علی یاسینی

Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), as a concept representing teacher professionalism and expertise, has received considerable attention since 1980. However, it remains understudied in the field of English language teaching (ELT). In this paper, the Q methodology was used to investigate the shared perceptions of EFL teachers about PCK. This study explored EFL teachers' priorities regarding PCK components. Fourteen EFL teachers participated in the Q study. Forty six statements were finally selected as the Q sample. Factor analysis revealed that participants grouped into 3 factors, expressing 3 distinct viewpoints of PCK components: student-focused, pedagogy-focused, and proficiency-focused components. The findings indicated that teachers placed greater priority on the subject matter, student, and lesson plan components. The results shed light on what teachers choose to focus on and what not to emphasize in their teaching. One practical implication of the findings is that educators and teacher education programmes must pay more attention to the student-focused aspect of teaching.

The evidence shows that investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange, in addition to quantitative methods, used judgments based on subjective perceptions, non-scientific information, rumors and blindly following a few participants in the capital market to determine the stock value. It is also known as collective, herd and mass behavior. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is the role of regret in the decision-making of the investor's collective behavior in the buying and selling situation. This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of type. The statistical population of the research includes all the shareholders in the stock exchange, which was calculated as 384 people according to the unlimited population to obtain the statistical sample size using Cochran's formula. And the test made by the researcher to determine the feeling of regret of the investor's mass behavior in the buying and selling situation was carried out on them, the results were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS statistical software. The results showed that the reliability and convergent and divergent validity of the appropriate model and the fit of the structural equations and overall fit were strong, and the feeling of regret had a positive and significant effect on the financial and psychological decision-making of mass investors.

The purpose of the present study was to identify and rank factors influencing parents rage in response to the service encounter quality in private primary schools. This research took an applied approach regarding the objective, while in regard to data collection, an exploratory approach (qualitative-quantitative) was used. In the qualitative section, in-depth interviews were used to extract criteria and indices. The statistical population in this part was comprised of 12 experts. After two stages, seven criteria were identified as influencing factors on parents rage. These criteria were “not being accountable (0.725), inappropriate outcome quality (0.85), process inadequacy (0.825), poor quality of interaction (0.75), poor service (0.65), not fulfilling promises (0.775), and inappropriate physical condition (0.35)”. In the quantitative section, grey ARAS ranking technique and three expert votes were utilized. The results of the weighted matrix showed that the strongest criteria for parents rage were inappropriate outcome quality and process inadequacy. Since inadequate quality of outcome is the most common cause of parents rage, its improvement can significantly reduce parents rage.

The present study aims to identify the mechanisms of development and retention of newly hired teachers in the education system in a qualitative manner. In the present qualitative study, 19 experts, managers and deputies of human resources, and newly hired teachers of the last 5 years of the education system were selected as snowballs and semi-structured interviews were conducted with them. In order to analyze the data, the technique of analyzing the qualitative content of the interviews according to the coding procedure was used. The results of the thematic analysis indicated that the mechanisms for the development of newly hired teachers included; In-school and out-of-school sessions, career development pathways, job design techniques, knowledge sharing, practical learning, networking, performance management, self-development, succession parenting, training, teamwork, and vertical career advancement. Performance based payment, benefits, attention to spiritual needs, and attention to material needs were the most important mechanisms for teacher retention. To implement transformation programs and policies, the education system must define, implement and evaluate systematic and goal-oriented mechanisms for the development and retention of talented novice teachers.

In psychology and management, psychological ownership is known as an important psychological antecedent for motivation, attitudes, and behaviors of managers at work. The present research aimed to understand the phenomenon of psychological ownership towards management positions among public managers conducted by the phenomenological approach. It was an applied and developmental study in terms of goal, which used semi-structured in-depth interviews for data collection. The statistical population was composed of the managers of public organizations in Ilam province, Iran. The sample was taken by purposive technique and continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Finally, 20 public organization managers were interviewed. The collected data were analyzed by the thematic method using the content analysis approach. The results revealed one theme, eight categories, and 21 sub-categories. The constituents of the concept of psychological ownership include attachment, continuity, fidelity, accountability, domineering, Identification, autonomy, and self-efficacy belief. Public agencies should take constructive actions to manage this phenomenon.

