علی حسنی

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of circuit resistance training and synbiotic on arterial stiffness and lipid profiles in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.

In this semi-experimental study, 43 women with type 2 diabetes participated voluntarily and were randomly divided into three groups of resistance training and placebo (15 people), resistance training and synbiotic supplement (15 people) and synbiotic supplement biotic (13 people). The resistance training program consisted of 10 min of warm-up, resistance training with an intensity of 40–65% 1RM and 10 min of cooling down, which the resistance and placebo and resistance and synbiotic groups were set for 12 w with three sessions per week. Participants in the supplement group had 1 h after a meal (lunch) and a daily dose of one capsule with 1 × 109 CFU. The T-test and repeated analysis of variance test were used to assess inter-group and intra-group differences, respectively.

Results showed that the ABI increased significantly in the groups of resistance training and placebo and resistance training and synbiotic supplement. CAVI, serum low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, body mass index and body fat percentage in groups of resistance training and placebo and resistance training and synbiotic supplement and fasting glucose level, insulin resistance index and blood cholesterol significantly decreased in the group of resistance training and synbiotic supplement. In addition, serum high-density lipoproteins increased in all the three groups.

It seems that the simultaneous use of synbiotics and resistance training includes protective effects on complications in women with type 2 diabetes.

Isolated sternum fracture is known as a dangerous fracture. Conservative treatment measures and increased length of hospitalization lead to a large financial burden. The available knowledge is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of heart damage following isolated sternum fractures in trauma patients referred to Pursina Hospital in Rasht.

This was a descriptive retrospective study. The information of patients with isolated sternum fracture was extracted from the hospital information system (HIS) between 2016 and 2018.

31 patients were eligible for entry, whose mean and standard deviation of age was 49.19 ± 14 years. The largest number of patients is 32.3% in the age group of 40 to 49 years and 74.2% of them were men, 74% of them had trauma mechanisms caused by accidents, 67.8% of them did not have comorbidities, and 100% of patients did not have history of trauma or heart surgery. The mean and standard deviation of hospitalization days were 1.87±1.58. One hundred percent of patients with isolated sternum fracture were without any complications. They only received painkillers and they did not receive any other therapeutic intervention. The majority of cases, 90.3% of patients, were without cardiac complications. All patients were discharged with recovery and mortality rate was zero.

It seems that an isolated sternum fracture without accompanying other adjacent fractures in the chest does not lead to heart damage, mortality and related complications. Worrying about this only leads to an probable long- term hospitalization period. In addition,  an increase in the financial burden and services are provided to both patients and the healthcare system.

A radial line slot array antenna (RLSA) is a type of high-efficiency plate array antenna that is used to produce circular polarization. The design and fabrication process includes slot design, feed structure, slow wave structure, high power considerations, and implementation. In these antennas, a radial slow wave structure is used to eliminate the annoying lobes caused by the array structure. On the slow wave structure, there is a plane of slots that are fed by this structure. Both slots perpendicular to each other (to create circular polarization) form a radiation unit. The radiation units are distributed on a spiral path at certain distances from each other. The purpose of writing this article is to check the tolerable power of the antenna. The purpose of writing this article is to check the tolerable power of the antenna. For this reason, a radial line slot array antenna has been designed, simulated and fabricate for use at a central frequency of 9.4 GHz and a radius of 270 mm. To check the power tolerance, thermal and electrical analysis, corona breakdown analysis and multipactor breakdown analysis were performed. Finally, after summarizing the results, the tolerable power of the antenna subject of the article is determined to be 200 MW.

