فهرست مطالب حیدر حسنلو

The subject is studying the Interrogative sentences' secondary meanings in Forugh Farrokhzad's poems as reflecting on another birth and believe in the beginning of the cold season. As the grammarians said, the types of sentences are Declarative, interrogative, imperative, and Exclamatory, based on meaning. In literature, the meaning of the sentences may be changed based on the speaker's purpose. Semantics is a science that discusses these changes, and from this, it is similar to pragmatics, which is one of the branches of linguistics. From the pragmatic point of view, a sentence does not always have an apparent and conventional meaning; some sentences also have other meanings. Interrogative sentences can also have literary and artistic use, in addition to grammatical use, whose literary part is discussed in semantics.Occasionally, the speaker uses interrogative sentences with a secondary meaning other than questioning, such as emphasis, motivation, command, wish, etc. Forugh has also mostly been satisfied with the semantic diversity of sentences to convey her covert meaning and purposes

This study is on of Examining the verb modal in Forough Farrokhzad's poetry by considering the verb modal. Based on different theories and from fundamental positions, the verb modal reflects the writer's point of view. So, this tool can be used to examine the inner thoughts and thoughts of the author. This study aims to examine the the verb modalto explain Forough’s attitude and point of view and study his mind and soul deeply, to answer this fundamental question, how dose Forough Farrokhzad's thoughts and ideas reflect in the syntax of words and can Forough's thought be received among the the modal of his poetic actions? The importance of this research is in examining and analyzing the the verb modal, it is possible to achieve the style, knowledge and sense of forough.In this article, we study the the verb modalin Forough Farrokhzad's poems collection, called "Another Birth", while analyzing various theories about the the verb modal. By providing samples, we concluded that in most cases, Forough used obligation aspect to express thoughts, nostalgic feelings, escape to childhood , to express regrets, wishes and failures. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and after collecting poetic evidence it has been studied and analyzed.

The understanding of the hidden layers in the text is determined by the use of signs. Signs consist of a phonetic form (signifier) and a conceptual idea (signified) that alone express meaning and concept. The phonetic harmony and balance between the words creates a new meaning, which implies that the music created through the unity or contrast of the consonants and vowels of the words is in harmony with the poet’s intended meaning. The present essay tries to investigate the magic of proximity in A mirror for Sounds. This research was done based on the concept of the magic of proximity in Shafi’i Kadkani's aforementioned collection, using a descriptive-analytical method through a library and survey approach. The findings of the research show that the poet has increased the beauty and effectiveness of his speech by a balanced, accurate and coherent use of devices. He employs a variety of figurative devices to convey imagery, emotion i and sound, which has made his poetry specially graceful. Also, Shafi'i Kadkani has paid special attention to this literary genre (the magic of proximity) in his collection of poems, attracting the attention of many readers. In addition, the most literary use of "magic of proximity" in poetry, after alliteration, is to induce feelings, and the magic of proximity has an effective role and a high position in shaping and strengthening the inner music of Shafi’i Kadkani's poems.

Women have had a prominent place in the works of writers during different periods of fiction literature, and before the entry of female writers into this type of literature, women's issues and emotions with a male point of view appeared in stories; But from the 1940s onwards, women found the courage to address women's issues by entering the field of fiction writing, and introducing women's social position became one of the main concepts of women's fiction. Shehrnoush Parsipour, Moniro Ravanipour, Ghazaleh Alizadeh, and Goli Taraghi are among the writers of women's fiction literature, each of whom has addressed women and their social position in society from a specific perspective. In the works of the mentioned authors, women accept various roles in the society. Sometimes he takes a passive state and bows down to the determinism of problems, and sometimes he overcomes the obstacles and problems of society in order to achieve excellence and perfection.

The method of collecting information for this article is library study and the use of scanning tools, and the method of writing and dealing with descriptive-analytical information. The statistical community includes the novel "Ahl Gharq" by Moniro Ravanipour, the novel "Touba and the meaning of the night", "Women Without Men" written by Shahrnoush Parsipour, "Khane Idrisiha" written by Ghazaleh Alizadeh, and the novels "Happening" and "The Last Day" written by Goli Taraghi.

One of the important themes related to the woman and her social role in the stories are issues such as patriarchy, daily life, love and female feelings, and trying to find identity. Each of these issues is a source of water and factors in the formation and flow of women's lives.

