حسین طهماسبی

This study aimed to predict marital satisfaction based on conscientiousness, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness in married women. This research was basic, and regarding the procedure, it was a descriptive-correlation study. The statistical population of the present study was all the married women of Lorestan province in the spring of 2023, from whom 840 people were selected as a sample by available sampling. Research tools included: Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale (EMS, Olson et al., 1987), NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI, Costa & McCrae, 1992), Marital Empathy Scale (MES, Jolliffe & Farrington, 2006), and Marital Offence-Specific Forgiveness Scale (MOFS, Paleari et al., 2009). Data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test and multiple regression. The research results showed that there is a significant correlation between marital satisfaction with conscientiousness, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness (p<0.01). Additionally, the regression analysis outcomes indicated that 38.1% of the variance in marital satisfaction can be explained by predictor variables, wherein forgiveness emerges as the strongest predictor variable, followed by empathy and then conscientiousness (p<0.001). It can be concluded that conscientiousness, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness play a key role in women's marital satisfaction, and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interaction with each other in intervention programs designed to increase women's marital satisfaction.

This study was conducted with the aim of determining the predictive power of agreeableness, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness on marital satisfaction in married women. In this investigation, employing the correlational methodology of the regression type, an assemblage of 840 wedded women domiciled within the geographic confines of Lorestan province, was chosen through the multi-stage cluster random sampling. The Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale, the NEO-FFI Questionnaire, the Marital Empathy Scale, and the Marital Forgiveness Scale were used as standard questionnaires for data collection. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software. The coefficient of determination with a value of 0.373 in the multiple linear regression test showed that the model explains 37.3% of the changes in marital satisfaction. The standardized coefficients showed that agreeableness, empathy, and forgiveness are significant predictors of marital satisfaction. The results indicate that marital satisfaction is positively affected by agreeableness, empathy, and forgiveness, so a one-unit increase in agreeableness, empathy, and forgiveness corresponds to an increase of 0.101, 0.252, and 0.433 units in marital satisfaction, respectively. Forgiveness played the most important role in marital satisfaction, followed by empathy, and then agreeableness. In conclusion, in order to increase the satisfaction of married couples, especially women, it is recommended to hold workshops focusing on increasing knowledge of agreeableness personality trait and strengthening positive traits such as empathy and forgiveness.

This research was conducted to predict marital satisfaction based on extraversion, marital empathy, and marital forgiveness in married women.

A descriptive-correlation method of regression type was utilized in the current research. Using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method, a total of 840 married women residing in Lorestan province were selected. Data were collected using the Enrich Marital Satisfaction Scale, the NEO-FFI Questionnaire, the Marital Empathy Scale, and the Marital Forgiveness Scale as standard questionnaires. The collected data were checked and analyzed by SPSS software.

The coefficient of determination obtained from the multiple linear regression test was equal to 0.378, which shows that the model explains 37.8% of the changes in marital satisfaction. According to standard coefficients, extraversion, empathy, and forgiveness were significant predictors of marital satisfaction. From the findings, it can be concluded that extraversion, empathy, and forgiveness have a positive and favorable effect on marital satisfaction, such that one unit increase in extraversion, empathy, and forgiveness leads to an increase of 0.121, 0.255, and 0.421 units in marital satisfaction, respectively. The most important variable affecting marital satisfaction was forgiveness, followed by empathy, and extraversion.

To strengthen the satisfaction of couples, especially women, it is suggested to organize educational programs that prioritize increasing knowledge of extraversion personality trait and strengthening positive traits such as empathy and forgiveness.

