In today's borderless global economy, on the international stage, places act as new actors. Globalization of the economy and increasing the technological changes pace are two important forces in geographic location competition which is essential to have people with the following characteristics: creativity, risk-taking and awareness of environmental opportunities in the field of land economy. On the other hand, the increasing importance of tourism businesses in economic diversification and livelihood sustainability, especially in local communities, has created various economic opportunities to meet these needs. Consideration of innovative tourism activities in the context of rural entrepreneurship development is one of the most important opportunities. Therefore, the present article investigates the tourism entrepreneurship space in the Saman District of Malayer County with the aim of analyzing the spatial reconstruction capability of tourism entrepreneurship in rural areas development. The method of this study was descriptive-analytical and applied. The statistical population of the study consisted of 100 furniture and carpentry business owners. A questionnaire was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaire ، using Cronbach's alpha test for tourism entrepreneurship variable (0.98). Data analysis was performed in SPSS 20 software. Findings showed that tourism entrepreneurship (sofa and inlay) was relatively favorable in 90% of rural areas and led to the growth of tourism entrepreneurship economic activities in the region. According to the results, the villages of Dehno and Dehnoavarzaman are capable of entrepreneurship spatial reconstruction and become larger business locations. Also, the results of the means comparison test showed that there is a significant difference (p <0.01) between the perception of entrepreneurs with different educational levels in terms of factors affecting the spatial reconstruction of entrepreneurship.

Over the last 40 years, evidence of the wealth and capital accumulation, along with the continuous and accelerated flow of occupation of space, place, and its territories, dissolution, reconstruction, and spatial integrations in the urban spaces of Iranian cities, has fueled the unevenness and disturbance of space in architecture and urban landscape more than before. The problem is to find the reasons, for the rapid trend of unevenness and intensified disturbance in the architecture and urban landscape, especially in the metropolises of Iran. What are the influencing forces, factors, and relations? How do they affect spatial disturbance and imbalance? The research sample of the empirical study is Shahrdari Street between two squares, Tajrish and Quds. This study attempts to identify and introduce influential forces and relations affecting the mechanisms of the land and real estate markets to show how such factors obviously and intangibly have been able to make the street architecture and urban landscape unbalanced and confused. This has occurred through the intermediation of housing and building builders, via the exclusive occupation of the space and place near Tajrish Square, dissolution and accelerated spatial and place integrations, and serve the process of city spatial reconstruction, in this area. In terms of the purpose, this research is applied-developmental research. Its logic is deductive and inductive, and in terms of the method, it is descriptive-analytical, a type of case study that has reached a final synthesis by analyzing the cognitive and functional links. Based on the research findings, the growth of private sector activity and dynamism of the forces, affecting the accumulation of monopoly capital, relying on monopoly-financial rents in other sectors, in the context of cultural relations, play an important role in the occurrence of physical imbalance and spatial disturbance.

The main purpose of exploration seismology is data gathering, data processing, and finally obtaining an interpretable image of subsurface layers. Sometimes, because of problems such as undesirable area topography, instrument defects, and environmental constraints, we have data with missing spatial samples. Reconstruction and recovery of the missing data can be carried out using interpolation and reconstruction methods. There are many reconstruction and interpolation methods. One of the most useful methods to reconstruct missing data is the auto-regressive model. This method refers to the techniques that model the evolution of a signal as a function of its past/future samples (Lau et al., 2002; Takalo et al., 2005). Also, it has a wide range of applications in signal processing including noise suppression (Canales, 1984), parametric spectral analysis (Marple, 1987), and signal interpolation and reconstruction (Sacchi and Ulrych, 1996; Porssani, 1999; Spits, 1991; Naghizade and Sacchi, 2007). The autoregressive reconstruction methods were introduced by Spitz (1991). Spitz (1991) proposed computing prediction filters (autoregressive operators) from low frequencies to predict interpolated traces at high frequencies. This methodology is applicable only if the original seismic section is regularly sampled in space. Conversely, irregularly sampled data can be reconstructed using Fourier methods. In this case, the Fourier coefficients of the irregularly sampled data are retrieved by inverting the inverse Fourier operator with a band limiting and/or a sparsity constraint (Sacchi et al., 1998; Zwartjes and Gisolf, 2006). In this paper, a reconstruction method has been introduced that combines a Fourier-based method and an auto-regressive model to reconstruct the missing data. The method includes a two-stage algorithm. The first step of the proposed algorithm involves the reconstruction of the irregularly missing spatial data on a regular grid at low frequencies using a Fourier-based algorithm called the minimum-weighted norm (Liu and Sacchi, 2004) method. Fourier reconstruction methods are well suited to reconstruct seismic data in the low-frequency (non-aliased) portion of the Fourier spectrum. The reconstruction problem is well-conditioned at low frequencies where only a few wavenumbers are required to honor the data. This makes the problem well-posed; therefore, it is quite easy to obtain a low frequency spatial reconstruction of the data. Seismic data at low frequencies are band-limited in the wavenumber domain. Due to the band-limited nature of the wavenumber spectra at low frequencies, this portion of the data can be reconstructed with high accuracy (Duijndam et al., 1999). Then, prediction filter components are computed for all frequency bands from the low-frequency portion of the reconstructed data using the auto-regressive method. Finally, these prediction filters are used to reconstruct the missing data.  The aforementioned equations show that one can predict the data samples using past/future samples (forward/backward equations). It is important to stress that the technique presented in this paper can only be used to reconstruct data that live on a regular grid with missing observations. The results of the application of the algorithm on both synthetic and real seismic data showed and confirmed the performance of the method.

