زهرا صادقی آرانی

Technological advances have been central to the development of societies in this century. Various countries have increasingly embraced technological innovations to enhance life experiences in different dimensions. However, consumers' widespread adoption of these technologies is crucial for their ongoing success and further expansion. This research explores the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) of augmented reality technology, considering the moderating role of consumer inertia in the advancement and promotion of sports.

This research, designed in an applied-descriptive manner, utilized the non-random sampling method, and the data collected through online questionnaires were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. Although the concept of consumer inertia is not initially incorporated into the framework of the technology acceptance model, evidence suggests that this factor plays a significant role as a key predictor of resistance to adopting new products. This resistance can be more critical than other predictive factors, such as expected performance, required effort, social influences, and facilitating conditions.

This research has revealed that gaining a deeper understanding of these critical factors and establishing the necessary infrastructure to support them will significantly increase the likelihood of success and the potential benefits of augmented reality technology in sports.

Originality: 

This research innovatively incorporates consumer inertia into the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology framework for augmented reality technology in sports. By highlighting the significance of consumer inertia as a critical predictor of resistance to new products, it addresses potential barriers to adoption. The findings provide valuable insights for researchers and practitioners to enhance technology acceptance in the sports industry.

Coopetition strategy, which means simultaneous cooperation and competition between competitors, is one of the most efficient strategies to overcome limitations in resources and expertise. Despite these advantages, there are several disadvantages in this strategy that should be identified. According to the existing research gap, in this research, coopetition disadvantages in the health supply chain were identified and ranked.

The research approach was a mixed research method. In the qualitative phas, semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis method were used to identify the disadvantages. In the quantitative phas, the ordinal priority approach was used to rank the disadvantages. The statistical population was the health supply chain experts of Kashan, Aran and Bidgol cities.

The results show 13 disadvantages under the title of loss of independence in decision-making, loss of opportunity to cooperate with others, increasing transaction cost, severe conflicts and patient delays, danger of losing control over resources, asymmetric access to resources, unethical partner behavior, profit disproportion, distortion of brand image due to conflict with competitors, information leakage, prioritizing your patients, risk of sending patients to others treatment places and fluctuations in positions and government decisions. According to ordinal priority approach, the most important disadvantage was identified as severe conflicts and delaying of patients.

Originality/Value: 

The findings of this research identify and rank 13 significant disadvantages of the coopetition strategy in the healthcare sector, whereas the literature only references 7 of these. The identification and ranking of these disadvantages constitute the theoretical contribution of this study. Examining the competitor's cultural fit, setting professional contracts, meritocracy in managers and setting the monitoring and control process are the most basic strategies for dealing with disadvantages.

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying, modeling and analyzing the scenario of coopetition acceptance factors in the health sector. For this purpose, in the first step of the research by using semi-structured interviews with experts in the health sector, 44 acceptance factors for coopetition were identified. Following this stage, the factors were categorized in 13 categories: "stakeholder engagement", "management attitude", "organizational factors", "Previous experiences in coopetition", "Society culture", "cognitive skills", "manpower characteristics", "management ability", "complementarity", "special conditions", "organizational culture", "legal conditions", and "perceived benefits". In the second and third stages, in order to identify key factors, scenario analysis was conducted. The results of the cognitive mapping show that "stakeholder engagement" is the dependent variable, "previous experiences in coopetition", "society culture", and "special conditions" are driving variables and other common variables. The "stakeholder engagement", "managerial attitude", and "legal conditions", have highest degree of influence from other factors, and the "management ability", "managerial attitude", and “perceived benefits", have the highest degree of greatest influence on others factors. Also, the "managerial attitude", "managerial ability" and "stakeholder engagement" have the highest degree of centrality. The path analysis results highlight the significance of "managerial attitude" and "managerial ability" in backward scenarios, as well as "organizational factors" and "perceptual skills" in forward scenarios. The findings suggest the need to attract capable managers, boost the self-confidence and flexibility of human resources, and foster associations among competitors.

