آسیه عباسی

Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HEIS) is one of the most important surveys of the Statistical Center of Iran, the main parameters of which are spatially correlated. When there is a spatial correlation between the units of population, the classical way of selecting independent sampling units is challenging due to the lack of basic condition for the independence. Using spatial sampling is a solution to encounter this problem. Implementation of spatial sampling has received less attention in official statistics due to the lack of access to a suitable framework. In this paper we review a design-based model assisted method for optimal spatial stratification of the target population.  At present, spatial information of  population units are not available in the framework of HEIS, but access to spatial information of some sample units has been achieved by the Statistical Center of Iran for this study. The production of spatial data is one of the main components in the modernization of the statistical system which is considered by  Statistical Center of Iran.  In this paper, the sampling frame is simulated based on the HEIS data and then application of optimal spatial stratification based on a generalized distance is performed. The results demonstrate an increase in the efficiency of the mentioned sampling method compared to simple random sampling at the level of geographical areas. Also, simulation of grids with different sizes  and  correlations  reflects the better performance of this method compared to the current method of HEIS.

Aging and overweight are associated with an increase in oxidative stress indices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Spirulina supplementation (SP) with aerobic exercise (AT) on oxidative stress in overweight elderly men.

In this clinical trial study, 40 overweight adult men (age 57.41±4.82 years, Body mass index: BMI 27.88±2.21 kg/m2) were selected from Bandar-e-Anzali and randomly allocated into four groups; including Overweight (OW), Overweight-Aerobic Training (OWAT), Overweight-Spirulina (OWSP) and Overweight-Aerobic Training -Spirulina (OWATSP). The OWSP and OWATSP groups were provided with two 500 mg SP tablets daily in the morning and evening. Training groups participated in an aerobic exercise program for eight weeks, five sessions per week (with an intensity of 65 to 85% of peak heart rate, 40 minutes). Data were analyzed using ANCOVA at a significance level of P<0.05.

It was shown that AT and SP increased SOD (P=0.001 and P=0.011), GPX (P=0.0001 and P=0.0001) and CAT (P=0.005 and P=0.018). Simultaneous intervention of AT and SP also had a positive and strengthening effect on increasing SOD (P=0.00001), GPX (P=0.00001) and CAT (P=0.0001). MDA also had a significant decrease in OWAT (P = 0.001), OWSP (P = 0.001) and OWATSP (P = 0.0001) groups.

AT and SP could improve the oxidative stress in overweight adult men, by altering the levels of SOD, GPX, CAT and MDA. Nevertheless, the effect of the combination of exercise and supplementation was greater.

this study aimed to investigate the response of adipose tissue-derived cytokines (CTRP3 and CTRP5) to resistance training with different intensities in obese men.

44 obese men were randomly divided into 4 groups of 11: control, low-intensity exercise, moderate-intensity exercise and high-intensity exercise. The training program included resistance interval training including 8 movements which were performed in different intensities. The first sample was taken 72 hours before and the second blood sample was taken 72 hours after the 12-week training period from the subjects' right arm vein. In order to analyze the data, analysis of covariance, correlated t-test and Tukey's post hoc test were used at a significance level of P<0.05.

CTRP3 and CTRP5 levels in training groups were significantly different from the control group (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). Also, the results of post hoc test showed that CTRP3 and CTRP5 levels in training groups were significantly increased compared to the control group. There was also a significant difference between low and medium intensity training groups and high intensity training groups (P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference between low intensity training groups and high intensity training groups (P=0.028), also.

The results of the present study showed that CTRP3 and CTRP5 levels increased in the 12 weeks after resistance training, which could be related to a possible reduction in body fat percentage and body weight, which was more noticeable in the group with high intensity training.