It is necessary to evaluate the physical texture of Babol according to the local characteristics and the spatial structure of the city and the reasons for its need for spatial reconstruction from the perspective of the smart city approach because urban management can consider defined areas for the city areas that should be accompanied by With technological standards and appropriate policies, the economic and social revitalization of the day in the form of technological development will help the smart city. This research is applied research done with analytical methods and a quantitative approach. The statistical population of the current research includes two sections of experts, whose number is 20 based on available sampling and Babol city residents based on Cochran's formula and random sampling. Two methods of SWARA, determining the importance of indicators, and WASPAS, ranking urban areas, were used for the data. Also, t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation, regression and Scheffe's post hoc test were used in SPSS software and structural equations in Amos software. According to the results, the indicators of a smart economy, smart government, smart life, smart citizen, smart environment and smart mobility are important in realizing a smart city. Also, based on the results of WASPAS, one area of Babol has a more favorable situation. Therefore, it is necessary for those in charge to pay special attention and have an application program for Region 2 and the context of the city of Babol in general in order to make it smart and achieve sustainable development. 

By influencing the dominant development trends at the international level, urban peripheral entrepreneurship as one of the most important economic phenomena that most countries in the world are facing. As well as using rural areas by cities, Nearby settlements that have a history of agricultural activities and water and land capacities, under the influence of demand and facilities, there have been changes such as the replacement of new rural production and the cultivation of fresh produce instead of traditional cultivation. According to spatial studies, if there is a large area of entrepreneurial activity in the suburbs, that area is capable of spatially rebuilding, settlements and accepting new business ventures and becoming larger business locations. Therefore, the present study aimed to “analysis of urban peripheral entrepreneurship spatial contexts" in Kermanshah metropolis. The research method was descriptive-analytical and data were collected through documentary and questionnaires. The population consisted of 21 entrepreneurial villages less than 20 km from metropolis. Findings that Chaghassem and Shahini villages have the highest degree of spatial entrepreneurship development with space reconstruction capability. Also, evaluation of the impact scores indicates the importance of investing in variables, which moderates the variable deterrent effects of entrepreneurial wealth scarcity.