The purpose of this research was to identify the micro and macro occasions of the Iranian higher education system in the field of liberal arts. The mixed research method was exploratory which in the qualitative stage was from the content analysis method and in the quantitative stage was from the structural equations. The statistical population consisted of experts on the transformation of the Iranian higher education system that using targeted sampling and snowball, 214 elites in the field of higher education of Kermanshah universities were selected as the sample size by stratified sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview and a researcher-made questionnaire. Content was used to assess the validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the questionnaire. The statistical method in the quantitative stage was the modeling of structural equations. Findings showed that the macro occasions of transformation include capital, development, cultural, environmental and motivational factors, and the micro occasions of transformation include: freedom of thought, information updating, skilled knowledge force, knowledge marketing, knowledge commercialization, knowledge transfer, knowledge development, strong cultural knowledge building, knowledge value creation, strengthening knowledge culturalization, research-oriented, scientific competition, knowledge conceptualization, scientific encouragement, quality of knowledge services and knowledge support.

The main purpose of this study was to understand what and why the phenomenon of trained incapacity in government organizations.
Design/ Methodology/ Approach: Research methodology The use of combined-exploratory method consisted of two stages: qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative part is done through the strategy of data-based theory and the quantitative part is done using structural equation modeling. The statistical population included experts in government organizations in the city of Ilam, which conducted two semi-structured interviews in two methods, targeted and snowball, until theoretical saturation was achieved. The validity of qualitative data was confirmed by the relative coefficient of content validity and content validity index. Then, a questionnaire of 81 questions was designed to test the model, the validity and reliability of which were evaluated with known indicators.

The beginning of the trained incapacity in dimensions of rules of inelastic, Managers Mental intentions, The deterrence role of Managers, Structure Organizational and Organization Process, related to the causative conditions affecting the axial phenomenon were identified the dimensions of Job Routineness, early of Prejudice, Job in adequacy, inferiority feeling and Smart Silence to the organizational Trained Incapacity variable (the axial phenomenon). After confirming the validity of this step, the analysis of quantitative data with Smart PLS software showed that causal factors have a meaningful effect on the visibility of the axial phenomenon. Also, using the sample test, it was found that the current situation of the five dimensions of the concept of disability learned in the study population is higher than normal.
Limitations and consequences: the concept and dimensions that make up learning disability have been left unexplored by researchers. Therefore, the present study tries to reduce the aforementioned theoretical and conceptual gap.

Given the prevailing dimensions of disability formation learned in government organizations, managers should adopt appropriate strategies to control this phenomenon by increasing awareness of its causes.

The present article introduces one of the lesser known diseases in government organizations and deals with its conceptualization.

Although many years have passed since the phenomenon of Trained Incapacity was introduced in the field of human resource studies, its visible and hidden indicators has remained undiscovered. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to explore the concept of Trained Incapacity in Iranian government organizations to achieve a deep understanding of the content of this phenomenon among experts in the administrative system.

The research strategy was interpretive mapping of grounded theory and its participants were employees of government organizations in Ilam, Iran. Twenty people were interviewed through theoretical sampling method considering the theoretical saturation rule. The main data collection tool in the qualitative section was a semi-structured interview to enumerate the manifestations of the central phenomenon. And in the quantitative section, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to validate the emerging conceptual model. The validity of the interviews was assessed using two strategies of triangulation and peer review, and the reliability method between the two coders was considered to ensure the quality of the data.

The results showed that the trained incapacity is conceived and plotted in the form of a three-layer model. In the deepest conceptual layer, the five factors of Administrative panic formation, Inferiority Feeling, Institutionalization of job habits, Job in adequacy form the central phenomenon. The most obvious layer of trained incapacity is manifested in the form of behaviors such as Job Routineness, Job Regressionism, and Job immunization. Furthermore, the results of model validation through a sample test by considering the six indicators of comprehensiveness, brevity, uniqueness, coherence, fit with organizations and fit with the current needs of organizations indicated that the conceptual model has theoretical validity from the point of view of experts and informants.

