ایران داودی

Panic disorder (PD) is a severe anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent panic attacks, anticipation and worry about further panic attacks and their potential consequences, as well as dysfunctional reassurance and avoidance behaviors aimed at preventing them. Panic disorder disrupts a person's performance in important areas of life and negatively effects on quality of life. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the purpose of evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on symptoms and quality of life (QoL) among people with panic disorder in Ahvaz city.
 

The research method was experimental single subject with non' concurrent multiple baseline design trials. The statistical population of the study consisted of all individuals with panic disorder referring to counseling centers in Ahvaz from February 2020 to August 2020. Three of them were selected using available sampling, and randomly between 3 and 5 baseline sessions were considered for them. The treatment program was carried out for 10 weekly sessions derived from the cognitive-behavioral therapy protocol, with a follow-up period of 6 weeks after treatment termination. Data were collected from the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID-5-CV), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL). Clinically Significant Improvement (CSI), Visual Analysis, and Reliable Change Index (RCI) were used to analyze the data.

Results showed that panic symptom severity decreased with CBT. Participants achieved a 52/69 percentage of recovery in BAI, and 55/03 percentage of recovery in QOLQ. These results indicate the effective effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on reducing the symptoms of panic disorder and increasing the quality of life in the participants. Also, the results of the reliable change index in Beck anxiety scores after the intervention sessions were (2.25 for the first participant), (2.57 for the second participant), and (2.90 for the third participant). After 6 weeks' follow-up, the reliable change index was in the first participant (2.45), the second participant (2.78), and the third participant (2.81). Considering that the score of each participant reached above Z = 1.96, it is possible to attribute the change or improvement obtained to the effect of the intervention with a 95% confidence level (P < 0.05). The result of the reliable change index in quality of life scores after follow-up indicates that in some subscales, the improvement was caused by the intervention and treatment. The rate of reliable change index was calculated for the first participant in the quality of life subscales, respectively, physical (6.37), psychological (4.28), social (1.99), and environmental (2.47). In the second participant, physical (6/37), psychological (4/28), social (2/63) and environmental (1/23), and in the third participant, physical (5/14). Psychological (3.25), social (0.63), and environmental (1.44) were obtained. In other words, cognitive behavioral therapy was effective in decreasing panic symptoms and increasing quality of life.
 

According to the results of this study, panic disorder is common and can lead to significant disruption in daily functioning and reduce quality of life. Using both cognitive and behavioral techniques is effective in improving a person's performance and improving panic symptoms, as well as improving the quality of life. Accordingly, cognitive behavioral therapy CBT for treating panic disorders and improving quality of life may be useful in Iranian clinical settings. In other words, results from the present study indicate that a CBT protocol of acceptability in patients with PD can be successfully delivered in this population.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the casual relationship between self-injury behaviors, external shame, self-criticism, and dread of self-compassion, with depression and family emotional involvement serving as mediators. In 2019, the statistical population comprised all undergraduates enrolled at Shahid Chamran University. A sample of 258 individuals was chosen in accordance with the sampling policy in place to test the research hypotheses. To gather data, the following instruments were utilized: Gratz’s Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI), the External Shame Scale (ESS) developed by Gross et al., the Thomson and Zoroff Self-Criticism Scale (LSCS), the Fear of Self Compassion Scale (FSCS) by Gilbert et al., the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Criticism and Family Emotional Involvement Scale of Shields et al. (FEICS). The assessment of the suggested model was conducted utilizing AMOS-24 software in conjunction with structural equation modeling. The results demonstrated that the final model fits the data well. Additionally, the results indicated that the direct effects of external shame, self-criticism, and dread of self-compassion on both depression and emotional family conflict were (p<0.05). Depression and emotional conflict of the family also had direct positive effects on self-injury (p<0.05). Also, the results of Bootstrap to investigate the indirect effects showed that depression and emotional conflict in the family mediate the relationship between external shame, self-criticism and fear of self-compassion, and self-injury (p<0.05). Based on the findings that depression and family emotional involvement mediate the indirect effects of external shame, self-criticism, and fear of self-compassion on self-injury, it can be inferred that predictor variables have an indirect influence on self-injury behavior.

