علیرضا سلیمانزاده

Different religions around the world have provided constructive solutions in the field of solving various human problems. Buddhism paid a lot of attention to the natural environment from the very beginning. Regarding the importance of the present research, it should be noted that the researches that have been conducted on Buddhist religious texts have not paid much attention to the environmental views of this religion and have often investigated its philosophical, psychological and therapeutic aspects. Considering the many environmental problems that have critically threatened vegetative, bestial and human life, the contemporary world needs extensive research in the field of nature protection so that the experiences of other schools can be used. The main achievement of this research will be to show how Buddhism tries to preserve nature by linking ethics and environment.The current research will try to advance the research by using the historical research method and by referring to first-hand (original) and research sources.The results of the research also indicate that, according to Buddha, change is part of the nature of the environment; but moral vices (such as cruelty, avidity, hoarding, prodigality, burglary, arrogance, etc.) will speed up the destruction of the world as a cause and effect.

According to Arnold Joseph Toynbee's (1889-1975) theory, the static period of society can be regarded as a period of stagnation and inactivity. Members of such a society do not have responses to the challenges ahead and they are passive and surrendered to existing conditions. In other words, a static society is a society that in general is somewhat lacking in fundamental transformational mechanisms. According to such a theory, the advent of ancient Iranian civilization is the result of a revolution, as well as the movement of society from a static past to a dynamic future.However, this paper, using the historical research methods, being sought to examine and analyze the characteristics of the Medes society before the dynamic stage based on existing evidence. Whether Society such as the Medes, in spite of stagnation, has absolutely no internal transformation or have. Achievement of this study is to demonstrate the adaptation or perhaps incompatibility of Toynbee's civilization views with part of ancient Iranian history. Meanwhile, the analysis of the general characteristics of the static society of the Median society based on historical facts and evidences, is one of the other achievements of the present study.
Keywords: Ancient Iran, Median community, Arnold Toynbee, civilization, Static Sociology.

Baluchi language is one of the branches of Iranian languages. This language has kept its ancient form more than other branches of Iranian languages. For Western scholars, however, it has been difficult to prove Baloch's race from the Aryan, Dravidian, Turkmen or Arabic point of view. Concerning this issue, definitive inference from any researcher has been controversial. In this research, using the historical method and descriptive-analytical research, we try to examine the Baluch people's race based on the views of Western scholars. Indeed, the attempt is to describe and explain the current situation of the issue. The findings of this research show that in the past, the issue of studying races was a very acute ideological and political issue in the West, especially for their colonial purposes. But it should be said that this is less true in Balochistan's identification of racial identity. However, such an attempt is the sequel of the same trend and general and long-term goals of Western colonialism, especially the British.