علی نجفی

The use of antibiotic prophylaxis in the treatment of burns is a controversial issue. Many specialists start antibiotic treatment after the patient is admitted to prevent infection, while in most cases, antibiotic use is not necessary. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship between the use of antibiotic prophylaxis on mortality, infection and drug resistance in burn patients without sepsis symptoms admitted to Amir al-Momenin Burn Injury Hospital.

The present analytical-cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020-2021 at Amir al-Momenin Burn Injury Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. 2982 patients were included in the study. Patients' information, results of bacterial culture and antibiotic resistance of isolated isolates were extracted from burn patients' registry system and health information system. Descriptive statistics and the collected data were presented in tabular form. Quantitative data were summarized as mean and standard deviation and qualitative data as frequency and percentage graphs. Statistical analysis was analyzed for the association of results using paired t-test and chi-square. The level of statistical significance in all tests was considered P≤0.05.

Antibiotic resistance in hospitalized patients with prophylaxis treatment was 54.30%. The rate of mortality and re-hospitalization of patients in patients with no antibiotic prophylaxis was zero; In addition, the blood, liver and kidney factors of the patients were within the normal range. There was no significant difference between platelet levels, alkaline phosphatase serum level, alanine aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen level and its ratio to creatinine (P≥0.05) on the first day of hospitalization and at the time of discharge. On the other hand, there was a significant difference between the levels of white blood cells, neutrophils and albumin (P<0.001) in the first three days of hospitalization and the time of discharge.

The use of prophylactic antibiotics had no effect in the treatment of burn diseases without infection, and in order to reduce microbial resistance, it is better to avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics in burn areas.

Today, due to the high nutritional value of fish, consumers' interest in using ready-to-eat foods based on fish is increasing worldwide. However, due to the presence of high amounts of protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids, aquatic products are highly sensitive to oxidation and the growth of microorganisms. The purpose of this research was to investigate the possibility of delaying oxidation and microbial spoilage and maintaining the quality and safety of rainbow salmon burgers during the storage period in the refrigerator using nano-encapsulated peppermint essential oil. Peppermint essential oil was nanoencapsulated by using a combination of gum arabic and soy protein isolate. Then it was added to the fish burger formulation at the levels of 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15%. The values of pH, total volatile nitrogen bases (TVN), peroxide indices (PV) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA), and total count of bacteria were tested during the 12-day storage period at 4°C. Particle size, PDI index, zeta potential and microencapsulation efficiency of peppermint essential oil nanocapsules were 297.4 nm, 0.328 nm, -32.17 mV and 87.24%, respectively. During the storage period, pH, TVB-N, PV and TBA values of burgers increased. Peppermint essential oil nanocapsules showed significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and reduced the rate of fat oxidation and bacterial growth in fish burgers. There was a positive correlation between the concentration of essential oil nanocapsules and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. The greatest effect of inhibiting the growth of bacteria and reducing the rate of oxidation of fats was observed in the burger containing 0.15% nanocapsules. The results of this research suggest the use of peppermint essential oil nanocapsules at a concentration of 0.15% in order to maintain quality, reduce the rate of oxidation and microbial spoilage in fish burgers.

One of the courses that students take in the field of Persian language and literature at Farhangian University is the course "Gnostic Order 1" which includes two gnostic works of Manteq al-Tayir and Hadiqah al- Haghiqat. A part of the syllabus of Manteq Al-Tir's is about the analysis of Sheikh Sanan's story. The purpose of this research is to use thematic analysis as an approach to analyze the verse and prose texts of the gnostic order 1 of the Persian language and literature department of Farhangian University. The subject of this research is the text of the story of Sheikh Sanan in Attar Neishabouri's Manteq Al-Tir which has been examined by the census method of the entire text of the story. The analysis of the themes of the story is to reach the general themes of the texts so that the teacher in the teaching-learning process can convey the form and content to the audience and create a deep understanding of the text; because the amount of lesson topics and the time allocated to them are not very proportional. This research was done using thematic analysis in an inductive way. The data was collected through reading the text and after creating the initial codes, themes were searched, reviewed and finally, the main and central themes were named. In total, all codes were placed under the seven main themes: relying on piety, God's judgment, the existence of obstacles in human life, faith, the scourge of love, reaching the position of trust and God's grace. Each of these themes was obtained by combining and reviewing selected themes. Among the main themes of the story, most of the themes are devoted to love and the woes of love. As a result, you cannot rely on piety and knowledge in the Tariqat, and God's judgment is lurking every moment, and His grace will be benefited through repentance, supplication, and intercession.