Correct exploitation of groundwater water resources in any area requires knowledge of geological and hydrological features and structures of that area. Tectonic structures, especially faults, have a major impact on the abundance and quality of groundwater resources. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of Khoshkarud fault on the hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer of Zarandieh Saveh plain. This aquifer is located in the north of Markazi Province. In this research, the changes in the hydrogeological parameters of the aquifer on the sides of the fault line were investigated using the data of the 21-year statistical period (1990 to 2011) and using ArcGIS 9.3 software.The results showed that the highest thickness of alluvium and the maximum transverse electrical resistance equal to 6000 ohm-m2, in the center of the northern block, and lowest thickness of alluvium and the lowest value of transverse electrical resistance It is equal to 500 ohm-m2, located on the southern block, which indicates the direct effect of the fault on the aquifer geometry. In the western region of the Khoshkarud fault and from the beginning of the fault's entrance to the aquifer to the vicinity of Shokhroud city, 23 km long, due to the absence of transverse flow from the fault and the flow direction being parallel to the fault line, the dissimilarity of the water level drop trend in the piezometers opposite and on the sides of the fault in the 48-month time series (2008 to 2011) and the dissimilarity of the distribution map of the concentration of hydrochemical parameters sampled in September 2011 on the sides of the fault, shows that in the western part of the aquifer, the fault acts as a hydraulic barrier, While in other parts of the fault extension, there is a connection.

In this article the theoretical principles and design and simulation of high power phase shifter based on 90 degree hybrid coupler are given. One of the special features of this type of shifter is high power handling, linearity of phase changes with respect to frequency, provision of a full range of 360 degrees of phase change,, tow structure width, return loss greater than 25 dB and phase deviation less than 0.5 degrees in the bandwidth 400 MHz in 10.2GHz centeral frequency, which can be used in applications of high power antenna arrays with beam scanning capability. The basis for changing the phase of the designed phase shifter is based on changing the length of the electrical path of the signal, through the movement of pistons embedded inside the structure.Two types of 90 degree hybrid coupler structures, E and H plane, have been investigated and the results of the two structures have been compared. It is shown that the H plane coupler has a better efficiency than the E type coupler

The decline of traditional economic activities in rural areas, particularly natural resources-based economies such as agriculture, has posed significant economic recession challenges in these regions. In this context, promoting entrepreneurship with a tourism-oriented approach can play a pivotal role in improving the income and economic conditions of rural residents. As an influential group in rural communities, women play a vital role in these developments. This research aimed to identify factors influencing the development of women’s entrepreneurship in the sustainable economy of rural tourism in Kendovan village. The research was conducted as a descriptive study. The research design was based on the mixed-methods research approach, and the sample included 16 female entrepreneurs in Kendovan village selected non-randomly. Data and scenarios were analyzed using the fuzzy cognitive mapping technique, and the research model was designed by social network analysis. Factors underpinning the development of women’s entrepreneurship in a sustainable tourism economy included intention and motivation for tourism entrepreneurship, financial support for rural tourism entrepreneurship, and an increase in opportunities for tourism entrepreneurship, which had higher centrality. Based on the results, recommendations have been proposed for developing rural women’s entrepreneurship in the sustainable tourism economy of Kendovan village. These recommendations involve initiatives to encourage intention and motivation for entrepreneurship, financial support for rural tourism activities, and the creation of more opportunities in the field of tourism entrepreneurship for women.

In this paper, the quasi-static compressive strength of two different sandwich structure designs in which cores consist of trapezoidal corrugated panels is investigated. In one design, the core consists of a cross-corrugated multilayer structure, while in the other design the core is consists of two interlocking bidirectional cross-corrugated panels. For each design, three different trapezoidal wave profiles are studied and one of them is constructed and tested. The results of specimens' crushing tests under quasi-static compressive loads are compared with the numerical modeling results. Afterward, the mechanical behavior of the other four designs is evaluated numerically. The results showed that the ultimate strength of the sandwich structures with an interlocked corrugated core is higher than the ultimate strength of the other design. It was also found that, in a given design, the ultimate strength depends on the corrugation profile geometry. These results can be used in the design of high-strength light-weight structures. Measures that can be taken to improve the ultimate strength of sandwich panels include the use of polyurethane foam, which is light in weight but has high strength, or the geometry of the structure be changed.

