حمیدرضا سایبانی

Sports tourism is a good platform for entrepreneurs in the country. However, there are many challenges ahead for entrepreneurial businesses in Iranian sports tourism; Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the challenges facing the development of entrepreneurial businesses in sports tourism in Iran. This research has a qualitative approach and the content analysis method and Glaser approach have been used as the research method. The method of data collection is the study of theoretical foundations and in-depth and open interviews with 12 prominent professors in the field of sports management, entrepreneurship and tourism, as well as entrepreneurs in the field of sports tourism. To analyze the data, the continuous comparison method was used during the two stages of open and axial coding using the Max-Cody software of the Pro version. Analysis of the data showed that 41 concepts and 7 categories are among the challenges facing the development of entrepreneurial businesses in sports tourism in Iran. Among the identified challenges are security, health, cultural and social challenges, human resources, political and legal, information, communication and economic. Solving the challenges facing Iranian sports tourism entrepreneurial businesses can be one of the goals of the responsible organizations (Ministry of Sports and Youth, Ministry of Economic Affairs and Finance, Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade, Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance and Radio TV) be.

The purpose of this study was to Designing a comprehensive model of service quality of Iranian wrestling sport events. The method of this research was quantitative and qualitative. Theoretical saturation was achieved after 17 deep and semi-structured interviews with experts and managers in sport for all and sponsorship fields. The statistical population in the qualitative section included focus groups and experts present in the wrestling federation, league organization, sports clubs, presidents and managers and people who had a complete knowledge of sports competitions. And in a small part, all the spectators in the Premier League were wrestling in 1400. 17 people in the quality department purposefully and 384 people considering; In a small part, they formed a statistical sample by the available method. The data collection tool in the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured that the results of this interview were used in the form of a questionnaire with 7 main factors in the quantitative part. SPSS software version 23 and PLS version 2 were used to model the structural equations. Model fit index was reported GOF = 0.67. A total of 7 factors of service quality, technical skills, interaction, quality of environment, evaluation, quality of referees, social value affect the quality of service of Iranian wrestling sport events. According to the results obtained, each of the factors, in order of importance and priority, can be effective in the quality of wrestling sport events and be considered by those involved and officials in this department.

Psychological aspects of job enrichment are crucial topics in sports psychology and mean increasing the motivation, satisfaction, commitment, and performance of employees by providing opportunities for learning, creativity, responsibility, and effective communication in the organization. Work-family conflict is an important issue for both managers and employees. Work-family conflict can lead to a lack of progress, job displacement, and job change. Job enrichment allows managers to organize their work schedules and take responsibility for their tasks. However, there is no valid tool to measure these structures in Iran.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the psychometric characteristics of job enrichment scales and work-family conflict in sports managers.

This research was a descriptive study and it is in the category of instrumental research. The statistical population included physical education directors of universities across Iran in 2019. The sample of this study was 333 people selected by the convenient sampling method. Job enrichment and work-family conflict questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis using Amos software.

The findings showed that the reliability of the work-family conflict and job enrichment questionnaire in the present study was obtained using Cronbach's alpha, α=0.904 and α=0.926, respectively, which indicated the appropriate internal reliability of the items. The results showed that the correlation of all the items with the total score was at the optimal level. By removing each item, there was no significant difference in Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the test.

The results of this research showed the favorable reliability of the findings obtained from two questionnaires on work-family conflict and job enrichment. Furthermore, based on the results, favorable convergent and divergent validity were reported. Research in larger samples and other populations is suggested.

