پژوهشنامه مدیریت ورزشی و رفتار حرکتی
پیاپی 32 (پاییز و زمستان 1399)

Introduction and Objectives:

Emotional intelligence and cognitive styles are produced by function of limbic system and brain hemisphere but the relation between these two factors in athletes do not obvious. The aim of present study was investigate the relationship between brain quadrants dominance and emotional intelligence in female team and individual sport athletes of first grad high school.

The present research was a correlational research. The statistical society of this research was 200 athletes student who participated in team and individuals sport of Student Olympiad. According to Morgan table, 131 athletes student was chosen randomly for sample society. Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument (HBDI) and Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) were assessment instrument of this research. Pearson correlation test and regression analysis were used for data analysis (P

The purpose of this research was to compare of aerobic and functional training on static and dynamic balance semi hearing students.

This semi-experimental research in this field through pretest and post test was conducted. Among the semi-hearing students of Kerman province, 48 semi-hearing Students who had eligible for the research were selected by available sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups of 16 people (aerobics, functional and control). Participants in the experimental groups for eight weeks, three days a week and each session 60 minutes did exercises. Static balance test using the Balance Error Scoring System and dynamic balance using the balance Stars (SEBT) were measured to analyze the results, covariance analysis was used using SPSS software.

The results showed that both aerobic and functional training on static and dynamic balance had a significant effect, but, there was no significant difference between two training methods in dynamic and static balance observed.

Using these two methods training while acquiring physiological benefits derived from these two methods training to improve balance semi-impaired condition, according to a suitable and attractive of this training, particularly aerobic training method, will follow.

One of the areas of study in the sport industry is determining the competencies required by sports managers. In the meantime, the management of the sports clubs must work to satisfy the customers and are not excluded from this general rule. The purpose of this study was to investigating the relationship between emotional, competitive and social intelligence with competency of sports club managers in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature and descriptive method of correlation. The statistical population of this study included all managers of active gymnastics clubs, body training and physical fitness in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in 124 people. The statistical sample is selected as the total number and is equal to the statistical population. Shiring Emotional Intelligence Standards (1996), Social Intelligence (2004), Goldstone Competitive Intelligence (2009), and Competency Questionnaire (Tah, 1997) were used. The content validity of the questionnaires was approved by 12 sports management specialists. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated by Cronbach's alpha, which was equal to emotional intelligence of 0.81, competitive intelligence was 0.78, social intelligence was 0.84 and manager's competence was 0.77, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the data.

The results of this study showed that emotional intelligence and its components, competitive intelligence and its components, and social intelligence and its components have a direct and meaningful relationship with the competency of sport managers.

Because social, competitive and emotional intelligence affects the competence of managers of sports clubs, they should be considered by sports managers.

The purpose of the present research was to investigate the rela-tionship of sport friendship quality with indicators of adolescent athletes’ psychological well-being.

The Participants of this study included all adolescent athletes of Shahrood city (N=2032). Among them, 331 athlete was chosen quota sampling. Questionnaires of Sport Friendship Quality (Weiss & Smith, 1999), Satisfaction with Life (Ed Diener, Em-mans & Griffin, 1985), Happiness (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1997) and Self-esteem (Ros-enberg, 1965) were used to collect the data.

The findings indicated that sport friendship quality has a positive and significant relationship with happiness and life satisfaction, but relationship conflict showed a nega-tive and significant relationship with happiness, self-esteem and life satisfaction. The re-sults of path analysis test showed that sport friendship quality has direct and indirect ef-fect on the life satisfaction and happiness, respectively. Also, the relationship conflict had direct and negative effect on the self-esteem and indirect and negative effect on the life satisfaction and happiness. The section of total effect indicated that the largest effect on happiness was related to the self-esteem and life satisfaction, respectively. Also, the model showed a good fit to the data.

Finding a good friend and establishing a positive interaction with it in sports environments will increase the level of mental health and adolescents' compatibility. Therefore, it is recommended that families pay more attention to their children’s friends and their relationships during adolescence.

Personal brand management is very necessary for both athletes and sports organizations. Therefore, with respect to the importance of personal brand for players, the purpose of this research is the explaining the model of the impact of critical thinking and interpersonal communication skills on the personal brand promotion in Iranian football league players.