NGOs can play a key role in providing first-hand services to communities in reducing the impact and vulnerability to crises. Therefore, the present study examines the role of non-governmental organizations in increasing social resilience against the Corona pandemic. The present research is qualitative in nature, descriptive-analytical in nature. Library studies and articles are used to collect information and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. Fuzzy Delphi technique and structural equation method have been used for analysis. In the first stage, Delphi out of 26 components, 22 components higher than 0.7 have been obtained, and in the second stage, all the studied components have been approved. The results show that the independent variables of the present study have a positive and significant effect on the independent variable of research (resilience), participation, prevention, empowerment, and support, respectively. The research findings also indicate that in increasing social resilience in Corona Crisis Index of financial and service support to prevent the spread of the virus and to facilitate transparency in information on the latest status and cases related to Corona; And consultation with banks and financial and credit institutions to attract their attention to pay more attention to vulnerable groups has been most effective.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between social discipline and work conscience with employee productivity mediated by work ethic and moderation of organizational commitment in the company of petrochemical terminals and tanks. The present study is a quantitative study of descriptive-survey research. The statistical population is 273 employees, the sample size is 160 and the stratified random sampling method. To collect the data, standard questionnaires were used, which in addition to having theoretical support, their validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling test. According to the research results, social discipline directly affects the two variables of work ethic and employee productivity. However, its indirect effect on employee productivity was not confirmed. Work conscience directly affects work ethic; but it does not have a direct effect on employee productivity. Work ethic affects employee productivity. Organizational commitment moderates the impact of social discipline on work ethic. But it has no effect on the relationship between work conscience and work ethic. Although the research findings did not fully confirm the main hypothesis of the research, the effect of research components on employee productivity was proved.

Sprawl is the result of rapid population growth and sprawling expansion in the periphery of the city and has a direct impact on the spatial development of cities, which has become a major challenge in the world in recent years. In the same vein, this research aims to explain the dispersed urban space and its environmental impacts in Qaemshahr

The present study aims to describe descriptive-analytic methods to explain the spatial effects of Ghaemshahr on urban areas using Landsat multistory satellite imagery. The required information was collected through library and field studies from the scope of the study. Land use was adapted from the fuzzy supervised classification based on the severity of the stress, and the geographic information system and model Holdren were used to measure the scattered forms.

The results of the model Holdren indicate that the agent has the greatest impact in 22 years, the sprawl of the city with different patterns and, as a result of the growth of orchard land use by 43 percent is most predictions made based on cells automatically land area made It will reach 8833 hectares by 1402. The results of the GIS shows that sprawl space in this period forms such as linear growth pattern, individual pattern, the pattern of growth, expansion, intensification cluster pattern that adverse environmental consequences associated with.

Therefore, what emerges from this study is the development of spatial urban sprawl, which has devastating effects on the environment and land-friendly agricultural lands of the perimeter of the periphery and the form of space in the city. In order to achieve a sustainable urban form, the compact city growth model is proposed as the future development of Qaemshahr.

Preliminary orbit determination of unknown space object such as satellites that are launched by other countries, military satellites and uncatalogued Space debris is important in space activities. So by means of information of ground based electro-optics systems, orbital elements of satellite can be estimated accurately. In this paper we studied most famous three methods of classical orbit determination analytically which are based on angles-only observations of orbit. Then, by using observable data and simulations, results of computational codes of three methods are compared and the effect of time separation between observed points of satellite path is demonstrated and results are analyzed.

Cage birds like canaries can potentially harbor human pathogens and contribute to transmission and spread of drug resistant infectious agents to human. Considering many people's interests to keep canaries, present study was conducted in canaries from Yazd to investigate the beta-lactam antibiotics resistant Escherichia coli. 109 E. coli isolates from canary faeces in Yazd were evaluated to investigate the resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics by disc diffusion method. Resistance of isolates to Imipenem, Cefotaxime, Cefixime, Cefalexin, Amoxicillin, Penicillin G and Oxacillin was 0%, 5.5%, 44%, 95.4%, 95.4%, 100% and 100% respectively. Canaries harbored beta-lactam antibiotics resistant E. coli and could be an important component of drug-resistant infections transmission from cage birds to human, especially kids and can pose a potential risk to human health in the region. It is recommended to make pet birds owners and general public aware of potential dangers of cage birds keeping.