The ranked set sampling method uses the ranking information of the units to provide a more representative sample of the population to the survey designers. The sampling distribution is closer to the actual distribution of the population. In this article, to ensure the effectiveness of ranked set sampling in extensive surveys conducted to prepare official statistics, we intend to use this sampling method to improve the efficiency of key estimates of household expenditure and income survey of the Statistics Center of Iran. The results show that using ranked set sampling to design household expenditure and income surveys can improve the efficiency of key estimates of the study, provided that the ranking variable used has a high correlation with the main variables of the study. Obviously, in the absence of a suitable and available variable for ranking the units, the information of the sampling frame can be used to construct a ranking variable correlated with the key variables of the survey.

Osteoarthritis is an advanced degenerative process that causes irreversible loss of articular cartilage and it is characterized by joint pain and its dysfunction. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of regular aerobic training and hyaluronic acid on cardiac tissue Wnt signaling pathway in experimental model of knee OA.

42 male rats were divided into 6 groups (7 in each group): 1) control, 2) patient, 3) salin, 4) HA,5) exercise and 6) exercise + HA. First, OA model was induced. Then, rats performed 5 days running on the treadmill for 5 weeks in the training group. Hyaluronic acid was injected intra-articularly. After 12 to 14 hours of fasting and 72 hours after the last training session, cardiac tissue sampling was performed for β-catenin and Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3β) analysis. Expression of theβ-catenin and GSK-3βgenes in cardiac tissue were analyzed by RT-PCR. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, if there was a significant difference, Tukey’s post hoc test was used (P <0.05).

Induction of OA in rats led to a significant increase in β-catenin gene as well as a significant decrease in cardiac tissue GSK3 gene compared to healthy control group. The results also showed that regular aerobic training, hyaluronic acid injection and a combination of both treatments resulted in a decrease in the β-catenin gene and an increase in the cardiac tissue GSK3 gene compared to in the OA group rats.
Discussion and

Regular aerobic training in combination with hyaluronic acid by reducing β-catenin expression and increasing cardiac tissue GSK-3β gene expression may exert its protective effect, which may be prevent heart disease in the experimental model of knee osteoarthritis.

 The aim of this study was to examine the effect of using L. Thymus vulgaris honey after a resistance circular training session on cerulopasmin, muscles damage markers, lactates and insulin resistance in young college men.

 18 young college men were randomly divided into three groups: control-water, control-honey and training-honey. Control-honey and training-honey groups were fed honey immediately after training. Control- water group at the same time, consuming 5 ml water. The circular resistance training included 10 minutes warming, 12 station (%351-RM) and 5 minutes cool down. Blood sampling was taken in 5 steps. Data was analyzed by using ANOVA with repeated measurement at the significance level of p < 0.05.

 The Result showed significant difference in the level of glucose, insulin and insulin resistance in control-honey and training-honey group from the first to the fifth stage (p < 0.05). The greatest difference (increase) was in the third stage between the groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma Ceruloplasmin, total Creatin Kinase, CK MB, CKBB and LDH (P≥0.05).

 According to the findings of research, Honey consumption did not prevent inflammatory factors after resistance training and increased insulin resistance index.

Proliferation has long been the main source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in tissue repair , cell therapy and tissue engineering strategies. On the other hand, regular exercise as part of a person’s daily routine may help manage pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mesenchymal stem cell injection and aerobic exercise on the expression of β-catenin and GSK-3β gene in the heart tissue of mice
in an experimental model of knee osteoarthritis.

For this purpose, 35 male Wistar rats with an average weight of 250-300 gr were divided into 5 groups (7 heads in each group) : 1) control-healthy, 2) controlpatient, 3) saline, 4) MSCs and 5) exercise + MSCs. The OA model (osteoarthritis) was induced initially. Bone marrow cells were then collected for grouping to use MSCs from the femur and tibia. After culturing in the laboratory, 1000000 per kg body weight were prepared for each mouse. During the recovery period, cells were injected as a single injection at the site of induction. The 4-week training program was implemented progressively in accordance with the principle of overload. Laboratory analysis of β-catenin and GSK-3β gene levels in cardiac tissue was determined using special commercial kits by real-time PCR. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance.