Many rural development projects and projects are not being evaluated. Therefore, rural developers rarely know their short-term and long-term implications. On the other hand, in order to achieve efficient service and comprehensive coverage of services in all rural areas, emphasis is placed on reaching the hierarchy of rural areas, and to achieve these two objectives, the preparation and implementation of rural villagers' plans and rural development plans in order to distribute optimal services and the creation of an appropriate body for improving the socio-economic development in the village are considered. Given the passing of several decades of implementation of rural guide plans as the most comprehensive organized intervention in the physical environment of villages, the question should be answered as to how far the goals of the rural settlements are to be achieved in the direction of the spatial reconstruction of rural settlements.
The studied villages are located in the political district of Roshtkhar district of Roshtkhar district in Razavi Khorasan province. According to the census of 1395, the rural area has 26 villages inhabited and 4672 households.12 villages were selected as the sample for this research The present research in the field of "methodology" in the framework of "descriptive-analytical" method. The measurement tool in this study was a questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of households in villages of Roshtkhar rural district in Roshtkhar (N = 3192). To analyze the data, an unlimited exploratory co-ranking test (Johansson method) was used to examine the effectiveness of the conducting scheme on each of the variables.
Results & The findings showed that among the research indicators, locals were satisfied with the two indicators of quality of housing and network development. So that in the context of the index of quality of housing, rural households in the field of monitoring of construction, change and improvement of materials used in the construction of housing, households from the table variables and pavement passages, the construction of new passages, pedestrian and road improvement, and the quality of newly constructed roads are satisfactory and the implementation of the guiding plan has the greatest effect. On these two indicators. In addition, the evaluation of the effects of the design in the villages of Roshtkhar district indicates that the implementation of the guiding plan in the villages of Fat-Abad, Sa'adat-Abad, Mahdi Abad, Abbas-Abad and Fardagh, all of which is a type of villages in the plain, compared with other villages.
Evaluation of the project in Roshtkhar villages showed that implementation of the Hadi project was different in the villages of the study area. Local people have little satisfaction from the results of the project conductor. The conductor project in plain villages has been more efficient than other villages. It can be said that the effects of conducting the plan on the physical development of the villages of the region are not the same and conducting the conducting plan In the meantime, it allows for the development and rehabilitation of a systematic physical environment that is targeted at rural households.

Considering the complex nature of mental images of the future construction and spatial reconstruction of cities and metropolitan areas as well as existing complexities, it is particularly important to avoid a positivist and single-layer view of urban-regional studies. This study considers perspective building in urban and regional planning and the creation of alternative futures as a requirement for an intelligent and modified choice of future research methods. Causal layered analysis, introduced under a critical paradigm, is one of the most important future research methods. This method, like many others, is associated with gaps and limitations and needs to be adjusted. This research seeks to critically analyze this method and accordingly, the number of layers of this method should be reduced to 3 in accordance with criticisms and covering the critical paradigm dimensions. The approach of the first layer should be changed from scientific-experimental to an interpretive one with a critical attitude. And, the second layer's approach to post-exploration, which is aimed at identifying the obvious and hidden mechanisms, and finally deconstructing and criticizing the functional basis of the third layer. Then, according to the changes of each of the layers and the direction of applying the model in urban and regional planning, a set of qualitative methods is mentioned and an analytical device of the political economy of space is used to mount this model.

In this paper, considering the correlation of spectral bands of a hyperspectral image, first we cluster these bands based on correlation coefficients. Then, using spatial correlation among the pixels of a hyperspectral image and the mentioned clustering, we propose a spectral-spatial compressed sensing for hyperspectral images. For reconstruction of these images, we propose a spectral-spatial total variation regularization in which in addition to the vertical and horizontal discrete gradients, we incorporate the frequency discrete gradient as well. Using the mentioned clustering, reconstruction computations of spectral bands of clusters can be performed in parallel leading to a higher reconstruction speed. Also, in the case of spectral-spatial compressed sensing without clustering and performing reconstruction, the proposed method in comparison to the norm based and spatial total variation regularization methods improves the reconstruct quality in terms of PSNR. Computer simulations on actual hyperspectral images confirm the above results.

The spatial structure of quarters plays a fundamental role in revitalizing and improving their quality. Emphasizing the reconstruction of cultural heritage, this approach can serve as a suitable catalyst for strengthening related issues or the spatial structure of historical quarters. This research aims to reconstruct the spatial structure of the Arg quarter in Mashhad. The methodology employed is mixed (quantitative and qualitative), where initially, by defining the criteria for cultural reconstruction in both soft and hard environments and categorizing them into seven dimensions of the urban environment, the cultural criteria in the components of spatial structure were elucidated. In the second step, quarter issues in the Arg quarter were extracted through the perspectives of authors, experts, and residents using observation and interviews, then the issue network was drawn and analyzed using qualitative research analysis tools (Gephi software). The results of the research indicate that the most important issues of the spatial structure of the Arg quarter include the lack of day and night activities, neglect of social values, functional disturbances in space and activities, inappropriate environmental qualities, and the loss of a sense of place, which can be addressed by proposing suggestions for improvement based on the identified issues.