The research community of this study was 288 players of the Iranian football league (Persian Gulf Cup). According to Krejcie and Morgan table, the sample size was estimated to be 165 players. This study is a causal research and by survey method was conducted. The questionnaires of critical thinking, interpersonal communication skills and personal brand are the main tools of variables measuring. The content validity of the research tool was confirmed by 10 experts and sport management professors, and the reliability of these questionnaires was also confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, being 0.88, 0.86 and 0.92, respectively.

The results of data analysis by using partial least squares (PLS) method, showed that critical thinking had significant effect on personal brand and interpersonal communication skills of Iranian football league players. Also, interpersonal communication skills had significant effect on the personal brand of Iranian football league players.

So, we can conclude that by using the appropriate and desirable way of critical thinking in the Iranian football league players, we will see development and promotion of interpersonal communication skills and personal brand in the Iranian football league players.

Introduction and purpose:

Teaching method and choosing the best method is one of the most basic principles in education which can help to child's motor development, intellectual and interest. The purpose of this study was the determine effect of deliberate practice and play deliberate and organized competition on the fine motor skill and creativity of 10-9 year old children.

53 beginner girl students were volunteered to conduct research with an average age 9.11 ± ./16 that after pre-test were randomly divided into three experimental groups and one control group. The groups practiced in accordance with the educational method for 12 weeks and 2 sessions per week. Done mid test at the end of week 6 and post test at the end of 12. To collect information was used Bruininks-Oseretsky test (1978) and Abedi creativity questionnaire (1363) and for data analysis, Combined variance analysis (stage) 3 × (Group) 4, analysis of variance with repeated measures and one way analysis of variance with spss software version 22 at a significance level of P≤0.05.

The results showed that using a variety of teaching methods in experimental groups has been higher on the development of fine motor in deliberate practice than the rest groups and the amount of creativity in the deliberate play group of all groups. It has also been better in deliberate practice group rate of subscales speed and agility in the mid stage and post-test than other groups and was higher in deliberate play group than other groups rate of subscales fluid, expansion, innovation and flexibility in the mid and post test phase.

The results showed that the nature of the learning environment has a useful role in the development of fine motor skills and creativity of the students.

Money laundering is one of the illegal acts that has negative effects on economy. The purpose of this study is identifying contexts, conditions, process and consequences of Money laundering on football and recommend solutions to preventing it.

Research conducted through a mixed methods in fundamental-explanatory's nature.In first part (Qualitative phase) data were collected through in-depth interviews with experts based on snowball sampling. The data were coded and analyzed based on grounded theory via systematic approach. In second part (quantitative phase) a researcher made questionnaire distributed after meet validity and reliability. In this phase data were analyzed through SEM.

data analysis revealed that main categories are: intervening conditions (no clear supervising on financial affairs), contexts (unhealthy economic structure), causal conditions (poisoning of economic climate), phenomena (money laundering), strategies (indifference on financial management), finally, Consequences (economic malfunction on football). In quantitative phase, conceptual model was confirmed through path analysis. Discussion and

money laundering is a phenomena that may happen in football. Hence, understanding process in ML and considering them is crucial act. Therefore, to prevent ML must be clear supervising on financial affairs, healthy economic structure and developed economic climate on financial channels in football. Thereby, we can implantation an efficient managing on financial affairs in football.

Introduction & purpose:

In recent decade, sport tourism as a more incoming industry in tourism industry section, had a significant effect on cultural, social and economic structure of communities. Tourism amenity is a more important factors in sport tourism’s development. Thus the main purpose of research was designing of amenity’s dimensions effect on sport tourism future attendance on foreign tourist’s point view.

Population size consists of all foreign sport tourists that took part in Golestan local and traditional sport festival, that n=81 tourist had selected purposely and accessibly as sample size. To collect the data, Shonk (2006) future attendance questionnaire and researcher regulated tourist’s amenity questionnaire, assessing amenity level in based on physical amenity, economical amenity, transportation amenity, nutritional amenity and competitive amenity were used. To analysis of data, Pearson test, regression test and Amos to designing of structural equation model were used.

Results of SEM show that Competitive amenity (β= 0.64) and Physical amenity (β=0.53) have high effect coefficient on sport tourist’s future attendance (P≤ 0.05). Also based on results of regression test, Competitive amenity (β= 0.562, sig= 0.028) and Physical amenity (β= 0.471, sig= 0.037) were main variable to prediction of sport tourist’s future attendance. Discussion &

Tourisms future attendance is based on the outstanding and successful amenity dimensions in sport stadiums; it is a result of the rise and development of skills, knowledge, competence and efficiency of organizations that hold competition.

