حسن صادقی نایینی

The safety harness is a critical device for preventing falls from height, particularly in the construction industry. This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the non-use of safety harnesses during work at height and to evaluate the comfort, satisfaction, and usability of these harnesses among construction workers in Tehran using a custom-designed tool.

A semi-structured interview was conducted with construction workers to identify the factors influencing the non-use of safety harnesses. The collected data were analyzed using MAXQDA 10 software. Based on the results, which revealed dissatisfaction with the current safety harnesses, the levels of comfort, satisfaction, and usability were assessed using the Safety Harness Usability and Comfort Assessment Tool (SHUCAT) questionnaire.

The reasons for not using safety harnesses were categorized into four main groups: management factors, worker attitudes, comfort, and harness design. These were further subdivided into 27 subgroups. The average satisfaction and comfort scores for safety harnesses were 26.8 ± 6.25, indicating that workers generally felt uncomfortable and dissatisfied with their harnesses. The average usability score was 38.70 ± 5.60, reflecting poor usability of the harnesses.

Improving the safety harness design could enhance workers’ comfort and satisfaction, increasing their willingness to use the equipment. Incorporating feedback from users and experts into the design process can help address the identified shortcomings and result in better product development.

This study examines the impact of urban products on enhancing individuals' connection to their cities and strengthening social bonds among residents. To this end, a thorough review of the EMERALD, WOS, and EBSCO academic databases was conducted, focusing on documents published from 2013 to November 2022. Out of an initial 1532 articles, 14 key articles were selected for final review after several stages of evaluation. The findings showed that urban products play a significant role in increasing citizens' sense of belonging to their cities and positively influencing their quality of life and satisfaction levels. This research provides insights for urban policy-making, planning, and branding processes, emphasizing the importance of considering the role of product designers as a crucial part of urban design. These designers can help strengthen the bond between citizens and their cities and enhance social cohesion. The originality of this research lies in its systematic approach to understanding the impact of urban products on city attachment and social bonds.

Considering industrial growth and applying new scientific principles in the product development processes, the role of trained industrial designers is prominent. The history of the industrial sectors in Iran shows that in the 1340s, industrial developments were accompanied by the education that the industrialists had received from the world's advanced countries at that time. In different scales, they can benefit from the educational foundation of students, however, industrial development has a firm association with related educational developments. To achieve a sustainable progressive educational system in the industrial design discipline, the early years of education and training of students should be considered in all different levels of education, although not with a specialized view, but with the view of fostering creativity and solving problems in various aspects of people's lives. In this regard, the value of this concept is gradually recognized and taught in society so that in the future this field will be effective for the progress of the society and business and industries of the country. In this article, an attempt has been made to analyze the content of courses and their role in the professional activities of experts in this field.

Falls from height rank among the most frequent accidents encountered in construction workplaces. To mitigate such risks, the utilization of suitable personal fall protection equipment, including safety harnesses, proves to be an effective control measure.

This study involved a comprehensive review of articles pertaining to the study’s objective, published in renowned scientific journals between 2000 and 2021. To achieve this, a meticulous search was conducted across ten scientific-specialized databases, employing eight keywords: “Full body harness,” “fall arrest systems,” “industrial harness,” “harness ergonomic,” “design procedures harness,” “standard for harness,” “fall protection,” and “P.P.E work at height.” The search yielded a collection of relevant articles for analysis and examination.

A total of 101 articles were gathered through the utilization of the specified keywords. Subsequently, a meticulous review process led to the selection of 23 relevant articles for inclusion in the primary study. These chosen articles were categorized into two distinct groups: one focused on the “design of harnesses and optimization of fall arrest systems,” while the other delved into “studies on the consequences of suspension from a height and its effects.” Our findings revealed that 34.7% of the studies evaluated harness safety, 34.7% examined harness ergonomics, and 30.3% investigated suspension consequences.

When a harness is suspended, it leads to physiological changes. Notably, no studies have reported any fatalities resulting from harness suspension. However, the longevity of the suspension greatly depends on utilizing the appropriate harness accessories. The most significant challenge lies in the ergonomic design of the harnesses.

Strategic management involves determining the organization’s direction, preparing a strategic vision and mission statement, and providing the basis for growth, profitability, and production. It also includes the inclusion of employee safety and health programs throughout the organization. The existence of a strategic plan for the scientific and practical strengthening of occupational health and safety is one of the country’s academic and industrial priorities. The purpose of this study is to present a strategic plan for developing the specialized field of occupational health and safety engineering in Iran.

The current study is a collaborative action research study that was conducted in 2021. The strategic planning committee consisted of 20 professors, experts, and doctoral students. Over the course of 14 weeks, they held regular weekly meetings, collected information from inside and outside the organization, analyzed the organization’s internal and external environment, and identified its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Based on this analysis, the committee determined the organization’s mission, perspective, values, and general and specific goals for 2021-2024. They also identified the necessary measures to achieve these goals and developed an operational plan to improve the performance of the specialized field of occupational health and safety.

