جواد سرابادانی

In this study, the effect of conventional in-person education and in-person education based on videos and posters on the level of knowledge and satisfaction of students was compared in the course of clinical applications of laser in dentistry.

In this comparative applied study, 66 dental students were divided into two groups to take the course on clinical applications of lasers. The first group underwent conventional in-person education, and the second group underwent in-person education based on learning aids. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that the students completed after completing the course and included 15 questions in two fields, including knowledge level (9 questions) and satisfaction level (6 questions). The data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 24).  Independent sample T-test and chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Significance level was set at 0.05. 

The mean and standard deviation of the knowledge and satisfaction scores of the students who completed the course through conventional in-person education were 24.06 ± 6.8 (out of 36 scores) and 17.09 ± 5.15 (out of 24 scores), respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the knowledge and satisfaction scores of the students who had taken the in-person education based on learning aids were 24.56 ± 7.05 and 17.73 ± 5.1, respectively. Statistical analysis did not show a significant difference between the two study methods (P<0.05).

Teaching the course of the clinical applications of lasers was not significantly different between in-person education based on learning aids and conventional in-person education concerning the students' level of knowledge and satisfaction.

Knowledge has different definitions. One of the most important definitions of knowledge is organized and analyzed information that can be used for problem solving and decision making. According to this meaning of knowledge, sharing it in any organization will improve the affairs and also it will increase the efficiency of that organization. The main purpose of this study is to evaluation of Knowledge sharing in vice chancellor for education of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020 by census method. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire and they were analyzed using SPSS version 16. The Persian version of the questionnaire was used in previous studies.

In this study, the total number of completed questionnaires was 86, of which 54 were female and 32 were male. The mean age of these individuals was 40.5 ± 9.4 years and the mean work experience was 15.2 ± 8.7 years. Most of the participants had a master's degree and in the second place, they had a bachelor's degree. Most people were also formally employed. The mean total score of the questionnaire was 2.7 ± 0.5. The highest mean score was related to structural factors (2.77 ± 0.5), followed by technology factors (2.74 ± 0.7), followed by leadership factors and human factors (2.72 ± 0.6). The lowest score was related to cultural factors (2.67 ± 0.7).

This study showed the fact that many employees and even employees with higher positions do not have enough information about knowledge sharing and management, can have a negative impact on the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization in the long run.

From the beginning of history, the sacred profession of medicine has served human beings and therefore has a special spirituality and credibility. It is also described as a profession in different cultures and places, oaths and codes of ethics, duties and ethical values of physicians. Dentistry as a sub-branch of medicine is no exception. In recent decades, medical staff have been criticized for their lack of professionalism. In this study, we seek to explain practical strategies to improve the level of professionalism of dental students at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

 In this qualitative study, three sessions of the advisory group were formed. Participants included 21 professors from Mashhad Dental School who were expected to be able to add new points due to their experience and field of work. Professors were asked to attend the session. These sessions were held in small groups, meaning that first a general explanation of the history and concept of professionalism was given, and then the professors began to discuss and articulate problems along the way. Professionalism and practical strategies to promote it. The participants' speeches were recorded and after listening to them word for word several times, then the solutions were categorized based on similarities.

 In this study, many strategies for promoting professionalism were presented, which were classified based on their similarity. The most important of these strategies include: 1- Being a role model 2- Appropriate and continuous communication with students 3- Ethics 4- General policies about professors 5- Establishing a friendly relationship instead of a top-down relationship 6- Continuous evaluation and 7- Doctrine-related lessons.

The content of this study has largely covered various aspects of professionalism and has provided many solutions to reform the structure and promote professionalism.

In recent years, laser-assisted surgery has become commonplace in dentistry, especially in soft tissue surgeries. The present study aimed to investigate the complications and patient satisfaction after removing exophytic lesions by laser surgery.

