فهرست مطالب سید عباس طباطبایی

This research has been done with the aim of designing a paradigm model for the development of sports of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s armed forces through mass media. The research method is in terms of qualitative strategy and in terms of purpose and nature, developmental-applied according to the foundation’s data theorizing method with the Strauss and Corbin approach. The participants in the field work of the research were academic experts in sports management, communication and media, and managers of the sports headquarters of the armed forces by theoretical sampling, and theoretical saturation was achieved during the interview with the 20th expert. Data analysis was done with open, central and selective coding of documents and semi-structured interviews during five rounds of interviews until reaching a theoretical consensus to identify the categories of the central phenomenon, causal conditions, background, intervention, strategies and consequences. The research tool was the coding sheets according to the researcher’s guidelines, the validity of which was confirmed by the members of the research group, and its reliability was calculated using the P-Scott criterion (agreement coefficient between coders) of 0.95. Qualitative results in the form of 28 categories, 165 conceptual codes and 218 items in the heart of the 6 dimensions of the paradigm model in the form of causal conditions (6 categories, 38 concepts and 43 items), the main and central phenomenon (4 categories, 12 concepts and 21 items), strategies (3 categories, 28 concepts and 45 items), background conditions (6 categories, 32 concepts and 37 items), intervening or mediating conditions (5 categories, 23 concepts and 30 items), and consequences (4 categories, 32 concepts and 42 items) ), took place. As a result, the antecedents and results of the development of sports of the Iranian armed forces through mass media can be useful and practical. The development of armed forces sports in the country requires structural, strategic, managerial and professional reforms.

The aim of the present study is a comparative study of the typology of the principle of separation in Islamic verses and hadiths and international treaties. Using descriptive-analytical method, it was shown that the principle of segregation, meaning the separation of military from civilian, is one of the most important principles of Islamic teachings and international law. While international humanitarian organizations presented it to the international community much later, in the contemporary period, in the form of international agreements. The types of the principle of segregation include segregation between individuals, possibilities, trials, weapons and methods of use in war. The verses that prohibit corruption and the destruction of property and generation, the rule of minister, justice and the denial of sin, refer to the prohibition of weapons of mass destruction and, in other words, to the principle of separation of permitted and unlawful weapons. Although the times of the prohibition of war and conflict are few in the international community, but in the Holy Qur'an and according to the principle of segregation, it has been dealt with explicitly.

Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase (sEH) enzyme converts Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), substrates formed by epoxygenases from arachidonic acid, to the corresponding diols. EETs have a wide range of physiological effects. Among them, vasodilatory actions in vascular conduit, renal afferent arterioles, and coronary vessels are more considerable and lead to the regulation of blood pressure and myocardial perfusion. In addition, EETs modulate adhesion molecule expression, platelet aggregation, vascular smooth muscle cell migration, and thrombolytic properties, which could be involved in a protective mechanism against athero 5 sclerosis. Therefore, sEH inhibition that leads to the accumulation of active EETs, provides a novel approach to the treatment of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Since the most reported potent sEH inhibitors have limited pharmacokinetic profile, they aren’t useful for clinical application. The effort to achieve to sEH inhibitors with proper potency and enhanced pharmacokinetic properties is still continuous. In this study, new urea-based compounds with oxadiazole ring against sEH enzyme were developed. The designed compounds showed a high affinity to the active site of the sEH enzyme and were synthesized in good yield and characterized by IR, Mass, and 1HNMR. Some novel compounds had comparable in vitro sEH inhibitory activity to 12-(3-Adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-dodecanoicacid (AUDA), a potent urea-based sEH inhibitor.

Political transition which rooted in ancient culture is a concept that has become very important in the age of modernity. The transition of political systems in the form of democracy is justifiable and its perpetrators also benefit from the political experiences of developed civilizations. The transition is important in saving a society that has not functioned properly from the ruling political system. The theory of the transition from a presidential to a parliamentary political system has also raised the issue. In fact, describing transition in the Iranian political system requires understanding the desired inefficiency of a system against a system that has not yet been fully experienced in the Islamic Republic. Therefore, in this study, we examined the transition from the presidential system to the parliamentary system in order to explain the possibility of this by analyzing the political theories of the transition and measuring the theory of the transition to parliamentarism. Our main issue has been how to experience the transition from the current political system of Iran to parliamentarism. The result is based on the loss of power from individuals and the division of power between political groups and parties, which only in this case a transition is possible. The research method is descriptive-analytical.