The present study was conducted to design a a model for the development of volunteering for the disabled in sports based on data theory. The research method based on purpose was applied and exploratory in terms of data collection. The research data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 professors of sports management and specialists in the field of disability and volunteering. The sampling method was purposeful with snowball technique and based on theoretical saturation criteria. The data were analyzed using open, axial and selective coding based on grounded theory. Based on the results obtained, causal factors in the categories of economic value of the volunteering sector, the need to identify the motivations and needs of volunteers, the high ability of disabled volunteers and spending leisure time; Underlying conditions in the categories of non-compliance of sports facilities with the disabled, legal context, poor management and macro-policy inattention to the issue of volunteering; Interfering factors in the categories of lack of easy access, personal limitations, ignorance of volunteering in Iranian sports, lack of proper volunteering position, negative attitude towards the ability of the disabled and mental health motivation,, promoting participation and sports volunteering for the disabled and finally Implications for the development of sports volunteering for the disabled are included in the categories of improving the quality of life, improving the status of individual independence, the effectiveness of the performance of sports organizations, the development of social capital and the development of social justice.

The present study was designed and conducted to present a model for the development of sports participation of veterans and the disabled in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study was a combined method and was a type of mixed exploratory research project. The statistical population of the qualitative section includes selected professors familiar with sports for the disabled, athletes with disabilities, and managers and experts in sports for the disabled; These individuals were purposefully selected as a standard for qualitative interviews about research (15 interviews with 15 people and continued to the point of theoretical saturation). The statistical population in the quantitative part were all of disabled people in the country. The statistical sample of this study was considered according to the frequency of the statistical population, sample size and the probability of sampling error of 385 people. In this study, according to the objectives and its type, cluster sampling method has been used. In the first stage, after dividing the country into five regions: north, south, east, west and the center of the lot, a city (provincial center) has been selected from each region. In the qualitative section, it was determined that the categories were identified in the form of 15 categories and 79 concept codes, and in the heart of the six dimensions of the paradigm model as causal causes (4 categories), the main category: development of participation in public sports for veterans and the disabled of the Islamic Republic of Iran. 1 category), strategies (3 categories), contextual conditions (3 categories), intervening conditions (3 categories) and consequences (2 categories) were included. In the quantitative part, it was found that all 6 main components of the research have a good fit, so the research model has a sufficient fit. Considering that the disabled and veterans of the country need more attention, it is recommended that the managers and trustees of sports for the disabled and veterans use the results of the present study in order to increase the quality of life of this group.

The purpose of this study was to develop an entrepreneurial model with emphasis on sports tourism. This was done by conducting a qualitative research of the grand theory type, the method of which is exploratory. This research was done through literature review and exploratory interviews using content analysis (coding of analysis unit, categories and registration unit). To conduct the field interview, the statistical population of the study included expert professors in the field of sport management, entrepreneurship and specialized tourism, as well as entrepreneurs in the field of sports tourism. After analyzing the literature and presenting the research model, 12 people from the statistical community were interviewed to complete the list of entrepreneurial factors with emphasis on sports tourism. Finally, the categories were identified in the form of 23 categories and 81 concept codes, and in the heart of the six dimensions of the paradigm model as causal causes (1 category), the main category: sports tourism entrepreneurship (1 category), strategies (8 categories), conditions Background (7 categories), interventionist conditions (1 category), and consequences (5 categories) were included. In this regard, factors such as environmental attractiveness, financial, sports tourism infrastructure, sports tourism intermediary services, catering facilities, facilities and facilities related to sports events and media were recognized as the underlying conditions and increase organizational cooperation, strategies Economic, cultural and cultural strategies, information, facilities, information acquisition, manpower and support of managers were identified as strategies for entrepreneurship development in the sports tourism industry.

Valid or reliable measurement scales can ensure correct and reliable inferences and conclusions are produced. The present research has been conducted to validate the service quality scale for wrestling events.

Accordingly, factors and items assumed to be related to the service quality of wrestling events were first identified using a qualitative research methodology and compiled in a questionnaire form. Then, a questionnaire with seven components and 41 questions was finalized, applying the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Having been distributed, the compiled questionnaires among 384 Iran Wrestling League spectators, were collected.

The measurement model fits well. Convergent and divergent validity and internal and composite reliability were additionally confirmed for this targeted scale. Therefore, researchers and executives can be recommended to benefit from this same scale to evaluate the service quality delivered in wrestling events.

