شادمان پورموسی

One of the most important challenges in the growth and development of courogated box making industries in Iran is the ability to establish a connection and coordination between the human    resources strategy and the strategic goals and strategies of each organization. Different researchers have used very different indicators to evaluate the performance of human resources. In the current research, the effect of human resource management components on the performance of courogated box making companies was investigated in the field. For this purpose, the relationship between the five variables of situational factors, stakeholder groups, human resources policies, human resources results and human resources achievements on the performance components of cardboard companies with the names of capital adequacy, asset quality,    management quality and income level is investigated. By designing a researcher's questionnaire related to the components of human resources management, the performance of the current situation, the performance of the desired situation of the companies were surveyed by the relevant managers and experts using the five-point Likert scale. The obtained data were tested using SPSS software. The results showed that the proper use of human resource management components   improves the overall performance of carton companies. In the analysis of the performance  component of courogated box making companies in the current situation, the highest average was assigned to the capital adequacy component and the lowest to the revenue component, while in the analysis of the optimal situation, the highest average was assigned to the management quality component and the lowest to the asset quality component. Found. The average performance index of courogated box making companies in the current and optimal conditions was 3.42 and 4.56,  respectively, and a clear difference can be seen between them.The results of this research showed that by increasing and improving the performance of stakeholder groups, improving long-term achievements, improving human resources policies, the performance of carton companies will   improve. This research can include the empowerment of human resources in their strategic     planning to improve the performance of courogated box making companies.

Plant extractives show unique properties. They impart colors and change the color of wood and generates attractive appearance. Since early days, societies have been utilizing plant extractives in industrial, medical and even as fungicides and biocides. In early times this application was based on the professional experiences, but as the sciences were advanced, then the technical and experimental identification and utilization was employed. In general, people look at walnut tree wood and fruit as its economic values. However, scientific research has proved the values of walnut tree extractives. In this study the chemical composition of walnut tree extractives and its variation in two periods of spring and summer as well as the impact of the drying on quantity and quality of the extractive components are investigated.

Walnut tree leaves from a selected location of an old walnut tree (100 years old) in mountain region of Karaj were collected in spring and summer. One part of the samples was air dried and another portion was used at green moisture condition. Totally four samples were obtained. Ethanol-acetone extraction was according to Tappi T204-05 procedure. The extractive was identified using GC-MASS spectroscopy and the chemical components in the extractives were identified and tabulated. 

The results revealed that the dried leaves contain fewer chemical compounds compared to green samples which can be an indication that some of the compounds in green sample are volatile and vaporize upon drying. Furthermore, the extractives chemical composition and content varies between spring and summer samples. The major chemical compounds identified were 2-methylneptaline, tri-decan, tetradecan, 2,3-dimethyl naptaline and methylcyclobenzen.

The results indicated the seasonal variation of walnut tree extractives. These is also considerable variation in wet and dry samples which can be attributed to the presence of volatile compounds. The odor of walnut leaves is the consequence of existence of such volatile extractives. The absence of some of the compounds in summer samples indicate the seasonal changes of the extractives.

Cellulosic industry organizations try to establish appropriate strategies to perform the main production processes and provide services to customers by improving productivity and reducing costs. Environmental concerns, energy scarcity, depletion of natural resources, and increased competition among organizations have made the study of a sustainable supply chain cost-effective for market success. The purpose of this study is to identify effective indicators for a stable supply chain sustainability model in the cellulosic industry with multi-objective decision making methods.

The present study is an exploratory research in terms of orientation, applied and in terms of method, quantitative-qualitative, which has used the data theory strategy of the foundation. The data collection tool in the qualitative section aimed at identifying the components and sub-components of stable supply chain sustainability, in-depth and semi-structured interviews with purposive sampling method. In the quantitative part of the research, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed. The obtained data were used to measure variables and weight by Vickor and Shannon entropy methods.

