حسین طهماسبی مقدم

A happy city plays a significant role in the development of tourism and can greatly contribute to the tourism industry. Happiness, as one of the most important factors influencing public health, also holds a crucial position in tourism. Therefore, focusing on the role of a happy city in tourism development can significantly aid in achieving the goals and advancement of the tourism industry. This research aims to elucidate the role of a happy city in the tourism development of the metropolitan area of Isfahan. The study employs a mixed-methods approach and is applied in nature. Statistical data were collected using a questionnaire from a sample of 20 university professors and tourism industry experts. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling and path coefficients in SmartPLS software. The results reveal that there are significant causal relationships between the influential factors of a happy city (social-cultural, economic-livelihood, managerial-administrative-political, environmental, psychological, spatial (physical) factors) and tourism development in Isfahan. The most significant component affecting tourism development in Isfahan is the social-cultural factor, followed by economic, spatial-physical, environmental, psychological, and managerial-administrative factors, with coefficients of 0.762, 0.239, 0.202, 0.217, 0.229, 0.231, and 0.203, respectively, all significant at the p<0.05 level. Among these, the social-cultural component has the highest impact with a coefficient of 0.762, followed by economic, spatial-physical, environmental, psychological, managerial-administrative, and service and infrastructure components on the development of tourism in the metropolitan area of Isfahan.

Today, quality of life is one of the most significant areas of research in urban planning. Its increasing influence on other urban characteristics, such as creativity in cities, makes it an effective tool in planning. Creative cities are centers that encompass unique features and provide an attractive environment for the activities and lives of professionals, artists, researchers, and, broadly speaking, creative individuals. This study aims to analyze the impact of quality of life components on the realization of a creative city in Tabriz. Therefore, the research is applied in nature and employs a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. The analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling and path analysis through the PLS software, which determined the impact and interrelationship of components. For sampling, experts and elites were chosen using an accessible method based on scientific experience, willingness, and capability to participate in the research. To assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, both the formal and construct (factor) validity methods, as well as Cronbach’s alpha test, were utilized. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the two constructs was obtained above 0.7, indicating desirable convergent validity of the questionnaire. The results show that all factor loadings exceed 0.5, which is a very acceptable scale for calculating latent variables in the model. Among the components, the physical-environmental component with a coefficient of 0.367, the urban facilities component with a coefficient of 0.312, and the socio-cultural component with a coefficient of 0.292 have the greatest impact on enhancing creativity in the metropolitan area of Tabriz. Conversely, the accessibility component with a coefficient of 0.241 and the economic component with a weight of 0.136 have the least impact on fostering creativity in the city.

only be implemented when the aforementioned land uses have balanced distribution across the city. In this regard, the present study is to investigate and evaluate learning land uses from the perspective of spatial justice for attain of the learning city approach in Zanjan; And the main goal of this research is to find out the spatial equilibrium in the distribution of learning land uses of Zanjan city, in order to develop the learning city approach. The research method was descriptive-analytical and data collection has done by using the library-documentary method. In addition, in order to analyze the findings, after describing the basic concepts of the learning city and taking into account the principles and indicators governing it, from two indicators of capacity and social justice have been used in the framework of comparing per capita and desirable levels, Nearest Neighborhood (NN) and entropy techniques. The results of the analysis of the distribution of learning land uses in the current situation indicate that the distribution of these land uses in the city are concentrated and clustered, with spatial imbalances. In such a way they show very high qualitative and quantitative differences between the three urban areas, especially indicated in the eastern margin of district two. Such a problem has hampered the development of the learning city approach in Zanjan and has resulted in the concentration of these services in the center of the city and their shortage in the peripheral areas as made a profound inequalities between the residential areas of the city. Therefore, the results of the research provide suggestions for reorganizing learning land uses to establish a spatial justice approach at the city level.

The mission of this article is to evaluate the physical resilience of the texture of District 8 of Shiraz. This area includes the primary core of Shiraz city and besides historical buildings that have cultural heritage value. Most of this area is residential and has a population of 35,727. The method of this research is descriptive - analytical and based on spatial data related to buildings in this area. The indicators used in this research are the index of building age, building quality, building skeleton, number of building floors, building area and building facade materials. The models used in this research include spatial regression model to discover the pattern trend that has been done using Geoda software; And Moran’s I model is used to discover the spatial pattern (clustered, random, scattered) of physical resorption in the region, and Moran’s local insulin model is used to observe clusters formed in Arc Gis software . The results showed that out of a total of 12717 units of buildings in this area, 2371 units equivalent to 18 .6 % are in good condition; And 3587 units equal to 28 .20 % are in unfavorable condition and 6759 units equivalent to 53 .14% are in average condition. In general, most of the texture of District 8 of Shiraz is in non - resilient and moderate resilient clusters. Which are prone to many casualties and financial losses in the event of an accident; Therefore, they need to act quickly in order to make a comparison