Originality: 

Two quantitative and qualitative methods have been used in this research.

This study was conducted in order to identify the factors affecting the management of sports tourism destinations in the coasts of Hormozgan province. Factors affecting the development of beach sports tourism through interviews with experts and a questionnaire based on 6 criteria and 60 sub-criteria were developed. The study population included tourists who were active in beach sports. The questionnaires were distributed among 387 tourists based on Morgan's table. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's alpha test and its validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The normality of the data was evaluated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and their correlation with correlation coefficient. Then, Friedman test was used to rank the effect of the main criteria and sub-criteria. The correlation coefficient indicated a significant relationship at the level of 99% between the main criteria of the study. Friedman test showed that the criteria of 1) economic-marketing, 2) infrastructure, 3) public relations and advertising, 4) socio-cultural, 5) political-security and 6) managerial, respectively, the most important in development- Has beach sports tourism in Hormozgan province. Thus, encouraging and supporting private investors, creating infrastructure structures and improving quality services and marketing of beach sports has a major role in achieving economic-sports development of Hormozgan beaches.

This study was conducted to identify and determine the effective factors in the development of tourism in coastal cities of Hormozgan province with the approach of beach-water sports, which was based on a descriptive-survey method. This research is considered as an applied research in terms of purpose. The study population included beach-water sports tourists in the coasts of Hormozgan province. The ranking of criteria and factors affecting tourism was compiled by presenting a questionnaire among tourists.First, in order to extract the effective criteria and sub-criteria in tourism development management with the beach sports approach, through the study of tourism databases, reputable scientific authorities were reviewed. Then the importance of the identified criteria was determined. For this purpose, a specialist survey questionnaire containing the extracted criteria and sub-criteria was prepared and provided to 25 experts. These specialists and experts, decision-makers, officials and experts in sports tourism science who had specialized work experience were selected. These questionnaires made it possible for professionals to express their views on the importance of criteria and sub-criteria in varying degrees of importance according to the Likert classification into five categories, ranging from 1: poor to 5: excellent. To. Thus, the initial conceptual model was developed; In such a way that 72 sub-criteria were identified, which by testing it by the participants, 60 sub-criteria in 6 criteria were identified as a database and effective factors in tourism management with a beach sports approach (Table 1). Then, a questionnaire based on effective criteria in beach sports tourism management was developed based on Morgan table. The standard number of questionnaires based on Morgan table is 384 questionnaires. In this study, a sample size of 410 questionnaires was distributed and 395 questionnaires were collected, of which 8 questionnaires were distorted and the sample size was A final 387 questionnaires were obtained for this analyzable study. Validity and validity of the questionnaire structure was performed using first-order confirmatory factor analysis and Amos Graphic software that examined the relationship between factors (hidden variables) and items (observable variables). The measurement states that the factor load for all criteria was higher than 0.8. T-test statistics are used to interpret the output results of this test and to evaluate the significance of the relationship between variables. The results of all sub-criteria have been obtained more than 1.96. In the present study, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire. Which has a coefficient of 0.780 and indicates the reliability of the questionnaire. To test the normality of the research criteria, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used, the level of significance of which for social and cultural, economic and marketing, political and security criteria, infrastructure, management and public relations and advertising criteria was 070, respectively. 0, 0.061, 0.062, 0.059, 0.052 and 0.057 were obtained and indicate that the criteria of this study are normal. For inferential analysis of the response of beach sports tourists Structural equation modeling from Amos Graphic software was used to the criteria and sub-criteria of the research. Then, a correlation coefficient was used to identify the relationship between the main criteria of the research. Using univariate t-test, the possible relationships between the identified factors affecting the management of tourism destinations were investigated and the level of significance of the effect of these criteria on tourism development management was determined by the beach sports approach. Finally, Friedman test was used to rank and prioritize effective criteria in the management of beach sports tourism development in Hormozgan province