Abortion can lead to major economic losses. L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii can cause infertility and abortion. Considering the importance of what mentioned, present study was conducted to detection of L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in bovine abortion from Shahrekord, Iran. Vaginal discharge from 36 aborted cows were investigated to detection of L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii. The samples were analyzed by two-stage enrichment techniques, Listeria Enrichment Broth (LEB) as primary enrichment and Fraser Secondary Broth as secondary enrichment. Secondly enrichments were streaked on Palcam agar. Suspected colonies were evaluated for detecting L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii were not found in any sample. However, we cannot discuss about absence of Listeria in the samples certainly and perhaps it is more accurate that suspicious tissues would be tested by direct PCR method, according to the results of this study it is thought that L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii may have little impact on the incidence of cattle abortion in this region and other infectious agents may play a major role in cattle abortions in this region that has not been investigated in this study. Therefore, further investigations especially in the suspected tissues are recommended.

Trypanosomes infect a variety of animals and cause fever, weakness, and lethargy, which lead to weight loss and anemia. In livestock the disease is fatal unless treated and causes serious economic losses. Present study was conducted to detection of Trypanosoma from one-humped camels slaughtered in Najafabad slaughterhouse. 278 blood samples were taken at three different time periods from one-humped camels slaughtered in Najafabad slaughterhouse and were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detection of Trypanosoma. The overall infection rate of Trypanosoma was 1.07%. Positive samples (3.8%) only found in spring and summer, and no positive sample was found in fall and winter. Discussion and Fortunately, this may suggest that the prevalence of Trypanosoma is very low in the region. It is suggested to prevent the disease by preventing livestock suspected of carrying the disease from entering the country. If it is not possible to test imported healthy livestock by molecular assays, it is recommended that simple and rapid tests such as agglutination tests that do not need an expert be assessed.

Cage birds can harbor human pathogens and contribute to the transmission and spread of drug resistant infectious agents to human. Since many people are interested in keeping cage birds, present study was conducted in cage birds from Shahrekord to investigate the beta-lactam antibiotics resistant E. coli and molecular detection of E. coli O157:H7 that is responsible for outbreaks of human intestinal diseases and fatal haemolytic-uraemic syndrome worldwide. Altogether 256 samples of cage birds (lovebirds, quails, nightingales, parrots, mynahs, goldfinchs, finches, kingbirds, peacocks, and pheasants) faeces were collected with sterile cotton swabs from different areas of Shahrekord, Iran. Swabs were placed directly into Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB). In the laboratory, samples were streaked onto MacConkey agar and also Sorbitol MacConkey agar as selective plating media. Then, antibiogram tests were performed using disc diffusion method. Suspected colonies to E. coli O157: H7 were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). E. coli was isolated from 31 (12.1%) out of 256 the samples. Resistance of isolates to Imipenem, Cefotaxime, Cefixime, Cefalexin, Amoxicillin, Penicillin G and Oxacillin was 0, 3.2, 16.1, 90.3, 100, 100 and 100% respectively. E. coli O157:H7 was not found in any samples. Discussion and Although cage birds were not sourcee or carriers of E. coli O157:H7 in the studied region, they harbored beta-lactam antibiotics resistant E. coli and could be an important component of drug-resistant infections transmission from cage-birds to human, especially to kids and can pose a potential risk to human health. For this reason, it is recommended to make pet birds owners and general public aware of potential dangers of cage bird keeping.

Zoonoses can be transmitted to people by many birds such as pigeons. Considering many people’s interests to keep pigeons، present study was conducted to PCR detection of Aeromonas hydrophila that is cause of many human infections such as gastroenteritis، wound infections and septicemia from pigeons in Shahrekord. Altogether 293 samples of pigeon faeces were collected with sterile cotton swabs from different areas of Shahrekord، Iran. Swabs were placed directly into alkaline peptone water. The enrichment cultures were then streaked on the glutamate starch phenol red agar (GSP agar). Isolates were subjected to different biochemical tests. Suspected colonies to A. hydrophila were tested by PCR. Antibiogram tests were performed using disc diffusion method. A. hydrophila was isolated from 13 (4. 44%) of 293 the samples. Resistance of isolates to Cefotaxime، Ciprofloxacin، Ampicillin، Co-trimoxazole، Trimetoprim، Chloramphenicol and Tetracycline was 0%، 61. 5%، 69. 2%، 84. 6%، 92. 3%، 100% and 100% respectively. Pigeons harbored antibiotics resistant A. hydrophila and could be an important component of drug-resistant A. hydrophila transmission from pigeons to human، especially kids and can pose a risk to human health in the region. Considering of what mentioned it is recommended to make pigeons owners and general public aware of potential dangers of pigeon ownership.