Eleven main components and thirty sub-components were identified by qualitative studies for stable supply chain stability. By examining the relationships and ranking of indices using quantitative methods, green storage indices with a numerical value of 0.133 and continuous improvement with a numerical value of 0.134 were considered as the top components. According to the Vickor index, the components of green warehousing, quality improvement, economic stability, intra-organizational pressures, information technology capabilities, company commitment and strategy, logistics optimization, social values, institutional pressures, strategic supplier cooperation and environmental protection, respectively. Stable supply chain stability affects the cellulose industry.

Due to the shortest distance to achieve sustainability in green warehousing and quality improvement, cellulose industry organizations in the country can use the results of this study to increase productivity and reduce organizational costs  .

Considering the increasing growth of the world population and the increasing needs for the use of paper packaging, it shows the competitiveness in the companies that produce different types of paper, so identifying and ranking the factors affecting the competitiveness in the companies The producer of packaging papers makes each company choose different approaches for competitiveness according to its capabilities.The aim of the current research is to identify the factors affecting the competitiveness of the companies that produce all kinds of packaging paper in Iran and to rank them using the hierarchical analysis method. The research method is a descriptive survey, the statistical sample of the research is 60 experts, specialists and shareholders of the packaging paper industry companies in the country. The time frame of the research is cross-sectional and was conducted in 1401.The packaging paper industry in Iran has long faced challenges such as the lack of forest raw materials, technological dependence, etc. The increase in the tendency to package products based on paper and paper products has caused the consumption of paper to show an increasing tresnd. Competitive companies are able to produce or provide products that have higher quality and lower price compared to other competitors and at the same cost. By studying the sources and articles related to the topic of competitiveness and also using the specialized knowledge of experts related to the research of ten main components including raw materials, final product, technical and technological abilities, socio-cultural, macro, human, economic policies, micro factors related to the company, laws and regulations and monopoly of companies and 52 sub-components of competitiveness were identified. For this purpose, a researcher-made questionnaire was designed. After distributing and receiving them, the resulting data were weighted and then ranked for the purpose of pairwise comparisons in the hierarchical analysis method using Expert Choice software. The results showed that the components of monopoly of companies (0.196), technical and technological capabilities (0.141), economic (0.125), micro factors related to the company (0.114) on the competitiveness of manufacturing companies Wrapping papers are more effective. Monopoly in production of products (0.056), monopoly in technology (0.048), ability of machines and technology (0.0472) were declared among the sub-components with greater impact on competitiveness in the mentioned companies.

Considering the ever-increasing growth of the world's population and the increasing needs for cellulosic products, it is very important to maintain sustainability in this industry. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the importance of sustainability indicators in cellulose industries, to improve the performance and environmental, social and economic effects of this industry. Because, by determining the importance of sustainability indicators in cellulose industries, it is possible to determine appropriate strategies and policies to improve sustainable performance in this industry and help achieve sustainable development and environmental protection.Therefore, the main goal of this research is to rely on the presented importance of developing a decision-making model that is able to identify the importance of categories (indices) affecting the sustainability of cellulose industries and also calculate the prioritization of sub-factors by analyzing through multi-criteria decision-making techniques. In this research, a combined method using hierarchical analysis and best-worst methods to calculate the weight of categories and Aras prioritization method is used to select the best option and suggest the order of preferred ranking of the options. From the analysis, it has been determined that 11 main categories and three sub-categories affect the sustainability of cellulose industries. According to the results, among the main categories of strategic supplier cooperation with a consolidated weight score of 0.1801, continuous improvement is the least important with a consolidated weight score of 0.0252. Also, among the sub-factors, environmental management with a desirability degree of 1 has the first priority and environmental pressure with a desirability degree of 0.555 has the last priority. In addition, with the introduction of this decision-making framework, the analyzes of previous researchers have been reconstructed, and the framework of alternative rankings has been proposed in a hybrid way.