Context: 

Many countries are leveraging new technologies to enhance the educational experience of the younger generation. The acceptance of these technologies by learners is crucial for the success and advancement of educational institutions. Innovations like virtual reality can enhance the quality of education and facilitate more interactive learning environments. Understanding the factors that influence the acceptance of these technologies and creating conducive conditions for their effective utilization are imperative.

The purpose of this article is to explore the factors that influence the willingness to use virtual reality technology in education and the moderating role of learners' innovativeness in this process.

The current research is of an applied-descriptive type, and an available sampling method was used. The research model was examined through an online questionnaire, and data analysis and hypothesis testing were conducted using structural equation modeling with WarpPLS version 3 software.

Despite novelty not being included in the integrated theory model of technology acceptance and use, its impact as a vital predictor for new product acceptance was observed on expected performance, expected effort, social influence, facilitating conditions, and attitude towards use.

As a result, the current research indicates that virtual reality technology, as an effective innovation in education, can enhance deeper and more effective learning by fostering interactive and immersive educational environments. Despite certain drawbacks such as high costs and diminishing interpersonal interactions, virtual reality can provide significant value in enhancing the quality of education, fostering collaborative learning, and offering universal access to educational resources. This study proposes that by establishing suitable infrastructure and cultivating positive expectations through training and technical support, the productivity and effectiveness of this technology in the realm of education can be enhanced.

Financial literacy has different meanings for different people.For some, it has a broad concept including economic understanding and how family decisions affect economic conditions, and for others, it has the concept of focusing on money management, including budgeting, savings, investment, and insurance.This is one of the human concerns of well-being and comfort in life.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of parents' financial literacy on students' financial literacy and the relationship between financial literacy and financial socialization and financial self-efficacy of high school students in Afghanistan(Mazar-i-Sharif city).The secondary school of Mazar-e-Sharif was in 1400, when students from religious schools, teacher training, literacy, vocational, agricultural, and non-governmental schools, as well as considering the existing conditions, were refused to attend the marginal schools of the city to conduct research. The statistical population in question was 3180students with their parents, separated (1505 girls, 1675 boys), and 282 students(134 boys,148 girls)were selected as a sample using Morgan's table, and the students and parents responded to the financial literacy questionnaire, the data were collected through correlation and The structural model was analyzed using Spss22 and Amos22 software and the results showed that parents' financial literacy has an effect on students' financial literacy and financial literacy is related to financial socialization and financial self-efficacy.Therefore, it is possible to expand financial literacy in the society through parents,and it is suggested that schools, while training and strengthening the financial literacy of students, take the initiative and organize financial literacy training workshops for parents as well.

In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) has emerged as a significant technology in the industrial and academic sectors, particularly in the context of the fourth-generation industry. Encouraging industries, including oil, gas, and electric power sectors to adopt IoT technology expeditiously is crucial due to its numerous advantages. This article focuses on the oil and gas and electric power industry, which is a vital sector in any country, and emphasizes the need for the accelerated implementation of IoT to unlock its potential benefits. Despite the potential of IoT to achieve important and innovative changes in oil, gas, and electric power industries, surveys indicate a slow adoption trend in Iran. Thus, this research aims to identify and model the drivers that influence the implementation of IoT in Iran's oil, gas, and electric power industry supply chain. The research consists of two stages: the identification of drivers through literature review and assessment using the Delphi method and the presentation of a model of drivers using fuzzy total interpretive structural modeling. The results, comprising 75 drivers categorized into 14 general categories, highlight "government regulations" as the most fundamental driver in Iran's oil, gas, and electric power industry supply chain.

In the current digital landscape, organizations are increasingly leveraging innovative strategies in online advertising to capture consumer attention and foster brand loyalty. Among these strategies is gamification, which involves incorporating game design elements into non-game contexts to enhance user engagement and motivation. Gamification has proven to be a powerful tool in digital marketing, particularly on social media platforms, where user interaction is pivotal to success. By embedding game-like elements into advertisements, businesses can attract attention, heighten engagement, enrich user experiences, and ultimately improve retention rates, fostering greater brand loyalty. A notable example of this approach can be found in the online transportation sector, specifically with TAPSI, a ride-hailing service. TAPSI has employed various gamification mechanics and dynamics within its app and on Instagram, aiming to attract and engage users more effectively. However, a key challenge lies in aligning TAPSI’s gamification strategies with established principles and addressing the gap between the company’s implementation of gamification elements and customer perceptions of their presence. This research examines the role of gamification in the social media advertising content of the online car service industry, focusing on TAPSI’s application of gamification and the perceptual gap between the company's intentions and customer experiences.