This research, using a mixed research method and with an applied nature, has analyzed the factors affecting the conflict caused by inner-city accidents in the context of Zanjan city. The results of this research show that in Zanjan city, the highest number of inner-city accidents occur in the months of early October to late February. . Also, the highest number of accidents happen between 11 am and 2 pm. From 2 pm to 5 pm, the number of accidents decreases; But it returns to its peak again from 17:00 to 18:00 in the evening. These patterns may be related to factors such as traffic, daily activities, peak traffic hours, and the state of the days of the month. For example, there may be more traffic in the months of early October to late February, and longer days may increase the number of accidents. A fuzzy Delphi analysis, the effective components in the occurrence of conflicts and quarrels in urban accidents in different areas of Zanjan city have been identified. Recklessness and rebelliousness, post-accident stress, profanity and time-consuming car repair have been identified as the main components. In order to reduce conflict and conflict in urban accidents in the mentioned neighborhoods, it is necessary to pay attention to improving the behavior of drivers, reducing stress after the accident, improving communication skills and mutual respect, and providing fast and efficient maintenance services for car repairs in the mentioned neighborhoods.

What has fueled the reduction of the living standards among the residents of informal settlements is the perpetuation of complex problems in socio-cultural, environmental, economic, infrastructural dimensions.

The aim of the study is to determine and investigate the different aspects of the quality of urban life that affect the satisfaction of the residents in informal settlements.

The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the data were collected through the questionnaire. The evaluation of the reliability was via Cronbach's alpha, and the validity of the research was via face validity. The statistical population included the residents of the informal settlement of Yousef Abad neighborhood in Tabriz metropolis, and a sample of 350 people was selected. SPSS software was used for data analysis.

Geographical Context: 

The area under study is Yusefabad neighborhood of Tabriz. Yusefabad is located on the slopes of Eynali Mount and the hills. This zone is within the Abbasi neighborhood.

According to the findings, the most significant relationship with the satisfaction of residents belongs to the variables of employment status (0.791) and income status (0.788), and the lowest value belongs to the variable of environmental security (0.601) and symbolic image of the environment (0.636). Also, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that the sub-indicators of environmental security (0.801) and income status (0.473) have the most significant impact on the satisfaction of the residents of Yousefabad neighborhood Tabriz.

Based on the results, the residents' satisfaction with the quality of urban life was evaluated at a low level of 2.85, which indicates the unfavorable level of the quality of urban life in the informal settlement of Yusef Abad.

During the pandemic and spread of Corona Virus, human life, and cities were exposed to a difficult risk, which has exposed urban societies in all their elements, more than just local and topical damages. Therefore, the current research aims to analyze the effective factors that increase social resilience to the Corona epidemic through social crisis management. This research is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of its purpose. Based on an analysis of the theoretical foundations of the research and a Delphi method with experts in urban planning who belong to research centers and universities as panelists, the research components were identified. This research used a library method and a survey method in the form of a questionnaire to collect the required data. In the analysis section of the confirmatory factor analysis model in the form of structural equation modeling in AMOS software, the type of components was analyzed according to the impact and effectiveness on other components. The analysis of the structure of the identified effective factors using confirmatory factor analysis shows that the identified factors have a significant structural relationship in creating resilient communities against Corona in Zanjan. The results also show that participation and social networks factor (F1) with a factor load of 0.89, social capital factor (F2) with a factor load of 0.88, knowledge and skills (F3) with a factor load of 0.85, and awareness (F4) with a factor load of 0.75, have the greatest effect in creating resilient societies against the corona disease.

The endogenous growth pattern reflects the importance of the quality of human capital and even the social system and governance in which culture is considered as the source of ideas for economic sectors. A review of the policies and priorities for the development of the new economy highlights the importance of creative city indicators in managing the challenges and cultural and economic diversity of current cities. The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and it is applied in terms of purpose. . The method of data collection is mainly library and documentary by means of catch-up, housing statistical blocks of 2016 and detailed plan map of 2015. Combined methods of  the factor analysis and spatial statistics in GIS are used for analysis. Most of Zanjan's neighborhoods lacked creative class attraction indices and spatial distribution of Zanjan's central and northern creative city indices was relatively favorable. Zanjan's neighborhood development policies have less attention to the interests and priorities of the creative class, and urban spaces other than the central and northern neighborhoods are not conducive to social interaction and creativity of residents, and urban residents, especially urban east and west, have become passive recipients of urban services and facilities.

