فهرست مطالب شهلا کاظمی پور

Today's societies have undergone immense changes in people's lives with a huge evolution in technology. Many definitions of individual and social life have been redefined with the advent of the Internet and virtual networks. Various issues and factors are effective in the influence of virtual social networks, which need to be studied and identified. Therefore, the aim of this research was to identify the effective factors on the influence of virtual social networks among students. The research method used in this study was Delphi. The statistical population of the research included all managers and related experts in politics, 13 people were selected as a sample in the available way. The findings from the data analysis showed that 5 dimensions of interactivity, structural characteristics, functional characteristics, audience awareness and policy making in the field of management are effective on the influence of social networks.

Background and purpose:

 Schwartz's values are a set of moral principles and values, through their realization, social responsibility can be realized in the police command of J.A. Iran realized. Therefore, according to this issue, the purpose of the current research is to identify, evaluate and rank the educational factors affecting Schwartz's values in order to fulfill the social responsibility of the J.A. Police Command. It was Iran.

The research method is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in terms of mixed data type. The statistical population of the qualitative section of experts and senior managers in the field of social issues of the country with the purposeful sampling method and the saturation principle of 30 people as the sample size and the second group including all the citizens of Tehran between 20 and 50 years of age, 385 people as the random sampling method. The sample size was selected. An 80-item researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. In the qualitative part, the fuzzy Delphi process was used, and in the quantitative part, sample t-tech tests and structural equation modeling were used.

The results showed that political factors including the structures of cultural invasion, the behavior of politicians, democracy and laws and how they are implemented affect Schwartz's values with a coefficient of 0.622, and at the same time educational factors including the structures of media and education with a coefficient of 0.675, social factors with a coefficient of 0.675 Family structures and conflict of values, religion and relationships with a coefficient of 0.703 and economic factors including structures of income, class distance, work and entrepreneurship with a coefficient of 0.474 affect Schwartz's values. The prioritization of the components also showed that social factors are in the first priority.

In the end, it can be said that Schwartz's values as a set of important moral values, with an innovative approach, can be used by J.A. police commanders. Iran to help in moral and legal decisions and help to realize social responsibility and maintain human values in the police command of J.A. Iran.

 It is unlikely that the population growth rate has stayed steady in recent years, given the present situation in Iran. There has been a slight rise in population growth over the past 60 years, according to birth, mortality, and census results from 1956 to 2016.

Mathematical modeling is a common element of computer programs used to predict population growth. This model was applied as a useful and instructive tool in the present research to predict Iran's population until 2041.

The standard mathematical modeling approach predicted the total population using the data from Iran's 1956–2016 census using different mathematical modeling methods. The descriptive population growth prediction model (exponential) outperformed the other techniques in terms of compatibility with historical population data. Furthermore, it proved to be highly effective and appropriate for projecting Iran's population in the future. For the year 2041, the following population estimates were projected: A total population of 113,215,189, a male population of 57,366,315, a female population of 55,848,874, an urban population of 83,786,814, a rural population of 29,428,375, and a total population of Iran exceeding 100 million people during the year 2031.

Combining the exponential and hyperbolic extrapolation models allows for the prediction that Iran's population will increase to 159,852,540 people by the year 2075, which is twice as many as that of the 2016 census. Moreover, it is also feasible to calculate the approximate total population that lived 100,000 years before the 1956 census using mathematical modeling.

People in the society suffer more from mental feeling or perceived inequality than from real inequality. To explain the issue, in this research, we sought to investigate the social factors affecting the feeling of social inequalities and we tried to answer this question: what are the social factors affecting the feeling of social inequality in Isfahan city? In terms of controlling the research conditions, this research is a mixed method (survey and grounded theory). The statistical population of the current study is all citizens aged 18 and older living in Isfahan city. According to Cochran's formula, the sample size was 400 people, which was selected by random sampling according to the size. The data was collected with a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 28 items for independent variables and 18 items for the feeling of social inequality (dependent variable). Ensuring the validity of the questionnaire questions was done through the face validity method to ensure the quality of the instrument, the researcher used two criteria, checked its reliability and validity. Retest reliability was used to check the reliability, and the 99% reliability obtained indicated a very high reliability of the tool. To check the reliability, content validity was used (according to the Sen H Laushe formula - CVR coefficient) and the CVR coefficient was equal to 68%. To analyze the data, statistical methods of one-way analysis of variance and independent t-test were used. Based on the obtained results, there is a significant difference between the feeling of social inequality and the variables of social opportunities, geographical area and media programs. However, there is no significant difference between the feeling of social inequality and the variables of ethnicity, religion, social bases and education levels.