Abstract The present study was conducted to prepare a model for electronic marketing in sport business. To prepare the model, Exploratory and confirm validities and reliability were investigated for questionarie and And the amount of Komo in the Bartlett test was 0.912 and The questionarie was distributed among 252 professors in different universities. The data were analyzed by SPSS and AMOS softwares. The results confirmed fitness for factors and showed that the model is appropriate and also showed that questions belong to variables. The results for reliability showed that α-kronbach is higher than 0.70 that shows reliability. The results showed that cofficients were 0.79, 0.76, 0.57, 0.72, 0.71 and 0.73 for social networks, product design, electronic services, marketing communications, value chain and knowledge share. On the basis our findings, social networks had most share in sport business and electronic services had lowest share in the model. In sum, the results show that social networks had highest the role in electronic marketing in sport business.

The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize performance evaluation indicators of the General Departments of Sports and Youth of the provinces. The type of research is descriptive and has been done by field method. The statistical population of this study includes the experts of the offices of performance evaluation and inspection and supervision of the headquarters. There were general departments of sports and youth across the country (439 people) and 205 people were selected as the research sample by random sampling method using Morgan table. The required information was collected from both library and field methods with interview tools and questionnaires, and path analysis and Friedman tests were used to analyze the data. According to the research results, to evaluate the performance of the General Departments of Sports and Youth, seven dimensions of championship sports, public, women, youth, finance, human resources and information technology should be used. Data analysis also showed that championship sports are prioritized because of their tangible results, such as rankings. On the other hand, sport is an issue that can be both lucrative and requires a lot of financial resources, and accordingly, the financial dimension is the second priority after the championship sport and before the dimensions of public sports, women's sports and even youth affairs. . Dimensions of public sports, organizing youth affairs, women's sports, human resources and information technology are in the next ranks of this list.

Given the importance of private sector investment in the sports industry, the research is to develop a model of private sector investment factors with emphasis on national and international sporting events.The present study is  applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. In the qualitative part of the research, 30 individuals were targeted and in the quantitative part based on the Cochran formula, 200 persons consisting of former and current heads of sport federations, managers of private and public sport clubs, managers of sponsored companies, former and current officials of Physical Education Organization and the Ministry of Sport and Youth, young people, some economists and lawyers familiar with the subject of sport economics, physical education professors and other experts, and all members of the Iranian Ministry of Sport and Youth' think tank were selected as the case study. To achieve the goals, a researcher-made questionnaire of 53 questions was used. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 15 experts and the construct validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was higher than 0/07 for all constructs and the whole questionnaire. Delphi method in three stages was used for data analysis in qualitative part. Descriptive and inferential statistical methods such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were used in the quantitative section with SPSS 22 software.The results showed that economic factors as the most important and the first category (0/0325), management factors (0/0278) in the second place, cultural factors (0/0267) in the third rank, legal and legal factors (0/0213) in the rank Fourth, and structural factors (0/0193) affect private equity investment and participation in national and international sporting events. Providing economic, managerial, and cultural solutions as the most important components can stimulate private investment and participation in the Iranian sports industry.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effective factors of managing the development of the sports tourism with the approach of beach sports in Hormozgan province. To achieve this approach, first the criteria and sub-criteria affecting the development of beach sports tourism through interviews with experts identified and a questionnaire based on 6 criteria and 60 sub-criteria was developed. Population of this study was 100000 sports tourists. Based on Morgan table, the questionnaire distributed among 387 available sports tourists. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test and its validity was confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. The normality of the variables was evaluated by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and their correlation with Spearman correlation coefficient. Next, Friedman test was used to rank the effect of the main criteria for developing beach sports tourism and t-test was used to compare the main factors’ mean. Friedman test showed that the criteria of 1) economic-marketing, 2) infrastructure, 3) public relations and advertising, 4) socio-cultural, 5) political-security and 6) managerial have the greatest importance in development of the beach sports tourism in Hormozgan province respectively. Thus, encouraging and supporting private investors, creating infrastructure, and improving quality services and marketing of beach sports has a major role in achieving economic-sports development of Hormozgan coast. The results also showed all 6 main factors’ mean were more than average number 3) sig=0.05).

