فهرست مطالب اکبر بهمنی چوب بستی

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of ethical leadership on altruistic voices of employees of Golestan Tax Administration, which was done by descriptive survey method with correlational design. The statistical population included 600 employees working in the General Department of Tax Affairs of Golestan Province who were serving in 1400 and the statistical sample was 234 people using stratified random sampling method through Krejcie-Morgan table. Measurement tools included the Moral Leadership Questionnaire by Brown and Trevino (2006) with 10 items, the altruistic voice by Zuhair and Erdogan (2011) with 5 items, the cognitive trust questionnaire by Yang and Maschelder (2010) with 5 items and the Oxford Psychological Well-being (OHI). With 29 items, their Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.935, 0.857, 0.860 and 0.966, respectively. To analyze the data, SPSS25 software was used at the descriptive level for frequency, mean and standard deviation and at the inferential level for correlation, regression and analysis of variance tests to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that ethical leadership has a positive and significant effect on altruistic, cognitive trust and psychological well-being of employees and also a positive and significant effect of cognitive trust and psychological well-being on employees' altruistic voice was confirmed. Cognitive trust and psychological well-being play a significant mediating role in the relationship between moral leadership and the altruistic voice of the staff of the General Department of Tax Affairs of Golestan Province.

What today's organizations to a great extent need so that they can gain a position and competitive advantage in dynamic and complex markets is the ability to produce new, unique and competitive products and services in changing markets. The current research seeks to identify and rank the factors affecting marketing innovation in medical service organizations.

Using the Delphi technique, we identified factors affecting marketing innovation in medical service organizations. Factors affecting marketing innovation in medical service organizations were provided to the statistical sample in the form of a questionnaire to measure the agreement of the sample with each of these factors and methods. We ranked the known and verified factors with the help of TOPSIS technique.

According to the findings of this project, the factors affecting marketing innovation in service organizations are divided into technological, competitive, political, legal, economic and social respectively.

Paying attention to the subject of foresight and long-term thinking and the use of innovation in marketing should be placed on the agenda of the organization. Special attention should be paid to the internal and external environment of the organization and their analysis to select and implement innovative proposals in the organization (corresponding to the prioritization of factors affecting social marketing) and a productive organizational culture that encourages creativity and innovation in the organization.

The present study aims to improve the ability of librarians to improve citizenship behavior in libraries by using moral intelligence and social capital. The research was descriptive-correlational and was performed by survey method. The research community consists of all librarians working in the public libraries of Markazi province in 2017, and the statistical sample of the research was randomly selected. Research

This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection, which was done by survey method. The research community consists of all librarians working in the public libraries of Markazi province in 1397, and the statistical sample of the study was randomly selected. Data collection tools included the moral intelligence of Lenick and Kiel (2005), the citizenship behavior of Podsakoff, Mackenzie, and Boomer (1996) and the social capital of Nahapit and Gushal (1998). To determine the validity of the questionnaire, the method of determining the standard adequacy index of sampling and Bartlett test and to determine its reliability, Cronbach's alpha and divergent validity were used. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for natural data distribution, the Levine test for homogeneity of data variance, as well as multiple regression analysis and structural equation modeling tests examined the effect of observed variables on possible variables. 

Research findings show that there is a significant relationship between librarians' moral intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior and library social capital. Also, the results of the research model It indicated the necessary suitability and effectiveness and foresight of librarians' ethical intelligence on organizational citizenship behavior and its role on the social capital of libraries.

Increasing the productivity of the organization requires employees with motivation and commitment. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between workplace spirituality and organizational belonging in the staff of public hospitals of Isfahan city in 2019.

In this descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population included 580 employees of public hospitals in Isfahan. The sample size was estimated 230 people using Kerjesi and Morgan tables and the sampling was done by cluster random sampling. To collect data, Milliman et al's workplace spirituality and Schaufeli & Bakker's organizational affiliation standard questionnaires were used. Data analysis was performed using correlation and regression tests in SPSS software 16 at the significance level of 0.05.