This research was conducted to develop a structural model of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms based on intolerance of uncertainty with the mediating of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility.

In this study, 208 students were selected from among all the students of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz as a sample by random cluster sampling method, to collect data from the short scale of generalized anxiety disorder, scale of intolerance of uncertainty, questionnaire for Negative attitude toward the problem, repetitive thoughts questionnaire, anxiety sensitivity questionnaire, and cognitive flexibility questionnaire were used.The method of the current research was a correlation of the structural equation modeling. Data analysis and model evaluation was done by AMOS and SPSS software.

The results indicated the confirmation of the general model of the relationship between the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and intolerance of uncertainty with the mediation of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, anxiety sensitivity, and cognitive flexibility. Also, the findings of the research, while confirming the direct effect of intolerance of uncertainty on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, and anxiety sensitivity, showed that intolerance of uncertainty through the mediation of negative orientation to the problem, repetitive negative thinking, Cognitive flexibility is indirectly related to symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

The results of this research indicated that these relationships can predict the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in the form of a model. Therefore, using interventions to improve these characteristics can be effective in reducing the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder.

Objectified Body Consciousness Scale is a prominent scale of the key construct in the body image literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Objectified Body Consciousness Scale in women. 290 female undergraduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz who were selected by multi - stage random sampling participated in this research. In order to collect information the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (McKinley & Hyde,1996), Appearance Schemas Inventory (Cash & Labarj,1996) and appearance orientation subscale of Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire -Appearance Scale (Cash,2000) were used. The validity of the OBCS was measured using confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity, and the reliability of the scale was assessed by internal consistency and Half-Split. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable fit of the extracted model. Correlation coefficients between the OBCS and its factors (body surveillance, body shame and appearance control beliefs) with appearance schema and appearance orientation showed that the scale has good convergent validity (p <0.01). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for OBCS and its factors (body surveillance, body shame and appearance control beliefs) were calculated to be 0.71, 0.78, 0.75 and 0.65, respectively. Also, the reliability coefficients of the OBCS were obtained by Half-Split method (Spearman-Brown and Guttman) 0.50 and for its factors (body surveillance, body shame and appearance control beliefs) in the range of 0.65 to 0.71, and by retest method 0.79 and for its factors (body surveillance, body shame and appearance control beliefs) 0.83, 0.66, and 0.63 respectively after four weeks. The results indicate that the OBCS in Iran has a good validity and reliability.

Depression and love trauma syndrome are characterized by changes in mood and emotions and disruptions in performance.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of emotion focused therapy on mental pain, experiential avoidance, and forgiveness in women with depression, who experienced a romantic relationship breakup.

In the present study, a semi-experimental, pretest-posttest, control group design with a three-month follow-up was employed. The statistical population consisted of all females, aged 18-35 years, who experienced a romantic relationship breakdown in Isfahan, Iran, in 2021. Thirty participants were selected via available sampling and randomly divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group participated in 10 sessions of emotion focused therapy (90 minutes per session). For data collection, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Love Trauma Syndrome Questionnaire (1999), Beck Depression Inventory (1996), Heartland Forgiveness Scale (2005), Orbach & Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale (2003), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (2004) were used. Descriptive and inferential data were analyzed in SPSS Version 24, using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).

The results indicated significant differences in the mean scores of mental pain, experiential avoidance, and forgiveness between the experimental and control groups (P<0.001). Regarding these variables, 73.1%, 39.7%, and 80.1% of the variance between the groups in the post-test, and 76.2%, 41.8%, and 77.1% of the variance between the groups in the follow-up were attributed to the effects of intervention, respectively.

The emotion focused therapy was effective in improving the mental pain, experiential avoidance, and forgiveness of women with depression and who experience relationship breakdown. Therefore, this method can be used to improve the emotional health of these women.

