فهرست مطالب شهناز شهرجردی

Sciatica pain is one of the most costly disorders for society in terms of quality of life and disability. The purpose of this research is the effect of selected corrective exercises on the pain of the sciatic nerve of athletes.

The statistical population of this research was made up of 30 athletic students of Arak University with a history of sciatica pain and medical records. The participants in this research were selected from students with sciatica pain who were approved by physical medicine and rehabilitation specialists and had the conditions to enter the research. And the subjects were randomly divided into two control (15 people) and experimental (15 people) groups. People with sciatica pain were in the age range of 18-30 years.

Based on the results of the t-test, it was found that the selected corrective exercises led to a decrease in the intensity of sciatica pain in the training group compared to the control group (p<0.05).

According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that the selected corrective exercises lead to a reduction in the intensity of pain in athletes with sciatica pain, and corrective exercises can be used as a simple and accessible protocol for the treatment of this pain. .

Investigating how people behave and think in crises will be a valuable help in reducing and preventing injuries in various aspects of life, especially psychological aspect. For this purpose, this study was conducted to investigate the cognitive biases in the face of the coronavirus outbreak in Iran.

First, the data of the first quarter of the corona outbreak in Iran related to the social networks Twitter, Telegram, WhatsApp and Instagram with the keyword “coronavirus” were provided to the researchers by the Cognitive Science and Technology Headquarters. In the next step, the data were analyzed and due to the large volume of information, the data of Twitter and Telegram social networks were analyzed by content analysis method in terms of cognitive biases and their frequency.

The results showed that more than 25% Of the messages surveyed contained a kind of bias that had the highest frequency of quasi-definite biases (tendency to draw definitive conclusions despite uncertain information) and normality (tendency to interpret normalities while the situation is critical).

In general, it can be said that crises such as the corona crisis can affect the mental health of people in society and can affect their thinking and therefore their behavior.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of musculoskeletal pain in undergraduate students of Engineering and Humanities Faculties of Arak University in 1397-98.

This cross-sectional study of 464 students (humanities, 169 and engineering, 295 people) with mean age (20.56+1.51 years), Body Mass Index (22.29±3.35 kg/m2)). Was done at the undergraduate level of Arak University in the 2018-2019 years. Nordic questionnaire to assess musculoskeletal pain during the last 7 days, 12 months as well as functional disorders during the last 12 months in the neck, shoulders, wrists and hands, back, lower back, pelvis, thighs, legs and ankles were examined.

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Research Projects of Hamadan University (Code: IR.BASU.REC.1398.013).

 The highest prevalence of musculoskeletal pain was in the spine (63.4%) which is in the back (27.6%), neck (23.5%) and then shoulders (21.8%), respectively. In software and chemical engineering, neck, shoulder, wrist, and hand pain were most common due to computer work and study time per day. Back and lower back pain were very common in psychology and Quranic sciences due to inactivity and increasing Waist-Hip ratio.

 Musculoskeletal pain is one of the most serious problems in some fields of study in colleges, which can be found to reduce the complications by finding the causative factors and educating students.

Investigating the dimensions of physical and mental health of people in the face of crises such as coronation is critical and can help better planning to reduce the negative consequences. This study aimed to compare the health-promoting lifestyle and the value of life of people with a history of COVID-19 and healthy people. The research method was post-event (causal-comparative). A total of 272 adults (124 with a history of COVID-19 and 148 healthy individuals) responded to the lifestyle questionnaire and Life- Regard Index by sending a link to them. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed a significant difference between the two groups in health-promoting lifestyle components. The group of people with a history of COVID-19 had a lower score in all components of this variable than the healthy group. But there was no significant difference in the value of life between the two groups. A health-promoting lifestyle in corona pandemic can play a role in coronavirus infection. Training in lifestyle improvement skills will help reduce the harmful consequences of this virus in society's physical and psychological dimensions.