This study utilized a mixed-methods approach, conducted in two phases. The first phase involved qualitative content analysis to assess the presence or absence of gamification mechanics and dynamics in TAPSI’s app and Instagram content. The corpus for this analysis comprised all advertisements posted by TAPSI on its Instagram platform and within the TAPSI app between 2023 and 2024. Gamification elements analyzed included dynamics-such as emotions, constraints, narrative, progression, and relationships - and mechanics - including turn-taking, chance, competition, collaboration, feedback, resource acquisition, rewards, challenges, transactions, and winning status.In the second phase, a quantitative survey was conducted to evaluate customer perceptions of the use of gamification elements in TAPSI’s app and Instagram content. The survey instruments were based on established gamification scales by Xu & Hamari (202) and Kim et al. (202). Convenience sampling was employed, with a sample size determined to be 384, following the Morgan table for an infinite population. Data analysis was performed usingSPSS version 26 and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Ultimately, by aligning customer perceptions of gamification elements in the TAPSI software with researchers’ analyses (using a qualitative content analysis approach) regarding the presence or absence of these elements, the implementation-perception gaps were identified, and strategies were proposed to address them.

TAPSI has integrated various gamification dynamics and mechanics into its business practices, particularly within its advertising content Instagram and its mobile app. Analysis of the 2023-2024 content revealed extensive use of gamification elements, with examples of dynamics such as emotions, constraints, narrative, progression, and relationships frequently observed. For instance, TAPSI’s support for national during major international events, intended to evoke emotions of pride patriotism, exemplified its use of emotional dynamics. The progression dynamic was in the app’s design, where users could track their points and progress through various levels, such as Earth, Moon, Sun, and Galaxy.Constraints, another key dynamic, were also prominent. Time limitations on discounts and points incentivized users to monitor available offers to avoid missing out. Furthermore, TAPSI fostered a sense of community and relationship-building among users, drivers, and management, positioning them as interconnected members of TAPSI ecosystem.Regarding gamification mechanics, TAPSI effectively utilized a wide range of elements, including challenges, chance, competition, and rewards. One notable mechanic was the element of chance, which TAPSI incorporated through periodic lotteries and promotions. The feedback and winning status mechanics were also used to publicize winners of challenges and competitions, serving to motivate broader user participation. TAPSI successfully engaged users by introducing a variety of challenges and competitions supported by rewards. However, not all mechanics were present. Notably, no instances of transactions or turn-taking mechanics were identified in TAPSI’s app or Instagram content.The analysis of the implementation-perception gap revealed discrepancies between TAPSI’s use of gamification elements and customer awareness and understanding of these elements. Customer perceptions of transactions, collaboration, and turn-taking were notably weak, mirroring the absence or limited of these elements by TAPSI. Additionally, while TAPSI implemented mechanics such as narrative, progression, constraints, competition, resource acquisition, and rewards, customer perceptions of these elements were similarly underwhelming. In several cases, TAPSI had implemented a dynamic or mechanic, but customers exhibited a limited perception of its presence.