A total of 12 patients requiring removal of peripheral exophytic lesions such as reactive hyperplasia and mucosal surgery were examined to participate in the present study.

This surgical procedure had the maximum patient satisfaction (84%) and almost all patients (91.7%) had no postoperative pain. After three weeks, the wound site healed in all patients, although a case of mucosal recurrence was observed in this study.

Laser surgery is quite successful due to the absence of pain, maximum patient satisfaction, and wound healing in all patients which is consistent with the results of previous studies, although this method requires a more complete evaluation.

The present study aimed to evaluate the use of Moodle Mobile educational software designed for iOS and Android operating systems by students for the course of oral and maxillofacial diseases and their satisfaction. 

This educational software was designed to display teachers' information and ways to communicate with them, in addition to displaying various educational data and conducting tests. A total of 46 students who had chosen the course were divided into two groups with Android and iOS operating systems. Finally, the usage rate of students and also their satisfaction with this software were evaluated by gender using a checklist. 

According to the results of this study the most used operating system was Android with a minimum and the maximum number of visits every 120 and 3 minutes, respectively. Girls used the phone almost 1.5 times (more than two hours a day) more than boys. The most use (80%) was only for social networks. The most educational use of the specialized field was half an hour. The average use of this software is about 80 minutes for girls and about 62 minutes for boys. Students' attention to display educational data was increased in the presence of the patient. The conditions for attending the department were mostly related to the display of educational data. Of the 34% who criticized the software, 50% were dissatisfied with the lack of slides. 

The software was well received by the dental students.

Academic burnout is a factor in reducing productivity And resilience is one of the strategies to deal with job stress and burnout. The aim of this study was to investigate the status of academic burnout and resilience and the relationship between them in dental school professors.

This descriptive-correlation study was conducted in 2015. 81 faculty members from the School of Dentistry of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected  by using a Modified Maslach Burnout Inventory for university professors, and Modified Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (MCD-RISC). Statistical tests such as t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation were applied to analyze. P-value <0.05 was considered significant.

The mean total score of academic burnout was 48.68 +- 14.99. In emotional exhaustion, Most faculty members were in the low class (n= 53), in the personal adequacy dimension were in the extreme category (n= 80) and in the depersonalization dimension were in the extreme category (n = 52). 79 faculty members (97.5%) had high resilience and 2.5% (2faculty members) had low resilience. There was invers correlation between resilience and academic burnout in the dimensions of emotional fatigue (r = -0.48) and metamorphosis (r = -0.36) and was direct correlation between dimension of personal adequacy and resilience (r = -0.67).

Resilience empowers a person to manage stress and prevent academic burnout. Training methods of self-care methods in psychological, physical, spiritual, emotional, communicative, and vocational dimensions, through workshops, conferences, scientific-mental support, specialization, and professional empowerment of professors, is essential.

Improving the quality of education is always one of the concerns of universities. It seems that by taking advantage of the visible and hidden capacities that exist in educational scholarship, a step can be taken in this direction. So far, scholarly activities and their necessity have not been given enough attention and perhaps.

 Studies show that neglect or dislike of this matter (educational scholarship), more than anything in the lack of complete familiarity of professors and managers in higher education with the capacities and advantages of this approach, so in this study we try It was explained how to formulate an educational research process and through this, a small step can be taken to meet this need.

 This study is presented in the form of concept, importance, goals, how to design, implement and develop the educational research process, challenges and obstacles in this regard and its management strategies. Developing a scholarly process requires at least a few steps of needs assessment, design and implementation of intervention, evaluation, dissemination and dissemination of the educational process.

Despite the importance of educational scholarship, it seems that this has not found its true place among faculty members. One of the reasons and challenges in this field is the culture and the inability to implement and compile the relevant process by those involved, which can be done by getting to know them and helping them.

Satisfaction survey plays an important role in the quality of dental treatment, reveals problems and shortcomings of dental services, and improves the level of oral health and treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the patients’ satisfaction with the services provided in the dental clinic of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, during the academic year 2015-2016.