One of the selected methods of anesthesia in cesarean is spinal anesthesia. Low Back pain is the second most common complication after headache following spinal anesthesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of Pilates on pain and disability of women with low back pain following spinal anesthesia.

In this quasi-experimental study, 40 women with mean age of 29.4±4.75 years had low back pain following spinal anesthesia after cesarean section, and they were also randomly divided into two groups of Pilates (8 weeks, 3 times a week, 45-60 minutes each session) and control (no regular exercise). Pain and disability were assessed using the Quebec and Oswestry questionnaires before and after the intervention, respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25 software using Shapiro-Wilk test and dependent t-test at 95% confidence level (p <0.05).

There was no significant difference between the study groups with regard to age, body mass, parity, gestational age, and birth weight. Mean pain in pre-and post-test from 56.13 to 39.8(p=0.013) and also disability from 40.27 to 26.13(p=0.018) in Pilates training group compared to control group, pain from 54.07 to 53.23 and disability from 48.7 to 49.6 (p>0.05), respectively.

The results of this study showed that eight weeks of Pilates exercises can reduce pain and improve disability in women with low back pain following spinal anesthesia after cesarean section. It is recommended that midwives emphasize the importance of low back pain and recommend exercise therapy in prenatal counseling sessions.

Idiopathic scoliosis is the most common type of lateral spinal deformity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks Schroth corrective exercises and orthosis on dynamic balance in patients with idiopathic scoliosis.

In this quasi-experimental study, 30 adolescent boys with idiopathic scoliosis with a cob angle of more than 10 degrees were randomly divided into three groups (n=10): exercise, orthosis, and control. Subjects in the Schroth exercise group performed selected corrective exercises 3 times a week for 8 weeks, the orthotic group used individually designed foot orthoses for at least 4 hours daily for 8 weeks, and the control group did not receive any special treatment. Y balance test was used before and after the intervention to evaluate the dynamic balance of individuals. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using analysis of covariance.

The results showed that after 8 weeks, the mean scores of dynamic balance in the exercise (99.38±7.11) and orthosis (98.13±4.22) groups were significantly higher than the control group (89.14±4.11) (P<.001), but no significant difference was observed between the orthosis and exercise groups (P=1.000).

According to the results, the Schroth corrective exercise program used in the present study and orthosis can be suggested to improve the dynamic balance of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. It seems that a combination of the two methods of Schroth corrective exercise and orthosis can benefit patients from both treatments.

Coordination and balance is an indicator to determine the degree of independence of the elderly in performing daily activities.

In this quasi-experimental study, with a pre-test-post-test design, 30 elderly men referred to Arak nursing home with a mean age (68.03 ± 6.05 years), weight (62.20 ± 9.50 kg) height (163.77 ± 6.93 cm) was available as a sample and randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 15 people. The training group practiced in Frankel training program for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week for 30 minutes. Pre-test was performed before training and post-test after 8 weeks of training and the results of both groups were compared. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to ensure the normality of the data and paired t-test and independent t-test were used to analyze the findings within the group and between groups, respectively. Significance level was considered less than 0.05

The results of the present study showed that 8 weeks of Frankel training had a significant effect on coordination, static, dynamic balance and functional dynamic balance in the post-test compared to the pre-test of the experimental group (P = 0.001). Frankel exercises had a significant effect on coordination (p = 0.042), static balance (P = 0.02), dynamic balance (P = 0.04) and dynamic functional balance (p = 0.001) in the post-test of the experimental group compared to the control group.

It seems that doing Frankel exercises can be suggested as a good training method to improve coordination, static and dynamic balance and improve dynamic functional balance in older men. Therefore, the results of this study introduce a new method for rehabilitation of the elderly.

Hypertension is a common disease and universal that can cause cardiovascular disease and kidney damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an eight-weeks massage on blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), heart rate and C-reactive protein in women with hypertension. 

