عباس صادقیان

One of the important issues that we face in the corona is the use of virtual education among students. Unfortunately, apart from its positive aspects, it has also led to some immoral issues and has caused disorders in people's lifestyles. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the status of academic ethics in virtual education in the period of Covid 19 in paramedical students.

In this stratified-random type Cross-sectional study, 200 undergraduate students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences participated in the study in 1400 through internet call and Pors Line. After explaining the objectives of the study and gaining informed consent from students, the Golparvar educational ethics questionnaire was provided to them. Data after collection were analyzed using SPSS software version 20. For data analysis, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent t-test, and one-way analysis of variance were used.

The frequency distribution of students based on academic ethics score showed that 86(43%) students have a good academic ethics score and only 2(1%) students have an undesirable ethics score. The correlation between age and academic ethics was not significant (p=0.269). In terms of academic ethics, female students had higher academic ethics than males, which was statistically significant (p=0.002). Also, between different semesters, the sixth semester had statistically lower academic ethics (p=0.014).

The status of academic ethics in virtual education during the Covid 19 is moderate for paramedical students but still needs further investigation. In this regard, it is suggested that professors focus on some ethical skills and teach them to students along with the courses.

The high prevalence of Covid 19 and rumors on social media about it have caused many psychological problems, including anxiety in communities. It has also shown that spirituality is inversely related to anxiety. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between spirituality and anxiety caused by Covid 19 in paramedical students.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 200 undergraduate students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences participated in the study in 1400 through online calling and Porsline and answered the spiritual health questionnaires of Palutzian-Elison and Spielberger. SPSS software version 20 and statistical Methods of Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman-Brown correlation coefficients were used to analyze the data.

The results of the study showed that anxiety has an inverse relationship (r=-0.340) with spirituality. The majority of students (93%) had low anxiety and none of them had severe anxiety. The spirituality of most students (80%) was at a desirable level. In addition, female students had more anxiety (p=0.022) and eighth-semester students had less anxiety (p=0.020). Also, eighth-semester students had higher spirituality than other semesters (p=0.002).

Most paramedical students had little anxiety and the spirituality of most students was at a desirable level. Anxiety had a significant and inverse relationship with spirituality, meaning that the higher the spirituality, the lower anxiety, and vice versa. Researchers suggest that by designing programs to increase studentschr('39') spirituality, they reduce their stress and anxiety in situations such as the Corona pandemic.

Following the spread of Covid-19, virtual education and fundamental changes in educational activities spread. In the meantime, creating educational justice is necessary. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the situation of fair opportunities in clinical education from the perspective of operating room students of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences during the prevalence of Covid-19.The current research was conducted as a cross-sectional, stratified-randomized study. After explaining the objectives of the study and obtaining informed consent, the questionnaires were given to the students. The instrument of this research was a fair educational opportunities questionnaire. Data were analyzed with SPSS and were reported as mean±sd and number(percentage). One-wayANOVA, independent t-test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used to examine the data. Fifty-seven students entered the study. Most students(84.2%) reported the status of educational justice as average, and the minority reported its status as favorable(7%). In this research, the minimum score was 43 and the maximum score was 117. There was a statistically significant difference between the score of educational justice and academic semester(p<0.039). So that the 1st semester reported the highest average and the 5th semester said the lowest average. Most students reported the state of educational justice as average and the minority as favorable. The students of the 1st semester showed the highest and the 5th semester the lowest educational justice. According to the results of the present study, detailed plans can be made at the management level of the university to implement educational justice in the university and clinical environment.

The use of fiber-reinforced concrete in various industries is developing due to the desired mechanical properties, light weight of the structure, good energy absorption capacity and high initial strength under impact loads. a new generation of fiber-reinforced concrete with excellent ductility and exceptional crack control capability. Although fibre concrete is suitable for structures exposed to impacts and other extreme loads, In this study, the energy absorption and initial strength of reinforced concrete with Forta, basalt and barchip fibers under penetration impact loading were investigated. To investigate the effect of fiber percentage on impact properties, 8 specimens were subjected to experimental tests hybrid groups. Also, the fracture surface and the adhesion of fibers to fiber-reinforced concrete with degradation modes were evaluated. The results showed that the initial strength and energy absorption in hybrid-fiber reinforced concrete increased by 292.8% and 212.3%, respectively, compared to Net conceret. Also, by examining the fracture surface of the specimens, it was found that the adhesion between the two basalt and forta fibers to the base concrete is very desirable. However, the separation between barchip fibers and concrete is high and reduces the efficiency of these fibers in reinforcing concrete.