Emotional divorce is one of the traumas that many families face. The breakdown of marital ties is one of the most prominent examples of developments related to today's family. Therefore, the need to study the factors affecting emotional divorce is felt more and more. In this study, emotional divorce is measured in three economic, social-cultural and emotional-sexual dimensions. Moreover, based on theories of Giddens's, exchange, second demographic transition, modernization, conflict, economic deprivation and homogamy, the influence of individualism, modernity, sexual satisfaction, family type (from traditional to modern), power structure in the family, inequality feeling, religious beliefs, educational and religious homogamies, socio-economic status, age, sex, educational level and marriage age on changes in the rate of emotional divorce were assessed using multivariate regression. In a cross-sectional study, 384 married men and women in Tehran were selected using the Cochran's formula and their information were gathered by a researcher made questionnaire in 1400 . The reliability of the research questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. Findings showed that women have emotional divorce more than men and the variables of sexual dissatisfaction, heterogeneities of religious beliefs and education, individualism, modernity, traditionality of the family and lower marriage age lead to a greater extent emotional divorce among married men and women.

Enjoying one third of the average global rainfall, Iran is one of the world’s dry regions. Isfahan province, as an important province in Iran, is not an exemption to this. Hence, the balance between water resources supply and demand in this province should be considered an important approach. Unless the issue of water shortage is understood and acknowledged by community, violence will dominate tolerance and dialogue and the social security of the civil community will be jeopardized. Therefore, water crisis in Isfahan should be acknowledged by community or should considered a social issue to become food for thought.

Based on the conventional procedure in the grounded theory method, the present research has presented the results related to the open coding of the data, as well as the selective and central coding. In order to carry out theoretical and background studies, the library method and data collection tools have been used through data collection, statistical, documentary and descriptive sources. Based on the principle of theoretical saturation, the research experts are 13 people who were familiar with the under-study issue.

The attractiveness of the urban center of Isfahan for living and due to factors such as its demographic developments, the weakness in the decision-making and planning system, the imbalance of resources and consumption, water resources abuse, the dangers of drying up “Gav Khooni”, land subsidence, the threat of rural livelihoods, as well as the damage caused by migration in the cities of the province; and the potential of the problem to become a social problem, have all brought about dissatisfaction and the policing and security crisis. Finally, the governance policies along with social movements, have made the life of the river Zayandehroud faced a challenging issue and has led to regional quarrels and its continuation.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting the unfulfilled need of having children of women living in Tehran. The research method was a survey and the data was collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population included married women aged 30-44 in Tehran in 1400, of which 400 were selected as a sample using a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The findings show that most people consider the ideal number of children in the family to be two children. The results of bivariate analysis showed the unfulfilled need of women to have children and the variables of respondents' age, age at first marriage, age gap between couples, length of marriage, number of children, religious adherence, attitude towards the value of children, social network norms, individualism and control perception. Behavior has a significant relationship. The results of the multivariate regression also showed that in the final model, the variables of women's attitude towards the value of children and the level of religious adherence of women have a direct, positive and significant effect, and the variables of the number of children of women, the attitude of women towards the norm of the social network regarding the increase of children. and individualism have a direct, negative and significant effect on the unestimated needs of women.

One of the challenges of migrant-receiving and -sending countries is the social relation manner of immigrants in destinations, which can be one of the factors that disrupt regulating social relations, convergence and cohesion among individuals and social groups in these areas. The aim of this study is to explain the sociological consequences of social relations of Iranian immigrants to Germany. The research method was survey and the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of Iranian immigrants over 18 years living in the three states of Baden-Württemberg, North Rhine-Westphalia and Hess, with the sample size selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method being 280 people. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the variables of length of stay, religious beliefs, generational difference, educational restrictions and group relations of Iranian immigrants to Germany. The results of the regression model showed that the variables of generational difference explained 14%, commitment to religious beliefs explained 22%, educational restrictions explained 19% and length of stay explained 29% of the linear variations in the relations of Iranian immigrants to Germany. However, social trust, acceptance of norms of the destination country and the use of virtual social networks did not have a significant relationship with the social relations of Iranian immigrants, so the mentioned hypotheses were not confirmed in the present study.

