ثمینه بهادری جهرمی

Child marriage is a socio-cultural phenomenon that affects girls' lives in some parts of the country, leading to many personal and social problems and damages. The aim of this research is to explore the lived experiences of child brides based on marital quality. The present research was conducted qualitatively, focusing on the lived experiences of women who have undergone this phenomenon. The study involved women aged 18 to 39 who were married for the first time before the age of 18. Sampling was done purposefully using the bullet method. The interview texts were analyzed using the theoretical coding method. The research findings, derived from the interviews, include causal conditions such as gender stereotypes, lack of spouse choice, and lack of knowledge. The category of marital powerlessness emerged as the main phenomenon. The results show that marriage at a young age causes women to face powerlessness in the personal and interactive aspects of marital relationships. Their responses to the problem of powerlessness manifest as concealment, divorce, adaptation, and forced silence. Consequences of this include marital boredom, dissatisfaction with life, frustration, social isolation, and emotional divorce.

The society attaches special importance to giving birth and raising children; to regulate this, it uses incentives and punishments. However, the importance of procreation is not limited to the social level; rather, at the level of wisdom, that is, the family, having children also has a fundamental place. The desire to have a child is naturally embedded in the human body. Several factors influence parents' intention to have children. Having a child is considered a natural part of adult life and includes raising children, sharing life with them, and accepting responsibility for their happiness and well-being. Individual motives for having children are related to family, emotional, and social goals, and factors such as socio-cultural, structural, and background conditions affect decision-making in this regard. These factors are closely related to social beliefs and values about having children, the number of children, and individual acceptance of cultural norms and values. In Iranian society, children are traditionally considered divine gifts and their presence seems normal and desirable, while their absence requires an explanation. The desire to have a child is naturally embedded in the human body. Several factors influence parents' intention to have children. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to explain the effects of dissatisfaction with life on the reduction of childbearing in Iranian society and family.

The current research was conducted with a combined method, the research has two statistical associations. The statistical population of the qualitative part is the people who were referred to the health-treatment centers of Fars province in 2022 and the statistical population of the quantitative part is all the couples between 20 and 45 years of age in Fars province with the Cochran formula and through multi-stage cluster sampling. The statistical sample of the qualitative section referring to health-treatment centers was also selected using the available sample method. Data collection was done in the quantitative part through questionnaires and in the qualitative part through in-depth interviews. Quantitative data analysis was done in the questionnaire section using SPSS version 23 software, and in-depth interviews were conducted in the (qualitative) section through content analysis and coding methods.

According to the significance value (sig) calculated between the two domains, which is equal to 0.000 and because this number is smaller than 0.05, therefore, there is a significant difference between the two variables of dissatisfaction with life and the reduction of childbearing in the society and families of the city. There is a significant relationship with Shiraz. Also, according to the intensity of our obtained correlation, which is equal to 0.140, therefore, there is a positive correlation, with a weak intensity and with a direct direction, between the two variables of dissatisfaction with life and the reduction of childbearing in society and families of Shiraz city; In this way, the higher the dissatisfaction with life among the couples, the lower the number of children will increase. Accordingly, the fourth hypothesis of the research is confirmed. The variable of dissatisfaction with life was able to predict the reduction of childbearing in Shiraz City with a determination coefficient of 0.019%. In other words, the variable of dissatisfaction with life has been able to explain 0.019% of the changes related to the reduction of childbearing in Shiraz city.