Methods & Materials: 

In this quasi-experimental study, 44 volunteer women with Mean±SD age of 42.12±5.31years were selected from women referred to Arak Oil Company specialized polyclinic with hypertension. Four women excluded from the study for some reason, and the rest were divided into experimental and control groups. In massage group massage was done for three sessions per week, 45-60 minutes in each session, on the back and upper limbs for eight weeks. Data analysis was conducted using dependent and independent t-test by SPSS V. 25 statistical software at the significant level of (P≤0.05).

Ethical Considerations: 

This study (Code: 92-160-26) was approved in Research Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences.

 The results showed that eight weeks of massage reduced blood pressure (P=0.001), the heart rate (P=0.001), and C-reactive protein (P=0.001) in women with hypertension compared to the control group (P=0.62).

 The findings of this study showed that massage for eight weeks is an efficient and appropriate method to improve systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and C-reactive protein in patients with hypertension.

High blood pressure increases various cardiovascular events about 2 to 3 times in a person. The purpose of this study was to recognize the effect of Pilates and thermomechanical massage on vital sign, inflammatory markers and quality of life and mental health in women with hypertension.

: In this quasi-experimental study, 45 women with hypertension referred to internal clinics of Arak city were selected and randomly divided into three groups of Pilates, thermomechanical massage and control. Pilates and massage group performed 8 weeks (3 sessions per week and 40-45 minutes each session), but the control group did not exercise regularly during this period. Serum C-reactive protein levels, heart rate and blood pressure were measured, and quality of life and mental health questionnaires were completed. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and one-way ANOVA at a significant level of 0.05.

Results showed a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.02) and inflammatory factor (p = 0.02) in both groups. There was also a significant difference between the Pilates and the thermo-mechanical massage and control groups. But there were no significant effects on heart rate (p=0.34). There was a significant improvement in quality of life and mental health in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Eight weeks of Pilates had a greater effect on blood pressure and inflammatory markers, but the effect of improving quality of life and mental health with thermomechanical massage was greater than Pilates.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between postural abnormalities with the quality of life and self-efficacy of the blind and partially sighted people.

100 blind and partially sighted people (mean age 34 years old including 48 males and 52 females) under the supervision of the Association of the Blind and Partially Sighted of Arak city (Iran) were selected by available sampling method. The New York test, SF-36 questionnaire, and self-efficacy questionnaire of Scherer were used for assessement of postural abnormalities, the quality of life and self-efficacy, respectively. The   questionnaires were completed by interview.

Results showed the quality of life was favorable, but the self-efficacy was moderate in experimental sujjects. There was a reverse and significant correlation between postural abnormalities with life quality and self-efficacy in blind and partially sighted (p<0.05). Postural abnormalities inversely were a significant predictor for the life quality and self-efficacy in these subjects (p = 0.02).

Generally, results showed that the evaluation of postural abnormalities in partially sighted and blind people had a specific importance and people with more postural abnormalities had lower self-efficacy and life quality. Indetifcation and correction of these disorders have an improtnat role in improving the qlaity of life and self-efficacy of these individuals.

Low back pain is one of the most common health problems of the world. Very different causes can cause back pain. Approximately 85% of people who are examined for low back pain the cause is not specific. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the knee abnormalities on pain intensity and functional fitness in middle aged men with the chronic nonspecific low back pain.

The statistical community of this study includes 30 people of patient’s male with nonspecific chronic low back pain in the age range of 30-50 years with one of the abnormalities of genu varum or genu valgum.

The research findings were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods (dependent t and independent t tests). The research findings indicate that both the pain and disability of the experimental groups have significantly decreased after applying selected of corrective programs (Stretching muscles and short elements and strengthening weakened muscles). Sitting frog, walking with the inner edges of the legs, pressure to enter the wall with the outer edges of the legs to modify the genu varum. passing legs from one side to another in the form of scissors in liner mode, passing the medicine ball to the wall with the inside of the legs, walking with the outer edges of the legs to modify the genu valgum (p<0.05). While the two variables in the control group did not differ significantly (p>0.05).