This descriptive study was performed through the completion of questionnaires by 216 patients who were referred to the dental clinic of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, in 2015. The questionnaire consisted of two parts related to demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, level of education) of the participants and their level of satisfaction with medical services. The results were then analyzed descriptively using SPSS software (version 11.5).

The satisfaction rates obtained for making an appointment, duration of the waiting time for the admission, duration of the waiting time from the admission to the start of the treatment, the presence of the students, and the presence of the professors were determined at 38%, 30.6%, 41.2%, 60.5%, and 56.3%, respectively. In addition, the satisfaction rates of 65.9%,  57.2%, 65.9%, 78.2%, 61.4%, 82.8%, 93.4%, and 85.1% were obtained for the students’ behavior, the students’ ability in the treatment process, the preservation of the patients’ secrets,  the explanation of the treatment process to the patient, the explanation provided after the treatment stage, the welfare facilities of the clinic, the hygienic condition of the wards, and the expenses received, respectively.

In total, 65.9% of the patients were satisfied with the services provided in this center; however, 3.20%  expressed dissatisfaction with these services.

This study aimed to compare the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the technicians and their supervision of dental clinics in Mashhad.

In this study, the researchers examined 84 clinics and distributed the questionnaire among the technicians. The quality of the sterilization was evaluated by biological and chemical indicators and the results of the questionnaire. The biological and chemical indicators were placed inside the autoclave. The questionnaire investigated the incubation method, autoclave numbers, device performance monitoring method, indicator type, device temperature and pressure, and the number of times the device was turned on during the day, as well as the knowledge, attitude, and performance of the technicians. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 19).

Based on the findings, class B autoclaves were used in only 59% of the clinics. It was revealed that 7%, 26%, and 31% of the clinics applied biological testing, chemical testing, and physical methods to assess autoclave performance, respectively. The results of biological tests were positive in 20% of clinics, and 11.9% of chemical indicators did not show sufficient color change. It was also found out the knowledge, attitude, and performance scores were significantly higher in the dental technicians than those in the physician technicians.

According to the results of this study, it is recommended that the technicians of the dental department of public clinics be dentists as well. Public clinics should pay more attention to the quality of sterilization and infection control. The improvement of the technicians' knowledge will lead to better performance and consequently to an increase in the quality of sterilization and infection control.

Education in medical sciences also needs a fundamental change in order to improve the level of education by using modern teaching methods. Using videos during teaching makes students more alert and more motivated and focused on the subject. Since Mashhad University of Medical Sciences is one of the mother universities of the country and the center of educational technology and according to the listed advantages, a study was designed to design, implement educational topics in the form of videos and in the theory classroom for laboratory science students. To be displayed.

 44 laboratory science students were considered as the target group and participated in this scholarly study. The film was designed at the University Study Center and in the classroom, pre-test students consisting of 4 four-choice questions were first taken and the film was screened and then the test post was taken. At the end of the second session, a survey form consisting of 9 questions was given to the students and finally the test and survey results were analyzed with SPSS 21.

 The correct questions answered in the post-test were more than the pre-test, which was a significant level for the first question (p = 0.03) and the next three questions (p <0.001), respectively. Also, the number of wrong questions answered in the post-test was significantly reduced (p <0.001). Surprisingly, almost 80% of students expressed little or no interest in continuing this teaching process.

Despite the fact that the students' scores in the post-test were significantly better than the pre-test, but most students expressed little or no interest in continuing the teaching process using the film.