In order to achieve the higher competitive advantage, identifying and prioritizing the various factors of sustainable supply chain management and its relationship with the performance of the companies producing home and office furniture, have been selected as the main purpose of this study. The statistical population in both the qualitative and quanitative parts consisted of experts, and specialists in the field of sustainable supply chain management and the company performance, including managers and operational engineers of furniture manufacturing companies in Tehran province. In the qualitative part, the interview method and content analysis were used to identify effective factors and in the quantitative part, a reseracher – made questionnaire based on Likert- scale was used to collect data and Pearson correlation and Friedman tests were used to understand the causal relationships between research variables and prioritize them. The validity and reliability of research tools in both parts were tested and confirmed using different methods. The results showed that supply chain management practices have a direct and positive effect on the home and office wooden furniture firms. Also in the sustainable supply chain management, the dimensions of delay time, product cost and design and adaptation to the environment were given first to third priority. Also in terms of performance, the dimensions of rapid response and the proposed changes of customers in the responsible volume, investment returns and customers' preference to buy from top names were given first to third priority.

Various corrugated board making units operate in a wide range from small workshops to large industrial units in the country. These units possess the necessary conditions to play an effective role in economic growth, job creation and development of export markets. Introducing the components and sub-components that affect the sustainability of production in this industry can be a roadmap for the business activities of those interested in this type of business. The purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize the components and sub-components of production sustainability in corrugated board making industries, to determine their current position by evaluating the different operations management activities and monitoring sustainable production performance in order to achieve the desired levels of production sustainability of carton manufacturing units. By studying and reviewing the available literature and sources, seven main components affecting the sustainability of production in the corrugated board making industry, namely regulations, economic, environmental, technological, social, human, material and product, and 43 sub-components were identified by setting up a researcher made questionnaire. The questionnaire construction and distribution among the managers and experts of the industry with the aim of influencing each component and sub-component on production stability and their current status were investigated and the results were analyzed with the relevant tests. Based on the findings of the research, all the components affecting the sustainability of production based on the standard coefficients and significance of the structural equations as well as the predictive criterion of verification and quality of the data presented with the redundancy index with cross-validity have the necessary validity for prediction. The prioritization of components based on the rank average and the distance to the sustainability of the economic, material, product and technological components showed the lowest distance and the environmental components, rules and regulations showed the greatest distance to achieve sustainability in the carton industry. Therefore, in order to achieve the sustainability of production in the industry of environmental components, laws and regulations should be paid more attention. Corrugated board making companies can take advantage of the results of this research in order to achieve sustainable production. Therefore, by examining and analyzing their current situation, they determine the position of their organization in terms of the components and sub-components of production sustainability, and then to achieve a better position, they fix the deficiencies and related problems by determining and implementing projects.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the production companies in the laminate flooring industry in terms of competitiveness using nonparametric tests. The statistical population of this research includes experts and specialists in two areas of competitiveness and structure of the laminate flooring industry; managers in companies producing and importing this product and customers of laminate flooring. The sampling method was randomly classified. The Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size. In order to determine the effective indicators while studying the available sources and using the Porter model, as a basic model and after conducting the necessary studies and factor analysis, the conceptual model of the research was designed in form of three main criteria including environmental factors, intra-organizational factors and factors creating perceptual value as well as 9 sub-criteria. After conducting the necessary studies, preparing a researcher-made questionnaire and data factor analysis, the conceptual research model was designed and by conducting a field research and analyzing the results using student's t-test and Friedman test, the relationship between laminate flooring competitiveness with 3 criteria and 9 sub-criteria was examined. The reliability of the data was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method. The mean of all studied indices was evaluated as moderate based on the results of descriptive statistics. Based on the results of the t-test, environmental factors, intra-organizational factors and factors creating perceptual value have a more than average role on competitiveness. Also, based on Friedman test, prioritization of indicators was obtained respectively based on environmental factors, factors creating perceptual value and intra-organizational factors.

This study aims to identify the expectations and preferences of consumers of home and office furniture using nonparametric tests. The statistical population consists of customers of the home and office wood furniture industry in Tehran and a stratified sampling method was used in this study. Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size. To determine the effective indicators, the researcher studied the available resources and the Van et al.’s model as the basic model and conducted a factor analysis to design the conceptual model of the research. Using a field research, the student t-test and Friedman test, she examined the relationship between consumer preferences and 5 factors and 17 subindices.