According to the results and considering the conditions prevailing on the research samples, it can be concluded that knee abnormalities (genu varum and genu valgum) affected by pain intensity and functional fitness efficacy in nonspecific chronic low back pain patients and Corrective exercises of these abnormalities has had a significant effect on reduce pain and disability index.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ankle brace on the time to stabilization (TTS) and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) in healthy female college athlete with or without fatigue.

Nineteen female active college athletes volunteered to participate in this quasi-experimental study. VGRF and TTS were evaluated by foot pressure system during landing with and without brace before and after fatigue.

The results showed that the use of brace had no effect on TTS with and without fatigue (P <0.05). According to the results brace reduces first peak VGRF (P = 0.01), (P = 0.04) and the second peak VGRF (P = 0.004), (P = 0.032), before and after fatigue, respectively, compared to the control condition in the forefoot. Also, the use of brace increased the rate of first peak VGRF (P = 0.009), (P = 0.02), increase of second peak VGRF(P = 0.025), (P = 0.002), decrease in time to first peak VGRF(P = 0.007), (P = 0.018) and decrease in time to second peak VGRF(P = 0.026), (P = 0.01), respectively, before and after fatigue in the back foot.

According to the results of present study it is concluded that brace were not affected on the TTS, increase the peak VGRF and reduce the time to the VGRF on the back foot. So the use of ankle bracing with the aim of influencing these factors and reduce the risk of injuries associated with them is not recommended.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is caused by thedestruction of myelin in central nervous system which leads to functional disabilities. Balancing problems are the most common dysfunctions and dizziness is known as its first sign in these patients.This study aimed to assessthe effects of vestibular rehabilitation by Cawthorne & Cooksey exercises on balance and the following disabilities caused by dizziness in patients with MS.
This study was a semi-experimental research with pre-test and post-test. Subjects of this study were 30 women with Multiple sclerosis regardless of the type of MS and dizziness that were divided into control and experimental groups. Experimental group performed the exercise protocol for a 12 week period and 3 times per day for 5-15 minutes. Berg balance scale (BBS) was used to access the balance and (Dizziness Handicap Inventory) DHI questionnaire was used to accessing the dizziness before and after intervention.
The results showed that, after finishing exercise protocol, in experimental group there was a significant difference in patient with MS, whereas there was no significant difference between pre and post-test in control group.
Cawthorne & Cooksey exercises as a non-invasive method can be an effective therapy to improving the balance and disability caused by dizziness in patients with MS.

Obesity is an important factor of spine abnormalities. The Body fat distribution (type of obesity) is an important subject which has serious effects on the health of people. The purpose of the present study was to compare lumbar curvature and its abnormality (lordosis) in apple-shaped and pear-shaped obesity.
This was a case-control study. The subjects in this study consisted of 6th grade, primary school girls in Arak City, in Iran. 122 obese students were screened using non-randomized and purposeful sampling method based on their body mass index. Finally, 61 students participated in this study. Then, based on waist-to-hip ratio, the students were divided into apple-shaped and pear-shaped obesity groups. Assessment of lumbar curvature and diagnosing of lordosis were performed by Rasterstereography (spine evaluation device).
Findings: We found significant differences between two groups in relation to the degree of lumbar curvature and the incidence of lordosis, which the degree of lumbar curvature and incidence of lordosis in the subjects with apple-shaped obesity were more than the subjects with pear-shaped obesity.
Discussion & The differences of the degree of lumbar curvature and the incidence of lordosis in two obesity groups were possibly related to the type of obesity, namely, body fat distribution. It seems that the type of obesity affects the lumbar curvature and can lead to lordosis.