This study aimed to investigate mindfulness, difficulties in emotion regulation, self-silencing, and perceived stress as predictors of premenstrual syndrome.

The research design was descriptive and correlational study with structural equation modeling procedure. In this regard, using a multi-stage random sampling method, a sample of 380 female students of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz was selected. Premenstrual Syndrome Screening Tool (PSST), Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory _ Short Form (FMI-SF), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS), Silencing the Self Scale, and Perceived Stress Questionnaire was completed.

The results showed that there is a significant direct and negative relationship between mindfulness and perceived stress, but there is a significant direct and positive relationship between difficulties in emotion regulation and self-silencing with perceived stress. There was also a strong significant relationship between perceived stress and premenstrual syndrome. The most important finding suggests that perceived stress mediates the effects of mindfulness, difficulty in emotion regulation, and self-Silencing on premenstrual syndrome. According to the findings, the proposed model fits the data and is approved.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that mindfulness, difficulty in emotion regulation, self-silencing, and perceived stress play an effective role in the risk of premenstrual syndrome. In this regard, lack of acceptance and awareness of emotions and suppression of emotions leads to high-stress perception. Ultimately, this pattern will culminate in experiencing more severe PMS symptoms.

Vaccines play a critical role in preventing deaths caused by infectious diseases. This study aimed to predict COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Based on Personality traits, Self-care Behaviors, and Social capital.

The present study is a descriptive and correlational study, which was conducted by office staff in the Ahvaz education organization using an available method. The questionnaires were completed online in the fall of 1400 and the number of people present in this research is 169 people. Were used to collect data from Hexaco 60 questionnaires (Ashton and Lee, 2004), Social capital (Putnam, 2000), self-care behaviors (Pouyanfard, 2020), and a short researcher-made questionnaire (Corona vaccine acceptance).

The results of data analyses showed that personality traits (consciousness and neuroticism), Self-care Behaviors, and social capital are the best predictors of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance.

According to the findings, designing programs to increase the vaccination rate and appropriate psychological strategies and techniques is essential to enhancing the responsibility of the community in terms of trust in vaccination and strengthening the behavior of participating in people.

Introductoin: 

Although dreams are subjective and completely personal experience while sleeping, some themes of dreams are universal and shared by all humans in different cultures. This study aims to identify common dreams and examine their relationship with the dimensions of attitude toward dreams in a sample of the general population of Iranian culture.

For this purpose, 720 Iranian people (17-63 years), were selected by voluntary sampling method in the study.  They participated by completing questionnaires about common dreams and attitudes towards dreams on the website of this research. Data were analyzed using Canonical correlation in SPSS-24 software.

"Seeing a dead person alive", "Sexual experiences" and "Being chased without physical harm" were the most frequent dream themes, respectively. The results of the canonical correlation showed that the relationship between the canonical variable of attitude toward dreams and the canonical variable of typical dreams is 0.57 (p<0.001). Also, 0.62 of the variance of the components of common dreams is explained by the dimensions of the attitude towards the dream.

The results of the canonical analysis with 99% probability confirm the existence of a correlation between the two sets of attitudes toward dreams and the components of common dreams, which indicates that intra-psychological variables such as attitude can make an individual difference even in common aspects of dreams. Therefore, they should be considered in the study of common dreams