The results of the survey showed that the higher the dissatisfaction with life in couples, the lower the number of children in society. In today's society, many factors such as economic, social, and psychological pressures can fuel dissatisfaction with life. When people feel that their lives are not of good quality or that they cannot meet their needs, likely, their decisions about having children will likely also be affected. Declining childbearing may be due to concerns about meeting the needs of the child, lack of adequate social support, or fear of reducing one's quality of life. Although this relationship is weak, it is worth pondering because it shows that policymakers and planners should pay special attention to improving people's quality of life and increasing their satisfaction. Supporting measures such as creating job opportunities, reducing living costs, increasing access to health and welfare services, and strengthening the sense of social security can be effective in reducing people's dissatisfaction and, as a result, increasing the desire to have children. On the other hand, these findings emphasize the importance of family planning and providing psychological counseling to couples. If couples have the necessary support and can feel more satisfied with their lives, their attitudes towards childbearing will probably change. This issue is also related to cultural and social policies that should try to strengthen positive values about family and childbearing. Finally, this research shows that dissatisfaction with life is not only an individual issue but can have broad demographic and social consequences. By understanding this relationship and addressing the factors affecting it, it is possible to prevent the declining process of having children in society and help to strengthen the foundation of families. The increase in dissatisfaction with life among couples is simultaneously associated with a decrease in the desire to have children. This issue can refer to complex conditions in which factors such as economic problems, social pressures, and psychological concerns play a prominent role. Couples who are not satisfied with their quality of life usually have more negative views about the future. These concerns may include not being able to provide for the needs of children, not having enough support from society, or feeling pressured to fulfill parental responsibilities. In such a situation, they prefer to avoid long-term decisions such as having children as much as possible.

Governance in every society is inextricably linked with the moral system and values ​​of the society. The purpose of this research is to present the components of good governance based on social capital.               

The current research is one of the qualitative types of research that was conducted with the foundation's data approach. The statistical community of this research included experts in the field of management and social sciences, 15 of whom were selected as a sample using the snowball method. Data collection tool, semi-structured interview and data analysis were done using three stages of coding.

In coding, main and secondary categories were extracted from the interview data. The central phenomenon included two categories of good governance based on social capital and human capital. Causal conditions have three main categories of environmental factors, policy factors and structural factors, background conditions which include two categories of organizational factors and educational factors, strategies have two categories of management and leadership and the category of social communication, and finally the consequences have four categories of development. and improving the status of South Pars, organizational development, increasing social capital and improving accountability and increasing social responsibility of South Pars.

The results show that the function of good governance based on social capital by discovering facts is a supplement for productivity in South Pars Company.

The current research aimed to identify the components of empowerment of working women heads of households in the geographical area of Ilam province with a regional approach. In this regard, through in-depth interviews with women heads of households and distribution of questionnaires among them in Ilam province, in order to reconstruct the meaning of various qualitative and quantitative aspects of empowerment strategies for working women heads of households in Ilam province and the factors and conditions related to them, including harm The science of this issue has been; In other words, the goal is to understand the whole social life of this group of women. This study was conducted based on the qualitative and exploratory method among the statistical population of women working as supervisors. The coding method with MAXQUDA software was also used for data analysis. The findings showed 81 subcategories and 11 central categories including (feeling of no need, suffering, forced to stay at home, obligation to work, ups and downs of loan, cost of distance, fear of failure, gradual physical-psychological exhaustion, rejection and marginalization, redefinition There is the position of femininity and support for survival) for the empowerment of working women heads of households, which attention can lead to the improvement of their quality of life by emphasizing the regional capacities of Ilam province.

Child marriage is a socio-cultural phenomenon that affects the lives of girls in some parts of the country and leads to many personal and social problems and damages. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the marital experiences of children in marriage in women living in Shiraz city in Fars province. Purposive sampling was done through snowball method with 10 women in-depth interviews. The text of the interviews was analyzed using theoretical coding method. The findings of the research, which are the results of interviews, include causal conditions (gender stereotypes, lack of choice of spouse, lack of awareness), background conditions (lack of sexual readiness, passive agency) and intervention conditions (emotional entanglement, role weakness, interaction tension generator) that the category of marital impotence emerged as the main phenomenon. The results show that marrying at a young age makes women face powerlessness in the personal and interactive field of marital relations. Their action against the problem of powerlessness occurs in the form of concealment, divorce, adaptation and forced silence. Among its consequences, we can mention marital boredom, dissatisfaction with life, frustration, social isolation and emotional divorce.

