فهرست مطالب خانم زهرا صفایی پور

Effective organizations in the construction processes in the city limits need to use new and efficient models to solve discrete management problems. Using common modeling tools in cities and big cities, in addition to accurately determining the problem also identifies effective solutions. If these tools are used well then the understanding of real world problems will be facilitated. One of these tools is "game theory". This research tries to analyze the organizational structures in the construction processes in Tehran with the help of game theory.

This descriptive-analytical research was conducted in 1401. The data required for this research were collected by the "documentary-survey" method (interview and observation). The statistical population of this research includes managers and experts who were selected based on purposeful and theoretical sampling and their number is 20 people. Also using the content analysis method, the data of this research was analyzed. The graph model was also used as a suitable tool for modeling, analyzing complex issues and analyzing the state of the game among different stakeholders of organizations related to construction in the city. GMCR+ software was used for this modeling.

The results of this modeling show that among the 42 situations, there are 6 stable and 6 semi-stable situations.

Aggregate analyzes of organizations show that the desirability of organizational structures in the city of Tehran which has the potential to maximize the interests of actors, requires structural reforms and these reforms should focus on environmental protection and coordination power and be consistent with upstream documents and provide capacity building and active presence of actors.

Familiarity was known as a factor to find identity of people and it is a simple solution to indicate a collective tangible identity that make connection between members of (we), because it has emphasize on differences between members from (their). Social connections that in past, create homogeneity in an area, today are in the cities and district and today cities and district are canons of identities of cultures and familiarities. Existence of various families in the cities and areas can be an opportunity and it can be used for constant development of cities and it can be used as an effective stage for having dynamic city. The aim of present research is investigating the role of familiarity in achieving constant development. The research method is descriptive – analyzing. The research sample is districts of Ilam city and was community employees, That number 384 of the desired sampling using method of is stratified sampling is chosen. its reliability was estimated by Alpha Cronbach 90/8% .To analyzing data LISREL and SPSS software were used. The findings of the present research indicated that familiarity has a positive an significant effect on constant development of Ilam city also cooperation and interaction of civic managers and head persons with these groups , cooperation of local people and social cooperation have significant and positive effect on constant development of Ilam city.

There is a general agreement regarding the importance of surface on which human beings walk as a key factor on the frequency and severity of lower limb injuries. The aim of the preset study was to investigate the effect of surface stiffness on the risk factors of lower limb injuries during bilateral landing.

In the current study, we investigated the lower limb stiffness and the ground reaction force of 15 young male individuals during the landing on five surfaces with different stiffness from 200 to 500 KN/m.

The results of ANOVA showed that there is a significant difference between lower limb stiffness and maximum ground reaction force during landing on surfaces with different stiffness.

According to the results of the present study, during landing and when approaching to the surface, humans act differently in comparison to rigid masses, so that, depending on the task, maintain the natural dynamics of the center of mass and effectiveness of movement and reduce the loads.

Urban Security is considered as one of the important and necessary components in urban life, which should provide citizens with safety in urban environments. Planners and designers of social spaces, especially cities, are trying to provide security for users through identifying security threatening factors especially in public spaces. In this regard, the current research aims to study urban factors affecting security of public space of 22 Bahman Square of Ilam City. The present study is an analytic-interpretive and applied type. The population includes the inhabitants of Ilam City, 384 of whom are selected as the research sample by Cochran’s method. The research instrument is a researcher-made questionnaire, whose face validity is confirmed and its reliability is confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.939. Data analysis is performed using exploratory factor analysis in SPSS software. The results indicate that the seven factors explaining sense of security in order of priority include night security, socialization, pedestrianism, aesthetics, environmental comfort, environment structure and direct supervision.

The structure of urban management in Iran has been established so as to pass from the centralized system, move toward the decentralized system and getting rid of existing challenges, hence planning system and management ought to accept changes in urban sustainable development as a main solution. In order to achieving a real sustainable condition in cities, it is highly required to develop some policies to construct sustainable cities. Nowadays, cities are at the center of attention in the issue of sustainability as the main consumers and distributers of goods and services. So cities need an optimal management to reduce cultural, social and servicing problems, to effectively provide comfort, relaxation and justice and also to raise morale of participation among the residents. That is why sustainable development has been concentrated in such a way that achieving urban sustainable development has become one the main principles in sustainable development in recent decades. This paper presents a more clear definition for urban management as well as investigating the relation between urban management and sustainable development. It is an analytical-descriptive research. The data was collected from the libraries and documents. The findings reveal that urban management has a positive and significant effect on achieving sustainable development in Ilam City. Moreover, cooperation and communication among urban managers have a significant and positive effect on improving indexes of urban sustainable development in Ilam City.

The cooperation is of high importance as the main element in achieving the goals especially in order to reach the urban development. An important matter in urban planning in Iran is how to promote the permanent cooperation of people in all parts of urban planning. Some of the most important factors which must be considered in all plans including the economic development, social development and cultural development are the role of public cooperation in development and the mutual relation between the government and participants in development. Thee cooperation is considered as the most important factor in urban development. In other words, reaching sustainable urban development is impossible without the public cooperation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effective factors on the public cooperation in Ilam’s urban development. The method is analytical-descriptive. The population includes all the neighborhoods in Ilam city. The sampling method is the Stratified Random Sampling Method. The reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated .974 by Cronbach’s Alpha. To analyze the data, LISREL software, SPSS software, the statistical tests of made equations and Spearman Correlation were used. The findings reveal that the public cooperation has a positive meaningful effect on the urban development in Ilam City. Moreover, social affiliation and the amount of public cooperation, solidarity and people’s interactions, the amount of people’s satisfaction of their lives and their tendencies to the cooperation, gender and also education have a positive meaningful effect on the urban development in Ilam City.