اکبر باقری

This article discusses the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with colorectal cancer using liquid biopsy. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide; moreover, its diagnosis and monitoring is of great importance due to various factors such as lifestyle, environmental and genetic factors. There are various methods for diagnosing and monitoring colorectal cancer which can be used as the basis for selecting appropriate treatment methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy and combination therapies.

Methods and Materials:

the current study has been performed through searching “Liquid biopsy”, “Colorectal Cancer”, “Tumor educated platelets”, “Biomarker”, and “Chemotherapy” keywords in various databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar until Dec 2023. Out of the 297 articles, 49 articles were selected and they were included in the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Liquid biopsy-based analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and tumor-educated platelets (TEPs) provide useful tools for early detection, monitoring treatment response, detecting disease recurrence, and identifying tumor heterogeneity and drug resistance mechanisms in colorectal cancer.

This article examines that due to the molecular characteristics of the tumor during the course of the disease and the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of the tumor between primary and metastatic lesions, liquid biopsy can be used as a new solution for diagnosis and monitoring of patients with colorectal cancer.

One of the basic requirements for sustainable growth and development is the existence of an efficient financial sector to finance production activities. In this regard, the present study has estimated the probability of bankruptcy of banks employing the Altman index and using evidence from the banking industry for 18 public and private banks in the period from 2016 to 2021. Using the panel data approach, the influencing factors in the probability of bankruptcy are also investigated. Estimates from the panel approach show that credit diversification is effective in reducing the probability of bankruptcy. Similar evidence shows that the probability of bankruptcy for private banks is equal to 68% and for public banks 70%. The calculation of the Herfindahl-Hirschman concentration index has also shown a value of 0.33 for Iran's private banks and 0.63 for state banks, so credits in private banks have a higher diversity than in state banks. According to the results of the research, more attention should be paid to diversifying credits in public and private banks, determining the optimal size of banks to take advantage of economies of scale, monitoring the central bank's compliance with Basel index standards and monitoring the maintenance of banks' cash balances for the unforeseen demand of the society.

Abolfazl Borghei is one of the leading figures in the current of revisionists in Shiite beliefs which owes much to Wahhabism and by falsifying a multitude of authentic Imami hadith sources in Shiite beliefs, including the installation and divine text، raises doubts about the Imamate of the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), recourse, pilgrimage and etc. This article, through descriptive-analytical research method based on many verses of the Qur'an and interpretive opinions of scholars and hadiths of the two sects, considers Borghei's interpretation of these verses incorrect and emphasizes that divine knowledge is different from creature science and the origin of the unseen knowledge of the Imams is nspiration. Burqa's misunderstanding of the verses cited، goes back to narrowing the concept of the unseen other than God to "divine revelation" which is prescribed by other than the prophets, while the way that Imams attain the knowledge of the unseen is "inspiration" from God, which is different from revelation and is not exclusive to the prophets. Numerous verses and unseen news of the Imams contained in the hadith and historical sources of the sects، confirm this result.

onsidering that the purpose of the stock exchange is to attract small funds and allocate them to the economy, especially production, so it is necessary to try as much as possible to make it as efficient as possible. The higher the cost-effectiveness of the capital market, the more investors' confidence in stock will increase, and their willingness to invest will increase. So if this confidence and trust is created in the investors, it will increase the possibility of attracting small savings and investments through stock exchange and injection. For this purpose, in this research, we will try firstly to test the efficiency of the Tehran Stock Exchange, and in the next step, suggestions are made to move from inefficiency towards the better functioning of the market to improve the quality of profit. Therefore, in this research, the role of stock market performance in the quality of companies' profits in Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. In this study, a sample of 172 companies has been used to measure the company's earnings quality. Multiple regression analysis showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between stock market stock performance and corporate earnings quality. Also, the other result showed that the amount of investment in the relationship between the performance of the stock market and the quality of corporate profits is ineffective.

