فهرست مطالب الهه اکبری

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic vector born disease. Several geographical risk factors affect VL incidence including air temperature, critical to the development of sand fly. Few and scattered meteorological stations tend to record air temperature with field measurements which costly and time consuming, albeit its evaluations for preventive activities are crucial for epidemiologists. Temperature can be determined by continuous surfaces extracted via Geographic Information System. Surfaces were produced by using geostatistical methods including Ordinary Kriging/Cokriging, Universal Kriging/Cokriging in Kalaybar and Khoda-afarin districts of Iran. I determined hot spot and spatial auto-correlation analysis of VL disease by Getis-Ord Gi* statistic and global Moran's I, too. Given the z-score and p-value of 2.22 and 0.026, respectively, showed less than 5 % likelihood that this VL clustered pattern could be the result of random chance. Estimating MAE=1.9897, RMSE=2.714 and PE =13.72, was indicated the Ordinary Cokriging method was the superior method in this study. VL incidence correlated closely with air temperature as Pearson’s coefficient. Epidemiologists should expand their studies on other villages similar to the involved disease-stricken villages in terms of air temperature. Albeit in these villages, the probability of sand fly activities and VL incidence are higher than others, so preventative activities seem necessary.

the present study aimed at developing an integrated decision-making model based on remote sensing (RS) and GIS to identify the geomorphotourism potentials of Tajnood Valley and Hemmatbad Desert in Zirkuh County.

In the present study, after identifying landforms, geomorphological features, and geosites through RS, the Fassoulas, GAM, and Comanescu models were employed to prioritize and value geotourism potentials, including geosites, geomorphosites, and economic and cultural sites. Finally, in order to overcome the challenges of each model and take advantage of the capacity of all models, the Fassoulas-GAM-Comanescu integrated model (FA-CO-GM) was used based on the Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP). In this way, it is possible to combine several factors that are considered separately in each model and to use the advantages of all models.

The final map of the decision-making model based on RS and GIS integrated from Comanescu, Fassoulas, and GAM shows that 36% of the region is located in a high potential zone, corresponding to the geomorphological landforms, proper access, extended perspective, and high viewpoints. 51% of the region is located in a very high potential zone due to its representativeness, geomorphological diversity, rarity, intactness, and integrity in geosites. In order to verify the accuracy of Comanescu, Fascilos, GAM and AHP models, a sample t-test was used. The significance level of the test is less than 0.05 and it is within the standard and significant test limit.

While identifying and evaluating the capability of the geomorphosite of Tajnood Valley and Hemmatabad Desert in the dry region of Zirkuh county, it was found that after applying several valuation models, with one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM) in GIS, it is possible to fix these defects and prepare a suitable zoning map for the geosite and combine the results of several models.

A significant course of action to planning agricultural operations and further maintaining and developing performance on a regional scale involves the accurate and timely estimation of crop yield prior to harvesting using crop growth models. Modeling dynamic changes during crop growth can assist researchers in planning crop management strategies aimed at increasing crop yield. Such models include several parameters that can be calibrated according to the characteristics of the study area. However, insufficent information on location/spatial-wise components or the lack of  thereof in these models along with uncertainties in parameter values may lead to errors in the estimated outputs. In this light, remote sensing data assimilation can be useful for resolving such complications and evaluating the spatial variability of lands, particularly at the regional scale. Remote sensing can estimate values of input parameters for crop growth models such as Leaf Area Index (LAI), fCover, biomass, and soil characteristics. This review paper seeks to introduce and compare different methods of remote sensing data assimilation in crop growth models and examine their advantages and disadvantages. In addition, a literature review conducted in this field can guide the readers in slecting the appropriate crop growth model, relevant remote sensing data assimilation method, and pertinent state/control variables. The literature review indicates that with new sensors and methods in the estimation of remote sensing state/control variables such as LAI and the development and improvement of crop growth models, it is possible to improve the accuracy of crop yield estimation.

Oxidative stress is one of the effective mechanisms in neurodegeneration and aging process in central nerve system. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of aerobic exercises with tryptophan supplementation on enzymatic antioxidant defense and lipid peroxidation in brain tissues of elderly rats fed with high-fat diets.