The purpose of this research is to present the components of Kamrani based on social capital with a qualitative approach based on the theory of ground theory. The statistical community of this research includes experts in the field of management and social sciences and 15 people were selected as a sample using the snowball method. Data collection tool, semi-structured interview and data analysis method, content analysis was done using three stages of coding. In this regard, the main and secondary categories were extracted from the interview data. According to the concept of governance based on social capital, it was presented in the form of causal, central, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences. Causal conditions have three main categories of environmental factors, policy-making factors and structural factors, the central phenomenon includes two categories of governance based on social capital and human capital, background conditions which include two categories of organizational factors and educational factors, strategies have two categories of management and Leadership and the category of social communication and finally the results with four categories of development and promotion of the position of South Pars, organizational development, increase of social capital and improvement of accountability and increase of social responsibility of South Pars were obtained. The results show that the function of governance based on social capital by discovering facts is a supplement for productivity in South Pars Company. Key words: governance, social capital, South Pars, foundation data theory.

Background &

Society attaches special importance to giving birth to children and raising them. For this reason, it creates incentives and punishments to regulate this matter; despite this, the importance of birth does not end only at the level of society; at the micro level, i.e. family, having children is of fundamental importance for parents. Although the desire to have children is naturally placed in the human body. One of the issues that has received attention in these years is the reduction of childbearing. The decrease in having children in cities is significant. The purpose of this research was to explain the effects of socioeconomic status on the reduction of childbearing in Iranian society and family.

The present research has been conducted with a combined method. The research has two statistical associations. The statistical population of the qualitative part is the people who visited the health centers of Fars province in 1401, and the statistical population of the quantitative part is all couples between the ages of 20 and 45 in Fars province, the statistical population of the quantitative part is based on Cochran's formula and through cluster sampling. Multi-stages have been selected and the statistical sample of the qualitative section referring to health-treatment centers was also selected using the available sample method. Data collection was done in the quantitative part through questionnaires and in the qualitative part through in-depth interviews. In this research, the thematic analysis method is used to analyze the qualitative interview data, and descriptive statistics and inferential statistics are used to analyze the quantitative data. Considering that two types of data will be used in this research, data analysis will be used at both qualitative and quantitative levels. Quantitative data analysis was done in the questionnaire section using SPSS version 23 software, and in-depth interviews were conducted in the (qualitative) section through content analysis and coding methods.

According to the significant value (sig) calculated between the two domains, which is equal to 0.000, and because this number is smaller than 0.05, therefore, there is a relationship between the two variables of socio-economic status and the reduction of childbearing in the society. There is a meaning. Also, according to the intensity of our obtained correlation, which is equal to 0.128, therefore, there is a negative correlation, with a weak intensity and with the opposite direction, between the two variables of economic-social status and the reduction of childbearing in the society; In this way, the more the socio-economic status of the people in the society declines, the decrease in childbearing in the society also increases. Based on this, the second hypothesis of the research is confirmed. The value of dispersion indices of the economic-social status variable is a Mean value: of 20.9025, Standard deviation value: of 3.30003, Variance value: 10.890, and Range of changes value: 19.00.