Cesarean is one of the most common surgeries in the world. This surgical procedure has complications such as anxiety and intraoperative hemorrhage. Various methods have been suggested to reduce anxiety and intraoperative hemorrhage. One of these methods is music therapy. This study was performed with aims to evaluate the effects of music therapy on intraoperative hemorrhage in patients undergoing cesarean with spinal anesthesia.

This randomized clinical trial research with control group was conducted on 90 patients undergoing cesarean in 2019. The research subjects were divided into the intervention and control groups. Iguana music was played for patients in the intervention group for 15 minutes before and during surgery; then, hemorrhage and hemodynamic parameters were evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16), and Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Paired t-test, Independent t-test and Chi-square test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Based on the results, in the intervention group, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, also heart rate significantly decreased compare to before the intervention (p<0.05). The results also indicated that intraoperative hemorrhage in the intervention group was significantly less than that in the control group (p<0.05).

Music has positive effect on the reduction of intraoperative hemorrhage, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate in patients undergoing cesarean. Therefore, music can be suggested as a complementary treatment for the reduction of hemorrhage in cesarean patients to alleviate anxiety.

The growth of divorce in recent years has increased the number of children of divorce and the problems and issues arising from divorce in this sensitive period of development can be strongly influenced by psychological and accountability capital. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of group reality therapy on the psychological capital and responsibility among adolescents who were under maternal custody.

This study was of semi-experimental design with a pre-test/post-test design and a control group. The statistical population of this study included all adolescents who were under maternal custody and were studying in high schools of the city of Sari in the academic year of 2017-2018. A sample of 60 students were selected through multistage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups, each group including 30 participants. The experimental group participated in eight sessions of group reality therapy, while the control group did not receive any training. In order to measure the dependent variables, Luthanese psychological capital questionnaire and Nemati’s Responsibility questionnaire were used. Multivariate analysis of covariance analysis was used to analyze the data in SPSS software version 22.

The mean (SD) age of the participants in the experimental group was 16.8 (5.6) and the control group 17.2 (6.1). The mean (SD) of psychological capital score in the experimental groups was 24.6 (4.3), which increased to 29.9 (3.2) in the post-test (P<0.01); however, the mean (SD) of psychological capital score in the control group was 25 (3.7) in the pre-test and varied to 24.2 (2.8) in the post-test, which was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The mean (SD) responsibility score of the experimental group was 83.4 (19.9), which increased to 98.9 (21.2) in the post-test (P<0.01); however, the mean (SD) responsibility score of the control group was 84.5 (20) in the pre-test and varied to 84.8 (19.3) in the post-test, which was not statistically significant. The optimism component of the variable of the psychological capital, and the component of the law of the variable of responsibility had the greatest impact from the reality of therapy.

The findings of this study showed that the training of group reality therapy leads to improvement of psychological capital and accountability among children of divorce.

The medical science profession is not only limited to acquiring the required knowledge and skills but it also requires specific human attributes that are necessary to pursue this profession. Nurses have a responsibility to make and act on their professional values based on their profession. The purpose of the present study was to standardize the Nursing Professional Values Questionnaire.

In this correlational survey study, 220 students of semester six to eight of Mashhad Nursing and Midwifery Faculty in 2015 were enrolled in the study through the census method. The construct validity of this assay was determined by factor analysis. Factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the factors of the nursing professional values questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis, principal components, Scree test, and varimax orthogonal rotation method were used.

Confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis were used in factor analysis of the nursing professional values questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis, principal components, Scree test, and varimax orthogonal rotation method were used. Finally, according to the significant results of the Kaiser- Meyer- Alkin test and Bartlett's sphericity Olkin; three factors were obtained. These three subscales include the subscales of care, professionalism, and pragmatism.

According to the results of this study, the modified version of the Professional Values Questionnaire is a necessary form to measure the professional values of students. This questionnaire is somewhat different from the one developed by Weis and Schank and has fewer questions that prevent the tester from being tired. Therefore, this questionnaire is suitable for assessing nurses' professional values.