In this experimental study, 36 elderly male Wistar rats (age of 18 months and mean weight of 500 g ±100) were randomly divided into five groups including normal food control, G1 (n = 6); high-fat food, G2 (n = 6); high-fat food and exercise, G3 (n = 8), high-fat food and supplement, G4 (n = 8); and high-fat food, exercise and supplement, G5 (n = 8). Aerobic interval training program was carried out on treadmill including three days per week at speeds of 12–26 m/min for eight weeks. Each rat in the supplemented groups (G4 and G5) was administrated with 100 mg of tryptophan supplement per kilogram of body weight daily via gavage. Serum levels of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and lactate dehydrogenase were assessed using kits and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using independent t-test and MANOVA test at p < 0.05.

Results showed no significant differences between the two groups of normal and high-fat foods for the highlighted factors as well as interactive effects of exercise and supplementation for weight factor (p = 0.441), brain tissue weight (p = 0.78), ratio of brain tissue weight to total weight (p = 0.47), malondialdehyde (p = 0.13), superoxide dismutase (p = 0.55) with no significant differences. However, significant differences were observed for LDH (p = 0.05).

It seems that high-intensity interval training with tryptophan supplementation does not include effects on antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation in brain tissues of elderly rats.

Background and Objective:

 Soil as a heterogeneous natural resource and the largest organic carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems is composed of complicated processes and mechanisms. The necessity of accurately estimating soil properties on the national and regional scales for improving soil management, and understanding their influence on agriculture have resulted in attracting researchers’ attentions to this field. Soil Organic Matter (SOM) is considered as an indicator of soil quality in fertility and food production. It is also considered as a key variable in environmental and agricultural issues. Thus, using rapid and cost effective and more accuracy estimation of the SOM content in soil resources assessment and management can be helpful. In precision agriculture, the scale of soil data required for management of lands and products is very large. The scale of collecting filed data usually cannot fulfil those needs. Sampling, preparing and analyzing the large number of soil samples as well as producing the distribution map for large areas are very difficult. In addition, traditional laboratory methods of soil analysis are boring, time-consuming, and costly. In fact, they need specialized laboratory operators. The aim of the present study is to compare the performance of the two Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) and Boosted Regression Tree (BRT) for predicting SOM using VNIR spectrometry data. With the use of combining Wavelet transform and diagnosis of independent bands, noises existing in soil spectroscopic data has reduced. In addition, independent and effective spectra and bands in spectroscopy of SOM were selected. Consequently, in the present research, Wavelet-PCA-PLSR and Wavelet-PCA- BRT models were developed and performance were assessed.

Materials and Methods:

 42 surface (0-30cm) soil samples in the heterogeneous areas of urban-agricultural regions in Tehran province were collected. Soil Organic Carbon (OC) measured using Walki Black method and the samples’ spectrums were measured by ASD FieldSpec-3 spectrometer. First and second derivitation of spectral reflectance and absorbance were calculated. To reduce noises and smooth the spectrum, Sym8 matrix function of wavelet transform was used, wavelet transform is conducted to show and reconstruct characteristics in the spectrum. Principal component analysis and Hotelling's T2 test with 95% confidence level were used for outlier detection. PLSR and BRT was conducted onreflectance, absorbance and their first and second derivatives, at five levels of wavelet transform. Then, by comparing the results, the appropriate model was selected via validation. For doing the PLSR in nonlinear data, Kernel functions were used. When using numerical samples, regression trees are used instead of decision trees. But their processes are the same. In regression trees, the greedy algorithm was used. Therefore, by answering the binary question through which node the maximum data about respons variable is obtained, the root node and its two children are obtained. Producing the structure of trees is recursively repeated and a typical stopping criterion is considered. The stopping criterion can be as achievement to a split which cannot be divided and provides fewer data, or when data in the node contain 5% of the total data. Moreover, the tree size should be minimized. For splitting the node, the Ginny factor, entropy factor, etc. were used for minimizing those factors. In addition, the total square error is calculated in each branches and those with minimized values are selected. In addition, in the regression tree, the pruning process is employed for over-fitting. The BRT consists of the two regression tree and boosting techniques for improving the predictability of each of them. For calibration and validation of the model, 30 and 12 soil samples were randomly selected, respectively and R2 and RMSE were used for quantify the accuracy of models. Moreover, to select the best production factor of the PLSR mode, explained variance residual values and RMSE of validation were considered. Finally, soil organic matter map was produced using Landsat OLI satellite imagery and the proofed method for the study area.