The results show that among people, values and attitudes, gender equality, socioeconomic status, religion, attitudes of ethnic groups, dissatisfaction with life, the ambiguity of the future situation, educational changes, and the living experience of families. They have Keywords Socio-Economic Status, Childbearing, Society, Family Received: 15/05/2023 Published: 22/07/202 ID247 http://rjms.iums.ac.irمجله علوم پزشکی رازی دوره ،30شماره ،4تیر 1402 Talebi M., et al. played a role in the act of having children and have reduced the possibility of having children. In the end, even though people are facing various risks and issues, they still have children because of their love and affection for the child and the survival of the generation. However, in the two ways of the dangers of childbearing and interest in children, they adopt the third way: reducing fertility. Traditional values and norms, contrary to the values of individualism, which have been increasing, have experienced a decreasing and decreasing trend and have faded in society, and this issue has caused fertility to be in a transitional and challenging period. Although fertility is the result of the normative and intentional reproductive behavior of people, today's Iranian society has suffered a paradox, because this behavior is promoted and encouraged by the common values and norms of childbearing in the society on the one hand. On the other hand, it is surrounded by the external social system. Is. Today, the spread of modernity and the prevalence of traditionalist approaches are like a double-edged sword, on the one hand, it brings the process of development and evolution of social institutions, and on the other hand, it creates unfortunate consequences, such as a change in the attitude towards childbearing, which has led to the transformation of the family institution. The attitude towards having children in this research is the negative view of the interviewees towards children, who consider having many children not as a source of pleasure and benefit, but as a source of expense. The basis of this assessment is the opinions, beliefs, and accepted values of the person about the consequences of not having children. Of course, attitudes do not individually determine fertility behaviors, but environmental situations and conditions are also effective. In other words, the decrease in childbearing results from systematic convergence and adaptation to the current society's cultural, social, and economic conditions. Several factors can be considered effective in reducing fertility. Elements such as economic disturbances, the high cost of family formation, the increase in the marriage age of young people and as a result the delay in fertility, employment, and education of women, the weakening of family ties, cultural changes, the introduction of modernization elements, etc., according to the findings of the research. present and in line with the macro population policies of the country, which calls for intervention and policy-making to increase fertility above the replacement level, and in order not to repeat trial and error like what was done before to increase the number of births and stop the downward trend of policy fertility were implemented, on this basis, it is suggested that before any policy in this field, the set of indicators and components that determine fertility behavior should be scrutinized and closely monitored by planners.

This study aimed to predicting the academic performance based on academic vitality, achievement motivation and academic optimism in students. Present research was descriptive-analytical from type of correlation. The statistical research population was high school students of BandarAbbas in 2018-19 academic years. Research sample were 600 students (300 girl and 300 boy) who were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. To collect data used from the questionnaires of academic performance (Salehi, 2013), academic vitality (DehghaniZadeh & HoseinChari, 2012), achievement motivation (Hermans, 1970) and academic optimism (Beard & et al, 2010). Data were analyzed in SPSS-19 software by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression with enter model methods. The results of analysis showed that academic vitality, achievement motivation and academic optimism has a positive and significant relationship with academic performance of students. Also, the variables of academic vitality, achievement motivation and academic optimism significantly could explain 23 percent of variance of academic performance of students (P<0/01). Therefore, in order to improve academic performance of students it is recommended to increase their academic vitality, achievement motivation and academic optimism through workshops.

Oppositional defiant disorder is one of the most common disruptive behavioral disorders and people with this disorder are facing with problems in the field of mental well-being, alexithymia, and social competence. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of social skills training on subjective well-being, alexithymia, and social competence of children with oppositional defiant disorder.

This research was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test control group design. The research sample consisted of 40 children with oppositional defiant disorder who had been selected by convenience sampling from among those referring to the counseling centers of Qarchak city in 2017. They were assigned either to the experimental or the control group (20 children per group). The experimental group received social skills intervention in 8 sessions of 60 minutes during one month. Research tools included oppositional defiant disorder scale (Hommersen et al., 2006), subjective well-being questionnaire (Keyes & Magyar-Moe, 2003), Toronto alexithymia scale (Bagby & et al, 1994), and social competence questionnaire (Flener & et al, 1990). Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in all the three variables of subjective well-being, alexithymia, and social competence. In the other words, social skills training significantly led to the increase of subjective well-being and social competence and decrease of alexithymia in children with oppositional defiant disorder (P<0.01).

Considering the findings, it can be concluded that by improving the social relationships and problem solving, the social skills training can improve the psychological and social competence and decrease the alexithymia symptoms in children with oppositional defiant disorder.