Wild cage birds can be carriers of some human pathogens and some of these can be transmitted to people. Campylobacter bacteria are the most common bacteria that cause gastroenteritis worldwide. Considering people''s interests to keep wild cage birds and the potential ability of wild cage birds to transmit Campylobacter to humans، the present study was conducted to evaluate Campylobacter infection in Shahrekord''s wild cage birds by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Altogether 80 samples of different wild cage birds (parrot، nightingale، mynah، goldfinch، finch، quail، kingbird) faeces were collected were collected with sterile cotton swabs from different areas of Shahrekord، Iran and evaluated for detection of Campylobacter by bacteriological and PCR methods. Campylobacter was not found in any samples. Present study suggests wild cage birds faeces is not source of Campylobacter in Shahrekord، Iran.

Endometritis as a risk factor for cystic ovarian disease, anoestrus and other reproductive disorder, is characterized by impact of dairy production performance and causes serious economic losses. Listeria monocytogenes can cause endometritis. Considering the importance of what mentioned present study was conducted to detection of L. monocytogenes in bovine endometritis from Shahrekord, Iran. Altogether 180 vaginal discharge samples of bovine endometritis were collected with sterile cotton swabs from Shahrekord, Iran. The swabs were placed directly into Listeria enrichment broth. Secondly enrichments were streaked on Palcam agar. Suspected colonies were evaluated for detecting L. monocytogenes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. L. monocytogenes was not found in any samples. Present study suggests absence of L. monocytogenes in bovine endometritis in the region.

Diarrhea causes 4% of all deaths and 5% of health loss lead to disability world-wide. Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli can cause mild watery diarrhea to more serious complications from hemorrhagic colitis، and hemolytic uremic syndrome to even death. Present study was conducted to detect E. coli carrying Shiga toxin genes (stx1 and stx2) in E. coli isolated from patients with diarrhea in Hajar Hospital، Shahrekord، Iran. A total of 110 E. coli isolates collected from patients with diarrhea in 2011 were evaluated to investigate stx1، stx2 and eaeA genes by multiplex PCR. The rate of stx1 and eaeA-positive E. coli isolates were 2. 7% (3/110) and 1. 8% (2/110)، respectively. However، stx2 gene was not found in any isolate، eaeA was not also present in stx1-positive E. coli isolates. Virulence Genes were not found in E. coli isolated from Women. The most antibiotic resistance rates of isolated virulence genes-positive E. coli were to Ampicillin and Trimethoprim and lowest antibiotic resistance was observed against Gentamicin and Chloramphenicol. The present study indicates that other infectious agents may play major role in the cause of diarrhea in the tested samples، especially in the women. Further studies on the causes of diarrhea are recommended.

Pathogens can be transmitted to the humans through the consumption of contaminated meat and thus causing disease. Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli can cause mild watery diarrhea to more serious complications of hemorrhagic colitis، and hemolytic uremic syndrome to even death. Present study was conducted to detect Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli from sheep meat (lamb) in ChaharmahalvaBakhtiari، Iran. 90 Escherichia coli isolates from sheep meat in ChaharmahalvaBakhtiari were evaluated to investigate stx1، stx2 and eaeA genes by multiplex PCR. The rate of stx1 and eaeA-positive Escherichia coli isolates were 11. 11% (10/90) and 8. 88% (8/90)، respectively. Stx2 gene was not found in any isolate. Discussion and Lamb harbored Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli and could be a component of Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli transmission from lambs to the humans and can pose a risk to human health in the region.