Results and Discussion :

The SOM value acceptably, the creation of continuous mappings with more accuracy based on noise reduction and retention of suitable data have always received researchers’ attentions. The present study tried to find the better method such a more accurate quantization of SOM using soil spectroscopic data. Using wavelet transform and outlier removal based on Hotelling's T2 via the PCA, the suitable data were extracted for producing the more accurate quantization. In this method, independent and effective bands or spectra remain in the model, while Lin et al. used wavelet transform and correlation techniques for selecting appropriate bands in estimating SOM. Since the soil reflectance is more complex and affected by several factors, using correlation method in these heterogeneous areas such as the area studied in the present study does not lead to acceptable results. Considering the data values, the unsupervised PCA method calculates principle components and eigenvalues and eigenvectors. It also tries to maximize the covariance matrix based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). SOM estimation models were developed using the PLSR and BRT for reflectance and absurbance spectra and their first and second derivation. Based on the results, the BRT method with RMSE and R2 values as 0.58 and 0.94, respectively leads in the better results for the data of the second derivation of reflectance. Moreover, values of RMSE and R2 in the PLSR were obtained as 1.0338 and 0.938, respectively for the data related to the second derivation of reflectance. However, comparing RMSE of the BRT and PLSR shows better results of the BRT model.

Conclusion:

 In that field measurements of chemical properties of soil such as organic matters are critically time-consuming and costly. Furthermore, measuring those properties is not possible in the large samples. So, the results of the present study indicate that in heterogeneous agricultural-urban areas, potential of the developed models such as wavelet-PCA-PLSR and wavelet-PCA-BRT can be used for estimating SOM. Meanwhile, these two algorithms do not make distributional assumptions and therefore, there are no strong assumptions about normality. Using continuous functions and satellite imagery, the map of the level of SOM in large scales can be prepared in order that it can be utilized in studies such as cultivation potential, soil fertility, and sustainable development of soil.

Alluvial fans are important geomorphic landforms due to their advantages and their hazards. Many researchers in different aspects have investigated alluvial fans. A sudden change in the topographic slope at the mountain front and a decrease in stream power are proposed as the main factors of alluvial fan formation. However, the relationship between alluvial fans and active depositional processes on the surface of alluvial fans. the relationship between the area and the slope of the alluvial fans with geomorphic and geologic characteristics of their basins and investigating the morphology of alluvial fans using quantitative characteristics have been widely studied by many researchers, few studies have focused on the topographic characteristics of alluvial fan toes. The slope is a useful morphometric indicator to distinguish alluvial fans from other depositional landforms distributed on the pediment. The aim of this study is to quantitatively investigate the morphometry and slope changes on the alluvial fan toes of an arid region in order to distinguish them from other depositional landforms on the pediments. Therefore, we analyzed the slope of 40 alluvial fans and their morphometric characteristics in central Iran.

To investigate alluvial fans' morphometric characteristics, we first selected 40 alluvial fans in central Iran using satellite images. We chose a minimum length of 2000 meter for the alluvial fan selction. Next, six morphometric parameters including the overall slope of the alluvial fan (SO), mean slope of the area above the fan toe (SA), mean slope of the area below the fan toe (SB), the ratio of SA to SB (RS), the total length of the alluvial fan (L) and the sweep angle (AF) were measured. The slope of the alluvial fans was calculated using the study area SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) with a 30-meter spatial resolution. The digital elevation model was converted to the UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) coordinate system since we used the metric measurements in this study. The overall slope of the alluvial fans, alluvial fan length, and alluvial fan sweep angle were measured using the digital elevation model and QGIS software. To calculate the slope of the area above and the area below the alluvial fan toe line, we first created a buffer with 250 meters distance from the toe line. This distance was applied to avoid unwanted errors. Each buffer has 1000 meters distance. Generally, we used Google Earth pro, ArcMap, QGIS, and the digital elevation model of the study area to measure the morphometric characteristics of the fans and SPSS to apply the statistical calculations.