Conducting this applied research led to the strategy of internal and external analysis of the specialized OHS field, determining the direction of the basic strategy, mission, perspective, values, and general goals. Finally, seven specific goals and 286 actions were determined to improve the performance of OHS. The SWOT analysis of OHS’s internal and external environment identified 27 strengths, seven weaknesses, 26 opportunities, and 12 threats. According to the results of the SWOT matrix, the strategic position of the OHS field is to implement preventive strategies and maintain existing conditions.

This plan aligns with the 4-year OHS plan. In developing the program, attention has been paid to the documents and policies of upstream organizations. The strategic position of occupational health and safety engineering is a prudent strategy. In this situation, strategies for maintaining existing conditions can be applied. Therefore, it is suggested to reduce the weaknesses of OHS as much as possible and increase its strategic capabilities by focusing on prudent strategies. From the second year of implementing the strategic plan, the OHS field can gradually focus on developing activities.

Smartphones provide countless opportunities for users to get rid of negative emotional states and have more enjoyable experiences by interacting with others and digital content. Today game designers are looking for ways to improve the user experience to enhance players' experience by improving their connections with a game. On the other hand, modern education has taken a new approach through the conceptual combination of video games. Depending on several factors, players can experience emotions such as joy, anxiety, satisfaction, fear, or disappointment, while playing. In fact, two important questions that game designers need to ask themselves are why people play games and what motivates them to do so. It can be said that the main reason for the game for people is that "video games are now considered a human experience."In different style games, the player individually is informed about affairs, events, and processes that force them to take actions such as forecasting, planning, vital decisions, and finally sensitive management if the answers are accurate, correct, and intelligent Researchers such as have shown that such games have a significant effect on selective attention, working memory, spatial visualization, reaction time and even processing speed. For all the reasons mentioned, in this study, an attempt has been made to examine the type of interest of people in different styles of games, in order to be able to help game developers.Kansei Engineering System Kansei is a Japanese word that comes from the heart of Japanese culture and is a kind of psychological feeling or product imagination that has no direct equivalent in the vocabulary of other languages. The term is actually derived from Japanese culture, which is closely related to the characteristics of this culture. The concept of kanji is very much related to the concept of personal feelings. In this research, an attempt is made to help game developers to design games that are of interest to users by using the Kansei engineering system. Researcher made questionnaire In this research, the Kansei engineering system was used to evaluate products. At first, different styles of mobile games were studied. According to a study on a variety of smartphone games, the results obtained on the styles of these game categories are action, words, puzzle, simulation, driving, hobby, strategy, sports, and music. Then, based on the opinions of activities in the field of designing games, one or two games were selected from each group. The semantic differentiation method (5 scales) was used to prepare the questionnaire. For this purpose, first, the words and vocabulary related to the scope of the games were collected, out of about 70 words, 15 words "boredom, pleasure, excitement, cheerfulness, fun, fear, stress, addiction, violence, empowerment, despair, futility, Peace, challenge and usefulness" were selected. This study was conducted on five groups of 11 to 15 years, 16 to 19 years, 20 to 25 years, 26 to 35 years, and 36 years and above. Using a simple non-probability sampling method, 32, 31, 31, 25, and 24 people answered the questionnaire for each age group, respectively. 16 games were included in the online questionnaire along with Kansei words also, at the beginning of each game, users were asked to fill in the options for that game if they were familiar with it. After analyzing the results of the questionnaire, the correlation coefficient was used for clustering Kansei words. Words that were close in correlation coefficient were numerically related to each other, regardless of the semantic relationship.

The score of each Kansei word in different games for each age group was analyzed. Kansei's words for the game of call of duty had the highest score among all the games in all groups. In the age group of 26 to 35 years, the cooking fever score was also at the level of the call of duty game. In the age group of 11 to 15 years, Amirza game had the lowest score and most words in this game had a score of less than 2. In the age group of 16 to 19 years and 20 to 25 years, Talking Angela had the lowest score and most of the words in this game had scored less than 2 and 2.5, respectively. In the age group of 26 to 35 years and 36 years and above, cooking fever had the lowest score, and most words in this game had scored less than 3 and 2.5, respectively.The highest score in each cluster. In the age group of 11 to 15 years, the game of sudoku was the most frequent among all clusters. In the age groups of 16 to 19 years, 20 to 25 years, and 36 years and above, the game Call of duty was the most frequent among all clusters and in the age groups of 26 to 35 years, Angela's game was the most frequent among all clusters. Finally, in the age group of 36 years and above, in addition to Call of Duty, clash royale and street racing games were also more frequent among the clusters.