The doctrine of Badāʼ (alteration in the divine will) is one of the theological characteristics and distinguishing features of Imami Shiites. The Qurānic origin of believing in this doctrine is the ideological and practical confrontation of the Holy Prophet (Ṣ) with the Jews. The Jews believed in the closure of God's hand in the planning of the universe after creation, but the Prophet (Ṣ), according to the verses of the Qur'an, believed in God's free hand in running the affairs of the universe. The Imams (AS) also prevented the Shias from falling into the abyss of denying the role of God in the world by introducing monotheistic teachings and emphasizing "the departure from the two limits" (the limit of denial and similitude) and suggesting the doctrine of Badāʼ. This belief, which is similar to the abrogation in pre-Islamic religions, was introduced and spread among the Shias by quoting verses from the Qur'an. The belief has two practical-ideological and behavioral roles for believers. The practical role is noteworthy in terms of emphasizing that God is absolutely and always free hand in running the universe, understanding that there is no way to change the divine knowledge, and recognizing the diversity of Qaḍā (divine decree) and Qadar (predestination). The practical role of believing in this doctrine in human performance is also rooted in the belief in non-rule of determinism in the universe and the significant role of human beliefs and behavior in changing divine destiny, so that man considers correcting beliefs, following the path of guidance and performing righteous deeds to be influential in changing divine destinies. Furthermore, the practical role creates the greatest motivation in humans for self-purification in order to abandon false beliefs and bad deeds and causes them to play a role in worldly and otherworldly affairs.

Nowadays, the Imamiyyah Shia consider the allocation of Imamate only through apparent or covered decree or through the performance of a miracle, which itself, is an instance of an apparent decree. Numerous rational and traditional proofs and arguments have been put forth that suggest the necessity of the appointment of an Imam by God and his introduction by a decree from the Prophet or the former Imam. In order to prove and recognise attributes like, knowledge and infallibility, which are essential for the Imam, there is no other alternative than appointment by Allah and his introduction by the Prophet.  Accordingly, every person that the Prophet Muhammad specified to and decreed to his Imamate is an Imam. Companions of Imam Muhammad al-Baqir and Imam Ja’far al-Sadiq are among the most trustworthy Shiites of the era of Imams’ presence and based upon their beliefs at that time one can trace the historical roots of the current belief in Imamate. Based on historical events, their opinions and debates with others, one can deduce the fact that, despite the opinion of some contemporary Shiite thinkers about the belief in the Imamate of the Imams of the Ahl al-Bayt, the general body of the Shiite community does not suggest a particular narrative of evolution, and most Shiites in the age of presence, like today's Shiites, had believed in Imamate based on God-given decree and approval of His Messenger.

The purpose of this study is to measuring the the effect of financing approaches on the total real rate of return of the Companies listed in Tehran stock exchange of listed companies in Tehran stock exchange. In this regard, we have tried to test some variables such as, cost of capital, Retained Earning, leverage, Profitability, firm’s Size to measure their impact on total real rate of return. In this study, at the first step there are 43 companies were studied in the field of producing companies and then there 39 companies were examined in the field of petrochemicals in the period from 1390 to 1394. At the next step, data is extracted from the financial statements of companies and then is analyzed by Eviews software and using panel data approach. The results show that research’s variables (incloading: cost of capital, Retained Earning, leverage, Profitability, firm’s Size) have positsve impact firm’s total real rate of return. It can be concluded that the relationship between financing approaches and independent variables. Finally, some recommendations are presented to inform shareholders and investors in this fims on how to use financing approaches.

In this study, the effect of spraying with different concentration of ascorbic acid (0, 10 and 20 mM) was examined in a factorial randomized complete block design with three replications on the essential oils percentage, antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds and their accumulation in plant tissues influenced by arsenic toxicity (0, 40, 80 and 120 mg arsenic kg-1 of soil) with purpose to test whether ascorbic acid application was effective in countering the arsenic toxicity. The experiment was conducted in 2012 at the Zabol University research greenhouse in Zabol, South Iran. Results showed that arsenic pollution decreased essential oil percentage, chlorophyll index, carotenoids, chlorophyll fluorescence; and increase catalase, carbohydrates, ascorbate peroxidase in plant tissues. Application of ascorbic acid especially at concentration of 20 mM, protect plants against arsenic toxicity. Our observations indicated that ascorbic acid spraying at lower concentration might be favorable to improve growth and defense ability against arsenic toxicity in basil though field testing would be required to verify this.