.Today, with the advancement of digital and internet, verbal marketing has found a new platform for activity. In fact, marketing in social networks has changed verbal marketing. One of the most important results of social networks is the formation of electronic verbal marketing among the members of these networks, which is considered as one of the most important applications of these networks. The phenomenon of tourism has always been important and based on the predictions made, it will become the most profitable industry in the world, and in the meantime, the field of health tourism is of great importance. Hence, the aim of this research is to investigate the role of effective factors on electronic word of mouth marketing in the growth of health tourism economy (case study: Shiraz city). Descriptive research is a survey. The statistical sample of the research included 56 health tourists from Shiraz, who were selected and interviewed non-randomly. Data and scenarios were analyzed using fuzzy cognitive mapping technique and the research model was designed using social network analysis. In this regard, several factors are involved, among which the verbal advertising factors of users, improving the experience of tourists and increasing interaction with tourists were the most important respectively; Because they were more central. Finally, based on the obtained results, suggestions were made regarding the development of electronic word of mouth marketing in the growth of health tourism economy (case study: Shiraz city).

One of the types of supply chain is health tourism, which provides a good opportunity for developing countries to attract health tourists from different countries of the world by providing high-quality and cheap services, but so far not much research has been done in this field. For this purpose, the purpose of this research was to identify and rank the factors affecting the success of the health tourism supply chain in Shiraz city. The research method is a descriptive survey. 56 health tourists who had traveled to Shiraz were selected and interviewed non-randomly. Data and scenarios were analyzed using the fuzzy cognitive mapping technique and the research model was designed using social network analysis, for which FCMapper and Ucinet software were used. In line with the success of the supply chain of health tourism in Shiraz city, several factors are involved, among the factors of appropriate strategic planning, flexibility in providing services and government policy for the development of health tourism were the most important respectively; Because they were more central. The results of the research indicate that by formulating a long-term strategic plan to specialize hospitals and equip hospitals and medical centers and improve tourism and medical infrastructure, create conditions to provide diverse services to tourists with different financial and social conditions and situations can increase the number of tourists.

Twist-Reflector antennas are among widely-used structures in the construction of reflective antennas and dual antennas. These antennas are often used to rotate the polarization of the radiative electromagnetic wave. Despite wide usage of these antennas, their malfunctions such as linear state outage of reflective wave and increase in cross-polarization have not been discussed much. The performance of this type of antenna is desirable in vertical radiation angles, but by rotating the antenna and giving it some angle with vertical line, the antenna does not perform well. In this paper, effective factors in malfunctions of this type of antenna are discussed and mathematical formulas for measuring undesirable polarization and phase difference occurred in different angles of rotation of the antenna are obtained. Validation of the method is evaluated by simulations in CST software environment at 3 GHz frequency.

This research investigates the creep phenomenon of a polymeric rotating disk using the generalized Maxwell’s visco-hyperelastic model. After extracting the Lagrangian partial differential equation of equilibrium governing the problem, the rotating disk was analyzed by scripting in FlexPDE. The disk modelling in ANSYS with coding in the APDL environment showed that the radial displacement and Von-Mises stress are in excellent agreement with the FlexPDE results. The advantages of FlexPDE over ANSYS include one-dimensional analysis of axisymmetric plane stress instead of two-dimensional analysis, reduction of computational cost, possibility of defining variable thickness (without additional coding) and need for fewer elements in the radial direction to achieve acceptable accuracy (necessity of using 20 elements in FlexPDE compared to 100 elements in ANSYS). It was shown that with the passage of time and the increase in angular velocity, the radial displacement and Von- Mises stress of the rotating disk due to the creep phenomenon increase. It was shown that by increasing the angular velocity and decreasing the power in the thickness profile n_h, the displacement and Von-Mises stress at a specific time increase, but the change in angular velocity (as the applied load) and the change in parameter n_h (as a geometric characteristic) do not have much effect on the relaxation time of the rotating disk.