The population of children of divorce is increasing nowadays as divorce rates increase and the problems and issues arising from divorce at this evolutionary stage can greatly affect their self-esteem and their psychological capital. The purpose of this study was to investigate acceptance and commitment training on self-worth and psychological capital among children of divorce who who were under maternal custody. This research was of semi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. The statistical population of this study included all adolescents who were under maternal custody and were studying in high schools of the city of Sari in the academic year of 2017-2018. A sample of 60 students were selected through multistage cluster sampling and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups, each group including 30 participants. The experimental group participated in eight sessions of acceptance and commitment training sessions, while the control group did not receive any training. In order to measure the dependent variables, Luthanese psychological capital questionnaire and Nemati’s Responsibility questionnaire were used. Multivariate analysis of covariance analysis was used to analyze the data in SPSS software version 22. The mean (SD) age of the participants in the experimental group was 16.2 (5.3) and the control group 16.7 (6.3). The mean (SD) cognitive capital of the experimental group was 85.4 (13.8) in the pretest, which increased to 99.3 (16.7) post-test (P<0.01); however, the mean (SD) cognitive capital of the control group was 85.6 (12.9) in the pretest, and 86.4 (14.2) in post-test, which was not statistically significant. The mean (SD) self-worth score of the experimental group was 12.49 (17.6) in the pretest, which increased to 167.2 (22.1) post-test (P <0.01); however, the mean (SD) self-worth score in the control group was 123.8 (16.4) in the pretest, 125 (17.9) in the post-test, which was not statistically significant. The findings of this study showed acceptance and commitment training can be an appropriate interventional method for improving self-worth and psychological capital among children of divorce

Today, banks try to reduce their risk in banking affairs by imposing conditions of negation of responsibility in two contractual and operational (non-contractual) formats. Among the various banking contracts, partnership contracts and especially mudarabah and civil partnership contracts, which unlike exchange contracts, the discussion of the responsibility of the facilitating bank is very important, include specific conditions resulting in non-responsibility. Partnership is one of the methods of financing economic activities approved by Islamic banking, based on its jurisprudence, it is formed from the mixing of partners' capital, and all partners have the right to intervene and monitor the economic activity and its management; Among the most basic concepts of the partnership contract is the distribution of profits and losses at the end of the economic activity or contract, in proportion to the capital of each partner. The obtained results show that in the field of profit and loss sharing, the necessity of the contract as well as its permission for the bank and the customer's requirement to buy the share of the bank's share are included in the contract. The type of research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the library method.

With the Passage of Time and the Expansion of Civil and Criminal Laws and the Procedure Becoming More Complicated, The Need For a Lawyer has Increased, and the Right to Have the Services of the Lawyers of the Judiciary has Allocated More Stringent Legal Protections in the World to Itself. The Topic of Crimes and Violations of the Lawyers of the Judiciary and Issues Related to it on the one Hand, Will Maintain the Rights of the Honorable Job of Advocacy and on the Other Hand, Will Acquaint the Clients With the Contractual Rights Arising From the Advocacy Contract. And Their Citizenship Rights are Also Observed. The Proposed Question is What Crimes Can be Realized by a Lawyer of the Judiciary in the Direction of Advocacy Affair Regarding a Client? And are There Rules and Regulations That Can Guarantee the Implementation of all Violations by the Lawyers of the Judiciary? In Examining the Specific Crimes of the Lawyers of the Judiciary, the Most Important of Which Can be Mentioned as the Disclosure of Professional Secrets, Tax Issues Fraud, Claiming Influence and Pretending to Advocacy; Lawyerschr('39') Violations Regarding Clients, the Judiciary and the Bar Association are Most Evident. The Necessity to Perform This Article is to Realize Violations Without a Guarantee of Enforcement, Which Deserves Special Attention of the Responsible Authorities. Although the Research Findings are the Identification of Specific Crimes and Violations of Advocacy Regarding the Client, But the Main Challenge in This Article is the Lack of Adequate Rules and Regulations to be Able to Ensure the Implementation Guarantee of All Legal Violations of Lawyers, the Absence of Which Will Undoubtedly Lead to the Impudence of Violating Lawyers and the Violation of the Rights of the Litigants as Clients, Which Would Undermine the Dignity and High Value of Advocacy. The Twenty-Four Efforts of the Lawyers of the Judiciary are in Order to Honor the Position of Advocacy and the Citizenschr('39') Legal Assistance, Lest no Dust Settles on Justice, That This Issue Can be Realized With the More Than Ever Supervision of the Bar Association of the Judiciary by Considering Citizenschr('39') Rights.