The indiscriminate constructions and residential and administrative constructions of the 7th district of Tehran municipality have caused the changes and developments of this area not to proceed in a logical and orderly manner; The results of such a process are many anomalies and visual disturbances that have occurred in the image and body of urban spaces; Therefore, the purpose of this research was to express the need to know the indicators of the beautification of the 7th district of Tehran and to identify the key factors affecting the state of urban vitality; which has used survey and descriptive-analytical research methods. The statistical population of this research is the 7th district of Tehran Municipality, where 200 people were selected as a sample by simple random sampling method. The reliability of research indicators was calculated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which was more than 70% for all research factors, and Bartlett's test was used to measure the validity of the research. The findings of the research showed that the first hypothesis of the research that the beautification of urban spaces is undesirable in the studied area has been confirmed and requires more effort from city managers. In other words, the findings obtained from the t-test showed; The significance level for all factors is P=0.000>0.05; Therefore, the first hypothesis is confirmed; The second hypothesis was the effect of the beautification factors of urban spaces on vitality in the study area, the findings showed that according to the critical ratio of each of the beautification factors affecting the vitality of urban spaces, which is above 1.5 and the value of the p statistic that is separate for each The factors of the beautification of roads and sidewalks, the structure and arrangement of buildings and urban furniture have been investigated, leading to urban vitality, and the mentioned hypothesis is also confirmed.

Purpose context: 

Environmental sustainability is one of the most fundamental issues of today's city and is the result of their conflict and confrontation with the natural environment, and with the expansion of the city and urbanization, environmental manifestations and values ​​are exposed to more fragility. Hence, this paper tries to evaluate the prevailing situation of environmental sustainability of the city by using environmental drivers.

This research is descriptive-analytical and applied in terms of purpose. The time domain of this research was (August 2016) and its spatial area was in accordance with the area of ​​the central fabric of Zanjan city according to the last plan approved in 2018 (492 hectares). It is estimated.

Based on the results obtained through the TOPSIS-ANP ​​combined technique, after converting the final points in the interval (100, 0) and considering the quantitative value of the Economist measurement unit, among the localities located in the worn out context, 51% have an average environmental status. It is low that should be considered in the planning for the stability of the texture.

the accumulation of factors attracting capital and activity in the worn-out fabric of the central part of Zanjan city on one hand and the lack of complete land occupation on the other hand; It has caused the density and concentration of all kinds of activities in this area. This phenomenon has led to the saturation of uses, excessive fragmentation of land, the complexity of the land ownership and lease system, inappropriate and intense exploitation of space, which itself has been the foundation of all kinds of pollution and other conflicts.

Smart monitoring systems such as closed-circuit television (CCTV) and smartphones play an important role in urban management and security. The purpose of this article is to analyze the spatial distribution of closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras and their relationship and performance in reducing urban crime. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical .we used to analyze the general Q-Q Geostatistics, central mean, standard deviation ellipses and graphical models based on GIS environment. Findings of the present study indicated that the standard deviation ellipse is complete and the central average of robbery crimes over the last 7 years has shifted from the central tissue to the outskirts of Zanjan areas. The general Q-Q method shows that there is a significant relationship between the distribution of CCTV cameras and the distribution of theft crimes in Zanjan. In other words, with the increase of CCTV cameras, the number of theft crimes decreases and vice versa, with the decrease of CCTV cameras, the number of theft crimes increases. Cornell's findings also confirm that the Geography of crimes in Zanjan has a specific orientation, and that criminals understand the dangers and refrain from committing crimes within the scope of surveillance and surveillance of cameras. In areas which cameras surveillance is lower or empty distributions of crimes are increased In other words, the central areas of crimes in 2011 have been reduced in 2020 and the Northwest area of the city is affected by insecurity and increased crime due to lack of cameras.

The purpose of this study is to explain the pattern of spatial distribution of inner city parks with the approach of spatial justice in the city of Sabzevar. The research method is descriptive - analytical. In order to analyze and explain the distribution of spatial patterns of spatial statistical methods such as the nearest neighborhood and the city Park Service Service network analysis in GIS was used. What distinguishes the present study from the previous research is the study and analysis of the pattern of spatial distribution and the amount of access in different classes of urban parks in different levels of Sabzevar city. The results showed that the functional radius of urban parks in Sabzevar city, at the regional level, indicates the desired functional radius in the central urban contexts, which decreases its desirability by moving away from the city center. Lack of proper distribution of inner city parks in the western part of Sabzevar has reduced the usefulness and performance of regional parks and excessive concentration of these parks in the eastern part of the city has increased the radius of performance and usefulness in the eastern parts of Sabzevar. Inadequate and unjust distribution of inner city parks in different levels of Sabzevar city On the other hand, the disproportion of population and per capita green space has led to intensified unfair distribution of parks in urban areas, districts and neighborhoods because The population is 7088 people with a per capita of 24 square meters, ie for each person there is 24 square meters of green space and a surplus of green space.