To calculate the morphometric parameters and to analyze the slope changes of the alluvial fan toes, we first selected 40 alluvial fans in Central Iran. Afterward, the sweep angle, alluvial fan length, overall slope of the alluvial fan, the average slope of the area above the fan toe, and the average slope of the area below the fan toe were calculated. According to Table 1, the most considerable sweep angle equals 156.12 degrees on the alluvial fan number 31. The smallest sweep angle belongs to the alluvial fan number 1 with the value of 14.7 degrees. Among the studied alluvial fans, the alluvial fan No. 17 has the shortest length (2076.679 m), and the alluvial fan No. 26, with a length of 44569.45 m, is the most elongated alluvial fan. In terms of overall slope, fan No. 17 has the highest value in slope (3.38 degrees), and the alluvial fan No. 16 has the lowest (1.64 degrees). Most of the studied alluvial fan have a slope of 2 to 2.5 degrees in terms of the slope of the area above and below the fan toe. The mean overall slope for the studied fans is 2.27 degrees. In terms of the RS factor, most of the fans are distributed in the range of 1 to 1.5. Generally, the slope decreases from the apex to the toe in an alluvial fan. The most important factors for the slope changes on the surface of the alluvial fans include flow velocity reduction, reducing the flow power, and reducing the channel width to depth ratio. Tectonic activity is also one of the essential factors in determining and changing the slope of alluvial fans. Sometimes due to severe tectonic uplift, new sediments deposit on the young and elevated surfaces of the alluvial fan, leading to steep slopes on the surface of the alluvial fan. Based on the results, with increasing the alluvial fan length, the slope of the area above the fan toe decreases. The same correlation can be seen between the length of the fan and the overall slope. The negative correlation between alluvial fan overall slope and alluvial fan length in this study is consistent with the results of other studies.

In an alluvial fan system, the apex of the fan is the steepest part, and the slope decreases to the fan toe. Different factors such as tectonics, stream discharge, sediment materials, etc., affect the slope of the alluvial fan. This study showed that most of the studied alluvial fans have straight profiles. The alluvial fan's straight profile indicates that the materials from the catchments area have been transported during the catastrophic flooding events and preserved on the alluvial fan surface for an extended period. The similarity between the fan's overall slope and the slope of the area above the fan toe is a sign of inactivity of erosional processes. When SA is smaller than SO, the alluvial fan will have a concave profile. The results of this study are also consistent with other studies showing that the arid region alluvial fans have a greater slope than humid regions fans. The RS values in the studied alluvial fans reflect the effect of fluvial processes on the slope changes on fan toes. It also shows that erosional processes have been inactive for a long time in the studied fans.

Rice bran is the most important by-product of the rice milling process. Rice bran contains dietary fibers, proteins, minerals and vitamin B, and could be considered as dietary fiber source. Dietary fiber sources such as rice bran are not only desirable for their nutritional properties but also for their functional and technological properties. On the other hand, considering the importance of meat products in human dietary in society, fortification of these products can play an effective role in the improvement of consumers’ health. In this research, rice bran was substituted with part of the rusk flour used in formulation of chicken burger at (1.5%, 3% and 4.5%) levels. Chemical properties, Physical, texture, color, and sensory properties of samples were assessed compared with control sample. The results of variance analysis indicated that the fat, ash and fiber content significantly increased in chicken burger samples (P<0.05) by increasing the replacement percentage of rice bran. The results also showed that the amount of cooking loss in samples containing rice bran was significantly lower than control sample. According to texture evaluations by increasing the replacement percentage of rice bran, hardness and chewiness parameters were increased compared with the control sample. Increasing the amount of replacement had a significant (P<0.05) effect on all of color properties. Sensory analysis showed that, all chicken burger samples gained acceptable score. So, it is possible to produce a high fiber product with good quality and nutritional properties by substitution of the used rusk flour in chicken burger production with rice bran.