The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by the data obtained from 100 questionnaires using Cronbach's alpha. The results of descriptive statistics indicated that the mean of all the indices was at an average level. The minimum and maximum values and the standard deviation showed that there were no outliers. The results of inferential statistics in SPSS software indicated that as the significance level for Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was greater than 5%, all variables are assumed to be normally distributed. The results indicated a significant relationship between all indicators and consumer preferences regarding home and office furniture. The results of the one-sample t-test indicated that consumers consider corporate responsibility factors, product and vendor’s characteristics and internal factors above average while they consider environmental and safety factors at the average level in the purchase of home and office furniture. The results of the Friedman test indicated the priorities as follows: vendor’s characteristics, internal factors, corporate responsibility factors, product characteristics and safety and environmental characteristics.

The first step in feasibility study of any national mega projects in energy sector is the investigation on the production potential and evaluate the market demand for the product. The success rate of a biofuel project after forecasting supply and demand depends on choosing the appropriate place to produce. In this respect, factors such as the selection of appropriate production site, environmental, technical, economic and social are among major issues. In this study, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was used for the prediction of bioethanol demand in five sceneries; E5, E10, E15, E20 and E30. The time period up to 1412 is foreseen. The data on agricultural wastes and the present and future potentials for the bioethanol production in different provinces is analyzed. The results indicate that, the average daily consumption of gasoline will increase to 136,922 million liters per day as we reach 1412.The study also shows that there exists the potential for the production of 18.16 million liters of bioethanol which can fulfill the requirement of E5 and E10 by 1412. If we want to implement the E20 and E30 scenario in the country, it is necessary to increase the production of 7 selected products in this research, in the provinces of Khuzestan, Fars, Khorasan Razavi, Golestan, Isfahan, Mazandaran, Tehran, Qazvin and Alborz and Gilan by 62.2 million tons per year by 1412, And consider the effective factor in the success of the project, namely the support of the government and legislators for national mega projects.

Cleaner production as a global strategy with methods such as process improvement can reduce raw material consumption, energy, waste, production costs and environmental pollution and increase competitiveness and sustainable industry development. Utilizing cleaner production patterns to reduce consumption of materials, energy, waste and environmental problems can also affect the carton industry in Iran. In this study, effective indicators and criteria for clean production in corrugated box making industries in Iran were determined using the opinions of experts, industry managers and academic researchers and were used in the form of a researcher-made questionnaire to use the hierarchical analysis method. The results of the analysis of questionnaires showed that the process control and product control indices with the highest priority is the most important effective indicators for the implementation of cleaner production in the companies in the country. Prioritization of all cleaner production sub-indices showed that the industrial process automation as a sub-index is the most important in the strategic implementation of cleaner production in the corrugated box making industries.Sub-indicators of using approved and standard raw materials, proper composition and formulation of requests, quantitative and qualitative controls of processes, alignment of organizational culture with cleaner production goals, timely planning of received orders, adaptation of production products to customers' requests and continuous empowerment manpower with a view to cleaner production are also in the next priorities. The results of this research can be used in the implementation of cleaner production process in the corrugated box making industries in Iran.

The paper recycling industry consumes a significant amount of fresh water in its processes. Complete or major treatment of generated effluent is always one of the priority and policies of industries. In this study, aluminum electrodes with dimensions of 2*150*20 mm were used and by adding hydrogen peroxide to the effluent and performing electro-fenton reaction, the residual concentration of pollutant was measured by spectrophotometer. After obtaining the optimum values of voltage, agitator speed, reaction time, pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration, molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to iron sulfate and distance between electrodes, the percentage of COD removal was calculated. COD reduction efficiency percent for electro-fenton reaction was 95.50% also the optimized conditions were as follows, voltage: 6 volts, pH: 2, stirring speed: 300 rpm, concentration of hydrogen peroxide: 1000 mg/L, distance between electrodes:3 cm, molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to iron sulfate:1/4 and  reaction time: 90 minutes. The results showed that the electro-fenton method can be used successfully for wastewater treatment of paper recycling industries.