Induction of the OA model in rats resulted in a significant increase in the β-catenin gene. Moreover, it caused a significant decrease in the GSK3β gene of heart tissue compared to the healthy control group in addition, MSCs and exercise + MSCs resulted in a decrease in the β–catenin gene as well as an increase in the GSK3β gene of heart tissue compared to the patient group. The changes in the MSCs group were not significant lonely; however, they were significant in the exercise+ MSCs group.
Discussion and

Stem cell injection had little effect on β-catenin and GSK-3β genes in heart tissue. However, aerobic exercise after stem cell injection in osteoarthritis rats was able to make significant changes in β-catenin and GSK-3β genes created heart tissue. Therefore, stem cell injection combined with aerobic exercise may prevent cardiovascular disease in the experimental model of osteoarthritis by inhibiting wnt/β-catenin signaling in the heart.

One of the challenges at National Statistical Organizations is conducting a survey with a long questionnaire and a large amount of items. Filling out a lengthly questionnaire is time consuming and leads to problems such as increased unresponsiveness rate. Especially during critical situations such as pandemic Covid-19, this would be more challenging. A solution to encounter this difficulty is using a split questionnaire design that is more flexible and taking less time for collecting data. In this paper, we propose a split questionnaire design for Household Expenditure and Income Survey(HEIS) which is one of the most important surveys conducted annually by Statistical Center of Iran and its questionnaire is really long and time consuming to complete.

Sound is one of the most important work-related risk factors and most widespread physical factors threatening the health of workers. Almost one of the best ways to control the sound, is sound absorber. Due to the extensive entrance nano in various fields of science one their applications design and use sound-absorbing panels containing nanoparticles.The aim of this study to determine the sound absorption coefficient of nanocomposites, containing aluminum nanoparticles at different percentages.
This study had an experimental – Laboratory procedure. First of aluminum particles (100 nm), wood chips and glue polyvinyl acetate weight was measured the ratio of identified and wellmixed. In the next step, the obtained mixture is poured into the mold Heat resistant and transferred to 37 ° C. After the preparation ofmentionednanocomposites then sound absorption coefficient values were determined by acoustic impedance tube at four frequencies, 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz.
The Comparison between the sound absorption coefficient of four weight percentage (1, 2, 3 and 4% of 100nm-aluminum nanoparticles) of aluminum indicated thatthealuminum nanocomposite had the highest sound absorption coefficient of weight percentage 4% at frequencyof 2000 HZ. While theallweight percentagesaluminumnanocomposites was seen the lowest sound absorptioncoefficient at frequency of 500 Hz.
The results showed that the increasing of the percentage of aluminum nanoparticles led to increase of sound absorption coefficient and aluminum nanocomposite can be a good choice to reduce environmental and industrial noise.

In this article, we are going to interpret one of the queueing systems with a single server that has general and unknown distribution for the service and interarrival time using Bayesian view point.These General distributions may be well approximated by family of Mixed General Erlang distribution (MGE). This distribution is reparametrized such that it is possible to define a non-informative prior which allows using the MCMC method for estimating the parameters of models.Using the results of simulating parameters, we can estimate interesting measures that are based on recent results for known parameters in GI/G/1 frequently implemented queueing systems. At the end, we illustrate our approach for analyzing GI/G/1 systems with data from a bank.

Survey researchers frequently compare the demographic distributions of respondents to the corresponding distribution from the target population (often using census data). Many researchers hope that if the respondents in their study have demographic characteristics similar to those of the target population, their research findings do not suffer from nonresponse bias. Hence, it is useful to ask the question whether the nonresponse biases of demographic statistics are predictive of biases in key substantive statistics of the same surveys. A meta-analysis of 23 methodological studies designed to estimate levels of nonresponse bias in statistics of interest was conducted. The data from the 23 studies suggest that the difference between respondent and nonrespondent means for demographic variables is not predictive of the difference between respondent and nonrespondent mean for substantive variables of the same survey.