In this study, we tried to identify users' feelings towards different game styles by the Kansei engineering system and extract the features considered by different age groups and use them in designing games. In all groups, the word entertainment had the highest score and the word fear, violence, and despair had the lowest score. Call of duty was also very popular among all age groups due to factors such as graphics, social interactions, sound effects, narrative structure, 3D images, and realism. It can be concluded that in designing any style of play and for any age, creating a sense of the real world for individuals will be the key to success. Also, paying attention to the mental and emotional states of people, according to their age, will be very effective in designing the game. In addition, it is recommended that future studies can be conducted on various gaming platforms (eg PCs, tablets, etc.) besides examining different game designs, neurologically.

The manufacturing, service professions, and other occupations commonly require their employees to spend more than 2 hours of their workday in an upright position which can potentially cause temporary or permanent health effects. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of anti-fatigue mats on leg muscle discomfort and muscle activity due to prolonged standing.

A total of 100 workers were involved in the study. The control and experimental group stood for 2 hours in a controlled room with or without the anti-fatigue mat while sorting an assortment of mixed items.  Borg’s scale questionnaire and EMG signals were used to monitor the muscle discomfort and activity of the respondents.

The discomfort ratings and muscle activity in the experimental group were always at lower levels compared to the control group, which meant there was a reduction in mean perceived exertion rating for the knees, calves, and feet, i.e., 1.8, 2.5 and 2.6, respectively. The results showed that there was a statistically significant (P < 0.001) difference in the Borg’s scale of discomfort ratings and leg muscle activity between both groups.

The anti-fatigue mat can have a positive effect in preventing muscle discomfort and reduce muscle activity among the respondents during prolonged standing.

The spread of the coronavirus has changed people’s lifestyles and behaviors. These changes have taken place in various area including transportation. People have different options for intercity transportation, including public, private and bicycle transportation systems. Different countries and cities exhibited different behaviors in the amount of their use of these transportation systems before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of Covid-19 on the use of different transportation systems and compare them with each other. This study used a Likert questionnaire in 2 parts to examine various transportation systems in Shiraz and Tehran. The questionnaires were responded by 7 women and 9 men. Participants included those who had used the BDOOD bike system before or after the coronavirus outbreak. Also, ANOVA analysis and the t-test were used in one part. The results of this study suggested that the use of the BDOOD bike system decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also, the use of private vehicles increased, but the use of public transportation decreased. Public transport was the most common means of transportation before the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, while private vehicles were mostly used for transportation in the post-Corona period. In addition, interesting results were obtained from ANOVA analysis of age and gender with different transportation means. This study is an attempt to recognize the transportation pattern and changes that it has undergone due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Its results can be used in the planning and decision-making of transportation-related institutions.

Industrial designers, as producers of products and services that are related to the life of each individual, have an undeniable role in maintaining the relationship between society and industry. The state employment statistics have revealed that the employment status of industrial designer graduates is not in compliance with the growth of their number. This has resulted in certain problems regarding educational system philosophy. Apparently, job applicants including those academic graduates need several skills which are not in conjunction with those of the market demands. Undoubtedly, reviewing the industrial design educational system in accordance with the cultural structure of the country and improving the educational structure will help the growth and development of this academic field and its reconciliation with industry.The main objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of the principles and revival of the Master-apprenticeship education approach along with combining it with the positive aspects of the current industrial design education system in order to meet the demands of society and train design-pruner.The present study is qualitative in terms of strategy or paradigm. This research has been done in three phases. In phase zero, a pilot study has been conducted by the authors on the teaching methods and weaknesses of the current system on the one hand and the observation of limited examples of the Master-apprentice method in Tehran universities. According to the observations and studies in the pilot phase, in the first phase of the research, the strengths and weaknesses of teacher-student education were examined and the available samples were determined for further study. The research method in this study was descriptive-analytical. In the present study, the sampling method was purposefully selected and a five-point Likert questionnaire was completed by 40 students and graduates of industrial design. The results were analyzed using SPSS Win 23 software.Finally, it can be pointed out that the Master-Apprenticeship approach has many dimensions and benefits, including increasing students ‘skills, increasing the motivation of teachers and students, and increasing students’ entrepreneurship, which can be revived in the current system. Based on the aforementioned findings, it seems that another advantage of the Master-apprentice method, which can be considered as the results of the present study, is the project-driven and student involvement in the practical-workshop environment. This feature provides the teacher with the ability to evaluate his / her students not only on the basis of theoretical or mere tests but also to be able to evaluate the student from the point of view of practical work. The continuous presence of the teacher in the workshop space allows the student to receive the teacher’s opinions and views on the project at the same time, and direct modeling of his teacher occurs as a problem-solving process for the student. This is why in the teacher-student system, the individual does not view the lesson only as a fleeting project, but as an employment or an active project, not absolute classroom research.