Despite the growth of this sector in major cities, the market remains largely dominated by traditional transportation companies. Consequently, gamification plays a significant role in fostering the expansion of online transportation services. However, when implementing gamification within the transportation sector, it is essential to recognize that its effectiveness is contingent upon various factors. Moreover, a structured and well-informed approach is vital for ensuring the successful application of gamification.Given these considerations, careful attention must be paid to the use of gamification in online transportation to maximize its impact and enhance overall effectiveness. Despite TAPSI’s strategic efforts to incorporate gamification into its advertising content, customer perception of these elements remains incomplete, undermining their overall effectiveness in capturing user attention. To address this gap, TAPSI must consider several recommendations based on the research findings. First, the company should establish partnerships with reputable firms to enhance the resource acquisition mechanic and design challenges that accommodate varying skill levels to foster greater competition. Second, TAPSI should implement campaigns with clear themes and objectives to encourage collaboration among users, thereby strengthening the collaboration mechanic.Additionally, although TAPSI has employed a range of rewards for both passengers and drivers, customer perceptions of the reward remain limited. The divergence in customer expectations regarding the type and value of rewards may explain TAPSI’s lack of success in this area. To address this, TAPSI should tailor its reward offerings to reflect the diverse demographic and socio-economic of its users, providing both monetary and non-monetary incentives.Finally, to boost user engagement with the app and TAPSI’s social media content, the company should explore additional strategies for imposing limitations, such as capping point accumulation or limiting the frequency of reward usage. These modifications could serve to increase the attractiveness of TAPSI’s gamification efforts and better align customer perceptions with the company’s objectives.

Today, the sports industry is one of the most attractive and popular industries, which in recent years has led to the rapid growth of small and medium enterprises. Despite the importance of these companies in creating value and wealth creation, we are witnessing the failure of these businesses, especially in the early years of their formation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the success of sports small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and to present a structural-interpretive model (ISM) of these factors. Interpretive structural modeling is a way to design a pattern of complex and multiple relationships between variables of a phenomenon. Therefore, first, by reviewing the research literature, 12 factors have been extracted: Finance, technology, legal structure, Porter's competitive force (competitors, partners, customers), supportive structure, product quality, human resources, marketing and customer orientation, business and strategic plan, training structure, management characteristics and market share. Then, using the opinion of experts and using the method of structural-interpretive modeling, the relationships between these factors are identified and its interactive model is developed. The structural-interpretive model of these factors indicates that the three factors of finance, legal structure and supportive structure are the key variables affecting the success of sports businesses and the cornerstone of the interactive model that has the most impact and least effectiveness. Finally, in order to accelerate the growth of success of sports medium-sized enterprises have been presented some suggestions.

According to the teachings, the personality of people is among the variables that can be effective in the relationship between people’s perceptions and their behavior. Also, focusing on the health of the organization means focusing on the future success of the organization. Considering the very changing conditions of hospitals and the necessity of their effectiveness, there is a need for employees who have voluntary behaviors for the organization. Despite all the theoretical advances in the field of health, attention to the spiritual dimension of health has been neglected in most health promotion programs. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of personality and spiritual health on organizational citizenship behavior. The statistical population of this research is made up of nurses from selected hospitals in Kashan. The sample size in this research was 218 people using stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was used to collect research data. Structural equation modeling by smartpls3 software was used for data analysis. The results showed that personality traits (psychological entitlement, malice, utilitarianism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy, sadism, narcissism) had a significant and negative effect on organizational citizenship behavior. And the characteristics of psychological entitlement and selfishness did not have a significant effect on citizenship behavior. Also, spiritual health had a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior. According to the findings of this research, it seems that it is necessary to hire, train and advise nurses with personality traits that promote organizational citizenship behavior in hospitals. As a result, the implementation of these solutions helps to increase spiritual health in the organization and to strengthen and form positive and desirable behaviors among employees.

Recently, due to an increase in national, regional, and global changes as well as a reduction in job dependence, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction, a complex, unstable, and uncertain environment has been created. In such conditions, organizations and senior managers should undertake some actions such as the identification of talents, the creation of a talent repertoire in their organizations to identify key positions and to prepare a succession plan for all key positions both horizontally and vertically (Kim et al, 2019). Succession planning, as a subsystem of human resource management, has an impact on organizational learning, stability, and development while promoting financial performance of the organization, turnover rate, and employees’ job satisfaction (Ojeyemi, 2021; Ugoani, 2020). According to Barton (2019), succession is a process during which the talented forces of an organization are prepared in line with the organization’s strategies and plans to take on sensitive jobs and key positions. Succession is a process by which organizations develop and promote capable and talented forces through proper planning (Raby & Valeau, 2021). Despite the importance of competencies and succession, few studies in the field of human resource management, especially in the water and sewage industry, have examined human resource management measures comprehensively with an emphasis on succession. All companies deal with the issue of succession. Kashan’s Water and Sewerage Company, as a service company, is not an exception. Succession management and planning are highly important for this company since about 25% of its managers will be about to retire by the end of 2023, which justifies the need to carry out a succession plan. The present study aims to develop a model of succession management system for the water and sewage company in Kashan.