Today's societies with a huge change in technology, have undergone endless changes in people's lives. Many lives have been affected by the influence of these networks and the political dimension in societies and citizens' political awareness is different. The purpose of this study is to identify and rank influencers. Social networks and the study of cultural exchanges due to the influence of Telegram and Instagram social networks on the level of students' political awareness. Students' political analysis and comparison of their influence on political awareness The survey method has been used. Findings from qualitative analysis of the research show 5 dimensions of interactivity, structural characteristics, practical characteristics, audience and policy in the field of cultural exchange management Influenced by social networks are effective. No significant difference has been reported between the two Telegram and Instagram networks in political awareness. The popularity of Telegram and Instagram in Iran is undeniable and there is no competition with domestic applications. Learning these two tools with its trans-temporal and trans-spatial characteristics has a great role in the political awareness of people, especially students who know how to use these tools.

As the most basic social institution and an emotional unit, the family plays a significant role in the social health of any countries. Efforts to strengthen the couple's bond and the relationships within this system provide moral health and general prosperity. However, this relationship has undergone various changes over time and the ups and downs of life, which leave major results. One of the most important results is marital conflict. After a long period of conflict, couples face the stage of hatred and then the state of indifference, which is the last stage of emotional relationships between men and women, and ultimately leads to emotional divorce. This type of divorce refers to a situation, in which the emotional relationship, support, passion, warmth, attention, love, and intimacy between the couple decrease. Emotional divorce is one of the most important family injuries that cause personal, family, and social collapse so that the effects of this tense situation sometimes remain for a long time. Despite the frequency of emotional divorce, this type of divorce is still an unknown phenomenon and it is referred to as the temporary stage of official divorce in many scientific studies. In recent years, official reports and statistics have indicated an increase in the divorce rate in Tehran. According to experts, the share of emotional divorce is more than official divorce. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on the drivers of emotional divorce between couples. In this regard, this study aimed to provide a framework for identifying and evaluating the drivers of emotional divorce among Tehranian couples based on the experts’ views. 

This research was an applied research in terms of purpose and a descriptive survey based on the nature of data collection. Besides, was cross-sectional based on the time horizon. The expert panel of this research included sociologists, experts in the field of social sciences, and experienced counselors of family, as well as couple therapists with at least 10 years of work experience in Tehran, who dealt with a variety of couples suffering from emotional divorce. In this research, the required information was available to a special group of experts, who were selected through the snowball method. The data collection was done by two methods library studies and field investigation. Two researcher-made questionnaires were designed to survey the experts in monitoring, screening, and final localization of the factors affecting the emotional divorce among Tehranian couples, as well as their weighting and prioritization. In this research, to analyze the data and identify the final drivers affecting the emotional divorce among Tehranian couples and weighting and prioritizing them, the one-sample t-test and the Group Analytic Hierarchy Process (G-AHP) were respectively used in SPSS and Super Decision software. The group decision-making strategy prevented the bias results and increased the accuracy of decision-making and the results by obeying collective wisdom. 

The results of this research indicated identification of 29 drivers of emotional divorce among Tehranian couples, which were organized into the four dimensions of life skills, personality and behavior, social and sociological aspects, and fields. According to the experts, the social and sociological dimension with a weight of 0.35 had the highest importance among them and contributed more to the emotional divorce among Tehranian couples. It was also observed that among the drivers of emotional divorce, "weakness of communication skills" with a weight of 0.0548 among the dimension of life skills, "betrayal and extramarital affairs" in the behavioral and personality dimension with a weight of 0.0482, "lack of Kefoit and matching of spouse" in the social and sociological dimension with a weight of 0.0545, and "individual’s economic position" in the land dimension with a weight of 0.0546 were assigned the highest degrees of importance. Therefore, it was concluded that the experts and institutions in charge had to use intellectual, financial, and infrastructural capitals in the face of priority drivers. Finally, some appropriate solutions and corrective actions were provided for facing these drivers.

The issue of political socialization of women has been one of the most important concerns of the intellectual, cultural, social and political circles of the Third World in recent decades. Although this phenomenon is one of the achievements of modern culture and Western civilization, but today it has become a global concern that does not belong to other Western societies and the reason for this is its globalization and expansion. The present study was an attempt to answer the main question: to what extent is the extent to which political sociability is realized among educated women in Tehran? And what factors are considered as variables affecting it as an independent variable. For this purpose, to measure political sociability, according to studies and backgrounds conducted abroad and at home, he has used the three main indicators of political awareness, political attitude and political participation, and the sum of these three indicators makes our dependent variable. The research method of this research is survey, which has surveyed 384 educated women in Tehran using the Cochran's formula as a sample population, using a questionnaire. The reliability of the research questions was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha with an average value of 0.819. The results of the study confirm the relationship between the level of political socialization with the maps of family, friends and peers, religiosity, marital status, education and age of respondents.