Positive design is one of the latest sub-disciplines of industrial design that was introduced to the design world by Donald Norman. In general, positive design can be considered beyond critical design and functionalist design. Whereas critical design attempts to show social abnormalities and functional design emphasizes preserving social normality, positive design is aimed at the promotion of life and human characteristics from a normal state to an ideal state. According to the studies by Desmet (2012), people can experience different positive emotions facing the products, although some emotions are experienced more frequently (such as joy, satisfaction, and amusement) and some other emotions are less frequently experienced (worship, lust, and dreaminess). His studies indicated that all 25 positive emotions can be experienced. The different sources of emotions provide a wide range of opportunities for the designers. When the purpose of designing a product is provoking a positive emotion, the designer can look at the object and search for an opportunity for creating human-product interaction or human-human activity which is made possible through an object. The positive design has recently found its role in the community and is considered as a factor linking aesthetics and ethics, or in other words, sensational and ethical design. However, its theoretical foundations and functions have not been fully studied yet. Regarding the dilemmas of contemporary societies and their effects on the family environment, it seems the opportunity of interaction and conversation between the family members has been minimized regarding the dilemmas of the contemporary societies and their impacts on the families’ environment. Emotions help us in decision making, and positive emotions. in particular, provoke more creativity and learning in individuals. People who are in a positive emotional state can better handle the problems and find better solutions, as stated by psychologists The aim of the research is to improve family relationships by stimulating positive feelings in users. Hence, according to the purpose of Positive Design and regarding the reduced interactions among family members, meal times could be considered crucial for creating positive emotions in this smallest community while they get together at the table. The main question that needs to be answered is how to evoke positive emotions in the user through design. In this cross-sectional study, observation and data gathering were achieved through field and library research. In the next step, due to the novelty of the issue, a positive design approach and the relevant available examples were extensively dealt with. Furthermore, the study of the product situation, an initial survey of homes, national and global markets were performed using conceptual diagrams. Final investigations and field research were done by collecting the data related to the young couples and their relationship with the products through ethnography, questionnaire, observation, and interview. As a final point, conclusion and selection of the top designs based on the user’s needs, positive design approach, proposing suggestions and research added values were on the agenda.
The initial information about the state of tableware at homes of 20 young couples, residing in Shiraz and Tehran, was gathered through ethnography, observation and interviews. The questions were related to the kinds of dishes existing at homes and the user’s opinions about them. A notable point was realized in the process of studying the users. Many changes have occurred within the concept of family life during recent years, i.e., reduction of size/members, postponed marriages, and increased level of divorce. According to a new model of FLC by Gilly and Enis, the term “young couple” has got a new meaning: a couple within the age of 18-34, who have married recently and don’t have children.
The subject population at the final phase of the research includes young couples from all over Iran. Sampling was done by a purposeful method so that a couple was selected from every city, and other young couples they introduced as their acquaintances, were added as new samples. The sample size contained about 50 couples, among which 13 people were men and 37 were women. According to the definition of a young couple by Samadi (2007), these people were in the range of 18 - 34 years old. A questionnaire including two sections was charted for the research. The overall information about the participants and their relation with the tableware was studied in the first part, and the level of excitement -stimulated by the product- through 25 positive emotions, in the second part. At this stage, the level of provocation of every 25 emotions (stimulated by the tableware) was measured using seven-points Likert scale. Each of the positive emotions provoked by dishes holds different levels of severity. It has been observed that some emotions are experienced more frequently, viz. admiration, satisfaction, relaxation, amusement, euphoria, and joy. Some other emotions are less intense and are experienced less frequently: anticipation, lust and Worship.
It was observed that the emotions of admiration, satisfaction, relaxation, amusement, euphoria, and joy are experienced more frequently than the other emotions. In order to investigate the significant difference between the 10 categories of tableware and the six emotions, the Kruskal-Wallis analysis was employed at this point. The results of the test indicated that there is a significant difference between the tableware and the six selected emotions.There are six emotional resources regarding the human-product interactions that can be defined as the following: Focusing on the object (dish), its high quality should be paid attention to. As a result, porcelain material was selected due to its quality, strength, beauty, elegance, and healthiness in addition to the users’ demands. Focusing on the concept, the pieces of tableware should allow for different layouts on the table, according to the kind of food and family culture. Focusing on interaction, producing different separate pieces facilitates access to different foods. Focusing on activity, different forms of the dishes make them suitable for different purposes, or for being used as a complement for other dinner services. Focusing on ourselves, different harmonized forms, and applying beautiful decorations and garnish can make us feel proud of our table. Focusing on others, tableware layout and decoration should have a positive effect on others. By means of a vase or candle, the described positive effects could increase, and communication would get easier for the individuals. According to the diagrams and the results of the previous sections, it seems the features that provoke each of the six emotions can be defined as the following: Admiration: being good-looking, using specific techniques, harmony between the pieces, having an integral identity Satisfaction: ordered, geometric, and logical layout, convenient access, avoiding complexity
Relaxation: plain and mild forms, using curved forms, avoiding complexity
Amusement: it seems that new and novel forms of tableware and various layouts lead to the provocation of amusement emotion. Old and repeated forms reduce this emotion
Euphoria: using uniform patterns, various layouts, creating different spaces in a dish, avoiding old and repeated forms
Joy: simplicity, integrity, without drawing, creating different spaces in a dish
The results give us considerable evidence that, enriching social/family communications is probable through design. A study on varieties of tableware revealed that form, material, colour, and layout of the dishes affect the interactions between family members during the meals, provoke positive emotions and also may improve their relationship.