Apart from the ancient physical artifacts, one of the main attractions of the historical-cultural heritage of tourist destinations is the native-local industries, which have a decisive effect on the prosperity of tourism. Handicrafts of ethnic groups in tourism destinations achieve two major goals; first, introducing the culture of the destination to the guest community, and second, income generation and economic development of the local community. Therefore, today, the production of handicrafts is considered one of the special activities in the field of tourism. Tourism is the closest industry to handicrafts, which can play a vital role in creating and expanding the handicrafts market. This research aims to investigate the effect of the expansion of activities based on local handicrafts copperware in Zanjan, Tohid Street (Mesgarha) in identity-spatial reconstruction and the development of urban-oriented tourism. The main question of the research is based on how the reconstruction of tourism happens in the axes with the activity of local industries. What is the structural effect of local micro-industry indicators in reconstructing tourism?How are the indicators of tourism reconstruction based on the activity of local industries, originality-oriented and identity-oriented, related?

The research method in the present study is descriptive-explanatory with an applied nature, and the data collection method was library-documentary and field method. In the field method, by observing and taking physical impressions of the axis and activities, as well as completing a questionnaire from tourists and copper crafts workers in the said axis, between the days of Nowruz, from March 20 to April 10, due to the uncertainty of the exact number of tourists. In the axis of the said street, the sample size was used using a non-probability sampling method based on an available sample and a group without bias. Therefore, the questionnaires were completed by tourists in the mentioned period (20 days) 140 data collected in SPSS software was mainly descriptive statistics analysis (mean, standard deviation, and variance) and inferential statistics based on Pearson correlation analysis and path analysis structural model.

 Descriptive data shows that the tourists based on the local industries of Zanjan copperwares are groups and families and are more from the surrounding provinces. The data shows that the amount of purchase from the mentioned industries is 810 thousand tomans on average. Local industries based on copperwares have found regional and national brands due to the quality and Zanjan logo engraved on the product. The variety of the product has led to the possibility of movement and transportation and its practicality and usability in homes and companies. The product is believable for tourists, and there is more desire to prepare it as decorative and functional kitchen furniture. The variables of tourism reconstruction by correlating and creating a positive mental image and association of the center and the product offered in it have developed center-oriented tourism. Continuity and stability of presence as the main dimension of tourist loyalty to the environment due to the branding of the Zanjan copperware, variety of shape and color, practicality, and long-term durability of the product has led to the development of industry-oriented tourism in the axis.Tourism reconstruction variables are correlated and at a reliable significance level.The effect of tourism reconstruction variables in the structural model of the route is different despite being correlated, and the two variables of tourist loyalty and product branding have the greatest impact on tourism reconstruction. Based on Pearson's statistical model, the positive mental reconstruction of the presence and the mental permanence of the existing activity (copperwares) leads to the tourist's satisfaction from being in the center. Also, it advertises Zanjan's hand-made copperware industry and the desire to repeat the trip. As a result, tourism is developed. The originality and identity of the product and the locality of its production and supply, the local mark and logo, along with support and customer orientation, have increased the loyalty of tourists and created a sense of satisfaction and belonging in the space of local industries for tourists.

By examining this issue in one of the historical identity axes of Zanjan city (Mesgarha St.) with the revival of local industries based on copperwares, this research concluded that the tourism reconstruction in these axes occurs when the axis corresponds to the past. The old name of coppersmiths in this axis was the past manifestation of the establishment of copper industries, which is now starting and expanding with the re-establishment of copper guild activities and copperwares. This issue has caused the circle and the basic foundations of tourism reconstruction in the axis. The studies showed that the indicators of tourism reconstruction are in a meaningful relationship. On the other hand, the continued presence of tourists with the development of product brand dimensions has created the association of a positive mind and placed the view of physical quality in the tourist's mental background. Because the tourist, due to the variety of copperwares products, focuses more on the quality of the offered product than on the body-oriented quality features. This research examines the issue of branding the product and improving the physical quality of the historical-identity axes about the revival by the past guild performance and has explained that view and the tourism reconstruction. In order to develop tourism based on indigenous industries in the historical identity axes of a city, it is essential to focus on tourism reconstruction and stabilization. Additionally, any physical activity redesign should be approached from the same perspective.