Radial linear slotted array antennas are slotted wave-guide antennas. These antennas are highly efficient and are used to produce circular polarization. In this paper, a slow wave structure is used to increase the tolerable power of the antenna. The use of this structure creates a two-level radial linear slot array antenna. On the slow wave structure, there is a slot plate that is fed by this structure. Both slots perpendicular to each other (to create circular polarization) form a unit of radiation. Radiation units are distributed on a spiral path at regular intervals. This antenna is designed, simulated, and built to operate at a frequency of 9.45 GHz and a radius of 270 mm. According to the simulation results, the reflection coefficient is -18.93 dB, the radiation efficiency is more than 93% and the aperture efficiency is 28.5%. The evaluation of the value of the reflection coefficient for a sample made in the range of 9.385 GHz to 9.417 GHz is less than -10 dB.

n general, the maximum practical transferable power is different from the theoretical power, and in most cases much less. This is due to the role of factors related to the geometric shape of the structure, the characteristics of the emitted wave and the propagation environment of the waves. This article deals with practical considerations in transmitting maximum power in waveguides. In this paper, the theoretical principles of electrical breakdown in gases and consequently the maximum power hanling in waveguides as well as the factors that affect the power handling in waveguides are stated. Finally, a rectangular waveguide in the X band with the given wave characteristics and environmental conditions is investigated.

There are many differences between jurists and legal scholars regarding the rulings of our general sale in the form of a contract, so the main purpose of this article is to express the views of jurists regarding the general sale of our form of a contract and to reconcile with the opinion of the jurists.                                

This is a descriptive-analytical article and the subject has been examined using the library method. 

Ethical considerations:

 In this article, the originality of the texts, honesty and trustworthiness are respecte.                        

Many jurists have rejected the ownership of the general sale and, following some laws of other countries, point to the contractual nature of the general sale contract and excluded it from the scope of the ownership contract. Therefore, they believe that the time of transfer of ownership is generally the time of assigning or handing over goods. 

Meanwhile, the Imami jurists have proved the ownership of the general sale according to the evidence, and regarding the time of transfer of ownership in the general sale, they believe that the time of the conclusion of the sale. The civil law has also used the opinions of jurists in some legal articles and has considered the time of transfer of ownership in the general sale as the time of the contract and indicates that it is possessive.

Tourism is an interdisciplinary activity and industry relying on Iran's rich culture and potential ancient, historical, natural, and cultural capabilities. It can bring significant economic benefits to the country and is one of the essential components of economic development. This research aims to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of cultural tourism; also provide solutions for the development of cultural tourism during Iran's economic recession. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The applied research model combines the SWOT strategic analysis and QSPM quantitative strategic planning model. At first, the required information was collected by questionary from the experts. In the analysis process, internal factors evaluation matrices show the unfavorable situation of internal factors, and external factors evaluation matrices show the development of cultural tourism in Iran's economic recession; also, it has been able to take advantage of opportunities and avoid threats. Using the internal-external factors matrix, the best strategies of the SO group were identified. Finally, a quantitative strategic planning matrix was used, which prioritized the strategy of the SO group in the following order: involving local people in tourism programs, benefiting from tourism advantages and support development programs, increasing employment creation and economic exchanges to increase the quality level and the well-being of people's lives, benefiting from cultural diversity and the cheap travel to Iran as a competitive advantage to attract more tourists and benefit from significant investments in the field of employment for young people.

Radial Line Slot Array Antenna (RLSA) is a high-efficiency plane array antenna used to generate circular polarization. Its reflection coefficient and bandwidth have a great impact on antenna performance. Two very important factors in determining the amount and bandwidth of the reflection coefficient are the converter of the coaxial cable to a radial waveguide and the180 degrees of electric bend. In this paper, first, a mathematical analysis of these two sections is performed. An optimal structure is then designed and simulated for these two sections. The proposed structure was used to design an radial line slot array antenna at 10.2 GHz frequency. The simulation results showed that the minimum reflection coefficient is -19.367 dB and its bandwidth is more than 1 GHz . Finally, a prototype of the simulated antenna was constructed using the proposed structure. Antenna power analysis showed that the minimum tolerable power of the antenna is more than 120 Mw and the antenna test results for the reflection coefficient also confirmed the simulation results.