Sunflower (Helianthuse annuus L.) is an annual plant from Composite with a chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 34 which is widely cultivated for supplying edible oil. Drought is one of the most important environmental stresses that limits the growth and distribution of plant more than other factors. This plant is classified as semi-tolerant to drought stress; however, its performance is negatively affected by drought. Transcription factors are molecules that play an important role in the understanding and transmission of stress messages as well as many physiological processes. One of the most effective ways to deal with stress is to produce resistant hybrids. Investigation and study of expression of genes post stress application and identification of genes involved in resistance and especially regulatory genes such as transcription factors is vital and necessary for molecular breeding programs.

In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on the expression of transcription factors: AP2-Domain, HD-ZIP, WRKY and MYB in oilseed sunflower, two lines with different susceptibility to drought stress were selected and cultivated in a completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse. The seeds were planted in 3 cm depth of 30 × 25 cm pots containing farm soil and sand mixture in the ratio of 2:1. The plants were grown in controlled conditions at 25 ± 3 °C, 65% relative humidity and 12 h dark-light photoperiod and were irrigated regularly at 100% of field capacity up to 8-leaf stage. After this stage, a number of pots were kept at the same field capacity however, some other were exposed to 80, 60 and 40% of field capacity. Samplings were done in two times, one and three weeks after drought stress application. The study of the expression of genes was performed using real time PCR by SYBR Green method. RNA extraction kit RNX-plusTM (Sinoclon Co., Iran) and complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis Kit (Fermentas LIFE SCIENCE # K1621) were used according to the manufacturer's protocols. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed in triplet using 6.25 μl of Maxima SYBR Green/ Fluorescein qPCR Master Mix (2X) (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germany), 5 pM of forward and reverse primers and 50 ng of cDNA for each reaction in a final volume of 12.5μl. Relative gene expression was analyzed by comparative Ct method, 2−ΔΔC. Target gene was normalized by the reference gene, ACTIN and calibrated for each sample against the control.

The results of statistical analyzes showed that the expression of the genes in the susceptible and resistant lines of sunflower is different. Mean comparisons of expression of AP2-Domain, WRKY and MYB transcription factors in the two genotypes ENSAT254 (tolerant) and LC1064C (susceptible) showed that the expression level was not tangible in the first week after drought stress application, but the expression of genes was increased in 40% of field capacity in the third week post drought stress application especially in ENSAT254 genotype. In relation to HD-ZIP transcription factor, the expression was much higher in ENSAT254 genotype than LC1064C genotype in the first week of sampling at 40% stress intensity. In the third week of sampling, the expression level of both genotypes increased in 40% of field capacity, although the expression was slightly higher in LC1064C genotype.

Early expression of HD-ZIP transcription factor appears to be involved in increasing genotype resistance to drought stress. The results of the present study can be useful in sunflower improvements programs for producing and developing drought tolerant cultivars.

Tourism development in protected areas creates many benefits for area management as well as the visitors. However, it should be considered that tourism without appropriate planning and management and assessment of the area’s potential can result in negative impacts on the protected area and tourists’ experiences. The aim of this study was to identify suitable areas with potential for the development of ecotourism in protected areas. Sarigol National Park and protected area as one of the protected area in IRAN, involve considerable tourism attractions, so it should be carefully planned for ecotourism development.
Since the objective of this research is to identify and zoning suitable areas for ecotourism, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and GIS technology have been used to determine suitable areas for tourism. The factors used include topography, climate, wildlife habitat, and soil and vegetation type and vegetation density. The ecological map of the region was produced by AHP and the Fuzzy-AHP method by considering these factors. Also, the attraction map area was obtained by GPS points gathering and weighting through a questionnaire and GIS software. Then, by comparing this map and ecological potential map, the appropriate areas have been zoned for ecotourism.  
The results show that the areas with very high potential are located in the parts including Northwest, Northeast and Southwest. Areas with high power also include areas such as Easy Waterfall, Esfarayen Dam, Ganjdan Valley and Bidvaz Valley. In the attraction map, the most attractiveness is related to the Northern parts and some Southern parts of the region, such as Easy Waterfall. Comparing the ecological potential map and the attractiveness map, it was found that most of the areas that have high attractiveness also have high potential for ecotourism development. Therefore, it illustrated that there is ability to develop ecotourism in the Northern region of the National Park, Easy waterfall and some areas of national park. These areas also have high ecological power and are attractive for ecotourism development.
Discussion and The development of tourism in Sarigol Protected Area is in the interest of the region and the environment and promotes the level of protection and sustainable use of talents. But in protected areas, protection should be the first priority of management, and other permitted uses, including tourism, can only be done if they do not conflict with conservation objectives.