There was a significant positive correlation between workplace spirituality and employees' organizational affiliation (r=0.527, p<0.01). Among the components of spirituality in the workplace, alignment with organizational values, sense of dependence and meaningful work were most associated with organizational belonging, respectively (r=0.446, r=0.508, p<0.01).

The findings show that spirituality in the workplace significantly predicts the organizational belonging of employees. Therefore, it is recommended that hospital managers enhance employees' sense of organizational belonging and productivity by strengthening the components of spirituality in the workplace.

The purpose of this study was to enhance the ability of librarians in conflict management in libraries through the use of communication skills and interpersonal communication. Therefore, in this research, the effect of communication skills of librarians on interpersonal communication and its role in conflict management strategies in libraries was investigated.
This is a descriptive study that was conducted through a survey method. The study community consisted of all librarians working in the public libraries of Markazi province. Data collection tools consisted of Queen Dom communication skills questionnaire, Graham interpersonal communication, and Potenhn and Wilson Corporate Communication Conflict Management. Using Levin's test for data variance, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for natural distribution of data, t and F tests for comparison of averages and linear regression and structural equation modeling were used to study the effect of observed variables on the variables.
The result of the statistical regression test shows the effect of components of communication skills on interpersonal communication and conflict management strategies as well as the components of communication skills with conflict management strategies that have a significant effect.
Given the role of the causal communication skills, it is possible to identify the weaknesses in this field in public libraries, to develop these skills through the workshops and the proposals proposed in this study so that librarians can benefit in providing services to users. Take their communication skills and adopt the best communication method in the user's referral.

The present research aims to explore the role of librarians' social intelligence in increasing the social responsibility of public libraries of Markazi province. This is an applied and survey-descriptive research. The statistical population includes all the librarians of public libraries of Markazi (numbered 184) from whom 89 individuals were selected by using the random sampling method. The instruments used in the research were the Kerri Anne Crowne's questionnaire on social intelligence with 21 items, and Denison's questionnaire on social responsibility with 19 items. The Cronbach's alpha value for the social intelligence questionnaire was 0.83 and for the social responsibility questionnaire was 0.925. The validity of the questionnaires was assessed by the relevant experts in the field. The results showed that the social intelligence of librarians has positive effect on social responsibility. The level of dimensions and components of social intelligence in the librarians was found above average. In addition, with respect to the effect of the components of librarians' social intelligence on the libraries' social responsibility, it was determined that all three components of social intelligence of the librarians had a significant impact on the social responsibility of libraries. The present research which attempts to examine the role of librarians' social intelligence in the increase of the social responsibility of Markazi province's public libraries will expand the knowledge of this area and raises the awareness among the researchers and managers of Markazi province's public libraries. Furthermore, and its findings can inform the relevant managers and experts of the status of the librarians' social intelligence of this province and assist them in planning to improve their social intelligence.

Nowadays, managers of organizations try to improve the productivity of their organizations utilizing the resources that they belong. Human resources are one of the most important resources among all. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the factors that increase the satisfaction, performance and productivity of human resources. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of citizenship rights awareness on accession of citizenship behaviors with the mediating role of perception of justice in organization. Organizational jusctice is an important factor leads to many positive consequences for organizations. Perception of justice can increase satisfaction, commitment and specially, organizational citizenship behaviors. Further, citizenship right is an important factor can be considered in organizational studies. The authors of the current study found no relevant study investigating the above mentioned variables. Therefore, the present study investigates the relationship between citizenship rights, perception of justice, and citizenship behaviors.
Case Study
Statistical population of this study includes 890 personnel (including the managers and employees) of one of the governmental ministries in 2017. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, the minimum numbr of sample size was determined as 269 people. Therefore, we distributed 300 questionaires with simple random samplying among respondent and 274 usable questinnaires were gathered. The current study is an applied research and included among the description-survey research. Further, standard questionnaires have been utilized to gather necessary data and the data were analyzed by LISREL and SPSS software. For reliability evaluation we utilized Cronbach's alpha. For evaluating the validity of the questionnaires, we used content validity and construct validity. In order to test the content validity after devising a framework for the questionnaire, we asked 10 experts to modify it if needed. These experts evaluated all the implemented criteria in the questionnaire and confirmed it. In this research we used factor analysis for considering the structure of research. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to investigate the construction of the questionnaire.
Discussion and The findings of this study show that citizenship rights awareness have positive and significant effect on perception of justice; Further, perception of justice has positive and significant effect on citizenship behaviors; Furthermore, citizenship rights awareness have no significant effect on citizenship behaviors; but citizenship rights awareness effect citizenship behaviors significantly, through perception of justice acting as mediating variable. In order to achieve competitive advantages through employees, managers can improve the citizenship behaviors in organizations. The results of the current study show that perception of justice is an important factor in this regards and has mediating role between citizenship rights and citizenship behaviors.