The institution of the family in Iran has faced important changes during the last few decades, such as a transition from extended family to a nuclear family, an increase in marriage age, a decrease in the marriage rate, an increase in absolute celibacy, a change in criteria for choosing a spouse and increase in divorce. The purpose of this study is to present a picture of the evolution of the family and introduce theoretical approaches with an emphasis on the state of marriage and divorce. To explain the evolution of the family, three theoretical approaches have been used, "modernization theory", "second demographic transition theory" and "postmodern theory". In this study, two methods of "documentary" and "secondary analysis" were used. First, the topics related to the background, literature and research theories have been used from available scientific sources. And then, by referring to the data of the results of the censuses, the civil registration organization and the national survey report, the developments of marriage and divorce have been explained. The results showed that during the last four decades, the share of extended families has decreased and the net marriage rate has decreased, the average age of marriage and divorce rates have increased, and the criteria and methods of choosing a spouse and the attitude towards divorce have changed from traditional dimensions to modern ones. To make policies to increase the marriage rate, reduce the age of marriage and reduce the divorce rate, because the causes of most of the changes that have emerged are socio-cultural, it is suggested that instead of providing loans and facilities for marriage or issuing a directive to reduce divorce,special measures should be takenin the field of cultural issues and to change the lifestyle components in the country.

The aim of this study was to investigate the causes and factors affecting the unfulfilled childbearing intentions of women living in Tehran. The research method was survey and data were collected using a questionnaire. The statistical population included women aged 30-44 married in Tehran in 1400, of which 400 were selected as a sample using multi-stage cluster sampling. The findings show that most people consider the ideal number of children in a family to be two. The results of bivariate analysis showed that between unfulfilled intentions of women having children and respondents age, age at first marriage, age difference between couples, duration of marriage, number of children, religious affiliation, attitude towards child value, social network norms, individualism and control Perceived behavior has a significant relationship. The results of multivariate regression also showed that in the final model, the variables of women's attitude towards child value and women's religious adherence have a direct and positive effect, and significant and the number of female children variables, women's attitude towards social network norm regarding Increased childbearing and individualism have a direct and negative negative effect on women's unapproved intentions. Perceived control variables of women's behavior, age, age of marriage, duration of marriage, age difference of couples indirectly affect women's unfulfilled / fulfilled intentions by having an effect on other variables.

The aim of this study was to investigate the major health indicators of the elderly in physical, mental and social dimensions of Mazandaran province.

The main issue in this study was the study of major indicators of health of the elderly in physical, mental and social dimensions. The statistical population in this study is Population 65 years old and Mazandaran province. Their number in 1395 was equal to 116,648 thousand people. (Statistics Center of Iran, 2016) Sample size (n) based on Cochran's formula, 384 elderly people aged 65 and over living in Mazandaran province have been studied as a research sample. The questionnaire used in this research consists of 2 parts. In the first part of the questionnaire, the information needed by researchers in relation to some variables to investigate its relationship with the general title of the research is included and in the second part, the necessary questions to assess physical health. It is considered psychological and social. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using SPSS and LISREL statistical software of appropriate parametric and non-parametric statistical tests.

The results showed that there was a direct and significant relationship between the health of the elderly in physical (r = 0.176), mental (r = 0.16) and social (r = 0.178) dimensions with quality of life.

Also, the results of structural equation modeling showed that objective factors (0.95), education (-0.14), marriage (0.11) and activity status (0.08) with quality of life, perceptions of life realities ( 0.16), gender (0.11), age (-0.04) and quality of life (0.78) had a direct and significant relationship with healthy aging.

This paper seeks to identify the contexts and grounds affecting the repatriation migration of university professors to the country during the last ten years using the grounded Theory approach and indepth interviews. The study population comprise of the university faculty members who have had the expereince of return migration to Iran. The sampling was conducted using purposeful and snowballing until theoretical saturation. The findings showed that the causal factors affecting the return migration include economical factors (welfare problems in relation to their salary and high expenses of life abroad), social factors (the feeling of social injustice, the vague status of employment, the feeling of social despair and the lack of social capital) and personal and motivational factors (family belonging and the sensation to improve the scientific level of Iran). Apart from the above mentioned causal factors, the underlying factors of "psychological" (psychological problems and emotional belongings of the individual) as well as "job-scientific" factors (the possibility of employment and job repulsion), along with interventional factors such as "lack of financial capacity" as well as associated policies (immigration and occupational) play a role in the occurrence of this phenomenon, which indicates the multidimensionality and intertwining of structural, environmental and agent factors which inlfuence together the return migration.