One of the activities of industrial design specialists and experts is branding. Brand’s role in identifying a company’s product is undeniable in today’s expanding markets. Making a strong brand is the ultimate goal of many organizations. A reputable brand should offer at least one distinct advantage because no amount of simulation can compensate for this shortcoming. Iranian artists, with the foundation of thinking and preserving the Iranian identity and interaction with other artists, be able to present their national works and assets on the world stage. In this descriptive-analytical research, the principles of designing the packaging of herbal teas for branding have been carefully considered. How to apply cultural ergonomic design criteria to achieve products tailored to people's tastes has been emphasized. Although branding is very important, the present study showed that other factors such as culture influence brand reinforcement, especially vegetable herbals brands. The results showed that if people were able to ensure that packaging products were as fresh as traditional products, people would be more likely to buy packaging herbals because nutritional information was included on the packaging. Understanding the nutritional information of herbals better helps people to choose and consume herbals. To encourage more people to buy herbals as packaging, brand names, trademarks, warranties, and endorsements also have a significant impact on product packaging.

Advertising is an effective marketing medium for attracting consumers and acts as a link between the brand and its customers. The efficacy of this contact network, on the one hand, depends on determining the target group and the effectiveness of advertising messages. On the other hand, advertising effectiveness is not limited to product purchases but instead involves aspects of awareness and the intention to buy. In a competitive market between companies, advertisement is relevant, and most Iranian industrial design companies are less attentive to the issue of advertising, resulting in many challenges in the country. Since traditional advertising does not completely fulfill the needs of this market, the importance of advertisement in defining and generating the need and the use of the advertised subject should be considered in a wide scope. In order to improve the production and development of industrial design firms, this study aims to provide an appropriate model to enhance the advertising process, and its main objectives are to identify the main and sub-indicators of advertising effectiveness at home and abroad. It also tries to assess the most detailed and effective advertising model to develop production and the booming of the industrial design companies in Iran.

This study used both qualitative and quantitative methods. The indicators are derived from the study literature in order to determine the frequency of indicator repetition based on the status of the paradigms, the degree of repetition, and the commonality of the sum of extracted indicators in the former. Using Grounded Theory and the Strauss and Corbin approaches, the success indicators of the identified paradigms (foreign companies of Apple, Samsung, IKEA, and Ziba Design) were determined from the consumers' perspective, and the similarities and discrepancies between indicators were established. Sub-indices with the highest frequency were coded, and a model was presented. In the quantitative approach, descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to review and test the proposed model. So, a questionnaire containing 3 demographic questions (age, education, and gender) and 45 questions with 5 point Likert scale were designed. Second, the sample size was identified using the random sampling method. The questionnaire was distributed among 384 customers of 4 domestic companies, including Rasmeh Design Studio, Exir Design, Pars Khazar, and Forminic Product Design. Data were collected and analyzed. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using the content method (expert opinion), Cronbach's alpha, and model validation was confirmed using Smart Pls software.

40 indicators with the highest frequency, which were ignored by domestic industrial design firms, were chosen based on the indicators of international companies Samsung, Ziba Design, IKEA, and Apple, and classified and coded in four categories: communication with the consumer, announcements, marketing, and products and services. The suggested model was presented in relation to advertisement efficacy, with four hypotheses elucidated. The validity of the model was confirmed using the validity index and the redundancy check. The Smart Pls least squares technique was used to test the relationship of the examined variables in each of the study hypotheses based on a causal structure. The measurement model (the relationship of each visible variable to the hidden variable) and the structural model (the relationship of the hidden variables to each other) were determined in the general analysis model. The t-statistic was calculated using the bootstrapping technique to determine the significance of the relationships. The effects of a relationship with customer, announcements, marketing and products and services on advertising mechanism were calculated 0.468, 0.356, 0.448, and 0.337, respectively.  The test probability statistics for each hypothesis were 10.0199, 3.062, 8.101 and 4.912, respectively. As they were greater than the critical value for t, 1.96, the effects were considered significant. Therefore, all hypotheses were significant at the 95% confidence level.