This study was a qualitative-quantitative one in terms of methodology. It was conducted in several phases, the first and two of which were qualitative while others were quantitative. In the first phase, the researchers identified 80 competences based on academic sources as well as the information provided by the Kashan’s Water and Sewage Company. In the second phase, the identified indicators were evaluated by the managers and elites of the company; the results of Delphi research method yielded 33 competency indicators grouped in individual, managerial, and job categories. In the third phase, the identified competences were surveyed for prioritization with respect to managerial positions by using the TOPSIS multi-criteria technique.

The results showed that the least weight was on emotional intelligence (as an individual competence), customer orientation, and project management (as managerial competences). The highest weight was on time management, thinking skills, communication skills, and responsibility taking manner (as individual competences) along with planning skill, organizational belonging, work commitment, problem-solving skill, and team work (as managerial competences). Also, the general status of Kashan’s Water and Sewerage Company in terms of individual and managerial competencies showed that this company had the highest scores in the competencies of belonging and organizational loyalty, moral intelligence, and work commitment, and it had the lowest scores in the competency of succession and people management, performance management, and project management.

In terms of company’s obtain results (such as lowest scores in succession and people management, performance management, and project management), it has suggested the promotion of these competencies as priorities of individual and organizational management skills development programs. Therefore, several practical suggestions have been offered for developing and a providing a deeper analysis of the current status of the company. First, different methods for training and the development of the candidates can be implemented: using training outside the organization as well as internal development programs (i.e., training and internal development in ways such as practical learning with a manager, coaching, job rotation, and assigning challenging roles to people). Additionally, the company managers can hold educational, training, and in-service workshops in order to make employees aware of their career paths, the possibility of promotion, and the job responsibilities of the current and possible future. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the succession program as a tool to identify employees’ justifiable educational and training needs. Given that one of the competencies that can be improved is the competency of performance management, it is essential to identify the performance indicators and measure the productivity of human resources for developing and improving the human resources of the organization based on succession plans.

The purpose of this research was to identify, modeling and scenario analysis of the acceptance factors of the Internet of Things in the supply chain of Iranian businesses.

To conduct this research, we used both qualitative and quantitative strategies combined. The statistical population in both stages consisted of experts; besides, judgmental and snowball sampling methods were used. In the first stage, acceptance factors were identified through semi-structured interviews. In the second stage, using fuzzy cognitive mapping approach, the acceptance factors were modeled, and the scenario was analyzed.

The results of the first phase show 58 factors of Internet of Things acceptance, which are categorized into 17 sub-themes and 5 main themes. The second-stage results show that the theme of expertise enjoys the highest degree of influence, then the theme of technology readiness comes next. Also, the overlapping of forward and backward scenarios indicates the importance of expertise and technological readiness.

Originality:

 Since there is little understanding of the factors affecting the acceptance of the Internet of Things at the supply chain level of Iranian businesses, this research has been able to add to the literature of this field and to fill the gap by identifying, modeling, and analyzing the scenario of these factors.

Implications:

 Changing recruitment and hiring policies to find and hire qualified personnel, using in-service training tools, and having access to a technological roadmap are the most important strategies of the supply chain, which can lead to organizational expertise and readiness.