The purpose of this research is quantitative assessment of the virtual websites of Iran's top sports clubs. Descriptive-analytical method used to describe and evaluate quantitatively the content of Iran football, basketball and volleyball sport clubs websites. The statistical population include all the official websites of all clubs and the statistical sample of the five clubs in the Premier League football, basketball & volleyball clubs (Official websites of 15 clubs) in 2017-2018 season. The method of sampling was theoretical (judgmental). The research tool was a researcher-made instruction coding sheet and its validity were confirmed by the professors specializing in marketing and sports media and its reliability was obtained by the coefficient of agreement between coders by the P-Scott formula (0.91). To analyze data, descriptive statistics (percentages, averages) were used. The results showed that the average percentage of football clubs' sports websites in each of the 4 domains of speed, content, navigability and accessibility were higher than the sports club websites in the volleyball and basketball premier league. The official website of the Mahram Basketball Club, the 24 items, the Saipa Club website, 23 items and the Zobahan Club website, covered, 22 items of 34 items  of evaluations in the 4 domains mentioned. None of the 15 websites reviewed had a newspaper review, lens tool, ticket sales and the pop up advertisements. Sports managers of Iran's top sports clubs should, in addition to identifying issues, existing problems and limitations, have a futuristic approach to identify, discover new opportunities in exploiting the massive media capacity of the club's official website, and directing fans and the club's economic activities to innovation and creating value in sport.

Because of the infrastructure and critical role of roads, the displacements made in them have an enormous impact on the economic growth of countries. In recent years, road accidents have increased dramatically due to the lack of standardization of vehicles and existing roads, environmental factors as well as roadside contributors. Failure to observe safety principles in geometric design and maintenance plan of roads has caused serious damages to the country. On the other hand, modeling of crashes and examining the variables affecting its occurrence has not been done to provide corrective options. Therefore, in this paper, with the help of the intelligent artificial neural network model, the simultaneous effect of atmospheric factors and road pavement collapse was investigated and modeled on the occurrence of accidents on the busy routes of Khuzestan province. Meteorological data and accidents statistics for the statistical period of 2011-2014 were prepared. Independent and dependent variables, as inputs and outputs of the neural network, were defined at three levels of total accidents, damage accidents and injuries accidents. The modeling was conducted using the Neuro Solution software as leading and based on the Levenburg-Marquardt training principle and Sigmoid axon transfer function. The results of various architectures showed that the designed neural network, with high explanatory factor, can model the total number of accidents. In this model, the most effective parameters on the creation of accidents were weather conditions (rain and cloudy weather), road failures (PCI index and prevailing failures), and another factor (the number of forward-facing crashes) as model inputs. For modeling of damage accidents, effective inputs included the number of accidents (damages and losses), road failures statistics (PCI paths and prevailing failures) and weather conditions at the moment of accident. The achievement of the high-level explanatory factor in this model also reflects the ability of the architectural neural network to model the crashes. The obtained results show that using the variables introduced, prediction of accidents can be used in terms of the rate and severity of accidents (incidence, fate or damage). Also, the impact of atmospheric factors on the occurrence of accidents is an undeniable fact, and it is necessary to modify the routes, increase road safety and inform the drivers, to reduce accidents during the occurrence of precipitation or frost and mist conditions

Underground dams are structures that block the natural flow of groundwater and causes underground water resources. In this study, at first18 prone area stounderground Dams were identified using Boolean logic and geology parameters, land use, slope, distance from roads and distance from fault. In the discussion of underground dams, subsurface flow has high importance so that if there is not suitable subsurface groundwater flows construction of underground dams may fail even with high costs. Therefore in this study, SWAT model was used to simulate the water balance and subsurface flow in Doroongar watershed andit was identified using those areas which have suitable subsurface flow and this parameter was used to zone and prioritize the prone areas. By running the SWAT model in the Doroongar watershed, in the calibration step, the correlation coefficient, weighted correlation coefficient and NS (Nash Sutcliffe) were calculated 0.77, 0.75 and 0.68, respectively and in the validation step were calculated 0.71, 0.67 and 0.61.The results showed that SWAT model had acceptable performance for simulation in Doroongar watershed. The results of subsurface flow simulation show that north and south parts of the Doroongar watershed has higher subsurface flow ratio to the center parts of the watershed which represents the high potential of these parts to underground dam construction.