This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of cognitive- existential and mind- based cognitive- existential therapy on the fear of cancer recurrence and its components in women with breast cancer. The method of the present study is quasi-experimental and pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all women with breast cancer referred to Dezful Cancer Treatment Center who were selected by the available sampling method. according to the inclusion criteria, 45 people were selected as a sample and randomly divided into three groups existential-cognitive group therapy, mindfulness-based existential-cognitive group therapy, and a control group was assigned. Used to collect data Demoralization Scale (Kissane et al., 2004) and Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (Gard et al.,  2006). The results of the multivariate analysis of covariance showed that there was a statistically significant difference between demoralization and pleasure experience in the experimental and control groups (P<0.001). Also, the results of the Bonferroni test showed that mindfulness–based existential-cognitive therapy further reduces the Demoralization in breast cancer survivors and increases the experience of pleasure in these people (P<0.001). As a result, by adding mindfulness exercises to existential-cognitive therapy, Demoralization can be further reduced and the  Experience of Pleasure can be increased.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of an intervention program of dream interpretation group sessions using the Ullman method on exploratory, action, and experiential insights in healthy women. This is an applied and quasi-experimental study with a pretest/posttest and a control group. The population includes all Persian-speaking women living in Iran, aged 20 to 45 years, with at least a diploma, and able to access and work with the Internet in 2020, who were eligible to participate in the study based on the inclusion criteria. After publishing the invitation on the websites and virtual advertising pages of various cities, 20 people from this population were purposively selected (based on the inclusion criteria) and then randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (10 people in each group). Data collection instruments were the Gains from Dream Interpretation (GDI) questionnaire and the intervention program, including the Ullmann's Appreciating Dreams Protocol (UADP), conducted online in 11 sessions of 90 to 120 minutes. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS-24 software. The results showed that the intervention program of group interpretation of dreams according to the Ullmann's method had a significant effect on exploratory and action insight (p < 0.05), but was not significant on experimental insight. Therefore, the Ullmann's Appreciating Dreams Protocol can be used to promote insight in the non-clinical population.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of compassion mindfulness training (CMT) in symptoms of social anxiety disorder and cognitive emotion regulationstrategies of female students with social anxiety disorder (SAD) of Shahid Chamran University of Ahwaz. In this research, a single case experimental design of multiple baseline type has been used. All female volunteer students living in the dormitory of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz who were studying in the academic year of 2016-2017 completed Connor Social Anxiety Questionnaire (2000).Among the students who had the highest score from the cut-off point, four subjects who received a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder according to DSM-5, were selected by purposive sampling. The subjects were trained for 8 weeks and one session per week. They were assessed by Connor Social Anxiety Scale and Garnfsky Emotion Cognitive Regulation Scale (2001), before treatment, during treatment, and after treatment at the two-, four-, and six-week follow-up stages. Data were collected through clinical interview, Special anxiety inventory (SPI) and Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Visual analyze, percent of improvement and reliable change index were used to analyze of data. Results showed that compassion mindfulness training (CMT) lead to reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder, increasing adaptive cognitive-emotion regulation strategies and decreasing adaptive cognitive-emotion regulation strategies in subjects with social anxiety disorder. Two-, four-, and six-week follow-up indicated relative stability of the changes.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on cognitive fatigue in female patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and three months of follow up performed on three groups of therapy, placebo, and waiting list. Thus, among the female patients with MS referred to the MS Society of Ahwaz, Iran, 41 patients were chosen with the convenience sampling method and divided into therapy (n = 13), placebo (n = 13), and waiting list (n = 14) by random sampling.

All patients completed the Modified Impact of Fatigue Scale (MFIS) in the pretest and posttest stages and after the three-month follow-up period. The results of the mixed analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the interaction between time and therapy can reduce the cognitive fatigue in patients with MS (F = 3.53, P = 0.014, effect size = 0.16, statistical power = 0.84) and this reduction will remain and until the follow-up.

According to fatigue as a main and pervasive complaint of this group, the results of this study can be used as an appropriate method to reduce cognitive fatigue in patients with MS.

 This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group therapy based on mindfulness oriented recovery enhancement approach on Cognitive Reactivity to Sad Mood and Pain-Related Anxiety among Chronic Pain Patients.