Individuals with visual impairments have poorer balance compared to their sighted peers. The present research was carried out with the purpose of investigating the effect of front crawl swimming on the static balance in boys with visual impairments.
The current research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design. Statistical population included 20 boys with visual impairments (aged 9 to 15 years) who were member of Society for the Blind in Arak city. The subjects were purposefully selected and randomly assigned to two equal groups. Flamingo Static Balance Test was used to evaluate static balance. The experimental group was asked to participate in front crawl swimming trainings for10-week (2 days/week). Both groups performed a pretest prior to the training period and performed a posttest 2 days after the end of the training period in the same environment. Shapiro-Wilk, independent t-, and paired t-tests were used for data analysis at the significance level of 0.95% and α≤0/05.
No significant difference was seen between experimental and control groups in the pretest of static balance (p>0.05). The paired t-test showed significant difference in the static balance in experimental group (p0.05). In the posttest, there was also a significant difference between the scores of the two groups (p The result of the present study indicated that front crawl swimming trainings improve the static balance in boys with visual impairment. Thus, it seems that use of these trainings in exercise and rehabilitation programs of these individuals can have many benefits for them.

Postural abnormalities could adversely effect on the body perception, particularly in young people. If they don’t detect and treat, may have effect on physiological function. The aim of this study was to determine the musculoskeletal disorders deformities among teacher students of Arak city and relation with mental health and quality of life.
This study is cross-sectional and correlational research. In this study, a sample of 120 students of randomly had been chosen. In order to collect data on musculoskeletal disorders, the grid and New York test and mirror box and flexible ruler and to collect information on the quality of life and mental health of valid questionnaires GHQ and the General Health Questionnaire Goldber were used.
The results of the analysis showed that about 91% students had musculoskeletal disorders and variety of postural abnormalities and mental health and quality of life of students, there is a significant negative relationship.
Musculoskeletal disorders not only effect on physical health and organs function, but they are effective on Psychological factors. So, it can be concluded that on time identification of a significant will have a great impact on community member’s physical and mental health.

Exercise-based rehabilitation is an important and effective part of comprehensive care of patients with heart diseases, which in addition to controlling the disease, declines its progression and improves its symptoms. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks cardiac rehabilitation program on cardiometabolic risk factors and serum levels of C-reactive protein in patients with coronary artery diseases.
This quasi-experimental was conducted in 2015. In all 30 patients with coronary artery diseases (15 patients in experimental group and 15 patients in control group) were entered into the study. The experimental group received 24 sessions of cardiac rehabilitation program according to their health condition. The control group only received the usual care. Serum C-reactive protein levels (immunoturbidimetric method), body mass index and metabolic parameters (enzymatic method) were assessed before and after the intervention.
Overall 80% of participants were men and their mean age was 56.4±6.1 years. After an 8-weeks cardiac rehabilitation program, body mass index (P= 0.02), systolic blood pressure (P= 0.01), total cholesterol (P= 0.04), triglycerides (P= 0.02) and LDL-cholesterol (P= 0.03) were significantly decreased in intervention group. Cardiorespiratory fitness (Vo2max) increased significantly in the exercise group after the 8-weeks rehabilitation program (P= 0.01). In contrast, C-reactive protein concentrations did not change significantly in response to cardiac rehabilitation program (P= 0.28).
The study findings demonstrated that the 8 weeks cardiac rehabilitation program could improve cardiometabolic risk factors in patients coronary artery diseases without change in concentrations of C-reactive protein.

Sirtuin-1 regulates important cellular processes, including apoptosis, cellular senescence, and metabolism. Therefore, sirtuin-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 8 weeks aerobic training on sirtuin-1 level and cardiometabolic parameters in women with type 2 diabetes.
In this semi-experimental study with pretest – posttest design, twenty diabetic women (aged 43.92±5.2 y) were randomly assigned to aerobic training or non-exercising control groups. Aerobic training program was performed 50-60 min/d, 3d/wk, for 2 months. Serum levels of sirtuin-1, body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed before and after the training period. Data were analyzed by paired T test.
Adiposity indices, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL- cholesterol,blood glucose and insulin resistance index were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared to the control (p These findings show that aerobic exercise is associated with an improvement in siruin-1 levels and metabolic indices in women with type 2 diabetes.