Infusion of large volumes of normal saline is recommended for facilitating graft function during kidney transplantation surgery but it can cause severe metabolic acidosis. Here we studied the effects of intraoperative rapid normal saline infusion on vascular anastomosis، acid base، electrolytes and graft function.

In this study 30 patients were evaluated during kidney transplantation. Infusion of normal saline was started and increased from 10 ml/kg/h to 50 ml/kg/h during vessel anastomosis. Acid base balance electrolytes and anion gap measured at the beginning and end of surgery serum creatinine and urine output was measured up to 48 hours after surgery. Data analyzed was performed by statistical method.

Serum creatinine at 24 and 48 hours after surgery were 3. 04 ± 1. 59 and 2. 22 ± 1. 53 mg/dl respectively. PH change during the surgery was not significant (p=0. 818) but serum chloride increased from 94. 23 ± 3. 95 to 99. 37 ± 3. 84 (P< 0. 001). Base excess and anion gap decreased respectively from -3. 55 ± 3. 47 to -8. 40 ± 2. 65 (P<0. 001) and from 30. 46 ± 7. 72 to 26. 15 ± 8. 25 (P=0. 023) respectively.

Rapid infusion of normal saline to vessel anastomosis during the kidney transplantation is a risk for development of metabolic acidosis while it has beneficial effects on graft function.

Generally, there are three kinds of urologic complications of renal transplantation including vascular, lymphatic and urologic complications; the urologic one is more common in the patients. These complications are related to several factors such as operation technique, characteristics of transplanted organs and donor and number of kidney arteries. This study aimed to determine the frequency of ureteral anastomosis complications (stenosis, urine leak and obstruction) after renal transplantation and its related factors.

In this cross-sectional study, all the kidney transplantations done during 2004-2012 in Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, were studied. Anastomose complications such as stenosis, urine leakage and obstruction were excluded from hospital records and entered to collected data form. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Of 1419 cases of kidney transplantation, 630 (44.4%) were rehospitalized due to kidney problems; from them, 265 (42.1%) were during first 3 months, 251 (39.8%) during 3-6 months, 16 (2.5%) during 7-12 months and 98 (15.6) were at 12 months after the surgery or later. Of the 630 patients, 60 (4.2%) were rehospitalized due to anasthomosis complications. The kind of anathomosis complications was urethral stricture in 28 patients (46.7%), urine leak in 15 cases (25%) and urine obstruction in 17 patients (28.3%).

The incidence of ureteral anastomoses, as a complication in renal transplant, in our patients is the same as the other studies. Probably, the incidence of these complications is due to some factors such as patients’ age, number of kidney arteries and operation technique and these complications lead to rehospitalization and activities for prevention and on-time treatment is needed.