NGOs can play a key role in providing first-hand services to communities in reducing the impact and vulnerability to crises. Therefore, the present study examines the role of non-governmental organizations in increasing social resilience against the Corona pandemic. The present research is qualitative in nature, descriptive-analytical in nature. Library studies and articles are used to collect information and the data collection tool is a questionnaire. Fuzzy Delphi technique and structural equation method have been used for analysis. In the first stage, Delphi out of 26 components, 22 components higher than 0.7 have been obtained, and in the second stage, all the studied components have been approved. The results show that the independent variables of the present study have a positive and significant effect on the independent variable of research (resilience), participation, prevention, empowerment, and support, respectively. The research findings also indicate that in increasing social resilience in Corona Crisis Index of financial and service support to prevent the spread of the virus and to facilitate transparency in information on the latest status and cases related to Corona; And consultation with banks and financial and credit institutions to attract their attention to pay more attention to vulnerable groups has been most effective.

Today, educational spaces are one of the most important uses in cities and are of considerable importance compared to other uses of urban services. Allocation of space to this use is one of the important issues that are considered in urban planning. The metropolis of Tabriz is among the cities in which the spatial distribution of urban services, including educational services, has not been done properly and adequately. In order to solve the problems caused by this issue and also increase the efficiency of these spaces, it seems necessary to pay attention to proper organization and distribution. Accordingly, the present study uses spatial statistics models, hot spot analysis and spatial autocorrelation in Arc / GIS software to investigate the spatial distribution of educational applications in the city of Tabriz. The required data has also been collected by the library method and by referring to the relevant sources and organizations. The results show that there is inequality in the general educational situation in the blocks of Tabriz; Zones 1 and 2 of Zone 2 and Zone 5 of Zone 4, and Zone 1 of Zone 8, Zone 1 of Zone 3 and Zone 3 of Zone 10 have the most weight and Zones 4 and 6 of Zone 5, Zone 2 of Zone 9 and finally Area 1 of Area 6 has the lowest weight of educational uses. In such a way that these areas are at a lower level in terms of stability. Also, according to Moran index, the spatial distribution of educational uses in Tabriz metropolis is clustered. Based on this index, the existing inequality in the distribution of the intended user is quite obvious.Adequate access to public service facilities can be considered as an important indicator for improving the quality of life, which is one of the foundations of justice policies. This helps to meet the basic needs of urban residents, as it has a profound effect on the participation of urban residents in specific physical activities. As a result, poor spatial access to urban facilities can worsen the quality of life for residents of affected neighborhoods. Therefore, to achieve a sustainable distribution system of urban facilities, ensure adequate and easy access of urban residents to these facilities, and improve the quality of life of affected residents, its study is important for urban planners in recent decades, Tabriz metropolis due to development The growing physical and demographic population is witnessing the imbalance of the distribution system of public land uses, including educational land, and the balance of spatial distribution of land uses and education centers in this metropolis have been disturbed, causing spatial inequality in access to facilities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution of education services using spatial statistics in the GIS environment in the metropolitan areas of Tabriz and to identify the inequalities in the availability of educational services in the metropolitan areas of the city, because attention to equitable distribution These services will increase social welfare, the spatial balance of the population, maintain the safety of citizens and reduce social tensions. In line with the above objectives, the present study seeks to answer this question: Spatial pattern of service distribution and educational uses What is it like in the blocks of Tabriz metropolis?

     Due to the nature of the subject and objectives of the research, the type of applied research and research method is based on the descriptive-analytical method. The required information has been obtained by the documentary method and based on the latest comprehensive plan of Tabriz metropolis (2011). The statistical population of the study includes ten areas of Tabriz metropolis. To study and identify the distribution of educational uses and weights of this use in different areas of Tabriz and also its distribution pattern from spatial statistics models, spot analysis Hot Spot Analysis and Spatial Autocorrelation (Morans I) are used in GIS software.