In recent years, edible coatings have received much attention due to their functional properties and have been used for a number of food products including fruits. Apricot is one of the fruits with short shelf life. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the shelf life of apricots at refrigerator temperature using edible aloe vera coating and to investigate its physicochemical properties. For this purpose, aloe vera gel was first prepared, dried and powdered. Then 0, 1 and 2% solutions of aleo vera powder were prepared and apricots of Rajabali cultivar were dipped for 5 minutes in solutions. The apricots were then packed in polystyrene containers and stored in the refrigerator at 4±1°C and 60±5% relative humidity. The samples were removed from the refrigerator at 0, 5, 15 and 25 days after storage, and physicochemical characteristics including weight loss, acidity, pH, firmness, vitamin C, mold percentage and color components were evaluated. Finally, the results were analyzed using a completely randomized design based on factorial test. The results showed that aloe vera gel at 2% concentration was highly effective in increasing the shelf life of apricots up to 25 days and the control samples without aloe vera coating had a significant decrease in quality and up to 50% moldiness. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of aloe eera edible coating increases apricot shelf life, preserves physicochemical properties and decreases moldiness in apricots. In this way Rajabali apricots could be preserved for 15 days at cold stores.

Today, the development of information and communication technologies and the emergence of emerging technologies have led to a dramatic change in the field of cyberspace. The most important means of influencing this space is to create technological infrastructure and content production management because cyberspace is formed through this infrastructure, but the key to this mass impact in this space should be sought in the power of control over big data and content produced; In this research, a documentary study and a meta-combined research method have been used. 96 basic concepts were categorized, each of which was placed under 8 categories after the category, the most important of these findings are features such as content interactivity, multimedia, content-oriented content and privacy. If by knowing the components and features of cyberspace content, it is possible to perform better activities in cyberspace and manage and monitor this space content in the best way, also with regard to policy and content management, better decision about what kind of content and how it should be produced and published Which can be considered effective.

 Potato strips are one of the most widely consumed products, and due to their high oil content, they have caused public health concerns. Therefore, efforts to reduce oil absorption can alleviate these concerns to some extent. Edible coating is an effective way to reduce oil uptake, because the oil absorption is a surface phenomenon. Edible coatings should adhere well to the surface of the product and provide a uniform and complete coverage for the product. Preventing the migration of oxygen, carbon dioxide, aromas, oils, moisture, improving the appearance of food and mechanical properties. In this study, the possibility of reducing oil absorption in French fries was investigated using okra mucilage and chitosan as edible coatings.

 The okra was washed and then cut into about 1 cm pieces and poured into containers with lids. Then water in a ratio of 2:1 weight of okra was added to the container and completely covered its surface. The okra were refrigerated for 72 hours until the mucilage was completely extracted. Then the mucilage was smoothed. This solution was considered as 100% mucilage solution. To prepare a 50% solution of okra mucilage, 100% solution was mixed with an equal amount of distilled water and filtered. To produce a solution of 0.75 and 1.5% of chitosan, 7.5 and 15 g of chitosan powder was dissolved in 1000 ml of 1% acetic acid and then adjusted to pH 5. Then 5 g of glycerol was added as a plasticizer. The potato slices were first blanched in 0.5% calcium chloride solution at 90°C for 5 minutes. Then, they were immersed in coating solutions at 60°C for 5 minutes. After coating, the potato strips were fried at 180°C using a fryer and then various characteristics including coating percentage, oil absorption, and moisture content, texture firmness, peroxide value, acid number, color indices and sensory properties were examined. Design Expert 8.0.7.1 software was used to analyze the results and to draw the curves.