Age-related hyperkyphosis is excessive convexity of the thoracic spine. Patients have muscle weakness in the upper and lower peak of arc and they often have pain. By focusing on learning the correct posture, stretching the pectoral muscles, strengthening the erector spine muscles and deep core muscles, corrective exercises reduce the forces on the anterior vertebral body and the disc. So, this study examined the effectiveness of corrective exercises on kyphosis angle and pain in elderly women.
In this randomized controlled trial, 30 elderly women (60-75 years old) were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. The subjects in the exercise group participated in an 8 week (3 sessions a week) corrective exercise program. But the control group did not participate in any intervention. In each group pain and kyphosis angle were evaluated before and at the end of the trial, sequentially using VAS (Visual Analog Scale) and flexicurve ruler. In order to analyze the data, independent and paired sample t-tests and covariance analysis were used.
Twenty six subjects participated in the post test evaluations. Kyphosis angle was changed in the experimental group from 50.58± 9.46 to 48.84± 9.67 degrees (p=0.002) and significant improvements was observed in the pain (p=0.007). But there was no significant difference in the control group (p>0.05).
The results suggested that a corrective exercise program may be effective in improving kyphosis angle and the amount of pain in elderly women. According to the results, it seems that it may be appropriate for the elderly people with hyperkyphosis to use corrective exercises along with other training methods to reduce their back pain.

Flax seed has been shown to play a role in the prevention and treatment of dislipidemia and inflammation, which may enhance the benefits of training. This study was done to determine the effect of 10 weeks of aerobic training with flax seed supplementation on blood lipids profile and C-reactive protein in obese women.
In this clinical trail study, 45 obese middle-age women were randomly divided into 3 groups. Aerobic training program was performed 50-60 min/d, 3d/wk, for 10 weeks. Subjects in aerobic training with flax seed supplementation were received 6-9 garms, daily of flax seed. Body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed before and after the training period.
Flax seed supplementation significantly improved triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol TC/HDL, body weight, body mass index, waist circumference and fat mass (P Flax seed is safe and effective for improvement of cardiometabolic health in obse women and combination of flax seed can enhance beneficial effect of training over a ten-week period.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system in which the myelin of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) is damaged. The most common symptoms are double vision, tremor, muscle cramps, ataxia, and abnormal gait. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 8-weeks core stabilization and Yoga exercises on balance in MS patients.
The study samples were 36 women with MS (25 to 40 years) with the EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) level of disability of 3 to 6. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups. 12 patients in the group of core stabilization exercises (2 sessions per week, 40-30 minutes), 12 patients were in group Yoga (3 times a week, each session lasting 70-60 minutes practice Hatha Yoga), and the 12 patients in the control group. Patients exercised for eight weeks. Balance of patients before and after 8 weeks of training was analyzed. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 16, p≥0.05 was considered significant.
The balance between pre-test and post-test in Hatha Yoga exercise group (33.75 vs. 43.08) and core stabilization exercise group (37 vs. 47.08), significantly improved (p≤0.05). But there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p≥0.05).
Core stabilization exercises and Yoga can improve balance in patients with MS. On the other hand, no significant differences between two groups’ balance after exercise depicted the same effectiveness of both types of exercise to improve balance in MS patients.

Obesity is an important factor leading to spine abnormalities. Body fat distribution (type of obesity) is important in relation to its effect on the health of people. The purpose of the present study was to compare thoracic curvature and its abnormality (kyphosis) in apple-shaped and pear-shaped obesity. This was a case-control study. The subjects in this study consisted of the 6th grade, primary school girls in Arak City, in Iran. 122 obese students were screened using non-randomized and purposeful sampling method based on their body mass index. Finally, 61 students participated in this study. Then, based on waist-to-hip ratio, the students were divided into apple-shaped and pear-shaped obesity groups. We found significant differences between the two groups in relation to the degree of thoracic curvature and the incidence of kyphosis which were more pronounced and more prevalent in the subjects with apple-shaped obesity. The difference in the degree of thoracic curvature and the incidence of kyphosis in the two obesity groups were possibly related to the type of obesity, namely, body fat distribution. It seems that the type of obesity affects the thoracic curvature and can lead to kyphosis.