The current research was conducted with the aim of the effect of digital games on the movement activities and lifestyle of 16-13 year old students. The current research method was quasi-experimental or semi-experimental, and the statistical population of the research included all male and female students aged 16-13 years in Kashan city in the academic year 1400-1401 (15,230, including 7,000 girls and 8,230 boys). The sampling method in this research was random classification based on gender, in this way, at first, the schools were selected randomly, and the basis for selecting students was available, and people voluntarily filled out the questionnaire. The number of samples was 300 people (132 girls and 168 boys) based on the table of Karjesi and Morgan. The measurement tool was a questionnaire that has 4 sections: 1. Demographic information, 2. Laali et al.'s standard lifestyle questionnaire (2013), 3. A researcher-made questionnaire for the variable of physical activity and 4. A researcher-made questionnaire for the variable of the use of digital games has been prepared and adjusted. The validity of the questionnaires developed by the professors and experts and its reliability has been obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.80 and 0.87 respectively.

The spread of the unknown COVID-19 virus and its pandemic at the end of 2019 faced many countries a serious crisis. Following the outbreak of this pandemic news, many actions have been taken to control and prevent it throughout the world, including Iran. Many of these actions, incorporate the principles, strategies, and components of "social marketing", without being labeled
social marketing.

The present study is a non-systematic review of documents and evidences related to the strategies presented and steps taken to reduce and control COVID-19 in Iran. The information represented is gathered from two sources: three scientific and official centers including World Health Organization, National Headquarters for Corona, and the Ministry of Health and Medical Education and Reports presented in widely published documents During 7 months after the outbreak of Covid-19 started (from 11 February to 11 September 2020).

Collected documents and evidences are classified into three sections: desirable behaviors, marketing concepts including segmentation, targeting and positioning, and social marketing mix.

Findings show that despite the efforts to promote desirable behaviors to control Covidus19, many of these efforts are non-systemic and the lack of attention to macro-social marketing principles has created many inconsistencies in the implementation of downstream and upstream policies that thus has been jeopardized The effectiveness of these actions.

Undoubtedly, cinema can play a key role in teaching entrepreneurial qualities, especially in childhood and adolescence. For this purpose, the qualitative content analysis of selected movies in the genre of children and teenagers was done in the years 1981-2022. The upcoming research is one of the descriptive-analytical (interpretive) researches. It is based on the qualitative research paradigm and directional content analysis technique is used. The content of the film script and dialogues of the actors were used as the unit of recording themes and meaningful sentences related to the topic were identified. The purposeful sampling method was used to select the films. Accordingly, one film from each decade and a total of 4 films were examined. In order to code the themes, measuring entrepreneurial personality traits Kurd-naij et al including the dimensions of achievement seeking, internal focus of control, risk-taking, ambiguity tolerance, intellectual fluency, fantasizing, pragmatism and challenge seeking are used as the main topics in the questionnaire. The findings of this research show that the share of concepts related to entrepreneurial personality traits in the 4 selected children and adolescent movies is nearly 20% and there is no significant difference between the selected films in the use of entrepreneurial concepts. There is also a significant difference between the shares of 8 entrepreneurial personality traits in the selected films. Among them, risk-taking feature with the number of 174 sentences has the largest share and pragmatism feature with 58 sentences has the least share in the selected children and adolescent movies in the last 4 decades. Due to the increase in the tendency of children and young people towards theatrical content, movies can be an important source for modeling roles and accepting entrepreneurial personality traits and thus promoting and teaching entrepreneurial skills. Based on the results, it is recommended to institutionalize the entrepreneurial culture through the development of movies with an entrepreneurial approach, especially in the genre of children and teenagers.

With the emergence industry 4.0, many industrial and service sectors have moved towards using it to improve their effectiveness and efficiency. This transformation has been done slowly in Iran's healthcare sector, so it is necessary to identify the factors affecting its acceptance. The requirement to start this movement is to accept it. Considering the existing research gaps, this research has been conducted to identify, model and analyze the scenario of Industry 4.0 acceptance factors in Iran's healthcare supply chain. This research was done in 2 stages with a mixed approach. The first stage with a qualitative approach seeks to identify acceptance factors and the second stage with a quantitative approach seeks to model and analyze their scenarios. The statistical population in both stages are experts in the healthcare supply chain and sampling methods is judgmental and snowball. In the first stage, semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis were used, and in the second stage, a researcher-made questionnaire and fuzzy cognitive map were used. The results of the first stage show 23 acceptance factors, which were classified into 4 categories: "personality factors", "organizational behavior", "organizational hardware" and "management". The results of the second phase indicate that "emotional intelligence", "organizational culture", "social responsibility" and "stakeholders' awareness of I4.0 technologies" are drivers and "organizational openness" is the recipient. The results of the analysis of forward and backward scenarios show the importance of "effective change management", "trust", "stakeholders' awareness of I4.0 technologies", "financial capability" and "optimism towards technology".