Materials & Methods:

This study is quasi-experimental with control group. The statistical population included all the patients with chronic pain at Ahwaz who have been referred to Health Center (Hospitals with specialized clinics of physical medicine and orthopedics) in summer 2017. 30 chronic pain patients were selected through recall and in a voluntary method based on pain specialist diagnosis and randomly allocated into two experimental(n=15) and control (n=15) groups. Both groups were tested before. The experimental group for eight sessions of 120-minute group therapy were based on mindfulness oriented recovery enhancement approach. Control group members did not receive any interventions. Data through questionnaires study were Index of Depression Sensitivity-Revised Version (LEIDS-R) and Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (PASS). Research data to way multivariate analysis of variance were analyzed by SPSS 21 software.

The results of multivariate analysis of covariance with significance level (p > 0.0001) on the hypothesis show a significant difference between the two groups at post-test, that represents the effectiveness of mindfulness oriented recovery enhancement approach group therapy based on Cognitive Reactivity to Sad Mood and Pain-Related Anxiety among Chronic Pain Patients.

The conclusion of the study is based on group therapy, mindfulness oriented recovery enhancement approach is to reduce. Cognitive Reactivity to Sad Mood and Pain-Related Anxiety among Chronic Pain Patients.

Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is one of the most common, chronic and debilitating anxiety disorders and is one of the important causes of poor social and academic performance of students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of Compassion Mind Training (CMT) on social anxiety symptoms & psychological capitals in female students with social anxiety disorder of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. According to this, a single subject multiple baselines with follow up phase will be conducted. The first, 8 female volunteer students with the highest score from the cut-off point in the social anxiety questionnaire were selected from the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz and trained for 8 weeks. Within base line stage (3 weeks) therapy phase (8 weekly) and follow up step (two-, four-, and six-week after treatment), Subjects were evaluated by social anxiety Inventory and psychological capitals Questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using Visual analysis method, reliable change index (p < 0.05) and recovery percentage formula. The results showed that compassionate mind training leads to reducing the symptoms of social anxiety disorder, increasing psychological capitals in people with social anxiety disorder. These results remain relatively stable during follow up phase. This study supports the effectiveness of compassionate mind training on symptoms of social anxiety disorder and psychological capitals of female students with social anxiety disorder.

Transdiagnostic treatment is one of the new therapies that the effect of it on many psychological variables has been established. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of Transdiagnostic treatment on anxiety sensitivity, distress tolerance and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The research method was experimental (pretest, posttest with control group). In this research, 30 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder randomly assigned to experimental (6 males and 9 female) and control (6 males and 9 female) groups Anxiety Sensitivity Scale (ASI-R), the Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (DTS) and The Yale–Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) were used for collecting the data. Transdiagnostic treatment was administered to experimental group, in 12 one-hour sessions. The data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results indicated that the Transdiagnostic treatment is effective in decreasing Anxiety Sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and increasing the Distress Tolerance. According to the results, Transdiagnostic treatment was suggested for improving the Distress Tolerance and Anxiety Sensitivity and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Selective attention to pain-related stimuli, known as pain attentional bias (AB) can exacerbate pain, disability and undermine quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine effectiveness of mindfulness oriented recovery enhancement approach on attentional bias related to pain and disability among Chronic Pain Patients. The present study was an sub - experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The study statistical population included all the patients with chronic pain referred to the professional clinic of pain of Ahwaz who overall, 30 patients were selected through recall and in a voluntary method based on pain specialist diagnosis and randomly allocated into two experimental and control groups The instrumentals of this study were Pictorial Dot_Prob Task and Modified version of the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (M-RMDQ)who participants completed in pre-test and post-test. Descriptive statistical methods and covariance analysis were used for analysis of the data. The results showed that training Mindfulness Oriented Recovery Enhancement Approach was effective in reducing attentional bias to pain-related stimuli and disability in patients The results showed that training Mindfulness Oriented Recovery Enhancement Approach was effective in reducing attentional bias to pain-related stimuli and disability in patients. Performing psychological treatments can help psychologists, psychiatrists and all public health professionals to better control and treat chronic pain.