To investigate the effect of nitrogen and zinc elements on the quantity and quality characters of sunflower plants (Jamah1cultivar), a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted at the University of Zabol, Zabol, Iran in 2013. The experiment consisted of three nitrogen levels: 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 as the first factor and three levels of foliar application of Zinc including: 0 (control), 1.5 and 3 g L-1 of zinc sulfate solution as the second factor. Results showed that, application of nitrogen significantly increased the grain yield, biological yield, head diameter and 1000 seeds weight. The greatest grain yield, biological yield, 1000 seeds weight and head diameter were obtained at the 300 kg ha-1 of N treatment; it increased the latter attributes by 46.1, 7.2, 28.8 and 21.2% compared to 100 kg ha-1 respectively. In contrast to the potassium and oil content of the seeds, application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased the N, P and Zn content of the seeds. Foliar applied zinc led to significant increase in grain yield and all yield components; the grain yield increased by 21.5% at 3 g L-1 of zinc compared to the control. Foliar application of zinc also led to significant increase in the seed nitrogen, phosphor and zinc content. Application of 300 kg ha-1 of N along with 3 g L-1 Zn were found more appropriate for achieving maximal sunflower grain yield under the conditions of the present experiment.

This study examines the relationship of "book value" and "net income" with the value of companies (Stock Prices). The results are consistent with previous study for “strong companies”, but in “weak companies" the relationship of two criteria with the value of companies is almost the same. Although, the "book value" have a higher relationship with the value of the firm, but the difference isnt significant.

In the current study, conducted with document analysis method and library studies, researcher has first expressed the generalities and definitions and has described the meaning of comparative surveys and studies and using research tools mainly taking notes, has reviewed the methodological literature in management and the available backgrounds, and the fact that from whatever angle we view methodology we confront with human mind, nature and ideology and ontology. In this research, the researcher has referred to the ideas of philosophies before and after Christ, and has mentioned in Islamic philosophy theory and has summarized 15 methods. At last the researcher has compared the above method with the desired methods in Islamic management in addition to analysis of above mentioned methodologies, relying on verses of Koran and especially the order and commands of Imam Ali (p.b.u.h), with mentioning a sample of the above methodologies the researcher has concluded. It is necessary to state that the researcher, using 3 deductive methodology and inductive methodology and using keywords, has clarified his methodology.

The research, introducing the basics of the Total Quality Management System (TQM), proceeds to study the feasibility of its application in the Cooperative Administration of Khorasan-e-Razavi Province in 2007. Being of a survey type, it uses questionnaire as data-collection instrument which comprises five-choice Likert Scale. The statistical population includes all senior and middle-level managers, experts and employees of the Cooperative Administration out of whom Random Stratified Sample of 31 persons was taken. T- Student test was employed to compare mean figures with the total mean in view of the scale being an interval one. Findings show that senior and middle-level managers, unlike employees, do not strongly approve of TQM system. Also, not many experts familiar with TQM are available. All the three groups included in the sample, have shown a reluctant stance towards problem-solving through group-building and collective action or Team-work. The managers not taken into consideration the motivational mechanisms to encourage participation by the employees; and lastly to encourage participation by the employees, no significant financial support has been devoted to setting up TQM.

The purpose of this article is to provide economic evaluation of Sarbisheh road to frontier market of mile 78 (Southern Khorasan Province) and analysis its social- economic effects. So, first survey of this cases, such as: region characters of case study (Southern Khorasan Province and Sarbisheh town), path present situation of case study, 3 sectional recommended path of researcher, analysis of construction and improvement costs of this sectional recommended path compare with benefits of upward mobility of technical mobility paths. Then, presented cost- benefits analysis of project that include: cost operation and its monetary benefits (saving of energy consumption), decline in time travel and its monetary benefits, decline of accidents and its damages and monetary benefits, saving in operational costs, role of this study in expansion of commercial trades (export and import), because of decline of distance for goods transit to Afghanistan and also, provide economic boom for southern Khorasan Province. The last part of this paper calculated, net present value (discount rate:12 percentage) and internal rate of return (19/4 percentage) so that, this results indicate high economic rationalization for this project.

The present era, being named the era of information-explosion and prosperity of knowledge as well as expansion of mass media, has seen myriads of incidents and events across the globe. Advancement of technology, the influence of communications, and application of intelligent systems, have all created a critical situation governing the biological environment of the world society. Undertaking the significant role and responsibility of communicating information, media have the duty of making the world public opinions aware of the situation dominating the world and of the corollary of unwanted crises. Reviewing the literature of crisis and media and making use of theories on communication sciences and the comments of scientists of the field, the present article investigates the devastating impacts of crises on other sections of a country. It further proposes a conceptual model and offers an assessment of the questionnaire on preventing and coping with crises and puts forward some strategies for confronting them.The article finally discusses the whys and wherefores of crises and analyzes the manner in which they can be tackled.