حسین میکائیلی

Due to the resistance of pathogenic bacteria and fungi to common drugs and the inclination towards natural food preservatives, researchers are exploring antimicrobial agents of plant with organic origin as alternative compounds. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal properties of various extracts of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Ghizil Uzum grape skin and seeds extracted through different methods.

Grape seed and skin extracts were obtained using maceration, sonication, deep eutectic solvent (DES), and a combination of sonication-DES methods. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of the extracts were determined using the agar well diffusion method, as well as the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) (or minimum fungicidal concentration, MFC) against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes as well as on Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium solani, Cladosporium and Penicillium citrinum.

The results showed that the combined sonication-DES method had the lowest MIC (0.78 mg/ml) and MBC (1.56 mg/ml) for the skin and seed extracts, indicating the effectiveness of this method in extracting phenolic compounds compared to other conventional methods (p≤ 0.05). Additionally, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus exhibited the lowest MIC and MBC values among the tested bacteria , while Cladosporium showed the lowest MIC and MFC among the fungi. Furthermore, grape seed extract obtained through the sonication-DES method demonstrated higher capability in controlling and inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and spoilage microorganisms compared to other extraction methods, making it a promising extraction method for herbal compounds.

Kurdish, like any other language, needs changed and exchange to survive and develop. However, any change in language is not acceptable and natural. The chaotic writing and speaking of Kurdish in these days, except some cases, result from the negligence of its speakers, especially the literates. Kurdish language errors are caused due to different reasons such as not having a formal and accurate reading/writing form, inability of translators and loan translation, the chaos in media language, etc. This paper dealt with the language errors created in Mukryani accent of the central dialect of the Kurdish language due to diverse reasons like inexperience of translators. This study is qualitative/descriptive research in which examples of different types of language errors as well as strategies to avoid errors in Kurdish speaking and writing. The results of this research revealed that non-professional manipulation in Kurdish language syntax is more harmful than lexical borrowing and destroys the language.

The aim of the present study was to determine the casual relationship of neuromarketing with consumer behavior of sport services with relationship marketing mediation as well as the application of neuromarketing research and evaluation of its potential contribution to improving marketing performance especially Iran northwest team clubs. The present study comprised a theoretical section that was consistent with underlying roots and principles of neuromarketing. This topic is one of the less well known and attractive areas in marketing research. This study was applied in terms of aims and the methodology was descriptive-correlational and field in terms of data collection. This topic has been enhanced along with a general overview of consumer behavior and relationship marketing and also has focused on consumers of sport services of team clubs. The sampling method was cluster, random and relative. The statistical population consisted of consumers of sport services of sport clubs in centers of West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, Ardabil and Kurdistan provinces. After quantitative steps, the data were distributed and collected from 429 team club athletes and then were analyzed. The results of factor analysis and path analysis through LISREL 9.3 software showed that both neuromarketing variable (0.78) and mediating variable of relationship marketing (0.56) played a role in explaining sport consumer behavior. Fit indexes of the overall model had a relative good fit with the research data; NFI was 0.93 and the root square index of approximation variance was equal to 0.065.

The purpose of this study was to construct and determine the factor structure and reliability of neuromarketing questionnaire in sport club services in the northwest of the country in 1397. To achieve this goal, scientific documentation, multiple essays, 7 neurosciences and 9 marketing experts, by the use of snow bullet in the field of neuromarketing 87 questions were found. Then, with a survey of experienced professors in the field of marketing the questionnaire lessens to 42 questions. After that, the questionnaire for analyzing exploratory factor was distributed among 620 people who utilized the sporting services of the team clubs in the centers of 4 provinces of Western Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, Ardebil and Kurdistan in the summer 1397-98. Then the final questionnaire was distributed among 620 of statistical sample by using of Relative random clustering method for analyzing confirmatory factor. Having passed through qualitative and quantity stages, the final questionnaire containing 37 questions with 6 factors named; positioning, stimulating emotions, the role of all senses, visiting sense, communication and advantages were designed. The confirmatory factor analysis was performed for the neuromarketing questionnaire and showed the model fitted to the root estimate of the variance was estimated to be 0.68, which indicates that the fit of the model is appropriate. This research led to the development of appropriate tools in sports services. In order to assess the increase in sales of sports services, a reliable questionnaire should be used.

“Beyt” has a special place among different topics of Kurdish folk literature and researchers have always concentrated on this field. It is a narrative poem with epic and lyrical content in which narration has a more prominent role than in similar texts in Kurdish folk literature. Also, it has some differences with similar poetic forms in other languages; for instance, epic minstrelsy in Persian, Asik songs among the Turks, English ballad, DanishWeiss, Spanish romance and the Russian Bill Nay. Beyt is a document on Kurdish identity which connects them to the past. Behind its motifs and elements there is a meaning which is more spiritual than material and, if interpreted via correct methods, it will display an undeniable value. Beyts have various and vast dimensions. For instance, rich recourses of ancient vocabulary, music and tune, verse and poetry, narration, story, culture, tradition and historiy, geography, social commentary, and so on. The study of each one of these dimensions requires long time and high expenses, and each of them can be written in a book or independent books. However, regarding their variety and richness, little studies have been done on them.

The study of historical books with high literary value is an important step in understanding the unknown aspects of these valuable works especially in comparing and adapting them with literary schools and trends.In this paper we try to show the adaptation of Nafsatolmasdur with Romanticism based on a proven approach. After the introduction, Nafsatolmasdur and its author are introduced, Second part deals with the study of Romanticism school. Then, the third part focuses on the adaptation of Nafsatolmasdur and Romanticism. Finally, the conclusion of the afore-mentioned topic is presented.According to some evidence, there are major characteristics of Romanticism in this book, even though complete adaption of Romanticism and Nafsatolmasdur is impossible due to the fact that they emerge from two different times, places and thoughts.

The introversion and call to tranquility can be regarded as the foremost characteristics of sepehri’s poetry. This approach is inspired from two important features of his thought: Mysticism and Romanticism. In other words، a combination of mysticism and romanticism is evident in his poetry. But Sepehri’s mysticism framework does not totally conform to well-known pattern of Iranian and Islamic mysticism and nor does his romantic approach to the principles of this literary school. In the present article، in addition to analyzing scholar’s various views regarding Sepehri، his mystical approach and romantic thought will he studied، then، the relation between mysticism and romanticism in his poems and ideas illustrated.