Understanding the actual - ideal body discrepancy in individuals makes them use coping strategies to manage the distracting experiences of their body image. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of body discrepancy with body image maladaptive coping strategies (experiential avoidance and appearance fixation) with the mediating role of self-compassion and body shame. Sample consisted of 300 female undergraduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz who were selected by multi -stage random sampling. In order to collect information, we used the body-image ideals questionnaire, objectified body cnsciousness scale, body image coping strategies inventory, self-compassion scale (short form). The conceptual model of the present study was analyzed using path analysis method. The results indicated that the path coefficient of body discrepancy to experiential avoidance was not significant, but the path coefficient of body discrepancy to appearance fixation was significant. Furthermore, the path coefficient of self -compassion to body shame was significant. Also, indirect path of body discrepancy to body image maladaptive coping strategies through self-compassion and body shame was significant. Finding of this study is consistent with compassion focused therapy showed the role of shame and compassion as emotional aspect of body image disturbance.

Online games are one of a kind of Internet games that, due to increasing awareness of the people and especially young people with the Internet, increasing the speed of the Internet and the availability of mobile Internet through smartphones, especially among boys, it has become so sweeping. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between family emotional atmosphere and mental health with addiction to online game. This study is descriptive correlational. The population consisted of all bachelor student of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2013-2014 academic year. The research sample consisted of 192 student of who were selected using multi stage cluster sampling. To collect data, online game addiction (OGA) scale & the family's emotional atmosphere (FEA) scale and mental health (GHQ) scale were used. Ethical Considerations: This study with research ethics code 94228369 was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran. The results show that there is a positive and significant correlation between the emotional atmosphere of the family and online addiction (p <0. 01), and the overall score of mental health and addiction to online games (p <0. 01). Also, the results of regression analysis indicated that the family's emotional atmosphere could predict 0.30 variance of online addiction. The results of this study, while confirming the relationship between addiction to online games with mental health, emphasize the importance of the family environment in increasing the extent of addiction to the game.

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the effect of emotion-focused therapy on emotional regulation styles and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in women with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).
Methods The present study has a quasi-experimental design with pre-test-post-test and control group with follow-up. The statistical population included all women with OCD referring to clinics and counseling centers of Ahvaz City, Iran. In order to select the eligible samples, 30 women were recruited from the patients referred to the treatment centers by convenience sampling method, but some of them were excluded due to discontinuation of treatment sessions. Finally, a sample of 24 patients were evaluated in experimental group (12 subjects) and control group (12 subjects). To collect data, we used the Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale and affective styles questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using covariance analysis in SPSS V. 22.
Results Multivariate ANOVA test results showed that there was significant difference between test and study groups in terms of concealing style (10.0≥P, 07.7=F) and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (100.0≥P, 84.02=F) after intervention. Moreover, between female patients in both group, a significant difference was found with respect to concealing style (50.0≥P, 06.2=F) and severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms (100.0≥P, 99.92=F) during follow-up period.
Conclusion Based on the results, emotion-focused therapy is an effective treatment to reduce the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with OCD

the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Internalized Shame, Safety Behaviors and Cognitive Avoidance Strategies with Multidimensional Social Anxiety in students of medical science faculty. By a correlational design among statistical population including all students of Abadan medical science faculty, a total sample of 285 students (176 female and 109 male) were selected by available sampling method, and asked to complete 4 instruments of 1- Internalized Shame scale, 2- Subtle Avoidance and Safety Behaviors Inventory,3- Cognitive Avoidance Coping Style scale and 4- Multidimensional Assessment of Social Anxiety Inventory. Data was analyzed by a Canonical Correlation method. The final results showed significant  canonical correlation betweenshame, safety behaviors and cognitive avoidance strategies with social anxiety. About 84 percent of variance components of social anxiety dimensions was explained by predictor variables. It was concluded that internalized shame, safety behaviors and cognitive avoidance strategies are associated to social anxiety dimensions. Relavant interventions on shame, safety behaviors and cognitive avoidance strategies in students of medical science is recommended.