1. IntroductionAging in asphalt mixtures is a phenomenon that starts from the time of construction in the factory and by passing the time, it will progress and finally it leads to stiffening of the asphalt and deterioration of the mixture. Asphalt undergoes hardening primarily due to two factors: loss of volatiles and oxidation of asphalt. The main loss of volatiles occurs in asphalt-aggregate mixtures between the time of mixing and final placement, when the mixture is at elevated temperatures. This is referred to as short-term aging. The longer, never-ending process of oxidation occurs partially throughout the short-term aging time frame, but much more extensively over time, while the mixture is in service and exposed to the environment. This is referred to as long-term aging [1]. Aging does not progress among different types of asphalts at the same rate, and also aggregate types are effective in this phenomenon [2]. Aging is not negative completely, because a small amount of this leads to improvement of the characteristics of the mixture [3]. 2. Methodology2.1. Experimental studyIn this study three kinds, of asphalt cements namely SBS, 60/70 and 85/100 were mixed with celicious aggregates and specimens were subsequently prepared in three states: un-aged, short-term aged, short-and long-term aged specimens to compare durability of different types of asphalts in combination with special materials. Because of the effect of void ratio on the results, all of the three mixtures were prepared by one optimum asphalt content and compaction of the specimens were done by Marshall hammer by ASTM D1559. After preparing the specimens, the indirect tensile strength and Marshall compressive strength of specimens were measured.2.2. Laboratory aging of the specimensThere are two ways to simulate laboratory aging of asphalt cement: aging of asphalt cement alone and aging of asphalt mixture. The aging of asphalt-mixtures is influenced by both materials: asphalt and aggregates. Testing of aged asphalt alone does not appear to predict adequately performance of the mixture, because of the apparent effect that aggregates has on aging [4]. Therefore, laboratory aging was done on asphalt mixtures by SHRP#1025 and SHRP#1030 standards (short and long term aging respectively) in a forced draft oven. 3. Results and discussion3.1. Contrast compressive and indirect tensile strength of the samples Results show that the amount of increase in indirect tensile strength due to aging is more considerable than Mashall compressive strength. Therefore, based on the results and regarding that in the past compressive test hasn’t used for aging, we conclude that marshall compressive test is more sensitive to the increase of the void ratio relative to tensile strength and it is not an accurate measure to evaluate the effect of aging in asphalt mixtures. Hence in this research, indirect tensile strength test was used to classify the asphalts. The results of tests are presented in Table 1 and 2.3.2. Adjustment of the results Increase in void ratio due to aging leads to the error in the results, therefore to prorate this error, we have to adjust them. For each percent increase in void ratio, we should increase the strength a special amount. Firstly, we could use the suggested numbers by researchers and secondly we could calculate an approximate scale based on the indirect tensile strength and void ratio for the increase in the strength. In this research, the second method was used. Of course these procedures are not completely precise, but for grading the asphalts we have to apply one of these styles. Adjusted results are presented in Table 3.4. Conclusions and suggestionsIn this research, we can conclude that indirect tensile strength is a better measure than compressive strength to survey the aging phenomenon.SBS asphalt in combination with celicious aggregates has the highest durability against aging phenomenon and 60-70 and 85-100 asphalts are in the next steps respectively.In this experiment, one type of aggregates has been blended with three kinds of asphalts and the durability of the mixtures has been compared with each other, hence we suggest that to complete this investigation, much more combinations of asphalts and aggregates should be examined in the future.5. References[1] Bell, Wieder, Fellin, “Laboratory Aging of Asphalt-Aggregate Mixtures: Field Validation”, Strategic Highway Research Program, SHRP-A-390, National Research Council Washington DC, 1994.[2] Anderson. Christensen. Bahia. Dongre. Sharma. Antle, “Binder Characterization and Evaluation Volume 3: Physical Characterization”, Strategic Highway Research Program, SHRP-A-369, National Research Council Washington, DC 1994.[3] Bell, A., Sosnovske, C., “Selection of Laboratory Aging Procedures for Asphalt-Aggregate Mixtures”, Strategic Highway Research Program, SHRP-A-383, National Research Council Washington DC, 1994.[4] Bell, A., Sosnovske, C., “Aging: Binder Validation”, Strategic Highway Research Program, SHRP-A-384, National Research Council, Washington DC, 1994.

In this paper، the necessity of using the network-level pavement management in the roads across the country has been accomplished besides the Markov probabilistic model studying to predict the pavement. The qualitative and quantitative criterion to evaluate the pavement is PCI. A network of 1،000 kilometers was studied، and future status was predicted by the Markov probabilistic model. The best matrices of transition probabilities were obtained by Gaussian Elimination method and solving the equation of Ax=B and applying Markov model assumptions. The error may range between 4. 8-39. 3% (on average 25%) and the graph of outgoing data was shown with suitable approximation and coefficient correlation of R2=0. 86. The Markov method for determination of transition probability matrix was explained in this paper with the help of programming in the MATLAB environment، comprehensively and step by step.

In the absence of treatment with conservative therapy for thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)، surgery is performed to remove the operating pressure. This study evaluated the characteristics، complications، and outcomes two surgical procedures in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome.

This retrospective، descriptive، analytical study was conducted in Alzahra Hospital (Isfahan، Iran) during 2001-10. Of approximately 120 patients with TOS who had surgery during the mentioned period، 47 persons were allocated to two groups. In group 1 (n = 16)، the tension was constant and dynamic and the first rib was completely removed at once. In group 2 (n = 31)، the tension was altering and the rib was chopped and removed. Symptoms، complications، and outcomes of surgery were extracted from patient records. The collected data was then compared between the two groups.