Women with hyperkyphosis have impaired balance and increased body sway, which can increase their risk of falls. Impaired balance and poor postural stability are the main risk factors for falling. This study aimed to study the effect of corrective exercises on balance in elderly women with hyperkyphosis.Methods and Materials: In this quasi experimental study, 30 adult women (age range, 60-75 years old) were selected using a purposive sampling and assigned randomly into the experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group took part in an 8-week (3 sessions a week) corrective exercise program. In this period, the control group did not receive any corrective exercise program. The flexicurve ruler and Berg balance scale were used in pre- and post-tests to measure kyphosis angle and balance, respectively. This study was conducted in Spring 2014 at Jahandideh Nursing Home in Arak city, Iran. The number of falls and fears of falling was also recorded. To analyze data, dependent t-test and covariate analysis at a significance level of P<0.05 were used. Twenty-six participants completed post-test measures. The Kyphosis angle changed from 50.58 to 48.84 degrees (P=0.002) and a significant improvement was observed in the Berg scale (P<0.0001). Moreover, fear of falling was decreased significantly. In the experimental group, the number of people at risk of falling was reduced from 7 to 2 cases. A corrective exercise program can be effective in reducing the angle of kyphosis and improving balance in elderly and thus it can decrease risk of falling.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease that causes pain, swelling, stiffness, and limited movement of joints. Dry joints, causing pain, reduced mobility, resulting in reduced quality of life for patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pilates exercises on pain and quality of life in men with rheumatoid arthritis is. 30 male patients with chronic arthritis (Group test: The mean age of the 2/89±52/27 years, average height of 7/15±175/8 cm, weight of 9/53±88/13 kg, control group: mean age 6/51±53/47, the average height of 4/65±173/6, the average weight of 5/14±82/93) Volunteered to participate and were randomly divided into two groups (n = 15) and control (n = 15) were divided. Experimental groups for eight weeks to do Pilates (three sessions per week, 60 minutes per session) began. The SF-36 questionnaire to assess quality of life and visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess pain. Pain and quality of life in patients before and after eight weeks of Pilates exercises were examined To analyze the data, after normalization using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, independent t-test and ANOVA were used for data duplication (p<0/05). In the experimental group, Average quality of life before and after the intervention Showed a significant change(0/000). It is also significant changes in the experimental group were pain(0/027). It seems Pilates improves muscular endurance by strengthening muscles and reducing pain and improving the quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis is effective.

Genu varum can cause loss of proprioception in the knee joint and increase the possibility of injury. The purpose of this study, the effect of strengthening exercises on proprioception athletes with knee joint position sense in Genuvarum. In this semi-experimental study, the patients referred to medical centers in Kermanshah, 20 male athletes with an age range between 20-30 years old with Genuvarum and knee pain and voluntarily participated in randomly divided into groups (experimental and control. Proprioception training in both lower limbs for the experimental group, 8 weeks (3 sessions per week, three times a day, 20 minutes each session) that in the medical center was performed. The pre-test and post-test to detected joint position, knee proprioception was measured at two angles of knee flexion and via digital pictures using Auto-CAD software. Data analysis software SPSS version 16 using paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance and a confidence level of 95% (P <0/05) was performed. In the experimental group, the absolute error of the proprioceptive 4/4 ± 1/14 at the beginning of the 1/9 ± 0/80 was reduced at the end of practice. In the control group, the absolute error of the proprioceptive did not change significantly (Sig = 0/218). Knee joint proprioception exercises can reduce the reconstruction error. These exercises improve proprioception in athletes with Genuvarum.