In different communities, the characteristics of population have influenced the sovereignty and security, and functions as an important factor. Just as the size of the young population in terms of age and type of activity can provide workforce for the country, or the size of the elderly population can have a large financial burden to maintain them, demographic characteristics such as level of education and skills and the like -which are mentioned in the context of human capital- can also have positive and negative effects on society. Since population is one of the important factors in national sovereignty and security, the present study examines the relationship between population and national sovereignty using descriptive and analytical methods in the context of demographic changes in Iran. According to the findings of the research, currently Iran with a population of 78 million people is considered a regional and a global middle power. However, due to the gradual decline in total fertility rate in Iran, there is concern that Iran will experience negative population growth, resulting to an elderly population, which is arguably a danger to Iran's power and security in the region.

 With the development of health and well-being in the contemporary world and the increase in life expectancy resulting from it, the issue of aging has become a significant social issue in many countries. As a result of such circumstances, the adoption of effective policies in the field of aging has become more important and necessary. The present study seeks to compare the aging policies of Iran and Sweden.

 For this purpose, the most important documents and aging policies of the two countries were read, and based on these policies, four key axes in the field of aging policy were extracted, which are: public/private support, material / spiritual support, Support based on passivity / elderly intervention, support based on socialism/individualism.

 The results of policy comparison showed that the policies of the elderly in Iran and Sweden in the first three axes have a significant similarity so that the policies of both countries are generally government-oriented (first axis), based on material support. (Second axis) and had a more passive approach to the elderly (third axis). But the comparison in the fourth axis showed that Iran's policies are more individualistic and in Sweden generally have a socialist nature.

 In general, considering the similarity of the general lines of aging policies in Iran and Sweden and their significant differences in terms of the general welfare of the elderly, it can be concluded that aging issues in Iran are more related to the nature of policies. How policies are implemented is relevant.

In recent decades, the institution of the family in Iran has undergone significant changes. Such as: change in the formation of marriage and family formation, increase in marriage age, decrease in marriage rate, increase in definite celibacy, change in the circle of marriage, change in criteria for marriage and change in childbearing aƫtudes. Many experts do not consider the changes in the family institution as the result of changes in the economic situation and the institutional structure of society, but also believe that these changes stem from changes in the process of values and traditions.The theoretical basis of this research is based on ideological and aƫtude theories. According to Inglehart theory of cultural and value transformation and Ven de kaa and Lasthaeghe theory in the framework of the second population transition theory, two aspects of value and aƫtude changes in the country including individualism and family values and their impact on change in criteria and methods of marriage, aƫtude to the appropriate age for marriage and the desired number of children are considered. The required data are taken from the findings of two naƟonal family surveys (2019) and the third wave of Iranian values and aƫtudes (2015), which have been evaluated by secondary analysis. Findings showed that the rate of childbearing in Iran in the last four decades has increased from normal natural (7.1 children) to voluntary ferƟlity and below the replacement level (1.7 children) and the average age of marriage for boys and girls, has been accompanied by an increase of about 5 years. Values and aƫtudes about marriage and childbearing and the degree of individualism differed between the three generations of young, middle-aged and older. On the other hand, aƫtudes toward the desired child and the appropriate age for marriage are significantly correlated with the degree of individualism. Therefore, the effect of cultural factors on changes in marriage and childbearing in Iran can be confirmed. And more emphasis should be placed on cultural factors to revise population policies.

This study aimed to identify the causes and factors, consequences and strategies of divorce reduction in Iran and prioritize it from the perspective of divorce experts. In this study, using the fuzzy Delphi technique, 13 of the divorce investigators identified the most important causes and consequences of divorce in the country and then prioritized the main divorce reduction strategies. "Lack of communication skills (between couples, between family members, and between families)," "The unprecedented rise of women entering the labor market in recent decades has led to their economic independence, and Unhappy with their marital status leads to divorce "As the most important causes of divorce," Mental trauma and socialization of the children of divorce "," Increasing women-headed households "as the most important consequences of divorce in the country of value Was posted. "Preventing Addiction," "Reducing and Controlling Social Injuries Threatening the Family Institution Specifically Addiction, Unemployment, Poverty, Violence, Spouse Abuse, and ... at Community Level" have been the main strategies for reducing divorce in the country, according to experts.