Awareness of the indicators of the trained incapacity phenomenon in the environment of government organizations is an important step in increasing the knowledge of managers about lesser known phenomena in the context of the dark edge of organizational behavior discourse. Strategies proposed in this field can also provide the necessary platform to reduce its effects on the body of organizations.

The Strategic Management of Information Systems book deals with the strategic management of information systems as a complete set for the organization. The purpose of this article, which has been done in a descriptive-analytical method, is to find the strengths and weaknesses of this work. Accordingly, the book has been studied first and then analyzed from three perspectives: content, writing, and form-structure. The book is written as a resource for students of management and especially technology management. According to the author, the work has some goals such as helping and guiding managers to adopt appropriate strategies for managing information systems in organizations, clarifying the various dimensions of information systems and reviewing the most important theories and the most prominent perceptions of information systems management. However, based on the results of the present critique, it seems that the author has not achieved the desired goals in a desirable way. Due to the fact that the book does not have an editor, the work has defective linguistic rules and misuse of writing symbols. From the formal and structural point of view, the chapters of the book lack introduction, goals, and conclusions, or summaries, which confuse the reader. From the content point of view, the topics of the book lack the necessary coherence and accuracy. Some of the general topics and concepts are covered in the book, and there is no balance between the descriptions of some of the proposed topics.

Stoichiometry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between elements in the formation of compounds in chemical reactions. Effective learning this topic requires teachers to use appropriate teaching methods. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of third grade high school chemistry elemental learning pathway in exploration and traditional methods. The purpose of this study is to investigate students' mental map and knowledge space as well. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection, a real experimental with two experimental and control groups with pre-test and post-test design were used. The population of this study consisted of all third year students of Ilam public high school (250 students) in the academic year of 2014-2015. Two public schools were randomly selected and among them four classes including control group (N = 36) and experimental group (n = 36) were selected. The researcher-made test of Bloom's level of learning (6 questions) and students' attitude questionnaire (20 questions) were validated by four chemistry professors and five chemistry teachers. The total score of learning test was 100, which at the end of the number of points for more accurate analysis was converted to 20. The reliability of the students' knowledge and attitude scales was obtained by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.72 and 0.77, respectively. Visual Mind statistical software was used for data analysis and conceptual map of students. Independent t-test was used to compare the mean of experimental and control groups. The results showed that there is a significant difference in attitude and mental map between the two groups.