This study was performed on the structural equation of factors affecting e-marketing in the prevailing environment in the field of sports business. The statistical population is the physical education faculty members of Islamic Azad universities, which numbered 1000 people. Sampling using Morgan table and using cluster random sampling method to clusters of north, south, east, west, center for units University and professors were sampled randomly. The statistical sample size was 252 people. For the model, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared that includes 55 items and components of social networks. Product design. Electronic services. Marketing communications, value chain and knowledge sharing. Its validity was confirmed by confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha of 0.91. The questionnaire was given to 252 physical education teachers across the country. Data were analyzed by SPSS21 and AMOS software. The results for the structural equation model showed that path coefficients for social networks, product design, e-services, marketing communications, value chain and knowledge sharing were 0.79, 0.76, 0.57, 0.72, 71, respectively. 0 and 0.73. The results obtained social networks have the highest share and electronic services have the lowest share in this model.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of psychological capital components on the development of sports participation of veterans and the disabled in Iran. The research was mixed (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population of the study includes university professors' familiar with sports for the disabled, athletes with disabilities, and managers and experts in sports for the disabled. These individuals were purposefully selected for qualitative interviews on the subject of research (15 people and continued to the point of theoretical saturation). And in the second part (quantitative), the questionnaire was distributed among the disabled in Tehran (384 people). The Conner-Davidson (2003) Resilience Questionnaire, Shearer and Carver (1985) Optimism Questionnaire, Schwarzer and Jerusalem Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (1995) and Schneider (1991) Hopefulness Questionnaire were used to collect data. The questionnaire for the development of participation in public sports, including 24 items, was developed in two main components: psychological and physical factors and social factors. To analyze the data, elongation and skewness indices are used to examine the data distribution, and to review and answer the research questions, first the Max QDA Pro version software and then to examine the demographic status, drawing and modeling. Measurement and structural modeling of SPSS software version 24 and PLS version 0.2 were used. The results showed that resilience, optimism, self-efficacy and hope have a significant effect on the development of participation in public sports for veterans and the disabled. These results can be fruitful in order to prepare the disabled and veterans for a sustainable presence in sports activities.

The study is to develop a performance evaluation model for all departments of sports and youth in the provinces of the Country. The research is a descriptive one which has been done by field method. This is a combinational study. The statistical population in the qualitative part included executive and scientific experts and in the quantitative part were the experts of performance appraisal offices (439 people). 205 people were selected by random sampling method and using Morgan table as the research samples. The required information was collected from two methods of library and field with interview tools and questionnaires and for data analysis, the Kloizi method was used in qualitative part of and path analysis and Friedman tests were used in quantitative part. According to the research results, seven dimensions of championship sports, public, women, youth, finance, human resources and information technology should be used to evaluate the performance of the General Departments of Sports and Youth. Data analysis also showed that championship sports are prioritized because of the tangible results. On the other hand, sport is an issue that can be both lucrative and requires a lot of financial resources, and accordingly, the financial dimension is the second priority after the championship sport and before the dimensions of public sports, women's sports and even youth affairs. Dimensions of public sports, organizing youth affairs, women's sports, human resources and information technology are in the next ranks of the list.

Empowerment of employees is one of the effective tools on increasing employee productivity and optimal use of capacities Their individual and group abilities are in line with organizational goals. In todaychr('39')s age of competition, there are successful organizations that use their full human capacity, employee empowerment leads to the emergence of talent and motivation and potential capacity of employees. Management should try to maintain the quality of performance of its employees by providing executive strategies. This means that the principles of any empowerment-based program can lead to productivity and lead to more production, better services, customer acquisition, and ultimately a greater share of domestic and foreign markets, and lead to improved performance and A qualitative view is organized in the organization (1). Empowerment of human resources is one of the most miraculous approaches to human development that leads to the growth of human resources. Empowerment is a constant movement and its importance is always increasing because the basis of development in todaychr('39')s business is to keep pace with social change, technological achievements and the demands of a competitive environment. In general, it can be said that human resources are the most valuable factor of production and It is the most important capital and the main source of competitive advantage and creates the basic capabilities of any organization. One of the most effective ways to achieve competitive advantage in the current situation is to make the employees of organizations more efficient. The overall purpose of this study was the role of individual and interpersonal factors and motivation and productivity in developing a model of human resource empowerment.