The point of view of contemporary women writers regarding the role and position of women in society shows that despite the obvious differences, there are major commonalities in their attitude towards this issue. In addition to their gender, this originates from factors such as environmental and geographical conditions, the level of knowledge, traditions and beliefs, and the ruling system of the society, and has had a significant impact on the creation of female characters by writers.

Mystical stories serve as a means of spreading awareness and promoting spirituality in the realm of mysticism and human progress towards self-transcendence. Numerous authors have focused on transcendence under the guise of mysticism and spiritual experience in their works. Shahrnush Parsipur is one such writer who views the lives of her fictional characters through a mystical lens and portrays immortality in reality. In her renowned novel Women Without Men, Parsipur employs mystical elements to create her female characters. The objective of this research is to investigate the social and mystical perspective of Shahrnush Parsipur towards women and their social status, based on the novel, using an analytical-descriptive approach. The findings of this research suggest that each character in the novel can be considered a representative of a segment of women's society; women who, by attaining self-knowledge and embarking on a spiritual journey, strive to understand the truth of their existence and seek inner purity, immortality, and truth.

What is the effect of "prayer" on mental health and peace? Its place was empty in the existing research, so this research was conducted with the aim of investigating and explaining the processes of prayer's effect on mental peace.

This study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of execution method. The research community consisted of all students, professors and researchers in the field of religious psychology living in Tehran, and according to the principle of theoretical saturation, 20 people were selected by purposive sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, and the validity and reliability were confirmed using the Lincoln & Guba evaluation method. Colaizzi's qualitative analysis method was used for data analysis.

Among the 53 indicators, 7 main components (connection to God's great power, creating hope, creating spiritual pleasure, increasing knowledge about life and existence, leading to desirable behaviors, increasing self-esteem, finding identity) and 3 main dimensions ( transformation in personal states, transformation in beliefs and lifestyle, transformation in self-confidence) can be identified.

This research identified the most important explanations of the process of the effect of prayer on mental peace and its proposal, firstly; Placement of prayer in the health programs of patients and secondly; The explanation of the effect of prayer on mental peace is in the content of training courses, educational workshops and textbooks in the fields of psychology, medicine and counseling.

The magic of proximity is one of the methods and tricks of creating beauty in formalism, which causes highlighting and artistic expression of words. A method that pays attention to the artistic balance between the sounds and phonemes of words. Due to the hidden music, the magic of proximity increases the ability to absorb the message hidden in the words and pays attention to the phonetic harmony and balance between the words with a new look. The main purpose of this essay is to investigate the magic of proximity as an artistic technique in the book of the Hezare dovom-e- ahoo-ye- koohi of Shafi"i Kadkani.

The study method in the upcoming article is descriptive-analytical based on library studies and document analysis. The scope of the research is the collection of poems of the Hezare dovom-e- ahoo-ye- koohi.

The magic of proximity in Shafi"i Kadkani"s poetry is expressed in the form of artistic arrays, including phonemes, puns, and metaphors.

According to the results of the research, the maximum amount of use of the magic of proximity in the collection of the Hezare dovom-e- ahoo-ye- koohi is reflected in the phonology and the semantic dimension of inducing feelings and strengthening the musical aspects of the poem.

The ability to transform a literary work, especially a novel or a short story into a cinematic narrative, requires examining the style and context of the author of that work. Therefore, the basis of any scientific research must necessarily be evaluated in the framework of a specific theory or theory, but according to the subject of the present article, which is within the limits of cinematographic literature, no valid and reliable model or approach was found. Therefore, the authors of this article have analyzed the two fictional works "Homa" and "Ziba" written by Mohammad Hijazi with a stylistic analysis in order to answer the question from an intellectual and literary point of view, whether these two works can be converted into screenplays or not?

This research is based on library studies, with a descriptive-analytical approach. The statistical population of this research is the two long stories "Homa" and "Ziba" written by Mohammad Hijazi, which have been examined in the form of stylistics, in two intellectual and literary contexts.

The findings of this research indicate that Mohammad Hijazi used both the schools of realism and romanticism. His similes have a high frequency in characterizing and describing the inner states of the characters. The use of Arabic words, market alleys, and in some cases aristocratic terms, which are the characteristics of the school of romanticism, has given his language a distinct color from other writers. The physical and psychological dimensions of the characters are introduced to the audience of the work.