Results and Discission:

 The results showed that the increasing the amount of chitosan led to better coating formation in comparison with okra. The highest coverage was observed in the concentration of 1.2% chitosan and 0% okra mucilage (2.38%) and the lowest was observed in the control sample (0.11%). It was also observed that with increasing the concentration of chitosan and okra mucilage, the amount of oil absorption decreases. However, the amount of oil absorption in high concentrations of okra mucilage increased slightly. The highest oil uptake in the control sample was 20% and the lowest was observed in the sample of fried strips covered with 41% okra mucilage and 1.5% chitosan at 15.44%. The obtained model of oxidation index was not significant. The effect of okra mucilage and chitosan concentration on the texture of the samples (p <0.05) and the color indices of a* (p<0.01) and L* (p <0.05) were significant. For sensory attributes, the highest and the lowest taste score was observed for samples coated with 100% okra mucilage and 0.75% chitosan and samples coated with 18% okra mucilage and 0% chitosan respectively.

 The aim of this project was to reduce the oil absorption of fried potato strips by coating them with chitosan and okra mucilage. Optimization to minimize the consumption of okra and chitosan mucilage showed that coating with 74% okra and 0.89% chitosan is suitable for coating potato slices. The desirability of this optimization was 71%, which is a reasonable percentage.

. In addition to criticizing and analyzing the subject, the main aim of the study is addressing teaching the continuous verb and expressing its angles and challenges. The problem is that Persian grammar teachers generally pay attention to the form of the topics, and perhaps they do not pay much attention to the topics, definitions and grammatical terms, and as a result of this the audience is far from understanding the topic. Some examples are verb moods, adverbs, etc. that even some grammar books have not explained the subject properly. This literary research, which was carried out with a qualitative method, has addressed the subject with a descriptive-analytical approach, and the method of materials and data collection included the use of library documents or electronic search. Finally, it has answered the research problem which sought to know the continuous imperative and identify its characteristics. The findings consider grammatical and lexical aspects and context to be the necessary factors to define the imperative verb and the continuous imperative and prove that the continuous imperative verb is realized if it includes other grammatical, lexical, and textual aspects. Adding the inflectional prefix "mī" is not enough to recognize the continuous verb

Due to extensive sanctions against Iran, in this study the economic effects of trade sanctions was investigated. Accordingly, after reviewing the thematic literature and studies conducted in this regard, using the statistical information of the Central Bank's 2016 statistical output data table and the computable general equilibrium method, the price and production effects of Iran's export and import sanctions were investigated.The results obtained using GAMS 34 software in the form of two research scenarios show that the import embargo has more severe economic effects than the export embargo on the economy. In the import embargo economic growth will reduce, respectively 6.72 and 9.87 percent and general level of production prices will increase 23.6 and 29.46 percent in the first and second scenarios. Export ban reduces economic growth of 2.05 and 4.55 and price levels 2.03 and 4.5 percent during the first two scenarios. The important point in this discussion, to reduce the general level of prices in the export ban, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis.

Today, the enrichment of baking products has drawn the attention of many manufacturers. Chia seed and psyllium husk are considered rich sources of various active compounds, especially hydrocolloids and dietary fiber. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the effect of replacing a part of wheat flour in cupcake formulation with the combination of chia seed (CSF) and psyllium husk flour (PHF) on the chemical composition and quality characteristics of the cake to produce a functional product. Different levels of CSF and PHF combinations including 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% were used in the cake formulation, and the viscosity and density of the cake batter, as well as the physicochemical and sensory properties of the cake samples, were tested. The results showed that increasing the level of substitution of flour led to a significant increase in viscosity (15%) and a decrease in the density of cake batter (p<0.05). Increasing the levels of CSF and PHF also significantly increased the protein, fat, ash, moisture, and fiber of samples and decreased the hardness of texture (p<0.05). Cakes containing 5 and 10% replacement had a higher specific volume than the control, and the specific volume of the cake containing 15% replacement was similar to the control. The addition of CSF and PHF by maintaining moisture and reducing the rate of hardening of the samples during the storage period reduced the rate of staling of the enriched samples compared to the control. Based on the sensory evaluation results, the cakes containing 0, 5, 10, and 15% flour replacement had high acceptance. In general, according to these results, it can be concluded that 15% of wheat flour in the cupcake formulation can be replaced with a combination of CSF and PHF to produce a functional product rich in fiber