      Hot spots analysis has been used in different areas of Tabriz in order to investigate the spatial distribution of educational uses. This statistical analysis calculates Gettys-Ardji statistics for all features present in the data. Also, according to the calculated Z score, it can be shown in which blocks the data are clustered with high or low values. As explained in the research method, the larger the Z-score, the higher the values ​​are highly clustered and form a hot spot. In the case of statistically negative and significant Z, the smaller the Z-score, the more intense the clustering of low values ​​and the indication of cold spots. The results of this analysis in two types of numerical and graphic outputs show that the features are randomly, scattered or clustered in space. If the value of the Moran index is close to a positive number (+1), the data have a spatial autocorrelation and their distribution pattern is clustered, and if the Moran value is close to a negative number (1-), the data view is broken and their distribution pattern is scattered. In the case of this tool, the null hypothesis is that there is no spatial clustering between attribute values ​​associated with geographic features. Moran index calculated for 1390 is equal to 0.127204. This value is less than one and on the other hand the value of P-value is equal to zero, it can be concluded that the desired indicators have spatial autocorrelation and because the value of Moran is positive and close to one, so the spatial distribution of educational uses in Tabriz to the form is clustered and concentrated, and this factor shows that spatial justice has not been observed in the distribution of the intended uses. 

        Therefore, in this study, using spatial statistics models, hot spot analysis and spatial autocorrelation in Arc GIS software, the spatial distribution of educational applications in the city of Tabriz has been studied. The results show that there is inequality in the blocks of Tabriz in terms of the general educational situation. Thus, the blocks with high weight for educational use and high concentration of hot spots are in the desired condition, which includes areas 1 and 2 of area 2 and area 5 of area 4, area 1 of area 8, area 1 of area 3 and area 3 are from area 10. Also, blocks with low training weight and low concentration of hot spots, which include areas 4 and 6 of area 5, area 2 of area 9, and finally area 1 of area 6, which are at a low level in terms of urban sustainability. There are more. Also, the application of general G coefficient showed that the spatial pattern of concentration of educational centers in Tabriz is a random pattern towards high concentration (hot spot). In fact, the areas of Tabriz with a large number of educational centers, are concentrated close to each other and have formed hot clusters. According to Moran's index, the spatial distribution of educational uses in the city of Tabriz is clustered and centralized, and this factor showed that spatial justice was not observed in the distribution of educational uses.

A resilient society is one that can have structures, processes, and identity when a sudden or gradual change and pressure occurs in it, which can transform into a new and better organization and continue its life on a better level. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of public participation in increasing the social resilience of informal settlements against the epidemic of Covid-19 in Zanjan city. This applied research used aqualitative-quantitative method. Data collection was based on a specialized and documentary survey method, and the sample size included 15 experts from universities and research centers.The purposeful sampling method was used. Moreover, structural equation analysis model and path analysis method in PLS software were used for data processing. The findings show that among the indicators of social interaction, the tendency to communicate through virtual space is the most important variable, and the coefficient of determination of the variable “role of public participation” on the variable “social resilience against the diseases of Covid-19” is 0.853, which means that 85% of the changes in the dependent variable (resilience) are investigated with 4 independent variables(social trust, social cohesion, social bond and social interaction).Therefore,all four independent research variables have been able to simultaneously examine more than70% of dependent variables and influence resilience through17criteria defined in relation to each other. The remaining15% is obtained from other factors that indirectly affect resilience and the dependent variable of the research. Finally, it can be said that the vulnerable neighborhoods of Zanjan moderate the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic with the use of participation and as a result of promoting social resilience.

In recent decades, excessive concentration in metropolitan areas and the polarization of industry and employment in cities and the abandonment of the surrounding area have led to land grabbing and uneven development of land use change, functional and structural changes in developing societies, including Iran. This spatial inequality has disrupted sustainable development in villages as well as cities, especially in urban peripheral environments. In this research, the functional relations of Zanjan city with the surrounding villages, which are under the direct influence of the city, have been considered. These villages have undergone fundamental changes in recent decades, and even their function and structure have changed completely. Considering these developments and their differences in special cases of suburban settlements in Zanjan, the integration of the spatial system of the city and its surroundings has been done based on the theoretical approach; Therefore, the research questions are as follows: What are the explanatory drivers of urban economy in Zanjan according to its current situation? Secondly, which factors related to the economic drivers of Zanjan have the greatest impact on the quality of life of peripheral villages?

The present study is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and applied in terms of purpose. To collect the analytical data in a combined way, the survey and Delphi methods were used. In this regard, first, a conceptual indicator explaining the urban economic drivers was collected in a systematic study and review of resources, and then, the data analysis stage was carried out using a survey method as a questionnaire from the opinions of 50 related experts. Final concepts were analyzed using exploratory research tools, heuristic and confirmatory factor analysis models and regression analysis of path analysis, amount and manner of impact of economic components of Zanjan on the livelihood of peripheral villages in the form of structural equation modeling software (smart pls). To assess the validity of the questionnaires, several professors and experts in the field of urban planning and urban planning confirmed it. The reliability level of the research questionnaire was 0.81 using Cronbach's alpha method, which indicates a high coefficient of confidence.