In the present study, we have evaluated the behavior of consumers in the decision-making process to purchase domestic and foreign household furniture. In this study, the statistical population was the total number of household wooden furniture customers, of which 385 were selected based on the table of Krugis-Morgan and by random sampling method. After conducting initial research and studies, considering the issues raised and the importance of the subject and determination of the research objectives, the 5 latent variables have been identified as cultural, preferential, sales, quality and beauty factors as the effective indicators for purchase of wooden household furniture and selection of imported products in comparison with domestic products were designed. To collect inferential data, a researcher made questionnaire and for library data, the study of resources, theses and research articles in this regard were used. Data were analyzed, by SPSS software in the descriptive statistics and by Lisrel software to determine the relationship between variables for structural equations. The results showed that the research model has been fitted in the first-grade and in the structural model. In measurement model, the measurement indices have created some meaningful factor loadings. This issue shows that this model has correctly been determined from theoretical literature and the criteria of this measurement have been recognized correctly. This caused a high validity of the measurements ‘tools. Also, all the mentioned latent variables and its dimensions as the structures of the proposed structural model effect on customer preferences in the decision-making process of foreign and domestic household wooden furniture purchase.

The development of the packaging industry is one of the requirements of the industrial excellence of countries.The Corrugated box making Industries has always been a privileged position.Unfortunately, with the increasing pressures on the industry and the constraints of currency exchange and liquidity coupled with the uncertainties in decision-making for large-scale industry management, the corrugated box making Industries have faced crises.To this end, the present study examines the challenges facing them and ways to overcome them in the corrugated box making Industries.A researcher-made questionnaire was used for the survey and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha calculation method.The data of the questionnaires were analyzed by the statistical software.The results showed that the supply of raw materials accelerated the replacement of other packaging’s instead of Corrugated -based packages, lack of specialized knowledge, lack of appropriate technology, worn-out and do not updating the machinery are  the most challenges that facing the corrugated box making Industries.To overcome these challenges, one can point to the use of regional comparative advantages in the provision of suitable raw materials and so on.

In this research, the influence of two temperatures (60 and 90°C) and three dosages of sodium hydroxide (5, 7.5 and 10%, based on the dry weight) on hornbeam wood chips alkaline pre-hydrolysis and soda pulping was studied. Soda pulping of both pre-hydrolyzed and control chips were conducted applying constant pulping variables. The effect of pre-hydrolysis on hemicelluloses removal and sodium hydroxide consumption and pulp characteristic including total yield, reject, pulp freeness, kappa number, and pulp strengths were measured and statically analyzed. In case the effect of variable on measured property was statistically significant, then Duncan multiple range grouping of the measured property was arranged. The result revealed that pre-hydrolysis removed almost 4.2% (based on dry wood) of hemicelluloses of the wood and pre-hydrolysis demonstrated easier soda pulping delignification, due to weakening the lignin-carbohydrate bonds and both total yield, reject and kappa number were reduced. Tensile strength index of the pulp produced using pre-hydrolyzed chips war lower and as the dosage of sodium hydroxide increases, the tensile strength index was reduced initiated from the removal of hemicelluloses which is also lower than control pulp, Tear strength index of the soda pulp from pre-hydrolyzed chips was mildly reduced which is anticipated to be the consequence of fiber weakening and fiber breaking during cooked chips defibration. The effect of pre-hydrolysis variables on tear strength was not statistically significant. Based on the result of this study, hornbeam wood can be a potential source of bio-refining based on lignocellulosic material.

One of the most important goals of managers and owners of production companies is to understand their unit's position in terms of competition, based on the role of the component of competition in the success or failure of their organization. This paper showed the status of competition in the Corrugate Box Making Companies in Iran using the SPACE (Strategic Position and Action Evaluation) matrix. Accordingly, each manufacturing unit can choose one of four types of aggressive, conservative, defensive and competitive strategies for competitors. The values of each of the determinant factors in this matrix were obtained through a questionnaire completed by experts, supervisors and managers of Corrugate Box Making Companies, and these factors were classified into four groups: financial strength, industry ability, environmental stability, and competitive advantage. The results of the analysis of SPACE matrix data showed that the units in Corrugate Box Making Companies are in aggressive, competitive and defensive positions, but a large part of the companies should use defensive strategies in terms of the competitive environment, due to internal and external constraints.