In order to increase the oxidative stability of oil, various antioxidants are used. The use of synthetic antioxidants causes concern for the health of consumers due to their carcinogenicity, so today the food industry seeks to use natural alternatives instead of synthetic types to improve the oxidative shelf life of oils. Therefore, the aim of this research was to investigate the possibility of using broccoli sprouts extract (BSE) as a natural antioxidant to develop the oxidative stability of soybean oil. Different levels of BSE, including 200, 400, and 800 ppm, were added to soybean oil and these samples were compared with samples without antioxidants (control) and sample containing TBHQ synthetic antioxidants (100 ppm). Different tests including acid, peroxide, anisidine, totox, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) indexes, and Rancimat number were performed on the oil samples during the accelerated storage period of 18 days at a temperature of 60 °C. The obtained results showed that during the storage period, the values of acid, peroxide, anisidine, totox, and TBA indexes of oil samples increased and the Rancimat number decreased significantly (p<0.05), however, the rate of these changes in the control sample was significantly higher than other samples. Adding BSE and increasing its concentration in the samples significantly reduced the rate of lipid oxidation and triglycerides decomposition in oils (p<0.05), and the highest oxidative stability was observed in the sample containing 800 ppm of BSE. This level of the BSE showed even higher antioxidant activity than the TBHQ synthetic antioxidant. Finally, the results of this study indicated the antioxidant activity of BSE in soybean oil, and therefore, this extract at the level of 800 ppm can be used as a natural antioxidant to develop the oxidative shelf life and stability of soybean oil.

This study aimed to redesign an 70:20:10 model at the national petrochemical company. Despite the evidence of its effectiveness and its application at international companies, research to identify the strengths, weaknesses and possible modification was not found. The research method is qualitative of the type of formative research; and the data were collected using interviews and review of documents. 11 employees (six organizational training experts and five employees from department other) in the implementation stage and 12 employees in the validation stage were involved in the study. on the study, four questions relating to the strengths, weaknesses and possible modifications of the model were answered using formative research. The findings from this section led to the developing of an adaptive model including five roles: Performance Detective, Performance Architect, Performance Master Builder, Performance Game Changer and Performance Tracker and 22 sub – task of 31 subs – tasks of the model. Finally, the adaptive model, with 12 experts, was approved by the content and structural validation panel method.

There are many studies on the health effects of dietary advice and physical activity in pregnancy while only a few reported the effects of simultaneous administration of motivational interviewing, dietary advice, and physical activity on neonatal outcome in pregnant women with metabolic syndrome (MetS). This study was designed to examine the effects of these interventions on fetal-neonatal outcome in pregnant women with MetS.

A randomized, single‑blind, controlled clinical trial was performed in 120 pregnant women with metabolic syndrome at 15- 20 weeks of gestation in two hospitals in Babol, north of Iran, 2018. The participants were allocated into two groups (n= 60 per group) using blocking randomization and were followed up until the end of pregnancy. Fetal-neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups from week 32 of pregnancy. The interventional program included one motivational interview, two nutrition consultation sessions, and three sessions of physical activity (per week).  The control group received routine care. Demographic and fertility characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical and pregnancy outcomes were recorded. Data analysis was done applying independent t test, ANOVA, and logistic regression.

The incidence of respiratory distress syndrome was found to be significantly lower in intervention group (3.7%) compared with the control group (14.5%) at the end of the pregnancy (P=0.01).