The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of emotional intelligence on customer-based brand equity in five-star hotels in Tehran. In the present study, a mixed research method (qualitative and quantitative) has been used. The qualitative part of the research has been done using the Delphi method to find the current status of customer-based brand equity in five-star hotels in Tehran, and the quantitative part has been modified using standard questionnaires that have been localized for this research. Emotional intelligence and customer value-based brand equity, were performed. The present study is applied in terms of purpose, because in addition to the awareness aspect, it can have practical applications for hotels and tourism enterprises, and in terms of data collection method, descriptive-survey research is of explanatory type. In the present study, the researcher has used inferential statistics and structural equation modeling to investigate the effect of variables and the relationships between them. The results showed that the current situation of customer-based brand equity with an average difference of 0.586 in the group of experts and specialists in the field of tourism, 0.465 in the group of hotel staff and managers, 0.518 in the group of domestic tourists and 0.508 in the group of tourists. Foreigners are desirable in five-star hotels in Tehran. Emotional intelligence also has a significant effect on customer-based brand equity in five-star hotels in Tehran.

There has been a lot of discussion about the transfer of sale ownership in jurisprudence and law, but there has been little discussion about the acquisition or transfer of ownership of the sale in general. Therefore, the question arises whether general ownership is possible and what are the views of jurists and jurists on how to determine the general seller and exclude the seller from the general description? Therefore, by descriptive and analytical method, it has been concluded that the civil law, following the opinion of jurists, has considered the contract of sale as ownership and the time of transfer of ownership has been announced as the time of the contract, but jurists did not accept the ownership of the contract of sale because Extinct and non-tax on general sale are included as a liability. Therefore, they have ruled that the general sale is a covenant. While the jurists in the definition of sale, have explicitly referred to its ownership and have spread this ruling in all types of sale, especially the general sale on liability and believe that the sale can be concluded in general on liability and the time of transfer Ownership is the time of the contract and the seller is out of the general description when the seller fulfills the obligation and surrender of one of the general instances which is a part of ؛; And if the seller is unable to deliver one of the general instances to the seller, the contract

due to need for development of tourism industry in Iran, concerning the richness of this country and low income in this industry, it is vital to provide welfare for visitors and minimize their risks by insurance which provides psychological security to develop insurance and tourism industry.

From purpose point of view, this study is an applied research and from data collection perspective it is descriptive. The statistical population includes experts of insurance and tourism industry in Tehran. Census method and questionnaire tool were used for data collection. Three questionnaires and smartPLS software were applied.

According to the results of the research hypotheses tests, among three main components of risk management, effectiveness of risk assessment and use of appropriate approach toward risk on development of insurance and tourism industry were statistically significant. However, the impact of risk reporting on insurance and tourism industry development is not significant.

Creating an interconnected chain of risk management consultants and technical unit consultants in insurance companies is a necessity for development of this industry. Instead of strictly adopting a clear framework and risk management strategy, it is also necessary to modify it to fit the needs of the organization and to provide only processes, guidelines, procedures, key risk indicators, and reporting mechanisms for managing the units of the insurance company.

Radial line slot array (RLSA) antennas are a type of high-efficiency plane array antenna used to generate circular polarization. In these antennas, the second-floor wave-guide is filled with a dielectric material to eliminate the grating lobes caused by the array of structures. All input power to the antenna must pass through a confined space that includes dielectric, air, and metal. This space has corners where the intensity of the electric field will be very high and, therefore, at high powers, will reduce the power transmission capacity of the antenna. For this reason, instead of using a dielectric in the space between two wave-guides, a slow radial wave structure is used. In this paper, first, a mathematical analysis of slow-wave structure is performed based on the Fluke theory. Next, a slow-wave structure is designed, simulated, and optimized for use in a 10.2 GHz Radial line slot array antenna.The simulation results showed that the minimum reflection coefficient is -20 dB, and its bandwidth is 251 MHz. Finally, a prototype of the simulated antenna was constructed using the proposed structure. Antenna power analysis showed that the minimum tolerable antenna power is 625 MW.