This study aimed to investigate Moodle mobile educational application, which can be run in Android and ios operating systems for improving knowledge regarding laser applications among the students of dentistry. A total of 59 subjects were selected from the dentistry students of first academic semester in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran who chose the course of practical oral diseases. The participants were divided into two groups. First, the pretest was conducted and the basic knowledge of the students regarding laser application in dentistry was evaluated. Next, Moodle mobile software was introduced during a half of a semester to the students of the test group and they learned how to work with it in a workshop held at the beginning of the semester. Afterwards, Moodle mobile was installed on their mobile phones. On the other hand, the participants in the control group were trained by booklet. In both groups, the knowledge of the students in terms of the application of laser in dentistry was evaluated pre- and post-intervention. All the data were analyzed by McNemar test, paired t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS software version 19 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). The mean scores of the students trained by the booklet changed from 7.3 pretest to 13.9 post-intervention, which was statistically significant (P<0.001). Furthermore, the mean scores of students trained by software increased from 7.8 pre-intervention to 16.6 post-intervention. The latter alteration was found to be statistically significant (P<0.001). The post-intervention mean scores in the software and booklet groups were 16.6 and 13.9, respectively. The difference between these mean scores was statistically significant (P<0.001). According to the results of this study, both software and booklet training methods elevated the knowledge of dentistry students concerning the application of lasers in dentistry. However, the educational software was revealed to be significantly more effective than the booklet.

To expedite the process of treatment, recovery of patients and prevention of medical adverse effects, dentists should be aware of prescription errors. This study aimed to investigate prescription behavior of dentists and common prescription errors by dentists in Razavi Khorasan Province.
In this study, 1108 prescriptions by dentists in Razavi Khorasan Province from Fenruary 2016 to July 2016, from Social Security and Therapeutic Services insurance organizations were evaluated. To collect data, a list was prepared, consisting of drug forms, drug names, drug doses, intervals of administration, route of administration, drug interferences and the number of items in each prescription. Furthermore, the lack of date, dentist’s signature or seal, and illegibility of the prescription were recorded in the error list of the prescription. Data were analyzed using chi-squared and Fisher’s exact tests.
Most errors were related to incorrect drug form (17.3%), incorrect route of administration (10.9%) and incorrect dose (10.4%). The mean number of medications prescribed per patient was 2.36. Antibiotics (50.7%) and antiinflammatory drugs (33.5%) were respectively the most commonly prescribed medications.
The results of the present study demonstrated that the performance of dentists in Razavi Khorasan Province was appropriate in terms of the number of drugs prescribed per patient; however, the number of prescribed antibiotics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs was higher than the reports in other countries. Given the high percentage of errors in prescriptions, it is highly recommended that the prescription behavior be included in the curricula of dentistry and be emphasized in continuous education programs for dentists.

The aim of this study was to evaluate educational curriculum in the community dentistry and oral health department of Mashhad dental school using the CIPP (Context-Input-Process-Product) model in 2013. In this cross - sectional study, data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire which was designed using CIPP Evaluation Model check List. Four domains including Context, Input, Process and Product of educational curriculum at the community dentistry and oral health department of Mashhad dental school were evaluated based on the viewpoints of its staff and students who had passed the related practical course. The sum of acquired scores was computed separately in each domain. The scores were categorized in 0-50 as unfavorable, 51-70 as partly favorable, and 71-100 as favorable. For comparison of mean scores of three groups of students who had passed practical community dentistry courses 1, 2 or 3, ANOVA statistical test was used. Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison of mean scores of staff and students in each domain. There were no significant differences in mean scores of domains of Context (P=0.91), Process (P=0.11), and Product (P=0.3) among students who had passed practical community dentistry courses 1, 2 or 3. However, a significant difference in Input domain was found among students (P=0.009). In Context (P<0.001), and Process (P=0.001) domains, there was a significant difference between staff and students’ scores. However, no significant difference was observed in the Product domain. In domain of Input, there was a significant difference between staff and students of practical community dentistry course 1 (P=0.03). From students’ view point, Context, Input, and Process domains of Community dentistry and oral health department of Mashhad dental school educational curriculum were partly favorable and Product domain was unfavorable. From staff view point, Context domain was favorable whereas Input, Process and Product domains were partly favorable.