Spatial imbalance is evident in the urban system of Zanjan province and despite 21 urban points in this province, urban growth and expansion is more specific to the four main cities of Zanjan, Qeydar, Khorramdareh and Abhar. Over time, despite the decline of the first city in Zanjan province, the urban system tends to balance. Despite the increase in the number of small cities to reduce the imbalance in the urban system of the province, we witness a long distance between these cities and the first city; Other effective factors in exacerbating this inequality and imbalance can be the geographical factor, the way of budget allocation in the cities of the province, inadequate distribution of population and concentration of facilities and infrastructure in Zanjan and its undisputed role in the urban system of the province and the insignificant role of cities.

The research findings show that most of the villagers are completely dependent on the city in terms of services, since cities are places where information is spread around. Based on field studies and distribution of questionnaires, sales of agricultural and horticultural products to the city scored the highest score among marketing and sales indicators and the amount of food supplies purchased from the city per month with a load of 0.73. Many experts and specialists in the agricultural sector believe that marketing is one of the necessities of the rural production system and agriculture, the importance of which is very evident in the process of rural production. The importance of this issue is such that, marketing is a more important category than production and marketing is mentioned as the invisible hand of production in developed countries and even in developing countries. This amount is above average, so the villages are completely dependent on the city of Zanjan for marketing and selling their products. Villagers come to this city to sell their products. Of course, proximity and short distance are also more reasons and causes numerous traffic and visits of the villagers. Then there is the index of purchasing food items from the city per month. The flow of urban investment in the economic activities of the villages, the flow of communication to purchase and supply of necessities with the values ​​of 2.227 and 2.045 have the lowest amount. Also, all independent variables could have a significant effect on the dependent variable. Therefore, the findings show that the economic drivers of Zanjan have had a great impact on the quality of life in peripheral villages.

Imbalances and regional imbalances are one of the major challenges of spatial development in Iran which has led to the formation of inefficient and disrupted urban system in the country with the expansion of urbanization and increasing number of cities. The cities of Zanjan province, like most of the provinces in the country, have regional imbalances such as the imbalance of the province's spatial organization. This research aims to understand the differences and changes of the urban system, It has studied the transmutation of the spatial organization of the urban system of Zanjan province during the period 1335to1395. In this research, descriptive-analytical research method and documentary-library data collection method were used. Descriptive-analytical method and library and documentation information using quantitative models: Urban Primacy Index, Two City Index, Four City Index, Mahta Four City Index, Todim model, digital elevation model were used. The results show that spatial imbalance is evident in Zanjan province's urban system and despite 21 urban points in this province, urban growth and development is more specific to the four main cities of Zanjan, Qidar, Khorramdareh and Abhar. Over time, unlike the first urban decline in Zanjan province, the urban system tends to be in equilibrium. Despite the increase in the number of small towns in order to reduce the imbalance in the urban system of the province, we see a large distance from these cities with the first city leading the urban system to imbalance. have given; Other factors that exacerbate this inequality and imbalance include geographical factor, budget allocation in provincial cities, inadequate population distribution and concentration of facilities and infrastructure in Zanjan city and its undesirable role in provincial urban system and insignificant role of cities. And their almost one-sided relationship with the center of the province, the city of Zanjan.

The purpose of this paper is to explain the factors affecting social resilience against biological hazards with emphasis on Covid-19 in order to unveil the shadowing of this phenomenon, a phenomenon that has long been discussed from its text layers and sub-layers to different angles of attitude drills. The research method in this study, in terms of descriptive - analytical and practical purpose. To collect the required data, the library method (Covid 19 disease distribution map, valid books and articles in line with the research topic) and the survey method were used as a questionnaire and Delphi method. To analyze the data and prepare the data, SPSS software was used for the statistical population of 133156 households in Zanjan with a sample size of 321 and data analysis was performed using research analytical tools (from exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis model in the form of structural equation modeling). The results show that the analysis of conceptual characteristics using heuristic factor analysis reveals the four main explanatory factors as factors; Awareness and health with a coefficient of 0.74, attitude with a coefficient of 0.78, skill with a coefficient of 0.82, social capital and justice with a coefficient of 0.73 identified the contract and analysis of the communication structure of the identified effective factors using confirmatory factor analysis showed that the identified factors have a structural relationship It is significant for being effective in social resilience against Corona in Zanjan.