Dietary recommendations, motivational interviewing, and physical activity in pregnant women with MetS during prenatal care can be used as safe and practical interventions to prevent respiratory distress syndrome.

In addition to expressive miracle, the Holy Qur’an also has miracles in expression diversity and creativity. Until now, there have been discussions about some of the Qur'an expression methods, such as argumentative expression, story, etc.; but regarding implicit marginalizations and thought-provoking meanings, this valuable book has not been properly researched. Since the 3rd AH century, some commentators have discussed various features of such a language. Words such as "allusion", "antiphrasis", "vituperation" etc., are considered "art criticism" and used in commentary books. In the contemporary era, some articles or books have been published independently or by digression about this issue. This article aims to achieve a specific framework and definition by explaining and evaluating such language in the form of "critical and artistic literature" as a new phenomenon - from an external perspective - with a descriptive-analytical method. Issues such as: humor, satire, jokes, stories, narratives and critical shows should be integrated in the knowledge form. This view will solve many interpretive problems and show the Qur'an as a source for artistic critical inspirations, both in terms of content and structure.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the world. In most cases, it can be treated if the disease is detected earlier. One way to diagnose cancer is to use microarray data, which, unlike imaging, does not contain harmful rays to humans. Microarrays have many genes that complicate and take time to analyse, so selecting useful genes is one of the key steps in diagnosing the disease. The proposed method in this paper has two main phases, the first of which is the selection of effective genes. In the next phase, the disease is diagnosed from the selected genes by the first phase. In the past, many algorithms such as Ridge have been proposed for this purpose, which according to the results of experiments, the accuracy of the method proposed in this paper is superior to them. In this paper, leukaemia and colon cancer datasets are used as input and evaluation of the proposed method. The precision of the proposed method for locating genes and diagnosing leukaemia and colorectal cancer is 97.62% and 92.31%, respectively. The results obtained from this method compared to other existing methods in terms of precision in the leukaemia dataset 2.39% and in the colorectal cancer dataset 5.62% improved; It is also easier to access and less expensive than biological experiments.

The purpose of this study is Study of Reference Instructors' educational workshops of Farhangian University based on the phenomenological method from their point of view. The research method is based on the study of phenomenology (lived experience). The statistical population of the study was the total number of reference teachers participating in the educational workshops of Farhangian University in the campuses of the brothers and sisters of Farhangian University in the last four years (2016-2017), which were 550 people. The sampling method was purposive and the sample size continued until the theoretical saturation of the data. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. The content validity of the interview tools was examined by five experts from Farhangian University. The reliability of the interview tool was evaluated and confirmed using the peer review technique, the matching technique by the members and the degree of agreement in coding between the peer and the researcher. Data using the seven-step method of descriptive- Colaizzi's phenomenology (including: studying participants' descriptions, extracting important phrases, compiling meanings from statements, organizing themes / themes, writing detailed descriptions for each theme, formulating structure the basis of the phenomenon (evaluation of results) was analyzed and interpreted. The results showed that five factors affect the quality of workshops, which are: 1- Design, implementation and evaluation of teaching and learning activities (including components: activities and tasks, educational content knowledge; use of technology and Multimedia, Teaching Methods, Teaching Strategies and Learning Interactions, Content, Educational Design; Learning Assessment Management, Needs Assessment); 2- Environmental factors: (including components: structure and policies of higher education and organizational culture and atmosphere); 3- Background (including components: conditions and facilities, place, time); 4- Management issues (including components: organizational support; management and leadership, participant selection method, finance and budget, workshop factors-monitoring and evaluation, workshop population); 5- Characteristics of human agents (including components: characteristics of the audience including: competence, internal and external motivations and human relations and characteristics of the teacher including: competence, scientific ability and specialized disciplines of the audience, selection method Teacher, teacher's reputation, motivation and interest, marginalization in workshops, fruitlessness of courses in terms of knowledge).