The findings revealed that changing the advertising mechanism requires more than just announcements and advertisements. Particular attention should be given to the product and service categories. The indicators identified in this category demonstrated that carefully evaluating the opportunity value of the product and service, taking into account affordance, applying Gestalt in product integration, evaluating the consumer experience and analyzing Kano, and developing flexible samples and serializations will improve productivity and help the business grow. In order to reach the announcing stage, motionography and infographics must be used to introduce and portray the brand and product, as well as viral marketing on social networks and the use of hidden and explicit advertising in the media and community. The findings highlight the importance of paying attention to the customer's familiarity with the goods, expressing the possible advantages of purchasing and consuming products, considering the thoughts and needs of customers, and taking into account the desires and expectations of customers. Competitive competition can help the R&D department of domestic industrial design firms identify the demand and evaluate competitors, and content marketing and announcements lead to easy access to the desired product or service. The study of ethnography and demography in order to extend a company's branches will contribute to the systemic development of the company. Using various advertising methods can result in adequate consumer awareness of the product and sales growth. The implementation of a strategy in line with the company's business goals leads to constant communication with customers, depending on the extent and geographical area of the company's operation.

Today, a significant portion of environmental resources are affected by tourists due to their lack of awareness of harmful behaviors to the environment. Therefore, environmental indicators related to tourist behavior should be more closely monitored. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors affecting the prevention of inappropriate and effective behaviors in the host region, in this way, sustainable tourism can be formed by presenting behavioral design models and sustainability components. In this descriptive-analytical study, part of the data was collected through questioning and using a five-point Likert questionnaire. In this study, 81 questionnaires that were completed by industrial designers and architects as volunteer samples were analyzed using SPSSWin21 software. The results show that there is a significant relationship between tourist behavioral changes, waste reduction and environmental protection. This study has shown that educating tourists reduces environmental damage. The analysis of the results showed that improving the design of the elements of the visited environment will have positive effects on changing the behavior of tourists. The importance of a good adaption between the activities of tourists and the indigenous culture of the visited area is another result of this study. Although there is no significant relationship between the same facilities available to tourists and local residents, the imposition of planned fines will reduce the environmental damage caused by tourist activity. Based on the findings and considering the need to provide a suitable environment for achieving sustainable tourism, behavior design and achieving the principles of designing the environment, products and services, which are the specialties of industrial designers and architects, will be necessary.

Today, human societies are facing various phenomena, including the outbreak of viral diseases such as corona, with the spread of which many people in society suffer from behavioral stresses such as frequent hand washing. The authors of the present paper believe that the designers can reduce these obsessive behaviors with the help of product design. The methodology of the research in this article is descriptive-cross-sectional, and is going to examine the relationship between product design and behavioral stress reduction. First, “the need for disinfecting tools” was hypothesized based on the observations, subsequently the users were provided with some disinfecting tools and their feedback was examined. Due to the current situation regarding coronavirus outbreak and limits for group gatherings in public places, as well as the high cost of manufacturing the designed product, testing in real-life situations was not possible, therefore only questionnaires using the 7-point Likert scale and online surveys were administered. This study resulted in a product design for environmental disinfection, which won international medals. Thus, this paper strives to illuminate the relationship between product design and behavioral stress caused by the outbreak of viral infections such as Coronavirus disease. With regards to the Covid-19 outbreak throughout the world and the transmission speed of the coronavirus which survives on surfaces,  people in different societies feel the need to somehow protect themselves against this virus by wearing gloves and regular hand-washing. A great number of people, however, test positive every day despite such precautions. As infectious diseases outbreak continues to spread, fear and anxiety start ruling lives of many people in society and such behaviors may damage the entire society if they keep lasting. Designing a space-saving, portable product that utilizes modern technology to disinfect different surfaces like elevator buttons, subway train handles, debit cards, and so forth will remarkably help societies in the current situation. The coordination between product design and stress relief is not accidental and demands engineering skills plus a high level of creativity, and this is what matters in industrial design. As defined by the Industrial Designers Society of America (IDSA), industrial design is the professional practice of developing ideas for designing products with optimal performance. In this descriptive- cross-sectional study, observation and questionnaires, as well as non-probability sampling, have been employed to collect data. The sample size was estimated at 322 people based on the Morgan table. First, the behavior of the people was carefully studied in one environment and “the need for disinfecting tools” was hypothesized based on the observations and collected data, subsequently the users were provided with some disinfecting tools and their feedback was examined. Due to the coronavirus outbreak and limits for group gatherings in public places, as well as the high cost of manufacturing the designed product, testing in real-life situations was not possible, therefore only questionnaires and online surveys were used. The target population, from which the sample was drawn, has been identified by administering the questionnaire to the audience through web pages and further circulation among other groups. Given that long questionnaires may bore the audience, only a few brief questions using the 7-point Likert scale were designed and the results were analyzed in Microsoft Excel using Cronbach's Alpha. The research data were obtained from field surveys and library resources. Also, the International Federation of Inventors' Associations website was explored and the designs for portable disinfecting products were collected. With respect to the facts mentioned in this paper and the conducted studies, it seems that product design could be effective in managing behaviors such as stress. However, interventional studies are required for substantiating a claim like this. It would be a great contribution to human societies if the designers could be able to design a product for viral infections outbreaks which absolutely guarantees disinfection of the surroundings.