Knowledge of the characteristics of morphodynamic river systems, Landform and its evolution as one of the most vital components of the Earth's surface that In many studies and projects, including the flood control, watershed studies, and environmental hydrology of the basic requirements for environmental planners. This study aimed to evaluate the changes of landforms and the KalShour riverbed in protected area ShirAhmad is Sabzevar emphasis on environmental considerations.

in the Research using topographic map and satellite images of Landsat, years 1988, 2000 and 2015. For this purpose, was determined changes kaleshor of riverbed and morphodinamic landform changes occurred in the study period of 27 years and Using maximum likelihood map landforms and account for the years of research and changes in any areas identified and analyzed and assessed.

Calculations show that the rivers in the region of 8.1 km2 kalshour shorter and less meandering, and become more the radius of the circle is tangent to any show that has become curved meander pattern to direct arterial. The map Landforms has changed was produced with maximum likelihood and overall accuracy0.78 and kappa coefficient 0.84.

 The results show a large changes of sand dunes and vegetation especially .Based on the results, because of having high groundwater levels and also enter wastewater Sabzevar and.31.5 km2 of sand dunes volume reduction and conversion to fields Tamarix hispida and forest Tamarix. This issue is for the benefit of the natural landscape and on the other hand depletes water resources and soil and adverse impact on animal life protected area's Shirahmd that require special strategic programs in order to preserve natural heritage and sustainable development.

The present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of digital hemispherical photography (DHP) in deriving LAI in silage maize farms in the south of Tehran. For this purpose, the DHP as well as destructive measurements for comparison were used to estimate LAI in silage maize farms in Qaleh-Now County in the south of Tehran in 2018 considering the nature of spatio-temporal variability in agricultural fields during a growing season. The results showed LAI obtained through DHP at different periods of plant growth has a strong linear correlation with the values measured by the destructive method (R2 = 0.92, RMSE = 0.45 and Bias = 0.31). However, the intermediate LAI range (LAI: 2 -

Burger is including the popular meat products that are used around the world. Most of the supplied products in fast foods have shortage of complex carbohydrates. Therefore, increasing of fiber level in daily diet is recommended. The present study investigated the effect of wheat bran on some properties of chicken burger. In this research, wheat bran at three levels (1.5%, 3% and 4.5%) was used as a replacement of Rusk flour in the burgers formulation. Physical (water holding capacity, cooking loss), chemical properties (moisture, protein, fat, ash, carbohydrate), textural (hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, chewiness, springiness) and sensory characteristic were evaluated in compared with control sample. Results showed that the protein and carbohydrate contents of chicken burger was significantly decreased and increased respectively, with increasing of wheat bran. The amount of cooking loss of control sample was significantly more than the samples containing wheat bran. Also the hardness values of samples containing bran were significantly higher than control sample. In respect to sensory properties, among chicken burger samples, control samples and samples with 1.5% and 3% added bran had the highest acceptability. This study showed that wheat bran can be used successfully as Rusk flour replacement in meat products.