The aim of this study was to explain the relationship between psychological capital and social laziness with the mediating role of subjective well-being. The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive research method. The statistical population included all educational staff in Bojnourd, 120 people, who were selected using Cochran's formula and simple random sampling of 97 people. The research Questionnaires were Lutans  et al (2007) Psychological Capital, Hosseini (2008) Social Laziness and Keyes & Magyar-Mae (2003) subjective Well-Being. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data using SPSS 23 and pls software. The results show that the relationship between psychological capital and social laziness was negative and its relationship with subjective well-being was positive. Also, subjective well-being was negatively related to social laziness and the relationship between psychological capital and social laziness was negative; Therefore, it can be said there is a significant relationship between psychological capital and social laziness with the mediating role of subjective well-being in the staff of Bojnourd Education Department

 The endeavor of organizations and companies to reach large global markets has led them to use the most effective and practical methods to reach this aim. One of these methods is the  new teaching methods for employees which in the present study have been examined to determine the feasibility of applying new teaching methods in National Petrochemical Company of Iran, so that the company and especially its staff can benefit from these new teaching methods.

 This study is designed  in an applied and descriptive-surveying  format using a researcher-made questionnaire. It includes five components with 56 items that have separately studied readiness (17 items), the effectiveness of the teaching methods of former courses (10 items), the quality of the teaching content (8 items), the opportunity to develop new teaching methods (12 items), and the opportunity to develop new teaching methods in accordance with structural and infrastructural facilities. The reliability of the  questionnaire  was estimated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and found to be 0.85، 0.87،  0.85،  0.70،  0.90 respectively. Data were analysed in SPSS software using one sample t-test. The sample of the present study consisted of 270 staff and managers of National Petrochemical Company varying from grade 9 up to B (the specific levelling of the company’s staff). The Morgan Table was used for sampling in which from a population of 270, 120 individuals were selected as a sample from which 91 individuals received the questionnaire.  

 The results indicate the possibility of implementing new teaching methods in accordance with multiple dimensions. Among the dimensions of feasibility, except for the human dimension which is in the desired condition, other dimensions  are not in the desired condition.  For such dimensions, t is equal to -8.40 at the significance level of (0.000) which is lower than the assumed average (3) and is reported as undesirable. In the following five areas or dimensions of feasibility, the perspective of managers and staff were studied: 1) the amount of readiness of the managers and staff in using the new teaching methods; 2) the attitude of the managers and staff towards the quality and effectiveness of the teaching methods in the former courses; 3) the attitude of managers and staff towards the methods of presenting the teaching content and the quality of the teaching materials; 4) the opportunities for the development of new teaching methods in accordance with the attitude of the managers and the staff; 5) the opportunities for the development of the new teaching methods in accordance with the structural and infrastructural facilities in terms of the perspective of the managers and the staff. Except for the first question, for the rest of the questions, a negative value in a one sample t-test was shown which indicates there is a distance to reaching the desired situation. Moreover, the correlation among the components 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 was also calculated which were 0.34, 0.69, 0.72, 0.66 and 0.53, respectively.  Friedman test was used to prioritize and identify the components that are most desirable         

 The inferential results derived from the statistical findings showed that the readiness of the managers and the staff to promote the culture of using new teaching methods according to the findings is in desirable condition. So is possible that   implication of the new teaching methods is predictable based on the perspective of the managers and the staff’s point of views. In other dimensions, such as knowledge, technical, organizational, structural and infrastructure, there are signs that optimized conditions to benefit from new teaching methods. Referred to generality of findings indicates the human, technical, organizational and structural dimensions, it can be claimed that the feasibility indicators are not in a desired condition in the company. Except for the attitude and acceptance of using new teaching methods that are in favorable and appropriate condition, the rest of the indicators  are less than the average.