The purpose of this study was to identify mental models of first-grade math teachers about the content of emotional labor in the teaching. The research method is a descriptive – exploratory survey. Using Q method (quantitative qualitative), different mental models of teachers regarding the emotional labor of the work have been extracted. Of the mathematical teachers who had more experience in teaching mathematics, 12 subjects were selected with a purposeful sampling and interviewed by the Q method, and then cards related to Q statements were distributed among them. Based on distributed cards, among the 105 statements, 41 final statements were identified and then prioritized by the participants. Finally, based on the findings and results of Qi's analysis, there are three different mental models regards emotional labor in work were extracted among math teachers (emotional work as job requirements, emotional work as role-related emotional representations, and emotional work as a psychological experience). As a result, it can be interpreted that a large percentage of identified propositions and models claim to be emotional displays of mathematical teachers in school, and according to the teachers' mentality, emotional representation has the greatest effect on the formation of the content of emotional labor by teachers. The purpose of this study was to identify mental models of first-grade math teachers about the content of emotional labor in the teaching. The research method is a descriptive – exploratory survey. Using Q method (quantitative qualitative), different mental models of teachers regarding the emotional labor of the work have been extracted. Of the mathematical teachers who had more experience in teaching mathematics, 12 subjects were selected with a purposeful sampling and interviewed by the Q method, and then cards related to Q statements were distributed among them. Based on distributed cards, among the 105 statements, 41 final statements were identified and then prioritized by the participants. Finally, based on the findings and results of Qi's analysis, there are three different mental models regards emotional labor in work were extracted among math teachers (emotional work as job requirements, emotional work as role-related emotional representations, and emotional work as a psychological experience). As a result, it can be interpreted that a large percentage of identified propositions and models claim to be emotional displays of mathematical teachers in school, and according to the teachers' mentality, emotional representation has the greatest effect on the formation of the content of emotional labor by teachers.The purpose of this study was to identify mental models of first-grade math teachers about the content of emotional labor in the teaching. The research method is a descriptive – exploratory survey. Using Q method (quantitative qualitative), different mental models of teachers regarding the emotional labor of the work have been extracted. Of the mathematical teachers who had more experience in teaching mathematics, 12 subjects were selected with a purposeful sampling and interviewed by the Q method, and then cards related to Q statements were distributed among them. Based on distributed cards, among the 105 statements, 41 final statements were identified and then prioritized by the participants. Finally, based on the findings and results of Qi's analysis, there are three different mental models regards emotional labor in work were extracted among math teachers (emotional work as job requirements, emotional work as role-related emotional representations, and emotional work as a psychological experience). As a result, it can be interpreted that a large percentage of identified propositions and models claim to be emotional displays of mathematical teachers in school, and according to the teachers' mentality, emotional representation has the greatest effect on the formation of the content of emotional labor by teachers.The purpose of this study was to identify mental models of first-grade math teachers about the content of emotional labor in the teaching. The research method is a descriptive – exploratory survey. Using Q method (quantitative qualitative), different mental models of teachers regarding the emotional labor of the work have been extracted. Of the mathematical teachers who had more experience in teaching mathematics, 12 subjects were selected with a purposeful sampling and interviewed by the Q method, and then cards related to Q statements were distributed among them. Based on distributed cards, among the 105 statements, 41 final statements were identified and then prioritized by the participants. Finally, based on the findings and results of Qi's analysis, there are three different mental models regards emotional labor in work were extracted among math teachers (emotional work as job requirements, emotional work as role-related emotional representations, and emotional work as a psychological experience). As a result, it can be interpreted that a large percentage of identified propositions and models claim to be emotional displays of mathematical teachers in school, and according to the teachers' mentality, emotional representation has the greatest effect on the formation of the content of emotional labor by teachers.The purpose of this study was to identify mental models of first-grade math teachers about the content of emotional labor in the teaching. The research method is a descriptive – exploratory survey. Using Q method (quantitative qualitative), different mental models of teachers regarding the emotional labor of the work have been extracted. Of the mathematical teachers who had more experience in teaching mathematics, 12 subjects were selected with a purposeful sampling and interviewed by the Q method, and then cards related to Q statements were distributed among them. Based on distributed cards, among the 105 statements, 41 final statements were identified and then prioritized by the participants. Finally, based on the findings and results of Qi's analysis, there are three different mental models regards emotional labor in work were extracted among math teachers (emotional work as job requirements, emotional work as role-related emotional representations, and emotional work as a psychological experience). As a result, it can be interpreted that a large percentage of identified propositions and models claim to be emotional displays of mathematical teachers in school, and according to the teachers' mentality, emotional representation has the greatest effect on the formation of the content of emotional labor by teachers.The purpose of this study was to identify mental models of first-grade math teachers about the content of emotional labor in the teaching. The research method is a descriptive – exploratory survey. Using Q method (quantitative qualitative), different mental models of teachers regarding the emotional labor of the work have been extracted. Of the mathematical teachers who had more experience in teaching mathematics, 12 subjects were selected with a purposeful sampling and interviewed by the Q method, and then cards related to Q statements were distributed among them.

The main aim of the present paper is to examine the understanding and experience of the lives of novice teachers in the process of Introduction to recruitment. The research method is applied in terms of its purpose and in terms of the nature of a qualitative research based on the phenomenological approach. All teachers and trainers employed from 2015 to 2018 have been selected as the target of the population. The sampling method was a snowball in that, 12 interviews implement to reach the data saturation stage. The output of the interview categorized in 6 main themes, 22 categories and 89 coded concepts. The results showed that teachers had a good experience from the Introduction to recruitment, expressing unpleasant experiences and legal knowledge at the first days of employment as an experience. Teachers' expectations of the program have been weakened, including the recruitment of two requirements and performance management that is most relevant to the needs of the most recent trainee teachers and trainers. There are also, the categories of introduction with in-organization processes, role-based learning and organizational learning, including the training needs of teachers at the time of recruitment. Teachers regard the most important duty-side concerns as two themes of emotional support and justifying the initial considerations, and factors such as tension and anxiety, inappropriate organization and management weakness, including issues and problems of recruitment from the viewpoint of teachers.

