This article is a critical response to a small book entitled ``Theology of translation: Walter Benjamin and the translator's mission''. In this book, the writer makes insightful comments about the situation of translation in Iran but then he prescribes Benjamin's method of translation as the most appropriate method of translation in the present political-historical situation of the Iranian society. In this article, the writer first presents a short summary of Benjamin's method of radical literalism and then presents a critical analysis of the book.

As a subset of descriptive studies, the current research focused on learners’ perception of the common teaching methods in translation courses. Accordingly, a multi-item Likert-scale questionnaire with 29 items was developed based on the proposed strategies applied in the three traditional, complex and modern methods of teaching for collecting the research data. Cronbach’s alpha was administered for estimating the reliability of the items. Besides, experts’ judgment and factor analysis were used for the coverage and relevance of content and construct validity. After administering the questionnaire among 100 homogenized participants, the answers were processed into numbers and applied in the final data analysis and reported. In conclusion, although all the methods were common in the educational context, the modern methods resolved the challenges which existed in previous methods and put emphasis on the necessity to provide a combined approach towards the existing principles of teaching translation. The results of the study would be helpful for students and instructors in teaching and translation studies via providing an interdisciplinary perspective in teaching translation and languages based on students’ attitudes towards the teaching methods in translation courses.

The place of the "Rab" is very central among the names of God, because it also has multiple meanings and can imply many divine characteristics, that will make the translator's problem of selection; and it has also been used in the non-divine sense in some verses of the Qur'an. This use of non-divine characteristics in languages such as Russian, will be challenged the new Muslim audiences with non-monotheistic backgrounds. Accordingly, the research problem is defined as such: what are the challenges of translating the word " Rab" and its solution and has the correct representation of this word been included in the Russian translations of the Holy Quran? In the present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, the translation of this word has been investigated and the result was that: using the "siagh" in three level is the best way to get the meaning of this word and all of the words in the "polysemy" domain. And, of course, none of the Russian-language translators paid attention to this. In the present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, the translation of this word has been investigated and the result was that:

No doubt, one way of getting acquainted with different nations and ethnic groups and knowing their sciences, thought patterns and cultures is to translate their works. Jāme’a al-Shawāhed, a literary work of Qajar period, by Mohammad Bāqer Sharif, is a translation of an anthology of poems. The present article investigates the translation method used in this book. First, literal translation which is the method used by the translator is being dealt with. Then, after discussing the deficiencies of this method, suggested translations are provided.

Methods of translating proverbs and ironies as a part of language and culture play a significant role in communication. Despite, some of the cultural reflections are sometimes ignored in the aforesaid interpretations because of applying unsuitable methods of translations.Since one of the aims of translation, is to establish and promote relationship between culture, ignoring cultural aspects of text in translation may decrease the scientific and cultural values of the translated texts.The present paper aims to clarify the problem and propose some solutions.

Zabi-ollah Mansouri (1274-1365)، journalist and translator، is well- known and distinguished in history of literature and journalism in Iran due to several reasons، like unique style in translating literary and history texts (for his reader-oriented point of view in translation)، translating and compiling a large number of books، and attracting different range of readers. In this article after presenting a short summary of this translator’s biography and introducing his works، views، and different reactions of other translators and historians to his unique style، his style and method in translation، particularly history texts has been analyzed and criticized on the basis of samples from the original texts and their translations.

The Persian translation of Mohammad Yazdi is one of the most famous translations of the Quran in recent years, which was also widely met with the Iranian people. This translation is neither a purely loyal translation nor an interpretive translation. This is while the interpreter has not specified his method of translation.But, with a brief overview of the translation, it can be understood that the method of translation has been sometimes in a loyal-semantic way and sometimes in an interpretive and free method. The purpose of this paper is to present thematic pathology of the translated text based on a descriptive-analytical method combined with a critique that in many cases turn out that this translation needs to be reviewed and re-edited. Although the translator has made great efforts to provide a loyal translation, nevertheless, translation loyalty has, in many cases, been overshadowed by the figures of speech. In this regard, additional interpretations that are out of parentheses are the most obvious example for the lack of loyalty to the original text which is abundantly seen in throughout the translation.Due to the fact that the translator has fluctuated in the process of translation between two loyal and semantic and possibly interpretive and free methods, consequently this translation has been faced with some problems which the most important of them are the following: problems in translating morphological, syntactic or gramatical expressions, lack of loyalty to the original text that clearly appears in the additional interpretations.

In their translations, the translators of the Holy Quran have paid attention to language units such as phonemes, words, combinations, phrases and sentences and they have chosen their translation method word by word, literal, free (adaptation), interpretative and semantic (conceptual, expressive, content to content). Each translation method relies on a linguistic unit and translators define their approach based on it. The present study, with a diachronic approach and descriptive-analytical method, examines the evolutionary process of linguistic units in various methods of translation of the Holy Quran and their evolution over time, and based on the translations of Surah Fatiha, explained and distinguished each one from the other. And by determining the linguistic units, the writer has explained the positive and negative points of each of these methods along with the challenges in the process of translating the Quran. The result shows that the developments related to the methods of translation of the Holy Quran have been in two fields of approach and linguistic units; It means that it is based on linguistic units from author-oriented or audience-oriented and has evolved from word to sentence; Also, in the beginning, the translators of the Holy Quran benefited from the linguistic unit of the word and proposed the method of word-for-word translation, then they turned to sentence-oriented and used methods such as semantic and interpretive translation. Therefore, the main difference between the translations of Surah Al-Fatiha is in the level of the primary meanings of the words, verses and the entire surah, which is caused by the author-oriented or audience-oriented view of the Qur'an.

Acquiring and promoting competency in literary translation has got evident importance in teaching literary translation and its aim is to make the students competent to translate content, linguistic style and function of literary texts equally into destined language. To reach this goal, it is possible to help acquiring and promoting literary translation skills in students by considering different theoretical and practical prospects in teaching literary translation, as well as, various methods. The purpose of the present article is to strengthen the competence through evaluation and contention of hedges and difficulties, problems and errors in literary translation and to propose translation strategies and didactic suggestions with retrospective method for translation products and following to that, to suggest didactic solutions that cause teaching literary translation, as a skill, takes place with more influence in academic ambient and at the same time, leads to improvement in students translations.This article is concerned with the importance of language style and function of literary translation in the target language regarding Heinrich Kleists translation of anecdote Mutterliebe.

Most of the extant Khotanese texts are translations from other languages such as Sanskrit and Tibetan. Therefore, translation has always played an important role in Khotanese, and correct translation has been one of the most important mental preoccupations of Khotanese translators. Naturally, the style, context, and accuracy of translation vary in religious and secular texts. This paper examines the translation and its techniques in the Jīvaka-Pustaka, which is a translation of a text from Sanskrit into Khotanese. In this paper, I will examine some matters such as the general method of translation, the method of “communicative translation’’ and “semantic translation” and the degree of adherence to these two methods, translation techniques such as borrowing, calque or loan translation, transposition, modulation, etc.