Cross docking is an appropriate method to reduce the warehouse space requirements, inventory management costs, and turnaround times for customer orders .This paper focuses on the optimization of the transportation cost and the planning of the movement of inbound and outbound trucks with multi cross dock and two different types of objective functions of minimizing total cost, minimize the number of transportation into the network inside the supply chain.. Since the paper model is a linear programming integer of zero and since these models belong to the NP-hard class, their solving time severely increases with increasing the problem dimensions. In this paper, to solve the model meta-heuristic algorithms have been used. The algorithms used in solving the model are Multiple Objective Simulated Annealing (MOSA) and Multiple Objective Ant Colony (MOACO) Algorithm. Finally, the model has been solved using two algorithms and computational experiments reported carefully to illustrate and compare designing and computational.

The purpose of this study is to provide a model for organizational commitment of employees. The nature of this research is qualitative and applied-development

The research method is the basic theory of systemic paradigm introduced by Strauss and Corbin. The sampling method is purposeful judgment based on theoretical sampling.

The results of the study identified four types of attachments including luxury (physical), physical, mystical and emotional under the causal conditions of the individual (material or spiritual) and supervisory tendency (more or less). The causal conditions that create organizational attachment can be explained on the basis of the individual's focus and controllability or individual supervisory desire. Intervener requirements include organizational status, work history, service compensation, organizational credibility, and type of relationship.

Paying attention to the employee attachment model and its appropriateness to the nature of the job, compensation of material and spiritual services, type of communication and organizational structure that affects the individual's controllability are practical factors in organizations.

Nowadays, many attempts have been made to replace conventional materials with polymers which have the advantage of having less weight and higher formability. Polymers besides these advantages have some shortcomings. One method to overcome these shortcomings is to strengthen them by adding other materials to polymers. As an example, polymer nanocomposites are made by adding nanoparticles to polymers to enhance their tribological performance. In this paper, an experimental and numerical study on the correlation between temperature rise and the wear rate in the polyethylene (PE) with 10% ZnO nanoparticles has been investigated. A comparison between pure PE and polymer nanocomposite has been made. A 3D finite element model has been developed in Abaqus to study the wear in the contact of pin and the disk. The results predicted by the FE model are compared to the experimental data obtained in this research using the pin on disk test rig. According to the results, a non-linear relation between temperature changes and wear rate has been developed.

SPATA19 gene is expressed in developmental stages of testis and some organs, but so far its function has only been examined in the testis. In this study, we provided an effective pathway for the generation of these mice using new CRISPR / Cas9 nickase method while generating Spata19 knockout mice for future studies in other organs.

CRISPR / Cas9 nickase plasmids were synthesized using pX335 vector and designed gRNAs. So, each plasmid was transformed into E.coli and clonal selection was performed. The plasmids extracted from the bacteria were mixed in equal proportions and injected into the male pronucleus. Correspondingly, the zygotes carrying the plasmid were transferred to Oviduct of Foster mice. After pregnancy extent, born mice were analyzed.

We generated global knockout mice using CRISPR/Cas9 nickase technology. This deletion was examined at three levels of DNA, RNA and protein. Generated 2 nucleotides deletion was confirmed by sequencing at three levels of DNA, RNA and protein. By translating the mutated RNA sequence, it was determined that this deletion could cause premature stop codon. Phenotypic analysis confirmed infertility of male homozygous mice (Spata19 -/-).

By generating Spata19 knockout mice, we present a protocol for generation of knockout mice. These mice could be applied as the infertile male mice and also for further characterization of Spata19 gene.

Main point of this research is, learning processes and different types of the memory and, how to apply them in our learning and teaching. learning and teaching are two important parts of education. Both of them should be used in order to have suitable education. Also other our goal in this article is to create a link between the pedagogical knowledge though at the Farhangian university and in the biology education. Descriptive-analytical methods were used to collect the required information by analyzing books and articles related to internal and external teaching and psychology. The results show that teaching is a two-way process and that knowledge is actively transferred to the learner in contrast to the behavioralist approach where learning transfer is passive. In this process, the teacher acts as a guide. The use of information technology while teaching and objectifying concepts also has an impact on students' learning, cognitive development and academic achievement.