Moralities is an important factor in the regulation of human relationships. On the other hand, commitment is a psychological state that determines the relationship between individuals and their organization, and causes the emotional attachment of the employee to the organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the role of work ethics in organizational commitment of nurses working in Shahid Modarres Hospital of Saveh city, Iran. This research is a descriptive-correlative study which conducted on 196 nurses working in Shahid Modarres Hospital of Saveh city, Iran, in 2018. Sampling was done by simple random method. For collecting data, standard questionnaires of professional ethics and organizational commitment were used. Regression and structural equation model were used to analyze the data through SPSS and AMOS soft wares. Findings indicate that professional ethics has a positive and significant relationship with organizational commitment of nurses (B=0.706). Using regression analysis, a positive correlation was seen between professional ethics and the components of organizational commitment (emotional commitment: β=0.368, continuous commitment: β=0.489, and normative commitment: β=0.543). According to the results, it can be claimed that managers should consider increase of the organizational commitment of nurses by improving the work ethics and their components.

Knowledge management in health care system can reduce medical errors, increase the quality of care, organizational learning and promote cooperation, innovation and cause cost reduction. The success of successful organizations lies in the organizational culture and employees’ beliefs. The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge management in Hamadan educational-therapeutic hospitals. The present study was a correlational study-related survey which was carried out in a cross-sectional way on 300 nurses in Hamadan’s educational-therapeutic hospitals in 2017. Robbins organizational culture questionnaires and Nanoka Knowledge Management have been used to collect information. Data were analyzed using SPSS24 and descriptive (mean, deviation and variance) and analytical (Pearson correlation coefficient) methods were used. In this study, the organizational culture of nurses (with a score of 2.5) and knowledge management (with score of 3.16) were in appropriate conditions. There was a positive and significant relationship between organizational culture and knowledge management (r = 0.639, P=0.001). All components of organizational culture with knowledge management have a positive and significant correlation. According to the results of the study, if organizational culture and its components are improved, the progress and improvement of knowledge management will increase the quality of health care services. It is suggested that in the process of establishing knowledge management in medical centers, attention should be paid to the structural and cultural dimensions of the organization, in particular the development of individual creativity and leadership style, coherence and integrity

Democracy is not only limited to political structures but including establishing it in the whole society, its structures and organizations. Organizational democracy is necessary and vital to achieve democratic ideals such as individual independence, social liberty, freedom of expression and participation in all issues that affect citizens' life. The aim of present research is to achieve effective factors on establishment of organizational democracy in public sector organizations so that they can design the way of performing their duties and also work environment by using democratic principles in such a manner that leads to blooming and developing employees' potential abilities and also impressive presentation of products and services to the public. In the present applied-developmental research, descriptive-survey Delphi method has been used to achieve effective factors on establishment of organizational democracy and the descriptive-correlation structural equations modeling has been utilized to confirmatory factor analysis and construct validity analysis. Participants in Delphi parts included university professors and top managers of public sector organizations who were familiar to the concept of organizational democracy. Statistical universe in structural equations modeling part include staff of seven public organizations in Bushehr Province. In present study, a comprehensive study in scientific texts was taken up at first and indicators were identified and then, these indicators were put at the polls of experts. At the end, 32 indicators and 9 main dimensions were identified that are social responsiveness, shared governance, justly organizational atmosphere, organizational generosity, transparency, effective communication, culture of organizational liberalism, organizational flexibility and occupation justice.