Chemical gas, especially sulfate mustard (SM) was used against Iranian forces repeatedly during the Iraq war. Gas effects on various tissues within the body depend on amount and duration of exposure. According to the prevalence of oral lesions, this study was conducted in Zahedan city on the chemical warfare. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 70 patients. After obtaining the patient's consent form, a demographic questionnaire was completed by patients and the patients were examined. If there was soft tissue lesions, the cases were examined more closely. All data were collected on special forms and statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS computer program. Among the 82 patients, 52 patients were with oral lesions and 18 patients were with healthy oral mucosa. The most common oral lesions seen in the study were pigmentation (52.8 %), ulcer (42.8%) and bleeding and gingival enlargement (34.2 %) and white lesions [picking (28.5 %) and Peel off (22.8 %)], respectively. The most common lesion sites were in the gums and tongue. Many patients referring were not informed of the lesions in their mouth and this problem emphasizes that the periodic oral examinations are required by specialists.

Mustard gas or sulfur mustard (SM) is one of the most important alkylating chemical warfare agents that was widely used the world war I and in the Iran-Iraq war It acts as an alkylating agent with long-term toxic effects on skin, eyes, respiratory system, bone marrow tissues, and the mucosal cells of the gastrointestinal tract resulting in several early and long-term effects on human health, many of them cannot be defined clinically or pathologically. regarding the fact that no study has been performed on dental therapeutic needs of these patients in Iran, this study was conducted to determine the frequency of oral soft tissue lesions of toxic veterans referred to medical toxicology Center of Imam Reza hospital to oral medicine department, Mashhad Dental School of Mashhad University. The aim of this study was to determine the dental conditions and therapeutic needs in sulfur mustard veterans which referred from Medical Toxicology Research Center (MTRC) to Mashhad Dental School in 2009. Methods &Material: This is a descriptive (cross-sectional) study. Following coordination and obtaining the informed consent, the veterans of Khorassan Razavi with delayed complications of sulfur mustard (SM) poisoning were referred from MTRC of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences to oral medicine clinic of Mashhad faculty of dentistry. The teeth of the patients were examined by an oral medicine specialist using dental mirror and other required tools. The information obtained by WHO Questionnaire. The collected data were as follow: Demography information, abnormalities of teeth and oral cavity and the dental therapeutic needs. The statistical analysis was performed bySPSS (version11.5Using appropriate statistical tests. This study was carried out on 40 male SM veterans with a mean age of 50.7 years (minimum 39 and maximum 71 years) the patients had oral soft tissue lesions and were edentulous.. Majority (75%) of patients need to be treated dentally, including oral hygiene instruction (60%), fixed prosthetic (40%), root canal therapy (12.5%), tooth extraction (12.5), restorative treatment)5.25%(and follow up for denture adjacent(5.0%).The most common therapeutic needs were OHI and partial or fixed prosthesis. Most patients needed oral hygiene instruction and treatment for the oral lesions. It is thus recommend considering routine oral dental examination and treatment at regular intervals for the patients with delayed complications of SM poisoning.

Proper and prompt diagnosis of oral mucosal diseases improves their prognosis level and therapy, but unfortunately these lesions are often misdiagnosed because of their clinical features resemblance. General dentists are important in early diagnosis and treatment of common oral diseases, therefore assessing their knowledge and practice is crucial. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge and skill of general dentists toward common oral lesions in Khorasan Razavi Province. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 260 dentists using an illustrated questionnaire. Knowledge and diagnostic skill of oral diseases were assessed and the responses were analyzed by SPSS software. Of the 260 dentists surveyed, 257 responded. The mean knowledge score of the dentists working in the city of Mashhad and other cities was 3.03 and 2.94; and the average of diagnostic skill was 2.024 and 1.97, respectively. There was no significant difference between two groups regarding knowledge score but the difference was significant in diagnostic skill. General dentists working in the city of Mashhad had better results in diagnostic skill significantly. Considering the overall low diagnostic skill score, it is recommended to schedule more workshops toward common oral diseases for general dentists.