Intoduction: The desire of having a child is one of the most important functions of family and is also a base for human survival. Infertility is considered as a failure that is accompanied by physical and psychological tensions in family and society as well. Different psychological methods have been already utilized to help infertile people. The holistic-oriented psychological intervention (HPI) is a new therapeutic plan with bio-psycho-social pattern that has been designed according to psychological problems and needs of infertile people. After determining tension factors this therapeutic plan chooses techniques with high effectiveness rate in solving the mentioned problems, using eclectic techniques. The aim of present study is to examine the effectiveness of HPT on psychological health and fertility rate in women with unexplainable infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment (IVF). The design of this study was a quasi- experimental one with pretest-posttest of experimental and control group. Thirty infertile women, undergoing IVF treatment, were selected, using available sampling. The sample was selected from among patients who referred to Moatazedi Infertility Center, Kermanshah, Iran. They completed two subscales of three subscales of DASS-21 scale who got the above average score. They were randomly assigned to two groups (each group 15 subjects). The experimental group was treated by the holistic-oriented psychological intervention for 11 sessions of 120-minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. Participants completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale before and after intervention and after one month later. The pregnancy rate was measured in two groups based on the β-HCG test result. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 21). The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that depression, anxiety and stress levels in the experimental group (p = 0.0001), significantly decreased in posttest group after holistic-oriented psychological intervention and this effect was observed and lasted in the one month follow up (p = 0.0001). The pregnancy rate in the experimental group was 46.7% and in the control group was 13.3% which were statistically significant (p <0.05). The results of this study showed that the holistic-oriented psychological intervention is effective in decreasing anxiety, depression and stress and increasing the psychological health and pregnancy rate of women with unexplainable infertility under In-Vitro Fertilization treatment.

