علی رنگچیان

Hesari-ye Gazerani castle is one of the late Qajar castles, located in the southeast of Esfarayen city, in the functions of North Khorasan province. After reviewing aerial maps and field studies, it was found that there are many castles from the Qajar period with almost similar architectural style in Esfarayen region, which show the historical conditions and life-style, especially in this region. This study aims to start a field of study in order to understand a comprehensive picture of the political and social developments and architectural style of the Qajar period in the region. In this article, after a brief review of the types of castles in Iran and data were obtained about the Hesari-ye Gazerani castle in terms of the current situation and its past concerning the history, architecture and the surrounding environment. The present research was conducted by descriptive method, along with mapping and recording field studies, and was an attempt to identify and understand the historical values ​​and architecture of Hesari-ye Gazerani Fortress as one of the valuable works of the late Qajar period. It also explains the relationship between social and economic relations and the architectural style of the mentioned historical period in the region.

This study aimed to Estimate the Economic- Tourism value of the Historical Mosques in naghshe jahan square of Isfahan and analysis of the factors affecting the willingness to pay of Visitors To take advantage of the recreational and educational benefits of Historical and religious places by The contingent valuation method )CVM(.Tourist scale analysis of this Religious Centers could play an important role in overcoming the shortcomings and failures¡ Forecasting needs and management skills in order to advance tourism development on the Isfahan city. In order to analyze the factors affecting the tourists'' willingness to pay Logit model has been used and Based on the maximum likelihood method¡ parameters of the model are determined. The Required data is collected through questionnaire and interviewing visitors of 26 historic mosques in Isfahan. These data include socio - economic information of visitors and the data required for the function of the willingness to pay include education¡ occupation¡ gender and age¡ income¡ distance¡ family size¡ and health facilities and price. The results show that the 81.7 percent of the subjects are willing to pay for visiting Abbasi and Sheikh Lotfola Mosque of Isfahan city. Average willingness to pay for each visitor 8341.39 Rials has been estimated. Also¡ education¡ occupation¡ gender and age¡ income¡ distance¡ family size¡ environmental Trends¡ and health facilities and price have a significant influence on people''s willingness to pay.

It is nowadays less likely to findcomprehensive historical areas, which can represent all the typical features of a historical urban environment. Most historical urban spaces have undergone modernization and have inevitably ceased to function as they were originally devised to. However, successful experiences of urban space construction provethat modern urban areascan both meet the present day needs and maintain historic values ​​and reminiscences. To achieve such a role model requires a different perception of environment and a particular sense of position. Mashgh Square in Tehran is a unique urban space which represents a particularly comprehensive example of the aforementioned historical urban areas. It is located in the heart of thetwo-hundred year capital city of Iran and has witnessed many important political, social and cultural events, mediating both a historical and a contemporary visual experience to observant eyes. The area is a very important urban space in that it is connected from different sides to other important urban and historical spaces.Understanding these interconnections and their intelligent organization can result in creating a multi-purpose space with socialand historical capacities. This paper examines the evolution and development of Mashgh Square and the arms (joints) attached to the historical atmosphere of this square in detail.

The pattern of Persian garden, with more than two thousand years history, was neglected in the so-called “Transition Period” and replaced by European garden designs. Since this transition occurred gradually, we can find many types of such gardens in this period that makes a spectrum: from ones which were inspired by European gardens or affected only in their ornaments or furniture, to those that were European in their very nature. Raamsar garden-boulevard is a prominent case of such gardens, which includes examples of the spectrum in the last eight decades. Four periods can be recognized in the history of Raamsar garden-boulevard. In the first, in Pahlavi I period, the old hotel, casino building, and the boulevard were built. In the second period, in 1960's and 1970's, arable was transformed to fruit garden and a new hotel was built. In the third, they made some artificial organic-shaped canals, developed the airport and occupied the site environs by Golestān-e Honar 12, Summer 2008 7 many habitation projects. In the fourth period, since 1980, building projects next to the boulevard have been continued, the pedestrian lane paved by stone, and many park furniture, with undesirable designs, installed in the garden.