Males and females constituted 23. 4% and 76. 6% of the studied population، respectively. The mean age was 38 years. Before the surgery، signs and symptoms were in the left side in 21 patients (44. 7%)، in the right side in 18 patients (38. 3%)، and in both sides in 8 patients (17%). Postoperative discomfort was reported by 35 persons (74. 5%). On the other hand، 12 patients (25. 5%) did not have discomfort after surgery. While 14 patients (29. 8%) were completely satisfied with the outcome and 19 (40. 4%) were satisfied despite having mild symptoms، 13 patients (27. 7%) were dissatisfied. In addition، the two groups were not significantly different in terms of recovery rate and postoperative complications. In group 1، 75% of patients had postoperative discomfort (mild to severe) but 62. 5% considered the surgery as excellent or good. In group 2، 74. 19% of patients had postoperative discomfort (mild to severe) but 80. 58% of them considered surgery to be excellent or good.

Although recovery rate after surgery was not significantly different between the two groups، transaxillary procedure seems to be safer due to less harm to vascular and nervous elements and gradual removal of the rib.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the results and complications of tracheal stenosis and tracheal reconstructive surgeries.

This descriptive study was conducted on patients whose tracheal stenosis was repaired by surgery in the Thorax Center of Alzahra Hospital (Isfahan, Iran) during 1998-2008. Data of patients including age, sex, etiology of stenosis, signs and symptoms onset after intubation, length of resected sections, postoperative complications, and patient's attitude toward recovery was collected and analyzed by descriptive statistics.

A total number of 52 patients with the mean age of 39.15 ± 2.67 years were included and studied. Males constituted 75% of the population. The most common sign was dyspnea (75%). Postoperative complications included wound infection (7.7%), recurrent stenosis (21.2%), and disruption (1.9%). Mortality and success rates were 5.8% and 73%, respectively. In the follow up, hoarseness, mild dyspnea without significant function drop, and tracheostomy were observed in 5.8%, 3.8%, and 3.8% of the patients, respectively. In addition, in 7 patients, bronchoscopic dilation was performed after disease recurrence. Treatment was successful in 86.5% of the cases. Patient's attitude significantly improved in 50% of the patients and fairly improved in 34.6% of the subjects. However, 11.5% showed no improvement in the attitude and 3.8% admitted that their condition was worse.

The intubation period was 21 days that is long. Therefore, more planning needs to be performed to reduce this time. Ultimate success rate was close to similar studies.

Bitumen is the main component of asphalt pavements and asphalt preparation requires the use of high quality bitumen. The use of bitumen considering the vast range of weather conditions including varies climatic regions is essential. Unfortunately, there is normally no difference between the bitumens used in different regions of Iran and this will reduce the efficiency of pavements. Fars province also has variety of climate, and in this study, based on Sharp's method appropriate bitumen for different regions of the province was specified and zoning map based on appropriate bitumen for appliying in each region in Fars province was presented.

Considering the maximum share of the taxes in the different incoming sources of municipalities, attempts should be made to collect such share based on legal frameworks. One of the important factors lending itself to a thorough study is the investigation of the behavior of the taxpayers and citizens in relation to the issue of paying taxes. The cooperation and participation of the citizens in paying their taxes would enable the urban management to take efficient measures to optimally finance and provide local services, to invest in the public infrastructures, etc. The experts state that in order to increase the citizens’ willingness to pay their taxes, such strategies and methods as running advertising projects and passing some motivation- raising rules like offering the possibility to pay taxes on installment plan and considering some form of rewards for encouraging the citizens to pay taxes are of great feasibility. This study investigates into the economic, social, and legal factors which are effective in the citizens’ willingness to pay their taxes in the municipality of the district 21 of Tehran municipality. The current study has been carried out at two levels of population including the staff at the municipality of the district 21 and the citizens in this district and the researcher, after determining the size of the sample for each of the groups, using the SPSS, has analyzed and probed his tripartite theories and the results show that economic and social factors affect the citizens’ willingness to pay their taxes to the municipality from among which the legal factor had the least effect.

Soft tissue sarcoma is a relatively rare disease from mesenchymal cells. Lung metastases occur in many of the patients with limb sarcoma. The aim of this study was the evaluation of lung metastasis due to limb osteogenic and soft tissue sarcoma in the hospitalized patients at Al-Zahra hospital in Isfahan between 1995 and 2008. This descriptive cross sectional study was done on the hospitalized patients at Al-Zahra hospital in Isfahan between 1995 and 2008. Lung metastases were evaluated by lung CT scan. The data were collected from the patient's dossier and their laboratory file. We used chi-square, fisher and T test, and SPSS software (v. 11) for analyzing the collected data. We evaluated 65 patients with limb sarcoma. Lung metastases were detected in 43.3% of the patients with osteogenic sarcoma and 11.4% of the patients with soft tissue sarcoma (p=0.005). There were no relations between occurance of lung metastases and genders, the size of the primary tumor, the side of the stricken limb, and recurrence of the tumor. The incidence of lung metastasis in the patients with osteogenic sarcoma is more than the patients with soft tissue sarcoma. In view of the fact that the incidence of lung metastasis in the patients with osteogenic sarcoma is high, we suggest that these patients be evaluated for lung metastasis.