This study is to identify the factors affecting the formation of mass behavior of investors in the Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, by conducting interviews in the form of five categories of economic and political factors, market psychological factors, company financial factors and individual factors were classified. The present research method is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection is considered as descriptive-survey research. investigate the field in the present study, the statistical population includes all shareholders in the stock exchange, which was calculated to be 384 people due to the unlimited nature of the society to obtain the statistical sample size of Cochran's formula. In addition to library studies, the data collection tool is a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed using the opinion of professors and experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's coefficient was 0.91. Spss software was used to analyze the data and liserl software was used to determine the significance of the indicators. The results show that the five factors studied are effective in the mass behavior of investors and the exchange rate, sanctions and brokers' opinion have the greatest impact on behavior. Mass investors like the Tehran Stock Exchange.

The metaphor of “Survivor’s Envy " refers to the perceived jealousy of an employee compared to other colleagues' job status. The present study is an applied one in terms of purpose and has been done qualitatively with in-depth and guided interviews in terms of data gathering. The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experience of the Ilam university conditional faculty members from Survivor's Envy phenomenon, which was done by phenomenological method. At Ilam University, all faculty members with conditional contract status were 40 people, 18 of whom were purposefully selected and interviewed until theoretical saturation thematic analysis approach has been used to analyze the data obtained from the interviews. Findings are categorized into one theme, five main themes and thirteen subthemes. Considering the negative consequences of survivor's envy, including not motivating, hopelessness, emotional pressure, stress and etc; universities and higher education centers need to identify this phenomenon and its impact on the educational, research and cultural activities of faculty members, to adopt constructive actions to improve career promotions in universities and manage the phenomenon of Survivor's Envy.

The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the quality assurance in new hired teachers training using the importance-performance analysis model. The research method was exploratory mixed in which the required qualitative and quantitative data were collected through interviews and two questionnaires retrieved from interviews. The statistical sample was selected by quantitative stratified random sampling method including 110 participants and 25 teachers.30 participants and 16 teachers were selected through purposeful sampling. In order to determine the validity of the qualitative and quantitative data, member checking method and experts review were used respectively. The reliability of the questionnaires was calculated using Cronbach's alpha method (0.88for learners questionnaire and 0.79 for teachers questionnaire). Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis method and statistical methods including Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation coefficient, determination coefficient, correlation t-test and differential scoring formula. Finally, after identifying the quality components in new teachers training, a new Performance Assessment Matrix with48 component was presented to improve the quality of teachers training in Iran. The results showed that instructors and learners shared the desirability and appropriateness of the educational center, the proportion of the duration of the course with the volume of content, the relative level of new teachers in terms of their respective knowledge and skills, and the new teachers' mastery of the required content. Learning the content of the curriculum has been cited as one of the most important indicators of quality assurance for new teachers.

The main purpose of the present study is to develop cultural strategies of the religious agenda of state run Universities of western side of country. .

The researchmethod is descriptive and analytical survey. First, using an interview and questionnaire, internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) of organization was identified and then closed questionnaire has been used. To analyze the data, one-sample t test, confirmatory factor analysis and SWOT analysis method were used

Ultimately seventeen strategies include: Six Strategies about SO, three strategies about ST, five strategies for WO and three strategies for WT developed and proposed to the organization.

The cultural units of western universities of the country are strategically located in the SO region; that is, they have the opportunity in terms of internal factors and external factors.

The conceptualization of organizational insentience and the designing and validation of a conceptual model for governmental organizations is the main objective of this research.

The researchmethod is qualitative and exploratory. The statistical population consisted of experts in the field of organization and management, which through a snowball sampling51interviews was conducted to achieve theoretical saturation. Data collection tools were semistructured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire for validating the conceptual model. The validity of the interviews was obtained through the method of checking by partners and contributors, and reliability was obtained through the agreement of the two experts.