One of the activities developed after the second half of the twentieth century, following factors such as globalization, the development of capitalism, the growth of means of transportation, and the development of technological communications, is tourism. In fact, the development of the tourism industry has significant benefits compared to the development of other types of industries. As a result, most regions around the world are competing with each other to enjoy its benefits, especially the high share of revenue as well as the increase in employment resulting from the development of this service industry. Therefore, planners and managers of various destinations have taken steps to meet this demand and also to continue to be competitive in order to benefit from all available and accessible tourism resources. In the meantime, one of the keys and influential factors in utilizing tourism capacities and organizing destinations, especially urban destinations, is urban management. The development of urban tourism with the promotion of quantitative and qualitative dimensions and with maximum efficiency is closely related to the good urban management in using effective methods of organizing and managing this industry in cities. Thus, the present study seeks to identify and investigate the effective components of urban management and its role in the tourism development of Tabriz metropolis and answer the following question:-What is the role of urban management components on tourism development?

The present research is practical and, in terms of content and method, is in the category of descriptive-analytical research. The required information was collected through library and field methods. In this way, theoretical concepts were first explained in order to clarify the issue. Then, for a more coherent and efficient discussion of the region, the components of urban management (four components) and tourism development (three components) were collected in accordance with the literature and theoretical foundations and experts. The statistical population of the present study includes experts and specialists in the field of tourism, geography, and urban management, and the volume of the statistical sample in this research was calculated through Sample Power software equal to 100 people. The sampling method is also simple random. SPSS and Smart PLS software programs have been exerted in order to study descriptive statistics and analyze the collected data to discover the effect of each factor on the dependent variable of tourism development, respectively.

According to the results, it was clarified that among the components of urban management, integration between urban institutions with a coefficient of 0.698, urban infrastructure with a coefficient of 0.529, urban services and facilities with a coefficient of 0.296, and financial and human resources with a coefficient of 0.106 have the most significant impact on tourism development, respectively. Also, based on the results, the most manifestation of the components of urban management in tourism development can be seen in the dimensions of socio-cultural with a coefficient of 0.867, economic with a coefficient of 0.700, environmental with a coefficient of 0.594.

In the present study, its main purpose was to identify the components of urban management and explain the role of each component on tourism development. After reviewing the existing theoretical foundations, four dimensions of urban infrastructure, tourism services and facilities, integration of urban institutions, and financial and human resources for urban management were extracted. Also, three socio-cultural, economic, and environmental dimensions were considered for tourism development. Then, in order to explain and investigate the impact of each component of urban management on tourism development, Smart-PLS software was employed.According to the results, it was found that the components of urban management have a positive and significant effect on the development of tourism in Tabriz so that the integration of urban institutions (0.698), urban infrastructure (0.529), urban services and facilities (0.296) and financial and human resources (0.106) have the greatest impact on tourism development, respectively. Are. These results indicate the importance of integration between urban institutions among the components of urban management to achieve more significant tourism development among experts and specialists in the field of tourism and geography and urban management. Moreover, the most manifestation of the use of urban management components in tourism development in accordance with the results can be seen in the socio-cultural dimension, which includes items such as a sense of belonging to the host community, increased satisfaction and security, increased cultural and social activities, ease of access, diversity of uses. Finally, it is suggested that based on integrated urban management and attracting local and national investments, in addition to training specialized human resources, Tabriz metropolis can take more steps towards tourism prosperity and, consequently, urban sustainability.

Stevia and vanadium have been shown to affect blood sugar regulation. Accordingly, the simultaneous study of endurance activity and consumption of vanadium and stevia extract on the liver tissue of diabetic rats was considered.