The implementation of Industry 4.0 in the healthcare sector to improve community health is of great importance. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the critical success factors for implementing Industry 4.0 in the healthcare sector, model them, and analyze scenarios for targeted interventions. This issue has not been investigated in previous studies, and this research aims to fill this research gap. This research was conducted in two qualitative and quantitative stages. The statistical population was experts in both stages, and the judgmental and snowball sampling methods were used. The first stage had a population size of 17, determined based on theoretical saturation, while the second stage had a population size of 10. Thematic analysis was used as the data analysis method in the first stage, and fuzzy cognitive mapping was used in the second stage. The results showed that "competent managers," "support and cooperation," and "competent human resources" have the most significant impact, while "project management," "appropriate planning," and "support and cooperation" are the most susceptible. Furthermore, "support and cooperation," "appropriate planning," and "project management" are the most central. Three forward and three backward scenarios were designed for more effective interventions. It is recommended to improve the organization's educational system, strengthen the succession system, implement transparent contracts, and improve the quality of human resource management to achieve independent variables.

In recent years, market principles and business criteria have dominated the rules and values of educational institutions in such a way that in this attitude, educational institutions are considered as economic enterprises and learner as consumers. Therefore, the aim of the research was to provide a conceptual model of commercialization of education from the point of view of administrators. The approach of the research was qualitative and the method of systematic grounded theory was used. the statistical population of the research were 20 faculty members of Isfahan educational institutions, who were selected by purposeful sampling and until theoretical saturation was reached. Data was collected through in-depth interviews. Then these qualitative interviews were coded with Atlas.Ti software. Qualitative data analysis of the conceptual model of the process of commercialization of education in 5 dimensions: causal conditions (increasing demand for education, economic crisis of the government), contextual conditions (international and domestic educational laws, educational developments), intervening conditions (globalization, new world order, cultural, economic transformation and political), the central category (demand to increase the income of educational institutions) includes strategies (making money from education through commercialization of education, privatization of education) and consequences (9 positive consequences and 21 negative consequences of commercialization of education). By examining the central category of demand for increasing the income of educational institutions, the research has examined the causal factors, cultural background conditions and intervening conditions and has proposed recommendations for the government's policy in the process of providing educational services of the institutions.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the position of green shopping behavior among environmentalists and activists and at the same time to investigate a conceptual-analytical model developed from the factors affecting green shopping behavior among this group of consumers. The research methodology is a combination that in the qualitative section in order to identify the factors affecting green shopping behavior, the research background and theoretical foundations related to the subject were reviewed and reviewed, and thus the most important components or themes affecting green shopping behavior. Was identified and a small part seeks to design a structural-interpretive model through the formation of a structural interaction matrix in which 20 environmental activists and experts were selected and finally collected information through a researcher-made questionnaire. Therefore, the present study, by understanding this issue through structural-interpretive model and MICMAC analysis, seeks to design a model based on the classification and segregation of factors affecting green buying behavior. The results show that the variables are located in four levels. The highest level means that the fourth level includes variables such as environmental concerns, religious obligations and product price,, these components have been identified as the final and ultimate pillars of factors affecting green shopping behavior that affect other factors and low levels. Responsibility for environment, sense of patriotism, collectivism and altruism, social norms and attention to the health of others are the most important social variables that are located in the next level, i.e. the third level.