This research aimed to investigate the effect of forgiveness training on mental health of mothers of children with behavioral disorder. The present study was an experimental research by pre-test, post-test design with control group. The study sample included 32 mothers of children with behavioral disorder who were selected by random sampling method from elementary schools of Tehran city and randomly assigned to experimental and control group (each consisted of 16 individuals). The experimental group participated in 8 forgiveness training sessions (two sessions weekly; each lasted for 60 minutes), while control group did not participate in these sessions. The research tool used in present study was Goldberg and Hiller's General Health Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multiple analysis of covariance through SPSS version 23. The findings of this research showed that there was significant decrease in mean scores of general health problems (somatic symptoms, anxiety, social dysfunction and depression) in experimental group after the intervention in comparison with control group (P

The aim of present study was to predict slow paced students’ life expectancy based on self-efficacy and affective, social and instructional compatibility. The research is considered as correlational type. The statistical population included all high school slow paced students (aged 15-18 years old) of Tehran city that from among them a total number of 90 student were selected using convenient sampling method. All of them completed the Miller Hope Scale (1988), Self-efficacy Questionnaire of Sinha & Sing (1993) and Compatibility Questionnaire of Sherer et al. (1982). Data were analyzed by stepwise regression analysis method. The findings showed that self-efficacy and general, affective, social and instructional compatibility have a significant and positive relation with life expectancy. Self-efficacy and general, affective, social and instructional compatibility predicted 45 percent of variance of life expectancy in slow paced students and self-efficacy had the most contribution in prediction of life expectancy. Paying attention to the variables such as self-efficacy and affective, social and instructional compatibility have crucial role in predicting life expectancy.

Aim: This study was aimed to effctiveness of social behaviors training on self-esteem and social skills of adolescents with intellectual disability in Mazandaran province.
In this semi-experimental study with pretest and posttest design with control group, were selected fourty girls adolescents with intellectual disablity of 14-18 years old through multi–stage cluster sampling method. Subjects allocated randomly to two groups (experimental and control) and each group consist of 20 individuals. Experimental group attended in social behaviors training in the 8 sessions lasting for 90 minutes, but control group did not. All the participants were assessed through Cooper Smith’s self-esteem and Matson’s social skills scales. Data were analyzed by MANCOVA test.
there was a significantly increase in the mean scores of self-esteem and subscales (self-esteem of self, social, familly & academic) and also social skills and subscales (appropreate social skills, asocial behaviors, impulsive & aggression, superiority & high self-confident and relation with peers) in adolescents with intellectual disability in experimental and control groups in the post interventional stage (P The results indicated that social behaviors training program lead to improve self-esteem, social skills and their subscules on adolescents with intellectual disability.