In this article, considering the field of study and gender, we seek to answer the question of how much identity is influenced by these two variables and what tendency is strengthened by strengthening each of the religious and modern identities? Based on the aspects related to the changes and implicit complexities in the status of identity, especially among students, the present study seeks to answer the main question of what is the relationship between the tendency towards modern values and religious identity among students.

The method of this research is correlation and its statistical population is all students enrolled in the second semester of 1397 in the faculties of technology, art and social sciences of the University of Tehran as three disciplines from three different fields in the mother university and the symbol of higher education in Iran. According to the size of the statistical population in different fields, 380 samples were selected by stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was considered by the professors of social sciences and also the validity of the questionnaire through Cronbach's alpha test.

The results show that there is an inverse relationship between modern and religious identity, boys are more inclined to modern identity than girls. In further study, the difference between the means showed that there is a significant difference between the disciplines of the Faculty of Engineering and the disciplines of the Faculty of Arts in the tendency towards modern values. There is a significant difference between technical and art disciplines in the tendency towards religious values, so that technical students are more inclined towards the values ​​of religious identity. This result is fully confirmed by the significance coefficient of 0.000. However, there is no significant difference between technical and social sciences students due to the fact that the significance coefficient is greater than 0.050. There is also a significant difference between art students and social science students, and social science students are more inclined to the values ​​of religious identity. This result is reliable and generalizable to the statistical population due to the reliability coefficient of 0.001 which is less than 0.05. Interestingly, among students, technical tendencies compared to other students, tendency to modern values ​​and religious values ​​are more than other tendencies. The identity of students in these orientations is a combination and construction of the two mentioned values.

The quality of fluidity and interaction between the two categories of values has been internalized in students and can disrupt predictions of student behavior in future situations and also promise constructive interaction between two categories of resources within them. This article examines the formulation of identity as a fluid state under the influence of various sources that different people, especially student youths, who are in the most important stages of socialization. Numerous sources are very influential in shaping the identity of student youth. Although this article does not seek to create a dichotomy between modern identity and religious identity, it seeks to identify different formulations influenced by sources that have different weights among different groups of students. For this reason, in order to identify the elements and components affecting identity, these components can be distinguished from modern, national, religious, etc., but lived in practice and experience and based on the findings in the present study, it can be said that in general, these elements and components constitute the identity of students, so it cannot be reduced to one or two dimensions.

Objective (s): 

In recent years decreasing fertility in Iran has become one of the demographic problems which has attracted the attention of policymakers. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between socio-economic factors with childbearing tendency.

This was a cross sectional study. A sub-sample of data from the “2017 Iran Fertility Transition Survey” was used. The sample comprised of 374 ever married men and women aged 15-49 in Kermanshah, Iran. They were selected through the clustered sampling and the data was analyzed via SPSS 22 software using linear regression, Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance

The results obtained from data analysis indicated no significant relationships between residency, housing, home size, employment, education and social class and attitudes toward childbearing (p>0.05). However, significant relationships between sex preference, gender, spouse age, birth interval, Internet consumption, birth space and attitudes toward childbearing was observed (p<0.05). Overall the result indicated that independent variables could explain 23% of variance of dependent variables.

  The findings suggest that the ideal number of children of young couples is affected by their living conditions. So, the success of any potential population polices depends on the improvement of coupleschr('39') living conditions.

In the present study, the effect of social capital on the political tleaning of reformism and fundamentalism of the citizens of Khuzestan province was examined. In this regard, the polarization of the political tendencies of reformism and fundamentalism of the citizens during the 3 elections of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1997, 2005 and 2013) was designed and analyzed according to the amount of social capital. Data analysis was assisted by regression tests, F analysis, T test, and structural equation analysis in the form of SPSS and PlS- Smart software. The statistical population of this study was the citizens of Khuzestan province and the statistical sample of 5 cities had a population of more than 100,000 people. The necessary information was collected using a questionnaire and a possible multi-stage method. Then, to obtain the validity or validity of the data, the SVR criterion and the experimental criterion criterion were used as standard. Using the results of the study, it was found that the dichotomy of reformist and fundamentalist political tendencies is completely influenced by the amount of social capital in different areas of the statistical community and a significant relationship between this type of political leaning and social capital was confirmed according to demographic variables. . Also, the compass index of political leanings showed that the highest and lowest political affiliations affected by social capital were seen in the political tendencies of reformism and fundamentalism of the citizens of Khuzestan, respectively.