Housing as one of the basic human needs a significant impact on the health and improve the quality of life of individuals. The quality of housing as one of the main foundations of a comprehensive program and a necessary tool for expressing the various dimensions of economic, social, cultural, environmental and physical development of sustainable, has a special place in urban planning. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial quality of housing quality in urban neighborhoods in central Zanjan city. The type of research is applied and descriptive-analytic in nature. The information gathering method was used by the library method (set of statistical blocks of 1395 and detailed plan of 1394). Combined methods of the Tedim model and the geographic information system are used to analyze the data. The results of the research show that inequalities are found among the middle areas of Zanjan city. In the residential areas, 18.91% of the low-quality housing, including the besim neighborhoods, ghabrestan balla, Vahdat, Khatam, Amadgah, Goljak Abad, 21.80% of the dwellings The relatively low quality of the ashaghi gabristan, the shahada, Meydan enghelab , alley waliasr, Niksazan, 22.71% of the average quality housing, including the district of the Forodgah, Rajaee Town, Amjadiyeh, Najaem, Qadas, Fateh, 17.43% of the relatively high quality housing Which includes eastern Ansariyah, Vahidieh, Shoghi, 17  Shahrivar, shahada masged, Goniyeh, Jachr('39')fariyah and ultimately Lots of Azadi, Ansarieh, Etemadieh, Black Alley, North Saadi 19.15% of the houses are of high quality.

Urban passageways, as one of the important physical elements of the city, have a significant role in the vulnerability, so that if blocked, they may increase the damage and damage many times before and after the earthquake; Issues and disruptions have led to disaster management as an approach to reduce the vulnerability to natural hazards, especially earthquakes in cities, so it is important to examine the network because of its close relationship with other land uses. The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial network vulnerability of passages to reduce its vulnerability to earthquakes in the central part of Zanjan city. In this regard, the present study, using the descriptive-analytical method, using statistical blocks data set of 2016, detailed plan of 2015 and referees' views, compiled comprehensive indicators and analyzed for AHP model in ArcGIS environment and finally by combining criteria and Fuzzy Logic Generation Layers has analyzed the vulnerability of an urban road network to earthquakes. The findings show that the high burnout of the buildings in the passage walls, high population density, and a high degree of confinement has made the central part of Zanjan city highly vulnerable to possible earthquakes. The total area of the study area was 82 hectares, 9.2 hectares of high vulnerability, 20.4 hectares of high vulnerability, 25.4 hectares of moderate vulnerability, and 11.5 hectares of low vulnerability and 15.5 hectares of 29 hectares. They are very vulnerable and very vulnerable. Finally, it can be stated that the most important factors of the passage network in the central part of Zanjan are: exhaustion of passage wall texture, high density of passage-related population, and a high degree of blockage of passages.

Spatial construction of cities as an onion; although looks simple from outside, is literally beguiling because it is of many layers; if each layer is examined separately, we would lose the whole in entirety. In the study of the spatial construction of worn-out fabric and its content (sustainability status), its causes and factors should not be viewed only from one angle. Viewed hence, the present study is an attempt to understand the macro driving forces rhythms affecting the present construction of worn out fabric of Zanjan city, and to examine the degree to which such rhythms have an effect on the current status of the same area. To these ends, using library study and field observation (interview with heads of households  residing the fabric (491 people) and experts (30 people)), the data were collected and then analyzed using ArcGIS and LISREL software. The results showed that macroeconomic structural factors with a significance coefficient of 9.99 and an impact factor of 0.92explain, to a greater extent, the spatial construction of the worn-out fabric of Zanjan. In other words, a centralized and state-oriented economic structure, oil economy and its impact on the spatial transformations of the city, and spatial allocation of financial resources in a homogeneous manner have managed to exert the greatest impact factor on the spatial construction of the present worn-out fabric of Zanjan city. Also, macro-physical factors occupy the second level of influence and explain the multi-layered spatial construction of Zanjan’s worn-out urban fabric. Renovation of the first shell of the building blocks at the edge of the main thoroughfares has ended in relying on commercial spaces. Width of passages and incentive approvals for renovation of old fabric have provided the possibility of high-rise construction and an increase in buildings’ height, culminating in the development of new "spatial envelopes" in stark contrast to the second and third layers of the fabric.