Moral intelligence means the ability to function based on moral values and principles that is composed of honesty, being responsible, compassion and forgiveness. For some individuals, following the moral principles in decision making related to matrimony and occupational life is an important factor, but for others it is not important. Also, of predisposing factors of extramarital relations we can mention individual, family and social factors. Interaction of three variables of cultural values, couple's self-presenting and strategies of solving conflicts are effective on matrimony satisfaction. This study was performed by the aim of predicting nurse's tendency to extramarital relations based on moral intelligence and related predisposing factors.
This study is a correlation-cross sectional research that was done on 130 nurses who worked in Ahvaz hospitals in 2015 which were selected by available method. In this study, all nurses of general sections who desired to cooperation were invited for participating in the study and after expressing study objectives they were asked to read and answer questionnaires accurately. Entry criteria to this study were nursing in general sections, matrimony, being woman and lack of stressful happenings such as divorce and death in past six months. Exiting criteria from study included un-satisfaction for cooperation and uncompleted questionnaire. In this study, in addition to demographic characteristics form of age and education, moral intelligence, loyalty pathology and tendency for extramarital relations questionnaires were used for data collecting. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistical indices and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regressions with step by step model using SPSS software version 19.
Moral intelligence questionnaire was designed by Lennick and Kiel. This tool has 40 items and four dimensions of honesty (10 items), being responsibility (10 items), compassion (10 items) and forgiveness (10 items) which was scored by five points scale of Likert (1= never to 5= always). Dimension scores were obtained from item's score summation of that dimension and general score of tools is obtained from items score summation and more score means more existence of that score. In present study, stability of honesty, responsibility, compassion and forgiveness dimension were computed with Cronbach Alpha method 0.90, 0.86, 0.71 and 0.77, respectively.
For measuring predisposing factors of marital relations, achieved questionnaire of loyalty pathology was used. In order to make this tool by Delphi method by 7 specialist persons and performing test in goal group, finally 33 items were extracted. As a result, this tool has 33 items and three dimensions of individual factors (9 items), family factor (13 items) and social factors (11 items) which was scored by using seven degree Likert scale (1= completely disagree to 7= completely agree). Dimensions scores were obtained through items score summation. Formal and content validity of this tool were confirmed by 7 persons of training science and psychological expert's stability of individual, social and family factor's dimensions were computed with Cronbach Alpha method 0.91, 0.84 and 0.86.
Questionnaire of tendency to extramarital relations was designed by Drigotas et al. This tool has 11 items which is scored by Likert five points Likert scale (1-completely disagree to 5= completely agree). Total score of this tool is obtained through summation of item's scores and more score means more desire for extramarital relations. Questionnaire stability in current study was computed by Cronbach Alpha method 0.91.
Ethical considerations: Questionnaires were completed without writing name and family name, by observing secrecy and after written testimonial by participators. Data collecting was done by the same sex participators.
Findings: All participators in this study were women and married and their mean and standard deviation age was 34.90±5.17. Most of participators were in age domain 34-37 years, and had master education 80 (34%). Among moral intelligence dimensions, honesty dimension (r=0.368, p≤0.037) and responsibility (r=0.295, p≤0.001) had a meaningful and negative relation with desire to participant's extramarital relations, but in forgiveness (r=0.113, p≤0.061) and compassion (r=0.083, p≤0.073) dimensions with desire to nurse's extramarital relations, a meaningful relation was not seen. Also, individual factors (r=0.456, p≤0.001) and family factors (r-0.327, p≤0.001) had a meaningful and positive relation with extramarital relations of nurses. In order to specify moral intelligence variables role and predisposing factors in extramarital relations in predicting desire to nurse's extramarital relations, multiple regression with step by step model was used. In first model, individual factors were entered to equation and correlation coefficient of this variable with desire to extramarital relations of nurses was 0.456. This variable could predict 20.7 percent of changes in desire to extramarital relations of nurses (R2=0.207). In second model, after individual factors and after honesty, family factors enter to equation and three variables of individual factors, moral intelligence and honesty dimension and family factors could predict 29.9 percent of changes in desire to extramarital relations of nurses (R2=0.299). Individual factors had the most powerful role in predicting desire to nurse's extramarital relations (β=0.534).
Findings showed that among moral intelligence dimension and predisposing factors of extramarital relations, honesty, individual factors and family factors had the ability of predicting desire to extramarital relations of nurses and individual factors were the most powerful variables in predicting desire to extramarital relations of nurses. As the result, it is suggested that authorities design and perform effective approaches such as holding training terms for reducing desire to extramarital relations of nurses and it is recommended to consulters and therapists that by presenting appropriate trainings, increase the honesty and responsibility rate in nurses; therefore, while women nurses considered concepts and moral principles in their daily interactions as a criteria for their relations and society and family attempt to reduce individual, family and social risky factors. Following the concepts and moral principles and reducing risk factors can provide a protection against desire to extramarital relations.

Aim: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of forgiveness skill training on marital conflict and aggression in parents of deaf children.
The present research was a quasi-experimental study by pre-test, post-test design with control group. Thirty parents of deaf children were selected by convenient sampling method from exceptional schools in Tehran city. They were divided into experimental and control group (each consists of 15 individuals) randomly and equally. The experimental group participated in forgiveness skill training in 8 sessions (two sessions weekly; each lasts for 70 minutes), while control group did not. Marital conflict questionnaire and aggression questionnaire were used for assessment of all participants. Data were analyzed by multiple analysis of covariance through SPSS version 22.
Findings showed that experimental and control groups had significant difference, at least in one of the marital conflict and aggression variables (P Findings indicated that forgiveness skill training has led to the reducing marital conflict and aggression in parents of deaf children. Therefore, planning for such training programs alike with the forgiveness training has an important role on reducing marital conflict and aggression in parents of deaf children.