The stories "Ziba" and "Homa" are among the works of Mohammad Hijazi, which, due to the way of characterization and the use of appropriate story elements, have the ability to be transformed into drama narratives or screenplays; Especially, both works are planned on the centrality of "women" and their relationship with society, which is one of the most popular narrative themes in Iranian and world cinema.

Archetype is one of the fundamental terms of Jungian psychology, that includes ancient images and Instinctual thoughts in the collective subconscious, and as a common human heritage is embedded in the Individual and group subconscious of all human beings. One of the main manifestations of the human subconscious and archetypes is art and literature. Hence, archetypal theory has many applications in the Psychological critique of literary texts and authors that can be used to achieve the subconscious mind of literary characters and the influence of the components of the author's personality structure in shaping the Texture of the text. Mystics are prone to communicate with their subconscious because they take a step in the path of conduct and go through mystical stages and reach perfection. Hence, with a different reading from the usual readings in mystical texts, archetypal critique can be used to study and analyze the Personality of literary creators. in this article, archetypes: shadow, persona, anima and self, as well as how Each of them crystallizes in the character of Najm al-Din Rᾱzi, with regard to the mystical work of Mersad al-Ebad in an analytical-descriptive method of library be reviewed. The findings indicate that Razi, by Moving from self-awareness to unconsciousness, faces negative and positive aspects of his personality by leaving behind the negative dimensions of the psyche, inner shadows, removing the mask and many difficulties he has had in the path of self-knowledge. Finally achieves balance and psychological development and unity of all dimensions of existence and individuality.

Qorb (Closeness or Proximity) in the Sufi dictionary is a mystical state and means obedience that brings the obeyer close to the obeyed. The authors of this study intend to investigate the opinions of Ibn Arabi and Izz al-Din Kashani about mystical closeness, the type of perception, innovation, and commonalities and differences of these two Sufi thinkers using a descriptive-analytical method based on library documents. Based on the results of the research, they consider Qorb-e Nawafel (recommendation) to be superior to Qorb-e Farayez (obligation) and link the reason of superiority to divine love. True Qorb in the view of the two is not reaching God and observing him; rather, in Kashani's opinion, this type of closeness is connected to a special passion, in ascending levels, which is continuous and permanent. In Ibn Arabi's view, mystics are constantly observing proximity, and this observation is nothing but the manifestation of God. Both of them believe that God-given knowledge is special for close people. It is one of the requirements to reach real closeness. Both believe that God-given knowledge is reserved for mystics who are close to God. By linking mystical closeness to the two categories of ‘spiritual gathering’ and ‘internal dispersion’, Kashani believes that in complete closeness, the seeker's soul in the place of gathering, despite the attribute of humility in its servitude, also has the attribute of perfection and ascension to high levels. However, by distinguishing this type of interpretation, Ibn Arabi believes that some great Sufis, because of their belief in closeness in the position of spiritual gathering and distance in the position of separation, have included the knowledge of distance in the matter of closeness. Kashani calls the manifestation in the non-material as distant manifestation, and the manifestation in material as close manifestation. Both thinkers believe that getting close to God depends on research and science in the position of servitude or worship.

The category of immigration is undoubtedly one of the most challenging issues in recent decades, which has affected various fields such as society, economy and culture. Many contemporary writers, based on the status and importance of the migration phenomenon, have made this issue the basis of their works and have created a special literary approach outside the borders of the motherland with their works. Among the contemporary novelists, Reza Ghasemi should be considered among those who deeply dealt with the issue of migration. From the findings of this research, which was gathered by descriptive-analytical method, it is clear that the author was able to reflect the situation of Iranian immigrants exiled from the homeland and to be the narrator of human life today with its continuous pains and sufferings. Ghasemi's works, while having the features of postmodernist literature, depict a world in which many pillars are born of beliefs, opinions, contradictions and even superstitions of the mind of an Iranian in exile. Factors such as the distress of the narrator's mind and constant fear caused by being away from the homeland, identity crisis and cultural contradiction can be seen in all three novels of the author.

Foqaha’s opinion about the Hadithes which include prayers can be classified into two categories: 1. Some of Hadithes including prayer should be validiated according to the rules of Fiqh and be confirmed like the other Hadiths. So some criteria have been presentedto show the accurate or inaccurate Hadith.Therefore some Hadiths are aporcryphal or corrupted. 2. Hadiths which have the criterion of “man balaqah”.This type of Hadiths ignore the mentioned criteria and deficiency of the “Ravii”. This is called the rule of “Tasamoh” which means tolerance. Based on the Based on the rule of Tasamoh and Hadiths which are” man balaqah” if somebody knows the lack of Criterion of Halith, he should red it to the intention of becoming close to Allah (Qorb). The article intends to figure out the various aspects ofvalidiation of the Hadiths which contain prayers by Faqih’s poin of view.