Chest wall masses are a broad spectrum of bening or malignant growth of cells.Different studies reported different results about chest wall damage,but there is not holistic information about different types of thoracic damage in patients yet.The aim of this research is to study frequency of operated chest wall tumors in Isfahan Al Zahra hospital based on epidemiologic variables, how to respond to the treatment and the fate of these Patients.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Al Zahra training and treatment center in 2009. The sampling method was census. The records of all patients who underwent surgery from 2007 to 2009 were studied. The data were collected by a special questionnaire and analyzed by SPSS software. The Chi-square and T-student tests were used for data analysis.

112 records of the patients with chest wall tumors were studied that 46 cases(41.1%) were benign and 66 cases(58.2%) were malignant. The frequency distributions of malignant tumors in males and females were 56.5% and 62% and the difference between two sexes was not statistically significant (P= 0.55).

According to the results of this study about 59% of the chest wall tumors were malignant and in the case of being hesitant about existing a mass on the chest wall, needed measurements for treatmentand and on time removal of the mass must be done.

Pulmonary resection is the most common Thorax surgery. Many complications that occur after pulmonary resection may lead to increased morbidity and mortality in these patients. One of the most imporatant comlpication is bronchopleural fistula (BPF). This complication is associated with numerous deaths and side effects.

This was a cross-sectional study. Statictical society were the patients who underwent pulmonary resection by the year 2008 to 2010 in Alzahra hospital of Isfahan, Iran and the sample size was 147 patients. The results have been analyzed with Kendall's Correlation Coeffienct and χ2 test.

In 7.3 percent of the studied patients, BPF has been found. Based on our finding we can say the incidence of Bronchopleural fistula after pulmonary resection are related with the extent of resection, side of resection and the need for mechanical ventilation.

Based on our finding it seems that patients with right lung resection and also patients with pneumonectomy need more supervision in compare to other patients with pulmonary resection.

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Esophagenctomy is the principle treatment for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction malignancies. Postoperative respiratory failure and other respiratory problems like athelectasis and severe hypoxia occur frequently after esophageal cancer surgeries. Such patients mostly need ICU care and mechanical ventilation. The aim of present study was to evaluate mean duration of mechanical ventilation and its predictor factors during esophageal resection in middle and distal esophageal cancers.•

This cross sectional analytic study performed in Al Zahra hospital, Isfahan on medical records of 70 patients with middle and distal esophageal cancer operated by transhiatal method in Department of Thoracic Surgery. Patient’s age, sex, tumor location, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of operation, spirometry findings (FEV1), weight loss, need for transfusion, and serum albumin level on admission extracted from medical charts. Finally all data were analyzed by SPSS16 using chi-square and t tests.•

Patient’s mean age was 60.71 ± 11.81 years and 64.3% of them were men. Pathologically, 43 patients (61.4%) and 26 patients (37.1%) were diagnosed by SCC and adenocarcinoma respectively. Totally frequency of complications were 41.4%, and 7.1% of subjects were died within first 30 days. 15 patients (21.4%) were mechanically ventilated after surgery with mean duration of 1.34 day. Mean duration of mechanical ventilation showed no association with intraoperative pleural rapture, intraoperative blood transfusion, anastomosis leakage, type of pathology, postoperative anastomotic stricture, and empyema. However mean duration of mechanical ventilation were significantly higher in died patients within 30 days after surgery, reintubated subjects, patients with serum albumin level of less than 3.5 g/dl, and patients with less than 2 liter FEV1. Among quantitative variables, only FEV1 were associated with mean duration of mechanical ventilation.•

As our data showed hypoalbuminemia (which reflects subsequent malnutrition) and less than 2 liter FEV1 is correlates with prolonged mechanical ventilation (and probably more mortality) it is recommended to improve nutritional condition as well as pulmonary function preoperatively to shortened duration of mechanical ventilation and prohibit mortality rate.