The 35 male rats (180±10 g) (6-8 weeks) were randomly divided into 7 groups: control, diabetic, diabetic+exercise, diabetic+vanadium, diabetic+exercise+vanadium, diabetic+stevia and diabetic+ exercise+stevia. To induce type1 diabetes, streptozotocin (55mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, and vanadium extract (1mg/ml) was dissolved in water daily. The training program consisted of eight weeks of running, five days a week, starting at 15 minutes at 20 meters/minute and ending at 35 minutes at 30 meters/minute in the final week. Histopathological changes in liver tissue were examined using a light microscope. In order to normalize the parametric data, Shapiro-Wilk test and for their analysis, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test, and for non-parametric data, Kruskal-Wallis test (p≤0.05) was used.

Body weight values in all six experimental groups compared to the healthy control group (p=0.001), in the vanadium group compared to the vanadium+exercise (p=0.01), and in stevia+exercise group compared to stevia (p=0.04), decreased significantly. Cell, central and lobular vein destruction, and sinusoidal space were ameliorated by exercise intervention, vanadium and stevia (alone as well as concomitantly), but only vanadium+exercise was effective in inflammation and hyperemia (p=0.001).

Eight weeks of endurance exercise, stevia and vanadium intake appear to be effective in regulating body weight as well as improving the liver damage caused by diabetes.

Adiponectin and leptin are two peptide hormones that regulate energy balance. In this study, ratio of leptin to adiponectin, along with the insulin resistance index, is a good indicator for the diagnostic purposes of obesity and diabetes.

Sixty obese women aged 35-45 years (BMI ≥30) were divided into four groups: control, exercise, massage, and exercise+massage. Aerobic exercise included aerobic training, 8weeks, 3days/week, that bigan with 25 minutes and 55% of HRmax, and in the last week reached 40 minutes and 85% of HRmax. Massage was performed by LPG device for 30 minutes, 3days/week and 8 weeks. The combined group performed an exercise program after 30 minutes of massage. Blood samples were taken from the vein of the left hand, bifor and 48h after the exercise and massage intervention, and after 12h of fasting. were measured the Leptin, adiponectin,insulin and glucose levels . In order to analized the data, one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test was used at a significance level of p≥0.05.

The levels of glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, fat percentage, BMI, leptin, adiponectin, and leptin/adiponectin in the post-test of exercise+massage group were significantly changed compared with post-test of three groups, (p=0.001).

Performing aerobic exercise with massage on glucose, insulin, insulin resistance, leptin and adiponectin levels seems to be more effective than exercise and massage alone.

Diabetes with high blood sugar can cause central nervous system disorders. Consumption of stevia and vanadium are effective in regulating blood sugar, and may be associated with endurance activity in the brain tissue of diabetic rats.

The 35 male rats (180±10 g) (6-8w age) after 4 weeks of high-fat diet (70 g/kg daily), were divided into 7 groups: 1.control, 2.diabetic, 3.diabetic+exercise, 4.diabetic+vanadium, 5.diabetic+stevia, 6. diabetic+exercise+vanadium, 7.diabetic+exercise+stevia. To induce type1 diabetes, streptozotocin (55mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally, and vanadium extract (1mg/ml) was dissolved in water daily. The endurance training consisted of eight weeks, five days a week, starting at 15 minutes at 20 meters/minute and ending at 35 minutes at 30 meters/minute. Histopathological changes in brain tissue were examined using a light microscope. In order to normalize the parametric data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and for their analysis, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test, and for non-parametric data, Kruskal-Wallis test (p≤0.05) was used.

Body weight decreased significantly in all six experimental groups compared to healthy control group (p=0.001), in vanadium group compared to vanadium+exercise (p=0.01), and in stevia+exercise group compared to stevia (p=0.04). In the diabetic group, mild neuronal changes improved with exercise, stevia consumption and exercise + stevia, and mild hyperemia, with exercise, vanadium consumption, and exercise+vanadium (p=0.001).

Eight weeks of endurance exercise, stevia and vanadium intake appear to be effective in regulating body weight as well as improving the brain damage caused by diabetes.