Pigeons can be carriers of some human pathogens and contribute to transmission and spread of drug resistant infectious agents to human. Considering many people’s interests to keep pigeons، present study was conducted to PCR detection of Escherichia coli O157: H7 that is responsible for outbreaks of human intestinal diseases and fatal haemolytic-uraemic syndrome worldwide and evaluation of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Escherichia coli isolated from pigeons in Shahrekord. Altogether 180 samples of pigeon faeces were collected with sterile cotton swabs from different areas of Shahrekord، Iran. Swabs were placed directly into Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB). In the laboratory samples were streaked onto MacConkey agar and Cefixime Tellurite Sorbitol MacConkey agar as selective plating media. Antibiogram tests were then performed using disc diffusion method. Suspected colonies to E. coli O157: H7 were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). E. coli was isolated from 93 (51. 7%) of 180 the samples. Resistance of isolates to Cefotaxime، Imipenem، Cefixime، Amoxicillin، Cefalexin، Penicillin G and Oxacillin was 1. 1%، 3. 2%، 8. 6%، 22. 6%، 40. 9%، 90. 3% and 96. 7% respectively. E. coli O157: H7 was not found in any samples. Although pigeons were not sources or carriers of E. coli O157: H7 in the region، they harbored beta-lactam antibiotics resistant E. coli and could be an important component of drug-resistant infections transmission from pigeons to human، especially kids and can pose a risk to human health. Considering of what mentioned it is recommended to make pigeons owners and general public aware of potential dangers of pigeons keeping.

Trypanosomes infect the blood of the vertebrate host, causing fever, weakness, and lethargy, which lead to weight loss and anemia; in some animals the disease is fatal unless treated and causes serious economic losses. Considering the importance of what mentioned present study was conducted to detection of Trypanosoma in healthy equids. 116 blood samples collected from Lorestan, Hamedan, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari, Guilan, Isfahan and Fars provinces and were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Trypanosoma was not found in any samples. Fortunately, this may suggest that the disease is not prevalent or prevalence of the disease is very low in Iran. It is suggested to prevent the disease by preventing equids suspected of carrying the disease from entering the country and imported healthy equids should be tested by serological and molecular tests

Most birds probably can carry Listeria spp. asymptomatically in their intestines with varying prevalence and can transmit the pathogens to human. The genus-listeria has two pathogenic species namely، L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii. L. monocytogenes is a well-known cause of abortion، encephalitis and septicaemia in man and animals. L. ivanovii is an animal pathogen and in rare cases cause human infection. Hence، This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of pathogenic L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in wild cage birds faeces from Shahrekord. Altogether 103 samples of bird faeces were collected with sterile cotton swabs from different areas of Shahrekord، Iran. Swabs were placed directly into Listeria enrichment broth. Secondly enrichments were streaked on Palcam agar. Then evaluated to detect L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Neither L. monocytogenes nor L. ivanovii were found in birds of this study. The present result suggested that wild cage birds may have no role in the transmission of L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in the region.

Data describing the microbiological status of a country’s meat products can be of great value: in acting as a de facto validation of the country’s regulatory systems، as a baseline for setting performance standards and in supporting risk assessment. O26، O45، O91، O103، O111، O113، O121، O128، O145، and O157 are the most common serotypes of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli associated with human disease. Considering the importance of what mentioned and the potential ability of sheep meat to transmit enterohemorrhagic E. coli to humans، the present study was conducted to evaluate sheep meat contamination to E. coli and E. coli O157، O26 and O128 serotypes in Shahrekord by PCR. Altogether 135 samples of sheep carcasses were collected from Jooneghan abattoir، Chaharmahalvabakhtiari، Iran. Samples enriched in Tryptone Soya Broth (TSB). Then، incubated broth culture was streaked onto Sorbitol MacConkey agar and MacConkey agar as selective plating media. Suspected colonies were tested by polymerase chain reaction. The contamination rate in sheep carcasses with E. coli was 50. 37% (68 out of 135). 1. 48% (2 out of 135) of the samples was contaminated with E. coli O128. E. coli O157 and O26 were not found in any samples. Present study suggests E. coli O157 and O26 are not prevalent in the region.