Wisdom and love are two basic topic in Shah Nimatullah Wali’s poems. From Wali’s point of view love is such a divine gift placed in human’s inside. It is a medium to arrive to integrity and luck. The basic idea in Shah Nimatullah Wali’s doctrine is intuition, not logic. Pantheism is reflected frequently in his speech that is under the influence of Ibn Al- Arabi’s thoughts. Shah Wali disagree with materialistic nous and thrift like Attar Neishabury. He belives that wisdom can’t comprehend with love, and it is an abstacle (hijab) to arrive to cognition and true love. On the contrary, he belives that the Universal Intelect ( Aghl-e Kolli) is vicar of God. He worships it and belives that the Universal Intelect as the first creature acts as a collaborator for love. As a result, he confirms that Wisdom is combined to love and mystical madness and there is no conflict between them. This article has been collected by library style and has been processed by analytical and descriptive methods.

Postmodernism is one of the most important and influential movements of the last few decades in many disciplines and fields of study, including art, architecture, music, film, literature, sociology, communication sciences, fashion and technology. After the Islamic revolution, due to the changes that took place in the social, cultural and political fields, many stories were written based on postmodernism that one of their main characteristics is the non-linear and disjointed narrative. While doubting the patterns of the past decades, contemporary writers sought to find new ways of writing their works. Reza Ghasemi is also one of the prominent writers after the revolution in the field of fiction writing, and the most important feature of his works is the use of a special type of narration that has had a great impact on other elements of his stories. The purpose of this research, which was written based on a descriptive and analytical method, is to investigate the characteristics of narration in postmodernist stories and the effect of the narrator's narration on the process of events in Ghasemi's stories. Also, an attempt was made to reveal and decipher some ambiguities by analyzing the ambiguous elements of the novel. This research shows that it is difficult and impossible to understand these stories without knowing the characteristics of the narrator.

Out of thoughtful and mental elements, the elements of expectation and liberalism and fighting with oppression are of special significance, extracted from the school of Shiism and heavenly religions, especially Islam, whose power and widespread impacts on the course of social and political movement in our society and the knowledgeable, ethical and mystical attitudes in various eras are undeniable.Monzavi in his works in lyrical and couplet forms has clearly dealt with the promised savior and expectation whereby he himself has believed it wholeheartedly as a true anticipator of savior so that one may say even in his romantic poems exists a sort of anticipation and hope, paraphrase of the lover's toward Mahdi and the certainty of upcoming savior.

The socio-political conditions and requirements of every age require the thinkers of the society to seek answers to the problems and complications of their time. The conditions of the time of Imam Ali’s (a.s.) administration required him to explain managerial ideas according to the needs of society. In the most difficult political conditions of his time, he paid special attention to the treatment of one of the most important government crises, namely the avariciousness of administrators, because religious teachings consider avariciousness as the source of every kind of deviation and the initiator of every sin. Understanding the ideas of Imam Ali (a.s.) provides a theoretical and practical framework by means of which a crisis-ridden society, whether politically, economically, socially, educationally, or ethically, can be saved. The study method in this research is descriptive-analytical based on the library approach. In this study, the only variable affecting all different areas of society, i.e. the avariciousness of administrators and its main features in the field of economics, including luxuriousness, bribery and embezzlement, has been examined and analyzed from the perspective of Nahj al-Balaghah using a political thought model. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the avariciousness of administrators, on the one hand, endangers the components of economic growth and development and public welfare, and on the other hand, the necessary basis for spiritual growth and eternal human bliss is impaired.