Annually, a percentage of the profits from the sale of goods and services by producers are spent on costs of musculoskeletal disorders due to non-compliance with ergonomic conditions. These costs are not favorable for organizations and employees and in most cases, ergonomic risk factors affect the quality of life of employees.

The present field study was conducted as a census on 193 workers with medical records in one of the domestic automotive industries on December 2018. The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders belonged to 16 workers, so their workstations were analyzed. Questionnaire with the help of Nordic questionnaire and through interviews with workers has been one of the methods of collecting data. Each of the selected workstations was analyzed with OWAS method after job photography and video recording.

The results showed that three work stations from the viewpoint of Action Categories are at the level of three, three work stations at the level of two and one station at the level of one, and then the costs of incidence and treatment and related actions due to establishing ergonomic conditions were calculated.

Cost of workstations analysis, Preventive actions and also designing a process to reduce the musculoskeletal abnormalities of the staff, which results in ergonomic conditions, compared with the cost of incidence and treatment of musculoskeletal complications is cost-effective for this automotive industry.

One of the most important environments that people in the community interact with on a daily basis is urban environments that are equipped with devices in proper places for the well-being of people. The quality of the urban environment lies in paying full attention to the qualitative and quantitative aspects of urban elements and their components. In many developed cities around the world, by combining technology and sustainable development indicators, efforts have been made to adapt the city to improve the quality of life of people in the community. In this cross-sectional case study, based on the main purpose of the research, which is to evaluate the role of urban furniture as one of the effective elements in the smart city, 51 volunteer participants completed online questionnaires. The gathered data were analyzed by SPSSWin23. This study highlights the importance of urban intelligence for most age and gender groups. According to our results, proper design for smart urban furniture, with or without the IoT system, may lead to higher degrees of urban sustainability.

Today,, the process of designing, producing products, and providing services are very fast. However,, despite the mentioned development,, there are some sorts of challenges for societies in terms of social health and coping with corona. Also, these challenges make some concerns with service design and industrial design disciplines. Therefore, in order to solve the recent problem in this case-descriptive study was done. In this regards, 200 questionnaires which filled out by participants as volunteer samples, in which 171 valid and related questionnaires were analyzed. Also, the registered documents for the prevalence of corona in the country based on the Iran Ministry of Health report was considered. According to the author's experience and the mentioned gathered data, the author recommended a new paradigm entitled post-service design to cope with Corona (Covid-19) related problems The proposed paradigm is an integrated model based on three fields of macro-ergonomics, service design and persuasive design.

The quality of everyday products and quality of life of their consumers are tightly connected to eachother. One of the main concerns of industrial designers is the product design suitable for Iranian consumers’ taste. To this purspose, there are important elements to be considered during product design process including artistic charecteristics, technical features of products, exploration of customers’ needs and the limitations of industrial sectors.As a multidisciplinary field, industrial design helps manufacturing industrial sectors develop products that comply with the customers’ need. Similarly, Ergonomics, as multidisciplinary science, is concerned with meeting both physical and emotional aspects of human needs. This science plays an important role in the design of the product. Ergonomics considerations in product design results in the production of safe, secure and attractive products that satisfies the customers.Undoubtedly, for those industrial sector authorities who seek for successful manufacturing, marketing and development of products, customer-care processes are important. Pioneers of production firms and marketing managers also emphasize on the abovementioned approach. The customer satisfaction and his persistence in choosing and buying the product depend on the quality and desirability of the product. Therefore, the customer's experience and his/her perception of production should be taken as the determining factor in the purchase of any given product. Of course, there are some other important factors such as duration of use of the product, customer’s previous information about it and its history. After purchasing a product and upon using it, a new understanding of the product is created for the customer.  This new experience may result in whether full satisfaction or dissatisfaction and factors such as the brand, design type, usability and initial price contribute to such understanding. Therefore, in this study, the ergonomic design of products has been carefully considered as an important factor in meeting customer satisfaction. Likewise, customer’s perception of the product and considerations of ergonomic design based on semantics comprise the main scopes of the current research.  In this descriptive study, the scientific role of designers in the publication of scientific and research-based articles and their attention towards the requirements of the industries was considered. The papers published during the last decade in SID Database have been studied among which are thiry one journals such as Negareh  (Quarterly), Bagh-E Nazar  (Monthly),  Journal Of Deramatic Arts And Music  (Semi-Annually), Scholary Journal Of Theoretical Principles Of Visual Arts  (Semi-Annually), Journal Of Architecture Studies  (Quarterly), Journal Of Visual And Applied Arts  (Semi-Annually), Journal Of Studies On Iranian Islamic City  (Quarterly), Maremat-E Asar & Baft-Haye Tarikhi-Farhangi  (Quarterly), Motaleate Tatbighi Honar  (Semi-Annually, Naqshejahan  (Semi-Annually), Journal Of Architecture And Urban Planning  (Semi-Annually), Journal Of Architectural Thought  (Semi-Annually), Housing And Rural Environment (Quarterly), International Journal Of Architectural Engineering And Urban Planning  (Semi-Annually) and so on.In this part of the study, words such as emotion, productivity, production, ergonomics, aesthetics, product, and industrial design were searched within these journals. Based on this research, it seems that product design based on criterias such as aesthetics, ergonomics and hedonomics play an important role in meeting customer satisfaction. Undoubtedly, these kinds of products, which the customers consider purchasing, play a critical role defining industrial sectors’ strategies.As hedonomics concern users’ mental and emotional satisfaction, so those productd designed based on hedonomics are often chosen as useful products. Aesthetics features of products and their pleasurable design are important for costumers and ergonomics and hedonomics play a prominent role in this respect. The results of this paper indicate that ergonomics helps designers develop new products based on the needs of both costumers and producers.