Wet tensile strength is very important in some cellulosic health products. When these products produced during the recycling process some of the characteristics in pulp suspension due to lack of stability of desirable quality properties is difficult to achieve. In this study, using a variety of different doses of cationic polymers with laboratory methods, at first reduced the anionic charge amount in pulp suspension gradually. Then the Poly (amine) amide epichlorohydrin and its stabilizer injected to the suspension. The pulp suspension and physical properties of handsheets were evaluated. The type and amount of cationic polymers have a significant effect on the reduction of anionic charge of pulp suspension and the resulting increase in wet tensile strength and other physical resistance of handsheets. The effect of polymers resulted that anionic charge of suspension improved from 237 µeq /L in control samples to32µeq/L in the best conditions. Physical properties of handsheets improved after chemical treatments with different amounts of variety of polymers. Wet tensile strength increased than13 N/m to 121N/m, dry tensile strength improved 2730 N/m to 2860 N/m the burst resistance increased than 146 KPa to 160KPa in superior treatment using 135 mg/L of Gfloc F10. Stepwise regression analysis showed the significant relationship of the anionic charge in the pulp suspension and the physical properties of handsheets. So using different cationic polymers can be reduced the anionic charge of the pulp suspension and improved the quality properties of paper base products.

In the era of growing globalization competitiveness has been considered as a major issue among policy-makers at different levels, so, the purpose of this study were determining and ranking of the effective indices on competitiveness of Iran’s corrugated box making industries by analytical hierarchy process.
This study from the point of aim was descriptive-survey, implementation process was combination and results were applied. For this purpose, reviewing and investigating of researches carried out by others and interviewing with a numbers of specialists, the questionnaire including 4 main- factors and 26 sub-factors is designed and distributed between active corporations. The importance degree of criteria and alternatives after getting expert’s opinions and applying analytical hierarchy process are determined. Questionnaire reliability was measured by Cronbach's alpha test. Considering the fact that the research variables have been formed from several dimensions (factors), in order to assess the validity, the confirmatory factor analysis has been used.
The results in Expert choice software showed that material and product factor (0.59 relative weights), Human being factor (0.185), technical factor (0.140) and economic factor (0.07) had highest to lowest impact on competitiveness of corrugated box making industries in Iran respectively. Ranking of the materials and products sub-factors showed that the variety of materials and sustainability management has the most and least importance respectively. Prioritizing of the effective sub-factors of human being indicated that skill improvement and personals has highest and lowest importance respectively. The sub-factors of applying innovation and modern and high technology has the most and least importance respectively. Ranking of the economic sub-factors showed that branding and economic stability has the most and least importance respectively. Among the effective sub- factors, the variety of products ( 0.154) ,quality of products(0.143) and economic stability and lower cost- price had the most and least importance respectively.
The ranking results showed that the factors had the most utility from the consumers and suppliers of materials and products, in competitiveness have been the most important for the corrugated box making industry. Analysis of the attitudes of quality with competitive pattern, reveal important aspects of relationship between different attitudes of the quality of materials and products and the company's success. In explaining these results, it can be noted that only quality can create sustainable success in a way that balanced the benefits and costs to meet customer and organization profitability in a competitive environment. Also, various branches of wood and paper industry to enhance its competitiveness requires have to use of new technologies and take advantage of new machinery and modern production.