With MAXQDA2018 software, 198 open codes, 25 pivot codes and9selectable codes were counted. The results showed that organizational insentience can be traced in the form of a three-layer pattern, which in the most fundamental layer of the conceptual model, there are four factors such as the unreliability of the role of fiction, the general growth of organizational insentience, negative sensory and social cognitions, and insentience Incidents. In the outer layer of organizational insentience, there are also behaviors such as white fear and white identity, organizational localized insentience, silent crisis, and employee reluctance. Finally, the results of model validation using one-sample t-test showed that the conceptual model is comprehensive, originality, uniqueness, coherence, proportionality with organizations, and in line with current needs.

The ambiguous nature of the subject for the interviewees and the inappropriate substance of organizational Insentiencein other domestic and foreign scientific articles were among the limitations that the present study filled in this conceptual vacuum.

Given the constituent dimensions of organizational Insentience, it is imperative to acquire sensory literacy to confront managers with a set of negative employee emotions in the organization. Innovation or Value of the Article: The paper can provide a scientific approach to understanding new concepts in the field of organization and management.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of spirituality at work on job engagement with mediating role of spiritual intelligence. Based on the aim of study research method was applied and based on the method of data gathering was descriptive – correlation. All of schools principals of Ilam were made population of the study (N=400) from them 125 subjects were selected based on random sampling method. To collect the data, three standard questionnaires were used that their reliability and validity measured via Cronbach alpha and content validity respectively. SMART-PLS software used to analyze the research model and results showed that spirituality at work has a positive effect on spiritual intelligence and on job engagement, but the impact on job engagement was stronger rather than spiritual intelligence. Spiritual intelligence has a positive effect on job engagement. Finally, results showed that spiritual intelligence has a mediating role in the relationship between spirituality at work and job engagement.

This research is aimed at understanding the nature of organizational numbness in governmental organizations and the factors influencing it. This Mixed-methods research uses a systematic integration of quantitative and qualitative data. The qualitative part is performed using the Grounded theory and quantitative part utilizes a structural equation modeling. The qualitative part used semi-structured interviews for its data collection and a combination of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding was used for the analysis of the data. On the other hand, a researcher made questionnaire was used for the quantitative section while the validity and reliability of the survey had already been investigated. 7 major categories were identified using 196 open codes and 20 axial codes. The data analysis software MaxQda 2018 has been used used to analyze the surveys data and extract the codes. Meanwhile, the dimensions of white fear, organizational blackout, insentience, and reluctance related to the organizational numbness variable (the axial phenomenon) and the dimensions of perceptual-sensual errors, sensual events and unconventional roles of government executives, related to the causative conditions affecting the axial phenomenon were identified. Based on the findings of the qualitative part and the confirmation of the relationship between dimensions and variables using the identified codes it was determined that causal conditions with acceptable effect coefficients and significance coefficients affect the phenomenon of organizational numbness. The GOF, Q2, Rsquare and Fsqare criteria for the structural model and the measurement models were calculated using the Smart PLS 3 software. It is also worth to mention that all of the mentioned variables had allowed and acceptable values.

The study of the relationship between distributed style style strategy, organizational citizenship behavior at group level, self-efficacy and trust in organization in the form of a hypothesized pattern. The research method was descriptive-correlational. For collecting data, a survey method and four valid and reliable questionnaires were used. The total staff of the sports media of Ilam province (N = 136) comprised a population that was selected by using a Morgan table of 103 people by random sampling in a proportional volume. In order to test the hypothesis of the research, the path analysis was performed using PLS VISUAL software. The relationship between distributed style and organizational citizenship behavior at the level of the group is indirect and through the two variables, the sense of self-efficacy and trust in the organization is explained at 45%. The strategy of distributed leadership style as the most innovative and recent style of leadership style is a good predictor of occurrence of citizenship behaviors at group level, which is the primary outcome of distributed leadership style strategy, change in employee trust and self-efficacy. These two variables As mediators, the relationship between distributed leadership strategy and citizenship behaviors affects the level of the group.