Nowadays, industrial design has allocated a special place to itself in the field of products marketing and development, both at national and international levels. Advertising can be a connection bridge between company and customers, the customers are fully identified and the messages of the company are effectively transmitted to them. The purpose of the present research is to present an effective advertising model for companies with an industrial design unit. Therefore, the present research is descriptive-analytical with the Inductive approach and the collection of required data was performed based on the library and document mining study, and also considering the comparative comparison of four domestic industrial design companies with four foreign industrial design companies. Based on this comparison, 82 effective advertising indicators were identified. Using content analysis method, their similar and different aspects were addressed and using MAXQDA software, the difference, similarity, evidences, and foundations of each one of these desired phenomena are explained, and 40 indices with the highest frequency that have not yet been used by Iranian industrial design companies were classified into four categories such as customer relationship, marketing, products and services, and announcements,and a model was designed based on them. Finally, some suggestions based on the research findings were presented.The result is that, for a dynamic and effective advertising, the Iranian industrial design companies require to employ the novel approaches which most of the superior companies utilize to compete and even to proceed in the market. To this end, some suggestions are offered.

One of the main goals of all societies whether in developed or developing countries is sustainable development and quality of life improvement. Both of the mentioned fields are known as critical subjects for urban planners, health care systems authorities, organizations and industrial sectors managers. Sustainable development is a global and human-centered approach. Also, ergonomics as a multidisciplinary science has a user center approach in which the quality of life plays a prominent role. The main objective of this article is developing a synergy between ergonomics and sustainability. This research consisted of two parallel phases. The first phase included a review in which two keywords of “ergonomics and sustainability” were considered in PubMed and EBSCO. After following the including and excluding criteria, 12 final articles were assessed. The second phase, was a descriptive study based on questionnaires among 38 participants. According to articles, in-depth evaluation and data gathering throughout questionnaires, it seems that to make a synergy between ergonomics and sustainability especially based on social aspects of both mentioned firms will be ended to effective and feasible planning towards industrial ergonomics and work-related quality of life.

The present study was conducted to achieve Ergonomic sports equipment with the ability to simulate some of the canoe courses. Target group is a professional athletes and beginners, with limitations to practice. Considering the rapid and abundant effects of rowing movements on reducing obesity, especially in the upper and lower abdomen, the use of this device can be useful in the health of users. In this cross-sectional case study, information was obtained through field study, interviewing and observation of athletes' performance. The design approach was based on the principles of an integrated interactive design-integrated approach that, after identifying the conditions, characteristics, user requirements and explaining design requirements, a functional model was constructed. Then it was evaluated by experts and athletes. The most important features of the product include: home-use, the ability to assemble, multipurpose, and simulation of several rowing courses, ease of operation, and proper interaction.

Working under non-ergonomic situations can cause physical damage. It's compulsory for the students of almost every engineering discipline to do parts of their training activitiy in various workshops including welding workstations; needless to say, the paucity of appropriate situations in such workshops may lead to physical injuries. On the other hand, ergonomic design of workstations can be considered a way to keep human health. The purpose of this study is an investigation onthe application of ergonomic solutions in the design of workstations and Working situation improvement in oxy gaseous welding workshops.

In this study, workstations of the welding workshops in one of the public universities were selected as the case studies. To carry out a more accurate evaluation of the workshop environment, assessment of the work environment (FIOH MSD) has been used as method. The critical indicators of the current status of workstations were analyzed, using the CATIA V5 R21 software, the RULA method, and the proposed solutions.

The results of the RULA clearly indicate a serious need to workstations's reform and Improve their level of safety. The Risk levels for the left and right hands were 6 and 7, which were decrease to 3 and 4 after redesigning the workplace and reforming its situations.

Studies and assessment indicate that during welding activities, postures of people cause serious injuries to various parts of the body, especially the spine and neck. Therefore, workplace redesigning that is based on sit-stand workstation standards can be a suitable solution to correct the posture of people in oxy gas welding workshops.Workstation redesigned involve some features such a increasing the dexterity and delicacy during welding and the proper use of Inclusive Design factors to adjust the height of table, chair and the angle of table surface.