His research is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the present study was 5860 people based on the information collected from the staff of sports and youth departments (north, east, west, south, center) of the country and 361 people were randomly selected using Krejcie Morgan method. . In this study, the researcher-made questionnaire and Motivation Questionnaire, Ojaghi in (2010) were used to collect data. To develop the model, a researcher-made questionnaire was prepared that included 69 questions in 5 sections. The first part of the questionnaire included demographic information such as gender, age and degree; The second part of the questionnaire includes individual factors and the third part of the questionnaire includes interpersonal factors. The Likert scale was used in the developed questionnaire and the coefficients 5, 4, 3, 2 and 1 were considered for the options I completely agree, agree, have no opinion, disagree and strongly disagree. Its validity was confirmed by confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbachchr('39')s alpha and its value was 0.92. Also, Ojaghi Employee Motivation Questionnaire was developed in (2010). The reliability of this questionnaire was estimated 85% and had a validity of 0.86. The questionnaire was distributed to 361 employees of sports and youth departments across the country. According to the objectives of the research and the hypotheses presented, descriptive statistical methods (mean and standard deviation) and statistical methods were used to analyze the data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to evaluate the normal distribution of data. In this study, descriptive and inferential statistics including Pearson correlation coefficient and finally SEM Structural Equation Model (SEM) using SPSS22 and AMOS software were used to present a suitable model.

The results showed that the use of individual factors in developing a model of human resource empowerment and the use of interpersonal factors has a significant positive effect on the development of human resource empowerment model and increases the productivity of the organization.

The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the role of individual and interpersonal factors and motivation and productivity in developing a model of human resource empowerment. Findings of the present study showed that the use of individual factors has a significant effect on the development of human resource empowerment model. This finding means that in sports organizations, especially sports and youth departments throughout the country, factors such as motivation and productivity from the perspective of employees is a factor affecting their empowerment. From the perspective of Sharifzadeh et al., Empowerment means providing It is freedom for employees to perform their duties well . Other results of this study showed that the use of interpersonal factors and motivation and productivity in developing a model of human resource empowerment in sports organizations has a significant positive effect. In this study, interpersonal factors included communication, participation and teamwork. This means that from the perspective of the employees participating in this study, the more the managers of sports and youth administrations develop a participatory approach and teamwork in this organization, and in fact involve and involve all employees in current affairs and decision-making, the more Employee empowerment increases. In this regard, Farhangi et al. Defined the content of communication as a product of common meanings among the members of the organization. The content of communication is influenced by the organizational space The results showed that interpersonal factors have a significant positive effect on employee empowerment. Therefore, the findings of the present study are consistent with the research results of Roshandel Arbatani et al., Goodarzi et al., Rad et al., Mir Mohammadi et al. And Miri et al. But it is inconsistent with the findings of the worker and his colleagues. One of the possible reasons for this discrepancy is the difference in the statistical population of the research, because the present study was on the employees of the sports and youth departments of the country, while the worker and colleagues were on the employees of the non-sports organization. Employee empowerment is important and necessary because utilizing the potential capabilities of human resources is a great advantage for any organization. In individual productivity, the organization uses the set of potential talents and abilities of the individual in order to advance the organization, and by actually unleashing the potential forces and talents, the individual will move in the direction of great potential. Limitations of research Lack of access and impossibility with all departments of sports and youth of the whole country and lack or lack of available scientific resources, very few and limited scientific resources (at least in Persian) in this field are available that directly to the subject under study and research Was related.