Toxoplasma gondii is an important zoonotic protozoan parasite that can infect man and animals. The pathogen can infect the fetus by congenital transmission during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate T. gondii infection in people referred to health care centers in northern and central regions of Iran. Materials and method s: Serum samples from 712 individuals in Mazandaran، Isfahan and ChaharmahalvaBakhtiari provinces، Iran، were examined for the levels of anti-T. Gondii IgG by ELISA. Prevalence of T. gondii infection in respect of gender and age was analyzed.

The overall anti - T. gondii IgG prevalence in the study population was 72. 05%. In Mazandaran، Isfahan and ChaharmahalvaBakhtiari provinces،in male population respectively 87. 6، 41. 46 and 61. 81% and in female population respectively 89. 31، 47. 61 and 64. 44% were sero-positive with anti-T. gondii IgG. Sero-prevalance of anti-T. gondii IgG in the females was higher than in the males in the northern and central regions of Iran. Discussion and

The present study demonstrates high prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in northern and central regions of Iran and a higher prevalence of T. gondii infection was observed in females. Significant difference in infection rate between individuals living in northern and central areas in Iran was found (p <0. 05)، which indicated that T. gondii infection is dependent on living places. Deeper investigations for the potential risk factors that threat the Iranian populations، especially female are recommended.

Birds can harbor human pathogens، including L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii and transmit then to the humans. Due to many people''s interests to keep pigeons، present study was conducted to determine the occurrence of L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii from pigeon faeces in Yazd. In the present study، 150 samples of bird faeces were collected with sterile cotton swabs from different areas of the city of Yazd، Iran. Swabs were placed directly into Listeria enrichment broth. One ml of primary enrichments was transferred to 9 ml of Frazer broth. Secondly enrichments were streaked on Palcam agar. Then، they were evaluated for detection of L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii by PCR method. Although overall prevalence of Listeria species was 2% (3 out of 150)، no L. monocytogenes and no L. ivanovii were found in our study. Discussion and The sources of Listeria spp. in birds are the foods they eat and the environments they live. Since nutritions، living environments، and hygiene level of pigeons are better than those of the wild birds، L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii were not found in any samples. The present result is suggesting that pigeons are not the source or the carrier of L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii in the region.

Respiratory disease conditions are continuing to cause heavy economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) has been incriminated as a possible additional causative agent in respiratory disease complex. Although، ORT has been proved to be highly sensitive to different chemical disinfectants، currently، ORT infection appears to have become endemic and can affected every new restocking even in previously cleaned and disinfected houses especially in areas with intensive poultry production as well as in multiple age farms. Considering the importance of what mentioned، present study was conducted to detection of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in broiler chickens with respiratory infection from Shahrekord، Iran. Altogether 93 tracheal swab samples collected from 31 broiler chicken flocks with respiratory diseases in Shahrekord، Iran. The samples were plated onto Blood agar containing Gentamicin and 5% defibrinated sheep blood and incubated under 5-7. 5% CO2 at 37°C for 48 hours. Suspected colonies were evaluated for detecting ORT by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The rate for respiratory infections with ORT was 19. 14% (18 out of 93). Present study suggests ORT can play a significant role in economic losses caused by respiratory diseases in the poultry industry of the region.

Pet birds may carry human infectious agents and some of these can be transmitted to people. Campylobacter bacteria are the most common bacteria that cause gastroenteritis worldwide. Considering people's interests to keep pet birds and the potential ability of pet birds to transmit Campylobacter to humans, the present study was conducted to evaluate Campylobacter infection in Shahrekord lovebirds by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Altogether 120 samples of lovebird faeces were collected from different areas of Shahrekord, Iran and evaluated for detection of Campylobacter by bacteriological and PCR methods. Campylobacter was isolated from 1.7% (2 out of 120) of samples. Campylobacter isolates showed high level of antibiotic resistance. The results of our study suggest that lovebird ownership can be a menace to people's health by Campylobacter infection. We hope that the results of this study lead to improvements in the understanding probable danger of pet bird ownership and programs against zoonoses.