This research aimed to investigate the predicting general health of adolescents based on perceived social support and social maturity. This study was a cross-sectional from type of correlation. The population of research included all adolescents’ students in high school second period of Varamin city in 2016-17 academic years. From them 350 person were selected by multistep cluster sampling method and all of them completed the questionnaires of general health (Goldberg and Hillier, 1979), perceived social support (Zimet and et al, 1988) and social maturity (Raol, 1973). Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with enter model methods. The findings showed perceived social support and social maturity had a positive and significant relationship with general health of adolescents. Also perceived social support and social maturity could predict 45/1 percent of variance of general health of adolescents that in this predicting the share of social maturity was higher than perceived social support (P<0/01). Regarded to results to improve the general health of adolescents increase the rate of perceived social support and social maturity of them. Also counselors, officials and planners must consider the symptoms of mentioned variables and design and implementation appropriate programs to improve the general health of adolescents.

This research aimed to investigate the role of job stress, religious orientation and social orientation in predicting of quality of life in social workers. This study was a cross-sectional from type of correlation. The population of research was included all social workers of Imam Khomeini aid committee of Razavi Khorasan province in 2017 year that from them 160 person were selected by cluster sampling method. All of them completed the questionnaires of job stress (Osipow, 1987), religious orientation (Allport & Ross, 1967), social orientation (Harrison, 2001) and quality of life (World Health Organization, 2004). Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with enter model methods. The results showed a negative and significant relationship between job stress with quality of life in social workers and a positive and significant relationship between internal religious orientation and social orientation with quality of life in social workers, but there wasn’t any significant relationship between external religious orientation with quality of life in social workers. Also the predicted variables significantly could predict 24/1 percent of variance of quality of life in social workers (P<0/05). Based the results it is suggest that counselors and therapists to improve the quality of life in social workers, the first decrease their job stress and then increase their internal religious orientation and social orientation.

This research aimed to investigate the association of social orientation and social responsibility with moral behavior in banks managers. This study was a descriptive analytical from type of correlation. The population of research included all banks managers of Varamin and Pishva city in 2016 year. From them 160 person were selected by simple random sampling method and all of them completed the questionnaires of social orientation (Harrison, 2001), social responsibility (Galavandi and et al, 2014) and moral behavior (Swanson and Hill, 1993). Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with stepwise model methods. The findings showed social orientation and social responsibility had a positive and significant relationship with moral behavior of banks managers. Also social orientation and social responsibility can predict 33/5 percent of variance of moral behavior of banks managers that in this prediction the share of social orientation was higher than social responsibility (P<0/01). Therefore it is suggest that to improve the moral behavior of banks managers increase the social orientation and social responsibility of them. Also suggest that officials and planners consider the symptoms of mentioned variables and design and implementation appropriate programs to improve the moral behavior of banks managers.

This research aimed to predicting of youth’ tendency to non-traditional criteria of mate selection based on factors of generation gap. This study was a cross-sectional from type of correlation. The statistical population of research included all youth of Jahrom city in 2016 year. From them 320 person were selected by multistep cluster sampling method and all of them completed the research-made valid and reliable questionnaires of non-traditional criteria of mate selection and generation gap. Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with enter model methods. The findings showed instrumental attitude to marriage, social freedoms and marriage through dating in cyberspace had a positive and significant relationship with non-traditional criteria of mate selection and marriage through dating in relatives and acquaintances had a negative and significant relationship with non-traditional criteria of mate selection, but marriage through dating in educational space hadn’t significant relation with non-traditional criteria of mate selection. Other findings showed factors of generation gap can predicted 28/8 percent of variance of youth’ tendency to non-traditional criteria of mate selection (P<0/05). Therefore suggest that planners to reduction the youth’ tendency to non-traditional criteria of mate selection design and implementation appropriate programs to decrease the instrumental attitude to marriage, social freedoms and marriage through dating in cyberspace and increase the marriage through dating in relatives and acquaintances.