Introduction In Iran, landslides cause many problems every year, such as: destruction of roads, destruction of agricultural lands and pastures, residential areas, soil erosion and transition a great deal of deposits to the watersheds. It is important to be aware of number, area and volume of landslides in order to estimate sensitivity, determination of landslide danger and long-term evaluations to estimate bulk sensitivity. Area and number of landslides information is simply achieved through aerial photos, satellite images and field inspections. However, these methods are of no use for volume determination. It is a difficult task that needs surface and subsurface geometrical data from the rapture slope. Gathering this information which is performed as field operations is difficult and expensive and estimation of the volume of slope in steep hills is very challenging. Thus, estimation of landslide volume may be only carried out by taking experimental relations that connects the volume to geometrical raptures measurements especially the area.Since, deposit delivery in a basin exit is very important in watersheds management and most of deposits are caused by landslides on side-lines of rivers; the importance of estimation of landslides volumes has to be emphasised. Hence, the present study tried to find an experimental relation to estimate landslide volume in Neyshabour Baqi Basin (southern slopes of Binaloud) considering the significance of deposit volume caused by bulk erosion and also expensive and time-consuming field operations. It expands from 59” 38 ’58° to 13” 44’ 58° longitudes and from 09” 31’ 58° to 30” 38’ 36° latitudes; in southern slops of Binaloud Mountains. 3. Materials and methods In order to suggest an experimental relation to calculate the volume of recorded landslides, the only ones were chosen that had complete area and volume information. Thus, data of 44 observed landslides including longitude, latitude and area was given to SPSS Software to set a relationship between area (AL) and volume (VL). In order to model the experimental relation of AL and VL, considering existing statistical relations, general form of this equation was used: Finally, in order to estimate the volume of landslide by area information considering regression assumptions, a power regression model was obtained. In this relation, the observed volume is given by multiplication of slide area by observed depth obtained from remote calculations and GIS. Various experimental power relations which were used for landslide volume calculations, number of landslides and the associated area with calculated volume are given in table 1. Relations were applied for 44 observed landslides areas in the basin and results were compared with the observed values. At last, a statistical improved model for Baqi Basin was also compared with other relation. Comparison was made through R2 coefficient, percentiles statistics values, maximum, minimum and average and the root mean square errors (RMSE). 4. Results After collecting the data required from surveys, first their accuracy and quality were controlled and then their statistical properties were calculated and provided. According to the results of this table, landslides in the Baghi area are in a relatively wide range of area, size and depth, such that their area (AL) was in the range between. The observational volume or size of landslides (VL) was in the range between and their depth (DL) was in the range of. This wide range may increase the standard deviation (SD) followed by variation coefficient for each parameter. Because there are no observational data for depth, we decided to calculate the observational depth of landslides by remote sensing and GIS. In addition, to ensure the reliability of data, by selecting 8 sites for landslide out of 44 landslides occurred in the region and field studies, the accuracy of calculation depth were estimated indicates No. 44 of landslide with complete data of area (AL) and volume (VL), in a diagram with Log-Log coordinates. the frequency of slides is higher in the area range between 100000 m2 to 1000000 m2 and volumetric range between 500000 m2 to 5000000 m3.. Exponential regression fitness on the data of observational area and volume finally resulted in creation of equation (1). To evaluate the calculation values of size of landslide by related equation, these values were compared to volumetric estimations by other equations. After calculating the size of landslides in the Baghi area, the diagram for range of area determined were drawn by different equations. it can be said that equations like Imaizumi and Sidle (2007), Imaizumi (2008), Rice and Foggin (2008), Rice (1969) were relatively in good conformity to diagram of this study (equation 1); however, equations developed by Larsen and Sanchez (1998), Guthrie and Evans (2004), Marrtin et al (2002) have relatively lower estimation than developed equation. 5. Conclusion Results from this study indicated that the equation developed for Baghi area are in good conformity to some equations developed by others internationally. Because these equations presented in study areas with different local and physiographical conditions than Baghi are as well as for different ranges of areas, therefore, this conformity indicates that the relation between volume and area of landslide is basically geometrical and independent from local and physiographical conditions. In final conclusion, according to statistical accuracy of model provided and its conformity to some other equations as well as benefiting from results of this model from data obtained through whole area, this model can be considered as a desirable model for Baghi area and for calculating the size of landslides in the Eastern North of Iran.