Physicians should have reasonable information about diagnosis and treatment of oral disease, because in addition to dentists, they are involved with diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases. According to Osler research in medical studies, importantce of oral health has been neglected and it is just considered in clinical examination. One of the dentistry post graduation fields which is in close relation to teaching and practice with medical science is oral medicine and could be a reliable source to cooperation of medical and dental societies. The aim of this study is the explanation of necessity of oral medicine course in general medical students training curriculums'. In this cross-sectional comparative study knowledge and diagnostic skills of 140 dental students and medical interns of Mashhad Medical University were assessed. Data gathering tools in this research was an illustrated questionnair. The average age of subjects was 25/41. Of 140 subjects, the least score of knowledge was1/25 and the maximum score was 3/75. The least score in diagnostic skill was 0.36and the maximum score was 4. Among Dental students, the average of knowledge score was: 3/18 and the average of diagnostic skill score was: 2/94. There was no significant relationship between age/gender of the two groups, and also there was no relation of this parameter with knowledge and diagnostic skill score. Among medical students, the average of diagnostic skill score was: 1/73 and the average of knowledge score was: 3/05. There was no significant difference between the two group regarding knowledge score but the difference was significant in diagnostic skill, dental student had better results in diagnostic skill significantly. Knowledge and diagnostic skill were lower than acceptable rate so it is recommended to add oral medicine course to medical educational curriculum. Education developing of this field for all clinicians who involved with oral disease is recommended.

Most of Medical emergencies which take place in dental offices could be life-threatening. Thus, patient's preoperative examination and use of pain and anxiety controlling techniques can reduce these events. In this regard, the knowledge about these medical emergencies is of great importance and all of the dental staff should have sufficient knowledge in diagnosing and the way to manage them. This study aims to evaluate knowledge of dental specialists in diagnosis and treatment of medical emergencies. In this descriptive-analytical study, knowledge of dental specialists about common medical emergencies in dental offices, was assessed during 2009-2010. For this purpose, a questionnaire was designed and its reliability and validity was standardized. Forty-eight office-owner dental specialists answered the questionnaire and the recorded data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, student-t test, one-way ANOVA and Mann-Whitney through SPSS software. In this study, knowledge level of 54.2% of dental specialists was revealed to be good, 31.3% moderate and 14.6% was poor. The mean score did not show any significant difference in both sexes (P=0.124). Correlation between knowledge and age was negative which indicates that the rate of knowledge decreases in proportion to age, although this was not statistically significant (P=0.510). The result of this study revealed that the knowledge of dental specialists about diagnosis and management of dental emergencies did not prove to be satisfactory. Therefore, we suggest that more attention should be paid to this issue during postgraduate and general courses. In addition, educational courses for the dentists about approaches to medical emergencies in dental offices results in better knowledge of dentists towards these incidents.

Hematologic deficiency appears to be an etiologic factor in some patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). The aim of this study was to investigate serum Iron Zinc and Ferritin levels in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis referring to oral medicine department of Zahedan dental school. In this cross sectional analytical study 30 individuals with aphthous lesions 17 female and 13 male (case group) and 30 subjects without aphthous lesions 17 female and 13 male (control group) were selected. All of patients referring to Oral Medicine Department of Zahedan Dental Faculty examined by Oral Medicine Specialist and diagnosis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis were conducted based on clinical criteria including round and symmetrical ulcers that covered by a yellowish white removable membrane and are less than 1 cm in diameter and heal without scarring and encircled by an erythematous halo. 10 cc blood samples were taken from all the individuals and Iron Zinc and Ferritin levels of them were measured. For statistical analysis we used Student t-test (P0.05). According to the results serum Iron Zinc and Ferritin was not significantly different between the patient and control groups (P>0.05).