No words or speech have the inclusion and tolerance to accept the deep and emotional experiences of mystics from the higher world, hence, they use symbolic and allegorical language to fulfill their purpose. Ayn al-Qodhat Hamedani, as one of the pioneers in the field of mystical symbolism in explaining the deep mystical principles and concepts, has a major role in the interpretation of theoretical mysticism and practical wisdom, and his works show many aspects of his allegorical perspective, according to necessity and importance of analyze aspects of his cryptic and allegorical language and to recognize his position in the field of allegory, and allegorical explanation of one of his cryptographic networks, the five pillars of Islam, and with the aim of obtaining the components of his allegorical language and justifying and interpreting the allegories hidden in the form of those pillars, this research was conducted by descriptive-analytical method in the framework of analytical, semantic and allegorical theories, and by illuminating these pillars and showing their appearance and interior, other codes related to this network such as "La ilaha illa Allah", "intention", "ablution", Kaaba, and "Qibla" were identified, which in a coherent allegorical relationship, It led to the next understanding of the dimensions of the system of thought of the Ayn al-Qodhat.

Polysemy is one of the most important issues that has been considered in different schools of linguistics and especially in cognitive approach. In this descriptive-documentary study, polysemy in loanwords of Persian and Turkish of Azerbaijani was discussed. The data selected from local journals in Persian and Turkish languages, the Turkish-Persian dictionary of Shahmaresi and the Persian-Azerbaijani dictionary written by Behzadi. Prototypical meanings were based on the results of the interview and the linguistic intuition of the authors. Totally, 20 polysemous common adjectives identified from the corpuses and a radial network drawn from six of them. Among the cognitive mechanisms of polysemy creation, it was proved that conceptual metaphors would play the greatest role among them. Moreover, the connection between the meanings of polysemous adjectives is not accidental, but a systematic relationship existed and described by radial categorization. It was also found that the cognitive mechanisms of polysemy creation in Turkish and Persian common adjectives (loanwords) were the same and they differed only in the number of peripheral meanings which can be a step in confirming the sharing of human cognitive abilities. Also, high number of peripheral meanings in the target language may be due to the bilingualism and dynamic schematics. The results, along with complementary studies, can be applied in the field of language teaching, lexicography, more efficient translation machines and they will be helpful for all the stakeholders in the field.

Mysticism means understanding the Almighty God, His characters and verbs, which is heartfelt and cognitive rather than through thinking and reasoning. It is a positive mood which is primarily manifested through life, instinct, and soul; next, it is manifested in the human behavior and conduct. Such specific conducts and behaviors that lead to the spiritual process are spiritual toward God. Spiritual journey was long regarded by mystics, who wanted through the practicing mystical ideas, save themselves from the constraints of the material and whimsical desires and achieve mortality for God's survival so that each one of mystics, as per their own views, has stated certain steps and procedures to travel back to God. For instance, Shaykh Najm al-Din al-Razi has valuable insights about the rules of spiritual journey for which this paper deal with some parts of the steps pertaining to the various tribal spiritual journey.

Meetings included mystic trainings for both the followers and the public that began by reciting the Quran together with Quranic humors. Atiqi s meetings go back to 723 A. H. This paper accounts for some corrections made in Safineh Tabriz whose second part involve accurate points of mysticism andinterpretation of verses and narratives from great mystics point of view such as Hassan Basiri, Jonaid Baghdadi, Hossein Mansour Hallaj, Serri Seghti, Sofian, Mansour Ammar, Marouf Karkhi, Ibrahim Khavea, and Malik Dinar. Atiqi has dealt with the meanings of mysticism, convert aspects of verses, Quranic anecdotes, life of Sheikhs, divine prophets, and Quranic humors. In addition, he has poetically explained the ironies and Sufi allusions together with mystic humors and virtual interpretation.

Meetings include the speeches of one of the Sheikhs and Old masters of Sufism who conveyed a lot of his mystical trainings and innovative points of mysticism in this way to his followers and other people. Meetings of Abu Ali Daghagh, Sheikh Abu Ishagh Kazeruni, Abu Saeid Abelkheir, Ahmad Qazali, Seifeddin Bakhazari, Behae Valad, Borhaneddin Mohaghegh Termazi, Shamse Tabrizi, Mowlana, and others are well-known. Jalaleddin Atighi Tabrizi had some meetings that are mentioned in Safineye Tabriz to be 32 meetings in which truths of Sufism and the secrets of mystical revolution are indicated.After a short introduction about the meetings of Atighi, this paper in two sections narrates about the identical meetings of Atighi out of Safineye Tabriz, related to 723 A.H. out of the corrected manuscripts available in Islamic Council Majlis library. These meetings explain the mystical interpretation of creation, secrets of Quranic verses, deliberate mystical points out of major mystics quotations, and makes its trainings of mysticism and Sufism out of the main resource.