5-year survival rate of patients undergoing surgical resection of pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer have been reported variable. Nowadays, there is not a standard guide for selecting patients for lung metastases resection. This study aimed to identify prognostic factors determining overall survival rate of patients after resection of lung metastases in colorectal cancer. In this cross-sectional study, all the patients underwent resection of lung metastases resulting from colorectal cancer in Alzahra hospital, Isfahan in a ten year period were assessed. Information about age, sex, number of pulmonary metastases, type of metastatectomy, location of surgery, lymph node involvement and its location, size of metastases during surgery, postoperative mortality, survival, history of previous induced liver metastatectomy, pathological findings, and interval of surgery to death were gathered by a checklist referring to the patient records, telephone records, and laboratory and pathological records. The data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier and Log-rank tests. In this study, 26 patients with a mean age of 56.00 ± 15.26 years were enrolled. 53.8 percent were men and the rest were women. Number of metastases was between two and three. No deaths due to surgery (within 30 days after surgery) occured. After resection of pulmonary metastases, one-year patient survival rate was 48 percent percent; three-year survival was not obsereved in our patients (maximum 900 days). History of hepatectomy because of previous liver metastases and pathologic findings of primary colorectal cancer had no effect on survival rate. Among the factors related to lung metastasis, only the existence of multiple metastases was related significantly with reduction of survival rate (P = 0.049). Colorectal cancer patients with resectionable pulmonary metastasis can be of relatively high survival rate; but one-year survival rate is lower in patients with more metastases.

Lack of adequate relief of pain after thoracotomy can cause many complications. In this study the effect of using low dose ketamine through sub pleural catheter for pain relief after thoracotomy were compared with marcaine. In this prospective clinical trial study, patients undergoing elective thoracotomy were included. After thoracotomy, for pain relief the patients in case and control groups received 0.5 mg/kg/hr ketamine and 5 cc marcaine 0.5% through sub pleural catheter, respectively. Vital signs, arterial oxygen saturation, and pain level of patients in both groups were recorded and compared at 1 hour after the surgery in recovery and at 8, 16, and 24 hours after surgery In ketamine and marcaine groups, 41 and 51 patients were studied, respectively. Mean pain level before intervention and 8, 16, and 24 hours after it was higher in ketamine group (P < 0.05). One hour after local injection of local anesthetic drugs, the level of pain relief was similar in two studied groups (P > 0.05). Systemic analgesic dose used after thoracotomy was significantly lower in marcaine group than ketamine group (P < 0.05). Mean difference of pain before and after injection of local anesthetic drugs in the two groups did not different significantly (P > 0.05). Low-dose ketamine likewise marcaine could be used as a known local anesthetic for post-operative pain relief but this pain reduction is less due to the short half-life of ketamine.

The clinical presentation and complications of pre- and post-surgical operation of hydatid cysts of lung depend on whether the cyst is ruptured or not. The aim of this study was to evaluate some of clinical features and treatment of ruptured and non-ruptured hydatid cysts of lung. This descriptive study was done on 102 patients above 15 years of age who had undergone surgery for pulmonary hydatosis in Alzahra hospital in Isfahan dusing 5 years. The data were gathered by a checklist and were analyzed using t, chi square, and Fisher’s exact tests. The patients had ruptured cysts in 54.9% of cases. The mean age in the ruptured-cyst group was 32.62 ± 15.01 and in non-ruptured cyst group was 39.11 ± 15.13. Of ruptured-cyst patients, 53.9% were men and in the other group 37.8% were so. The average duration of hospital stay was 7.0 ± 3.38 days for the ruptured-cyst group and 5.28 ± 2.32 days for the other group. The most common symptoms were cough in 74.5%, dyspnea in 48.1%, and chest pain in 42.2%; 3.9% of patients were discovered to have the disease incidentally. Complications such as pneumonia, empyema, and pneumothorax were meaningfully more frequent in the ruptured-cyst group. With respect to the kind of surgical operation, most of the cases had undergone sementectomy (44.5%), lobectomy (21.9%), and capitonnage (23.5%). There was no meaningful difference between the two groups with respect to the kind of surgical operation. We emphasize on importance of early diagnosis and surgical treatment of hydatid cysts of lung as the treatment of choice and also avoiding of postponing surgical treatment by applying medical therapy.