Research studies in the field of sports, indicating that exercise is a very important factor that it is capable of influencing crime. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the role of sport in crime rate in Iran the years 1374 - 1391.

In order to meet the objective of the research, econometrics and model of ordinary least squares (OLS) and Eviews (8) software are used. The data for this research is collected from the Ministry of Youth and Sports, yearbooks of the Institute National Statistic, data on the Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the registration port.

The results showed a significant and negative effect on household spending and government sports coefficients (-0/278953) on the types of robberies that According to logarithmic nature of the model, this result means that a 1 percent increase in government spending sports and family with control other variables constant, is equal to -0/28% reduction in the prevalence of robberies, also Sports government spending and household have significant negative effects with the coefficient (-9/414676) on the types of crimes and robberies which it is according to the original series (data) in the model, this result means that 1 unit increase in government spending sports and family with control other variables constant is equal to -9/41 of the reduction in the amount of crime and robberies.

Overall the results indicate that increases government and households spending Sports to reduce crime rates in the country.

Introduction and goal: focus of attention and competition is an integral part of the sport and the factors affecting the performance and motor skills. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the interaction of attentional focus types and competitive environmen on performance and learning over arm throwing in high school student.

60 male students with a mean age (16.95 ± 0/819) and unfamiliar with the research they were studying in Tabriz voluntarily participated in this study and were divided into four groups of 15 persons (external focus on non-competitive environment, internal focus on non-competitive environment, external focus on competitive environment, external focus on competitive environment). Then in the acquisition level practiced six blocks of ten attempts over arm throwing the earth tennis ball in conditions with each group. Retention and transfer tests were performed after 24 hours from the acquisition.

the results of variance analysis with repeated measures showed that the main effect of block groups and blocks, as well as the interaction between these two variables is significant. One-way analysis of variance and bonferroni test shows significant differences in all phases of the scores and in both competitive and non-competitive external focus group is better than internal focus group. The results also show that all groups in acquisition and retention tests compared to pre-test their progress (P≤0/05). Therefore, it is suggested that coaches and sports teachers in competitive environments also use external attention instructions to learn sport skills.

Background & Purpose:

Psychological pressure while performing motor skills can be result in focus of attention on various sources. Identification of these sources would be useful in applying appropriate instructions.The aim of this study was to examine the effects of psychological pressure on attention to related and unrelated attentional sources of vertical jump performance.

The research method was quasi-experimental design. 63 male physical education from Urmia Islamic Azad University students performed vertical jump task in two different psychological pressure situations. Social comparison, contextual and reward incentives were used to create the psychological pressure. Competitive state anxiety, attentional focus on task related (internal, external) and unrelated (performance worries and environmental factors), and vertical jump performance were assessed.

The paired-samples t test results showed that psychological pressure resulted in decrease of vertical jump performance (M1=43.52±02/6, M2=42.33±37/6), more orientation of attentional focus on task related sources rather than unrelated sources (MD1 =5.96, MD2= -2.48), and more orientation of attentional focus on internal sources rather than external sources (MD1 =3.41, MD2= -2.54), (P>0.05).

At whole, the findings are in line with skill-focused theory and suggest that the attention focus leads to attentional changes to task-related sources, especially internal task related sources.

Introduction and Objective:

There are various obstacles in implementing relationship marketing in sports tourism. On this ground, this research aims to identify and prioritize the existing obstacles in implementing relationship marketing in sports tourism.

In terms of purpose, this is an applied research and in terms of data collection method, this is a descriptive-analytic research (AHP) based on the geometric mean technique. On this basis, a questionnaire based on paired comparison with 4 criteria and 16 sub-criteria was developed based on Ndubisi’s conceptual framework (2007) and it was distributed among the statistical population which included a combination of Sports and Youngsters head administration specialists and the employees of the head administration of cultural heritage and tourism of the province of Kermanshah (37 individuals).

results gained from the conducted analyses indicated that the obstacles related to the relationships factor with significance degree of 0.445,obstacles related to trust factor with the significance degree of 0.245,obstacles related to commitment factor with the significance level of 0.166, and obstacles related to conflict factor with the significance level of 0.144, respectively had the highest and the lowest importance in relation to implementing relationship marketing in sports tourism.Discussion and