The research was carried out following the normalization of economic views and making money from education with the aim of investigating the mental patterns of education providers from the commercialization of education with Q methodology.
A targeted sample size of 60 faculty members of various universities in Isfahan city was selected. The data collection tool was a 66-item questionnaire taken from research literature and interviews with education experts. Q factor analysis was performed in SPSS software.
There were five mental models of justices with a specific value of 31/946%, universally responsible people with a specific value of 12/247%, economic-oriented entrepreneurs with a specific value of 7/604, moralists with a specific value of 3/713 and culturalists with a specific value of 1/513% among the opinions of the participants. The mental model of justices considers the issue of educational justice and the right to public education to be essential. The mental model of inclusive responsibilities considered the issue of employment of graduates to be essential. The mental pattern of economy-oriented entrepreneurs was in complete contrast with other patterns with importance to economic issues and the effect of entrepreneurial universities on financial independence from the government, they were in favor of commercialization of education. The two models of moralists and culturalists had similar paradigms.
The research introduces the dominant mental model and expresses the dimensions of opposition and agreement of the models, and the results can help policymakers in the strategies used in educational commercialization.

The aim of current study is to identify the effective factors on the social identity of women in Iran and present a structural and interpretive model for the same case. The study is practical. Firstly, previous studies in terms of women’s social identity and the related effective factors were investigated. Then, through purposeful sampling from female elites, and administering questionnaire, a self-interactive matrix was extracted through interpretive structural modelling. By analyzing the factors affecting the women’s social identity, a prioritization was constructed. Finally, employing Mic Mac analysis, the type of variable considering their significance and dependency were sorted. Based on the findings, some of the key independent variables of women’s social identity were: interactional web, socio-economic status, novel IT technology, social capital, and cultural capital. The dependent variables were: body management, traditional roles, athletic contribution, modern roles (independent and updated woman), religious beliefs, reason, globalization, social security, the link between different identities and spare time. Life satisfaction is a dependent variable which is highly related to other variables in the social identity of Iranian women

Bias is an important issue in behavioral finance and it reduces market efficiency. Previous studies have been mainly conducted in order to investigate the presence or absence of types of bias among market investors, but the present research has investigated the relationship between the investor's individual culture, monetary attitude and financial biases. The statistical population of the study is the investors of Tehran Stock Exchange and the sample size is 384. A questionnaire was used to collect information and the obtained data were analyzed with regression analysis methods. 6 groups of hypotheses were examined. The results showed that power distance has a significant effect on conservatism and availability. Effort/ability has a (full) mediating role between the long-term orientation and conservatism and between the extremism and conservatism. Power distance with money obsession and gaining power ambiguity aversion with inadequacy, long-term orientation with money retention and effort/ability, patriarchy with money retention and inadequacy, has a direct relationship. Individualism has an inverse relationship with inadequacy and a direct relationship with effort/ability, effort/ability has a direct relationship with conservatism, and power distance has a direct relationship with conservatism and availability. There is a significant difference in regret aversion between women and men, in loss aversion between age groups, in the illusion of control between different employment situations, and in loss aversion between different amounts of monthly allocation to buy stocks. According to the findings, it is suggested to take action in the field of shareholder training and providing financial advice according to personality type.

communication and organizational silence among the secondary school teachers in Kashan. The research method was descriptive- correlational. The statistical population compromised of 390 secondary school teachers in Kashan in the academic year of 2019-2020. The sample size was determined to be 181 people according to Krejcie and Morgan Tables and by means of stratified random sampling method. The data collection was conducted on the basis of two questionnaires: Robbin's effective communication questionnaire and Vakola and Bouradas's organizational silence questionnaire. The reliability coefficients were calculated as 0/889 and 0/860 respectively for effective communication questionnaire and organizational silence questionnaire. The questionnaires' validity was approved by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis Method and two experts. The collected data were analyzed in the AMOS22 and SPSS22 by One-sample T-test, independent T-test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Variance Analysis Test. The findings showed there was a negative and significant relationship between effective communication and organizational silence among the research population and also there was a negative and significant relationships between effective communication and organizational silence components (Defensive Silence, Acquiescence Silence and Prosocial Silence).The difference in effective communication and organizational silence in the research population was statistically significant in the gender variable, while this difference was not statistically significant in other variables such as age, level of education and years of service.