Aim: The aim of the current study was the determination of the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in comparison with psycho-education, on the fear of childbirth and its related variables.
Method was quasi-experimental and the statistical population of nulliparous women from Ahvaz was 8000. Among them 54 women who had the entrance criteria for being considered in the research were selected. Selection was based on participants’ availability and they were randomly assigned to three groups of 18 women. Research tools were Wijma, Wijma and Zar’s Delivery Expectancy Questionnaire (1998) McCracken and Dhingra’s Pain Anxiety Symptoms (2002), Lowe’s Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory (1993), also nine sessions of 90-minute of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Niminen (2016) and six sessions of 90-minute of psycho-education (Rouhi, Salmela‐Aro, Toivanen, Tokola, Halmesmäki & Saisto, 2013) for two times a week. After removing eight persons due to their absentees in two-thirds of sessions, the data of 46 persons were analyzed by the use of covariance method and comparison of two independent ratios.
Result revealed that Cognitive Behavioural Therapy decreases the fear of childbirth (F= 70.64, P= 0.001), fear of pain (F= 4.25, P= 0.02) and increases the tendency to natural childbirth (Z= 3.12, P= 0.002) and self-efficacy of childbirth (F=108.73, P= 0.001) and its effectiveness on these variables is more than psych education. Psych education only led to the increase of self-efficacy of childbirth (F=108.73, P= 0.001) and a decrease of fear of childbirth (F= 70.64, P= 0.01). The difference in the final frequency of natural childbirth in the experimental group with the control group (Z= 1.56, P= 0.1) and psych education (Z= 0.7, P= 0.4) group was not significant.
Since Cognitive Behavioural Therapy uses behavioural strategies and targets the irrational thoughts of women toward natural childbirth, it leads to the decrease of fear of childbirth and more effective than psychological training in the aforementioned fields.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the most common, debilitating, and most severe disorders. In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders (DSM5) , this disorder is separated from other anxiety disorders and is one of several disorders that its prominent features Obsessive-compulsive recurring behaviors. Because of the diversity in the behavioral phenotypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder, the extraction of a psychological pattern of the disorder that explains its phenomenological characteristics is very difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between alexithymia, anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the mediating role of difficulties in emotion regulation strategies. A total of 445 students (269 girls and 160 boys) from the universities of Sanandaj participated in this research. Participants were asked to complete the Persian version the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Anxiety Sensitivity Scale (ASI-R), the Distress Tolerance Questionnaire (DTS), Vancouver's obsessive-compulsive scale and the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). The reliability of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale was verified in a 67 samples in two weeks with a 4-week period of 0.80.87% for general and sub-scales. The psychometric properties of anxiety sensitivity, internal consistency and validity scale were verified. The reliability of the Iranian sample was reported to be 0.93 and 0.95, based on two methods of internal consistency and Test-Retest. In the questionnaire of distress tolerance. Based on the data, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of this questionnaire was 0.67 and the reliability coefficient was 0.81 for the total scale and 0.81 for tolerance, absorption, evaluation and adjustment subscales respectively 0.71, 0.69, 0.77, and 0.73. Correlation coefficient of Vancouver's obsessive-compulsive scales with Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale was 0.59 and with Maudsley's obsessive-compulsory questionnaire was 0.81. The reliability of Cronbach's alpha coefficient for Contamination was 0.85, the Obsessions 0.87, Hoarding 0.81, Just Right 76% and Indecisiveness 0.77 have been reported. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale has an internal consistency 0.93. Cronbach's alpha was 0.92 reported. SPSS18 and LaserL software were used to analyze the data. The results of correlation test showed that Alexithymia with anxiety sensitivity (R=0.55, P=0.01), difficulties in emotion regulation strategies (R=0.64, P=0.01) and compulsive obsessive symptoms (R=0.70, P=0.01) had a meaningful and significant relationship with distress tolerance (R=0.55, P=0.01). Also, anxiety sensitivity with difficulties in emotion regulation strategies (R=0.66, P=0.01) and compulsive obsessive compulsive symptoms (R=0.62, P=0.01) had a significant direct correlation with distress tolerance (R=0.68, P=0.01) has a significant negative relationship. There was a significant negative correlation between distress tolerance and difficulties in emotion regulation strategies (R=0.59, P=0.01) and compulsive obsessive symptoms (R=0.55, P=0.01). On the other hand, difficulties in emotion regulation strategies with compulsive obsessive-compulsive symptoms (R=0.66, P=0.01) have a significant positive relationship. Path analysis showed that difficulties in emotion regulation strategies did not play a significant mediating role on the relationship between alexithymia, anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Based on the findings of the present study, we can conclude that the direct correlation between emotional regulation, alexithymia, anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance with compulsive obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Mediating role on the difficulties in emotion regulation did not see in the relationship between alexithymia, anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance with symptoms Obsessive-compulsive mediation. Based on the findings of the present research findings, in the theoretical level confirms the relationship between emotional regulation, alexithymia, anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance with compulsive obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and adds to the results of previous research. At the practical level, the emotional relationship regulation, alexithymia, anxiety sensitivity and distress tolerance with compulsive obsessive-compulsive symptoms, highlights the need to train the emotional self-regulation skills and increase emotional awareness in the general population as well as in the clinical community.

Objectives Test anxiety is the most important problem among students around the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between behavioral procrastination, decisional procrastination and cognitive avoidance with subscales test anxiety in students of the Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
Methods This survey study is correlation in form. A sample of 200 students was selected by multi- stage cluster sampling method. General procrastination scale, decisional procrastination scale, cognitive avoidance questionnaire and Fried-Ben test anxiety were used to collect data. In order to analyze data, canonical correlation and multiple regression methods were used. Data analysis was carried out using the SPSS-17 software.
Results The canonical analysis showed that the linear combinations of predictor variables were correlated with linear combinations of dependent variables. Regression analysis showed that procrastination behavioral and procrastination decisional significantly predicted social derogation (β=0.238, PConclusion It is argued that universities should pay more attention to the factors that play significant roles in decreasing procrastination and decreasing cognitive avoidance. This is more likely to reduce test anxiety among graduate students.