Background and Subjects: Todays, the satisfaction isn’t the final key to success and profitability, and the marketing concepts that has been insisting lately on this matter, don’t recognize it anymore, thus today only customers who have a sense of belonging to the organization are counted as profitable and long term capital for organization. To keep and maintain a customer in Corrugated Box Making industry contains a large share of sale security and stability in the competitive market. Strengthening commitment in buyers of corrugated board products leads to the survival of the production units. Researchers’ have investigated the factors affecting the commitment and behavior of customers in different industries. But in the corrugated board and packaging industry that their increased industrial activity thrives on industrial exchange in each country, it is not practical. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to identify factors affecting the commitment and behavior of customers in the corrugated board production units in order to offer the solutions for the continuity and quality of its relationship.
Material and Information of the survey is gained through library research, reviewing canons, and interviews with experts regarding the subject’s matter of the survey. Then all indices were considered in a questionnaire designed by the researcher standards. The questionnaire was distributed among a sample of the target population. The study consisted of customer and consumers of corrugated board products in Tehran. After sending questionnaires to managers, supervisors, company executives, Consumer and buyer of corrugated board products a number of 150 of them was received. Preliminary evaluation of questionnaire was conducted in the form of descriptive statistics. Then, using a model of research the effect of seven factors related to the intensity of emotions, mutual trust, interdependence, interpersonal factors, and the quality of the relationship with commitment and behavior of buyers of corrugated box making industry was investigated. Received data was analyzed by using factor analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM).
Data analysis showed that the factors of mutual trust and interpersonal relationships between customers and sellers in corrugated board products industry have the greatest impact on customer commitment. While the intensity of feelings in corrugated board products industry has less impact on customer commitment. However the other factors in the research influenced the research subject too. Increased commitment in customer of corrugated board products industry, lead to increased buying behavior of the industry, which itself finally leads to increase in profits of firms. The cost for manufactures in corrugated board products reduced by increasing desirable behavior in customers of industry.
The commitment is very important on the relationship between buyers and sellers in corrugated board industry. Some of the benefits that gained the marketers their business are the buyer commitment in corrugated board industry. It is achieving their suitable behavior that reduces costs and increases profits of seller firms.The findings suggest that managers and directors emphasize the commitment of customers and in order to increase their of commitment to causes of interpersonal trust they should pay more attention.

Application of cellulosic fibers and minerals of deinked waste paper sludge has a great impression on utilization and characteristics of final product. This study was designed to produce use gypsum-fiber board from the DIP sludge. The gypsum: sludge ratio was considered as 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30 and 60:40. Two types of gypsum boards were prepared with fixed 12 mm thickness and cold pressing time of 10 and 20 minutes at 30 kg/cm2. The results revealed that, regarding the fact that the DIP sludge contains a variety of short fibers with excessive amount of minerals, increasing the sludge loading could affect the compatibility of gypsum and sludge. The effect of sludge on physical and mechanical properties of gypsum fiber boards was significant to probability of 99%, in a way that maximum water absorption, maximum thickness swelling and minimum density of the boards for the treatment of 40:60 percent of gypsum to sludge was gained as follows in respect: 29.7%, 2.15 % and 0.66 g/cm3. On the other hand, MOR and MOE for board with gypsum: sludge ratio of 70:30 were gained 1.765MPa and 1.598 GPa, respectively. The effect of pressing time on physical properties of gypsum fiberboard was not significant at the probability of 95%. According to the obtained results, it has been suggested that such boards could be used in covering and ceiling isolating applications.

In this study the effects of oxidative bleaching and mechanical dispersion in different conditions on the optical and mechanical properties of deinked recycled pulp was investigated. Industrial deinked pulp was treated in the different conditions, including dispersion, combined oxidative bleaching during dispersion, and separate dispersion and then oxidative bleaching. Handsheet papers were made from obtained pulps and then scanned and taken photos were analyzed by Digimizer software, version 4.1.1.0 to analysis spot content. Optical and mechanical properties of obtained handsheets were determined and compared. Results indicated that mechanical dispersion decreased spot content and brightness and increased yellowing of the handsheets. Moreover, mechanical dispersion increased dry and wet tensile and burst strengths, water retention value (WRV), ash content and decreased tear strength of handsheet papers. This study revealed that combined dispersing and oxidative bleaching of de-inked pulp provided superior results in comparison to the separate dispersing and oxidative bleaching.