The present research is to provide an explaining model for employee inefficient behaviors based on Managers abusive supervision.  This study is practical in terms of purpose and data collection method is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population consists managers and employees of Ilam  public organizations, about 5000 people among whom 360 individuals were selected randomly as a sample by using Krejcie and Morgan's table (1995). The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire of which their reliability is measured through Cronbach’s alpha as well as their validity by constructive validity. The data was processed using SPSS software and visual-pls in order to determine the validity of the hypotheses and the significance level of the relationships between the variables. The findings of this research show that the Managers abusive supervision has a significant effect on inefficient job behaviors. The findings of this study show that perceived Abusive supervision has a positive and meaningful effect on the two variables of neurotic behavior and emotional exhaustion of which its effect’s coefficient on neurotic behavior(β = 0.55) is more than emotional exhaustion(β = 0.35). Also there is a negative and inverse influence on perceived Abusive supervision of employees' Prosocial reaction (β =-0.390). Neurotic behavior has a positive and significant effect on the two variables of organizational obstruction and ineffective Counterproductive work behavior of which its effect’s coefficient on organizational obstruction(β = 517) is more than inefficient Counterproductive work behavior(β = 0.367). The effect of neurotic behavior on Prosocial reaction(β = 0.077) has been statistically excluded and has no significant effect. Findings show that emotional exhaustion has a positive and significant effect on organizational obstruction as well as the inefficient Counterproductive work behavior variables, which has a significant effect on organizational obstruction(β = 0.398) than ineffective occupation behaviors(β = 0.221). The emotional exhaustion has a negative and inverse effect on Prosocial reaction(β= -0.285). Organizational obstruction has a positive and significant effect on inefficient job behaviors (β= 0.214). Also Prosocial reaction has a negative and significant effect on organizational obstruction(β = -0.653).

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of organizational culture on hypocrisy in organization with the mediating role of organizational rumor in Bandarabbass state - run organizations. Research method was an exploratory mixed. The statistic population in qualitative phase is all of experts and intellectuals in management scope and in quantitative phase are all of public sector employees Bandarabbas. To determine the sample size, theoretical sampling, Morgan’s table and stratified random sampling were used. To collect the data interviews and questionnaire were used and data analyzed via using SPSS and PLS software. In order to measure the validity of instruments, implementation by members, peer review and participatory research used in qualitative phase and content validity by expert used in quantitative phases. Also, alpha cronbach coefficient used. Path diagram used to run the proposed model and results showed that the corporate culture, mission and adaptability have a significant impact on organizational rumors; individual hypocrisy and organizational hypocrisy in negative way. Compatibility culture does not affect to any of the variables. In general, organizational culture is affected to reduce hypocrisy in the organization. Finally results show that Organizational rumor has a mediator role in above mentions relations.

In recent year, there has been a growing interest in the field of misbehaviors. Meanwhile, one of the concepts that attracted the attention of organizational experts is workplace incivility. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of workplace incivility on the unproductive behaviors of hospital staff. Accordingly, the present study sought to reduce the scientific gap between the processes of workplace incivility behavior and to help managers avoid such behaviors, thereby enhancing citizenship behaviors, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization and avoid the direct and indirect devastating effects of this phenomenon on the organization.   This descriptive-correlational study was conducted on 344 employees of hospitals in Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran, in 2017.  The participants were selected from the study population of 3224 employees using simple random sampling technique. The study instruments were workplace Incivility Behavior, Self-monitoring, Locus of Control, Compulsory Citizenship Behavior, Anti-Citizenship Behavior, and Counterproductive workplace behavior scales whose validity and validity was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha and content validity. The data were analyzed using PLS software and tested by structural equation method (SEM) in terms of confirmatory factor analysis and hypothesis testing parts.   The results of the research show that workplace incivility behaviors affect the non-productive behaviors of the staff positively and significantly (t>1.96). In this regard, the variables of Compulsory Citizenship Behavior and anti-citizen behavior play a mediating role (t>1.96). Moreover, the moderating role of locus of control and self-monitoring was negatively significant (t>1.96; β<0).   Considering the destructive effects of incivility on the organization, it is necessary to consider transparent and precise management measures, improvement of the working environment, and the necessary training regarding hospital staff behavior.