In a rapidly changing urbanized world, providing healthy and affordable housing is a key priority for all governments. Today, the concept of housing is not just a shelter; it plays a vital role in achieving sustainable development. Access to sustainable housing in many developing countries due to the rapid growth of urbanization is faced with many problems like financial, managerial and capacity problems that have led to the formation of low-quality housing, the expansion of slum and urban segregation. Accordingly, the present study aims to analyze the quantitative indices of housing with a sustainable approach in Zanjan urban areas. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and by using the TODIM technique in the GIS environment, the analysis of the sustainability of quantitative indicators of housing in urban areas has been addressed. The required data are collected through library studies such as the Statistical Block of Housing 2011 and related documents. The findings of the study showed that housing in urban areas of Zanjan faces problems such as the increasing number of people in the room, the density of the household in the residential unit and the lack of housing insecurity, and density of the room in residential units in terms of sustainable housing principles. Based on the results of TODIM technique, the housing indicators in the areas of 1-3 (Islamabad, Sa'dia), 1-2 (Darmangah, Shohada, and Fatemieh), and 2-5 (Bisim, Trans, and Bonyad) are less sustainable.

One of the most important issues is the theory of sustainable development and its recent approach (livable) which, like other modern approaches to the theory of sustainable development, while posing a problem in the city, leads us to have a more favorable city for sustainable urban life and development. The origins of the worn-out texture of the central part of Zanjan, which is the core of the city, exhibits a different face than the city, from various aspects of environmental sustainability including environmental, economic and social health. Therefore, the present study focuses on the worn-out texture of the central part of Zanjan by analyzing the livelihood approach to analyze the status of its social viability. Understanding this process will undoubtedly be an important tool in achieving the long-term aspiration of aging tissue planning.

The present study seeks to explain the present situation and to write a scenario for the future situation. Therefore, the future research approach is dominant in this research. In this respect, the research method is based on heuristic analysis. Field studies (observation, interviews and questionnaires) and library studies (study of documents, statistics and research backgrounds and theories) were used for data collection. The statistical population of the study consisted of worn-out texture of Zanjan. According to population of 75057, wear-resistant texture of Zanjan city, using Cochran sampling method with 0.05 error, the total sample population was 384 persons. Factor analysis, goodness-of-fit analysis and interaction / structural effects analysis were used for data analysis.

Investigation of the relationship between independent variables (education, social capital, security, health and leisure) and dependent (factor bias) based on factor loadings (γ) shows that among the five dimensions relationship with biodiversity of Zanjan, social capital component with Standard coefficient 1.09 has the highest and security component with standard coefficient 0.08 has the least relationship with Zanjan city's viability. Therefore, in order to achieve the social indicators of a sustainable city, the social security component in Zanjan needs to be further strengthened. On the other hand, examining the relationship between latent variables (education, social capital, security, health and leisure) and explicit (components shown in a rectangular form) based on factor loadings (λ) shows that among the components of education Per capita index of educational spaces with standard coefficient of 0.34 in social capital component of neighborhood trust index with standard coefficient of 0.34, in health component of public health care quality index with standard coefficient of 0.24, in security component of voluntary security patrols index with standard coefficient of 0.98, in Leisure component of the quality index of access to leisure and sports facilities with the coefficient of standard 0.34 has the most to do with the social viability of Zanjan.

In this regard, the results of the research approach with MICMIC showed that indicators of "satisfaction with space for the elderly", "level of social corruption", and "informal night-time surveillance through diversity of uses", and "membership in public institutions" It has the most instability. The result is that in the future, the sustainability of Zanjan city in terms of socio-cultural structures is an improvement of these indicators. On the other hand, considering the socio-cultural structure of the worn-out texture of Zanjan with high levels of social capital, explaining the relationships between the components showed that the indicators of "educational spaces per capita", "drug use", "quality of access to Libraries "," pedestrian and nocturnal security, "" access to private health care, "and" membership of public institutions "have very strong relationships. And these are bilateral relations with the "per capita educational spaces" component. This practice also shows that the issue of education and reaching its standards is one of the most important social priorities for making Zanjan city viable for future generations.

The growing demand for mobile communications services has led to an increase in the number of telecommunication towers, especially in urban areas in recent years. One of the important issues that have plagued societies in parallel with the increase in the number of telecommunication towers is the concerns related to the possible dangers, posed by the radiations of the mentioned towers on the health of the citizens. In the meantime, residential areas and sensitive population centers are parts of the city where citizens are exposed to radiations from mobile phone towers for a longer period of time. As a result, citizens' health concerns are becoming more serious in these areas. The purpose of this study is to monitor the health of the citizens with the optimal site selection of mobile telecommunication towers approach in district 1 of Zanjan municipality. The research method is descriptive-analytical and it is applicable in terms of applied results. The required data and information were collected through library studies and field visits and gis were used to analyze the data. The results show that currently, due to the uncertainty in responding to the risk of  long-term effects of radiations of mobile telecommunication towers on the health of citizens, the current solution is to avoid exposure to towers radiations. Out of the 29 towers in the study area, 5 towers must be relocated due to non-compliance with standard distances with residential areas and sensitive population centers.--