In the today's competitive world, one of the most important marketing strategies for manufacturing companies is customer-oriented approach, in a way that creates value for them, leading to the formation of loyal customers. Customer loyalty is a multi-criteria decision problem that influences different factors. In this paper, the basic and effectiveness factors of customer loyalty were identified using relevant literature, the specialist's opinions and by a multi-criteria decision approach combining ANP and fuzzy DEMATEL an integrated process were presented for ranking the factors affecting customer loyalty in the industry of wooden furniture. The results indicate that among the main factors, customer satisfaction (0.025), perceived quality of interactive elements service (0.020) and the perceived image of the company (0.016) respectively are more important. In the following factors of customer satisfaction, the most important from the perspective of individual product is the mentioned product price (0.025).The second and third are the products diversity index (0.006) and quality of the product (0.003) respectively. The company's reputation (0.038), credibility and reputation of the brand (0.027), and advertising and promoting(0.019) measures are the most important sub-index of the perceived image of the company respectively. The most important factors of perceived quality of interactive elements service in terms of respondents were product availability (0.027) and replacement inferior product (0.018).Track customer complaints (0.010), the mentioned sellers desired behavior (0.005) are in the following importance categories.

In this study dispersed deinked pulp (DIP) of Latif Company which includes a mixture of straw printers, mixed office waste (MOW) and mechanical recycle paper was used to investigate the effect of bleaching variables on pulp and paper properties. Six variables of bleaching process including the amount of hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, and sodium silicate, bleaching time, bleaching temperature and final pH were optimized in order to improve wet and dry tensile index of handsheet. Design Expert software was used for analyzing and modeling. Results in from of the central composite design (CCD) were investigated and response surface methodology (RSM) was modeled and analyzed. Optimized wet and dry tensile were obtained by appling 1.55% hydrogen peroxide, 1.55% sodium hydroxide and 1.55% silicate, 90 minutes bleaching time, 83 0C bleaching temperature, and final pH equal to 8.5. The result showed that bleaching variables affect significantly the optical properties sample as well as mechanical strength of paper, and also dry and wet tensile strengths can be improved by optimization of bleaching condition.

Corrugated Box Making industries have been built in the country to package the industrial and non-industrial products. Their success depends on the performance of other industries.In this study, the influence of going Iran to the World Trade Organization on the Corrugated Box Making industries by field research methods which were investigated using questionnaires and evaluation matrix SWOT. The study results showed that due to the proximity of Iran to the supply sources of raw materials, consumption marked and labor costs, Corrugated Box Making industries could have a comparative advantage.Lack of integration construction of strategy management, guidance and surveillance in corrugated box making industry, educated work, educated work force and educable, International economic sanctions and proximity of Iran to the market supply of raw materials and consumption respectively, are the weaknesses, strengths, threats and opportunities of the Corrugated Box Making industries.

In order to simultaneously improve wet and dry strengths of paper and decrease environmental issues related to the wet strength resins، in this study effect of application method of wet strength additives on paper properties was investigated. Wet strength resins were applied in four methods including spraying an aqueous glyoxal solution on to the surface of wet paper، addition of aminated polyacrylamide (PAa)، glyoxylated polyacrylamide (GPAM) and polyamide-epichlorohydrin (PAE) to the pulp suspension، and spraying of aqueous glyoxal solution on to the surface of wet paper containing PAa. The results showed that wet strength of paper increased significantly after glyoxal spraying، which had high correlation with the amount of applied glyoxal. The glyoxal spraying had insignificant effect on the dry strength of paper، however tensile energy absorption (TEA) of paper decreased and stiffness of paper with increasing glyoxal spraying. Addition of PAa to the pulp suspension slightly increased wet strength، while dry strength and TEA of paper increased significantly. Glyoxal spraying on the wet paper containing PAa distinguished as the best method improving paper properties while simultaneously increased wet and dry strengths without increasing effect on the stiffness of paper. By this method، the best results obtained in the paper contained 0. 4% PAa and 1% glyoxal spraying which was optimum compared to the paper treated commercial GPAM and PAE resins.