پژوهشنامه مطالعات میان رشته ای تفسیر
پیاپی 8 (بهار و تابستان 1402)

Interrogation is one of the styles of composition which, in addition to its true meaning, has secondary meanings, whose use in words conveys broad and influential meanings to the audience. One of the ways to understand the verses accurately is to discover the secondary meanings of questions. Interrogation is a very useful, beautiful and effective style in the science of rhetoric, which the eloquent theologian conveys the desired meaning to the audience by using it in a timely and appropriate manner. In Surah Malik, 16 different styles of questioning are used in the meanings of rebuke and threat, denial, etc., and the Qur'an uses questioning as an eloquent word to express the state of deniers and those who mock God's punishment in secondary meanings. Is. In this article, with a library and descriptive method, a comparative study of the secondary meanings of interrogating is done from the point of view of Allameh Tabataba'i in Tafsir al-Mizan as a Shiite commentator and Ibn Ashur in Tafsir al-Tahreer and Al-Tanwar as a Sunni commentator. The points of commonality and difference of these two commentators have been stated. In a comparative study between Allameh Tabatabai and Ibn Ashour, it seems that Allameh Tabatabai explained and examined the secondary meanings of interrogatives along with other evidences in the verses to explain the verses, but Ibn Ashour only focused on the aspects of morphological, syntactic, rhetorical and literary analysis of the verses. It is detailed and detailed.

The Hadith of the Prophet (s) is one of the treasures of explaining verses and interpreting the similarities, and achieving the hadiths that play such a role in understanding the verses of the Holy Quran has always been of interest to the scholars of the Qur'an, especially in effective interpretations. The Hadiths of the Quran are not separate from the Quran's appearances or incomplete understanding of the verses, and on the other hand, the theoretical classification of narrations has not completely solved the problem, and they need a special review, which is less important and in some respect, the hadiths which are mentioned below in Shi'a and Sunni sources are different from each other, and each has looked at those verses from the perspective of those verses, so it is considered that the narratives related to the word "instalment" are divided into three parts. In some Shia and Sunni sources, such as Tafsir al-Dhar-Manthor and Nur al-Thaqalin, the subject is analyzed and analyzed to reflect on the narrations of each of the scholars and to determine the direction and type of their views. The result of this research has been presented as follows: The approach of interpretative narratives in the sphere of its appearance and its literal Justification in both sources was almost the same and meaningful and had a slight difference. But in other cases, other direct interpretive traditions

Although the Qur'an is a single text, the interpretations related to this text are different. Even commentators with the same approach have different interpretations of the verses. Sometimes the interpretation differences can be caused by the difference in the recognition of the referent of the pronoun. Although determining the referent of a pronoun is considered to be a syntactical matter, at first sight, the question arises whether theological tendencies and interpretive methods of commentators can also be effective in finding the referent of a pronoun and defending it. To find the answer, we have gone to the opinion of commentators regarding the reference of the pronoun "Ja'ala" in verse 190 of Surah A'raf. Investigations show that some commentators have considered the reference of the pronoun in this verse to be Adam (PBUH) and Eve, some consider the reference of the pronoun to be Quraysh, and another group considers the reference of the pronoun to be the human type (both female and male). The current research, with a descriptive, analytical, and library approach, while examining and analyzing the commentators' point of view, has concluded that the influence of their interpretation methods and verbal tendencies in the selection of pronoun references, although it has been effective in most cases, this matter is not general and in In the interpretation of this verse, we do not see this influence.

Civilization is the collection of heartfelt beliefs and revealed beliefs of people who have put their social needs together by creating an organization in such a way that they have established the principles of social life to meet their needs. The Holy Quran has mentioned the decline of many civilizations with the aim of creating a lesson about the causes of their failures. In the relevant verses, the central cause of the destruction of those civilizations is the tyranny and arrogance of all or part of the people. For this reason, although the Qur'an recommends tolerance and forgiveness among Muslims, and sometimes considers it the only way to acquire material and spiritual virtues, But he condemns silence and silence in front of the oppressor and severely condemns him. What the author has addressed in this article with the method of describing and analyzing library documents is the examination of oppression as the most important cause of the decline of some human civilizations. In this regard, various aspects of oppression and its consequences that can destroy a civilization of several thousand years have been proposed. In the author's opinion, aside from the obligatory effects of oppression and its consequences in the Day of Judgment, the Holy Quran has listed oppression

Although comparative studies in the field of interpretation of the Holy Quran have been taught and researched in the scientific community as a field of comparative interpretation, but there are still hidden angles in this science, including the principles and realm of this science in which there is a comprehensive approach and barrier. is not. On the other hand, it is clear that the foundations and realm of a science are the basic tools of that science in order to achieve the goal. Therefore, explaining and specifying this area is one of the requirements of comparative studies in the field of interpretation of the Holy Quran. Therefore, this research seeks to analyze the principles and scope of comparative interpretation in a descriptive way and to determine to what extent the principles and domains proposed in this field are valid? This research seeks to explain the principles and the correct realm of comparative interpretation by criticizing the existing opinions in this field. The result shows that the realm of comparative interpretation depends on the researcher's definition of the science of comparative interpretation and then the basics of interpretation depend on the domain accepted by the researcher.

One of the attention-grabbing discussions among contemporary Quran scholars is the discovery of the structural and purposeful argumentation of the chapters of the Holy Quran. This interpretive approach, which is based on the purposiveness of the chapters and the systematic arrangement of the verses, emphasizes the comprehensive and structural consideration of the Quranic chapters. It asserts that each Quranic chapter, taken separately, has a singular purpose and specific meaning. In most of the Quranic chapters, diverse subjects exist, revealed through a superficial and initial examination of the verses, which suggests a certain dispersion among their subjects. However, upon deeper scrutiny of the verses, it becomes apparent that the entirety of the verses in a chapter encompasses a singular purpose. Through the discovery of this unified purpose, an interpreter can present a more precise interpretation. The difference of opinion regarding the structure of the chapter "Al-Hadid" among interpreters and the absence of any book or article in this field that has systematically expressed the singular purpose of the chapter underscores the necessity of this research. This research has been conducted using a descriptive and analytical approach, based on library research. The investigations show that the blessed chapter of "Al-Hadid" is composed of two contexts. Although each context serves a purpose, they all revolve around the central and primary purpose of the chapter, which is 'faith in God and the necessity of embodying its effects, including spending in the way of God, in life for the attainment of divine forgiveness and grace.' Key Words: Argumentative Discovery, Structure of Chapter, Purpose of Chapter, Chapter Al-Hadid.