Communication is the heart of relationship marketing.Communication refers to the exchange and sharing of information in a timely manner and meaningful among tourists and providers of tourism services in the province.The higher the level of communication between tourists and service providers, the more likely it is to create a long-term or continuous relationship

Background & Purpose:

Especial skills are a distinguished performance in one member within a class of skill which is a debate that has confliction with generalized motor program basis. Previous researchers have used the mean analysis of data, thus this study was conducted to determine the degree of generalized motor program's generalizability and especial skills by evaluating the role of experience level with individual analyzes.

To answer the research question, seven experienced dart players were asked to dart throw 252 throws from seven distances in which most practiced distances was middle distance, executed in three sets. Individual analysis of linear regression was performed to calculate predicted performance.

Final results showed that there was a significant difference between the actual and the predicted regression in the two samples B and E, which had a lower experience level than others, but there was no significant difference between the other samples with the more experience.

These findings revealed that especial skills are shaken at the behavioral level in the case of analysis of individual performance instead of an average analysis. On the other hand, the findings support the hypothesis that the level of experience and practice leads to a relative generalizability of the generalized motor program, which has a comparative relationship with the level of practice and repetition in one of the members of the skill class, and in contradiction with Findings of especial skills. These findings will draw interesting research questions and practical applications for future research.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of motor imagery practice through and after observation on static balance.In this research with use of Movement Imagery Questioner Revised (MIQ_R), 24 girl students in the range of fifteen to seventeen years old and with top imagery ability by high scores in Movement Imagery Questioner Revised selected and matched randomly in two groups (imagery after observation and imagery through observation groups). Measuring devices in this study was stork test for determine the subjects balance value in two stages ,before and after 6 session (mental effort) by both groups. Data and result of tests were analyzed by ANOVA 2*3 and paired t-test (p

Literature and Objective:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the development of economical and political culture in cultural development in Championship sport.

The method of the research was a mixed-model protocol. At first, a researcher-made questionnaire consisted of 24-item Likert scale was used after confirmation of validity and content. Reliability was also confirmed with Cronbach's alpha (0.85). 143 experts in the field of cultural and sport studies were selected purposively as the sample. The statistical method included exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation in order to identify factors, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis to test the impact of the identified factor and items on the cultural development in Championship sport.

in order of importance universalism, meritocracy, Realism, people's participation, sports business and economic ethics were identified as the six factors which are related to development of economic and ploitical culture. Furthermore, the items of, Get a place and support of representatives in international sports organizations, Assignmentof Sport responsibilities based on the experience and expertise, being strategic thought and long time avoiding of routine in sport, Private sector participation in sport, and Being Protection laws of Sport Economy and Collision with corruption in sport, considering this factors were the priorities, respectively.

Being Wide fields for activities in the economical and political dimensions of sport and tangible results in the of society,the need attention to culture in this dimension as development of political-economic culture in sport that could be cultural development Championship sport.

The purpose of this study is performance appraisal Structural equation modeling of Guilan General Department of Sports and Youth by balanced scorecard approach.

The research method has been descriptive- survey one, which is conducted through field study. Statistical universe includes all managers and experts of Guilan General Department of Sports and Youth (80 people) and the statistical sample is selected full-count. A researcher made questionnaire has been used to data collection, and its formal validity confirmed by the experts (12 people). Moreover, its reliability has calculated by Cronbach's alpha (0.89). Structural equation modeling and PLS software are used to data analyze, and model fitness.

The performance appraisal model is in four factors, 12 dimensions and 55 indices, so that the factors of growth and learning, internal processes, fiscal, customer and sport consequences respectively have 4, 4, 2, and 2 dimensions and 13, 23, 7, and 12 indices. The coefficients of factor loading were internal processes (0.91), customer and sports consequences (0.83), growth and learning (0.81) fiscal factor (0.80), respectively.

The results demonstrated that in the organization performance appraisal, there should be special paying attention to four studied perspectives, their dimensions and confirmed indices; which according to the factor loading, priority of activity and appraisal is belong to the internal processes, customer and sports consequences, grow and learn, and fiscal factors. In general, this model can be applied as performance appraisal tool to Guilan General Department of Sports and Youth.