غلام حسین حسینی نیا

Developing entrepreneurial leaders is the key to finding hidden value in communities. If we learn how to create or revive the spirit of entrepreneurship in our society, all stakeholders will benefit. Based on this, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying and evaluating entrepreneurial leadership skills and competencies in transitioning countries. The objective is descriptive-applicative and the data collection tool was a questionnaire, which after designing its face validity (based on the opinion of experts) and its reliability (using Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.878) were measured. The statistical sample of the research was determined by the Cochran formula of 273 people, which included organizational and academic experts. Data analysis has been done using the structural equation method and Smart PLS3 software. Based on the results, it has been determined that entrepreneurial leadership skills and competencies include "exploration, acceleration, search, integration, influencing others, coaching, Facilitation, guidance, opportunism and motivation have an impact on entrepreneurial leadership. In addition, "individual, acquired and functional characteristics" also affect the performance of entrepreneurial leadership.

Usually, the strategies established by institutions affect the company's performance, so less attention is paid to systems such as taxation, incentive strategies, maintaining business ownership, and their mentality towards sustainable and continuous growth of startups. This article aims to design a model of entrepreneurial financing strategies. The research method applied has a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative) of an exploratory type. In the quantitative part of the research, the data collected through a questionnaire designed based on the identification indicators of the entrepreneurial financing strategies model and distributed among the studied community were quantitatively analyzed statistically. For statistical analysis, the structural equation method and SPSS and SMART-PL software were used. In the qualitative section, after reviewing and analyzing the content of all interviews, the proposed model of entrepreneurial financing strategies for knowledge-based companies in Iran includes eight main components, including contextual factors related to potential sources of financing, legal and upstream factors, communication factors, international, regional factors, and sanctions, entrepreneur's characteristics, innovation, business-related factors and, management factors.

The analysis of the business environment in Iran shows that one of the reasons for the slow growth and productivity of knowledge-based companies in Iran is the difficult financing conditions of these companies. The purpose of this article is to identify the constituent components of the model of entrepreneurial strategies for financing knowledge enterprises in Iran. The research method is applied and, in terms of data collection, it has a hybrid approach (qualitative-quantitative) of exploratory type. Knowledge enterprises form the statistical population of the research. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the results of qualitative research, designed and distributed among the statistical sample. To analyze statistical data, descriptive and inferential statistics, SPSS and Lisrel software was used. The findings of the research showed that the most essential components of the model of entrepreneurial strategies for financing knowledge enterprise are: cognitive capital (2.95), relational capital (average 2.88), structural capital (average 3.32), and social capital (average 3.05). As a result, in forming entrepreneurial strategies, the contextual and structural components were directed so that they could ultimately help the company's financing strategy.

Awareness of modern developments and dynamics in different disciplines including management can dramatically contribute to the transcendence and prosperity of communities, facilitate facing crises and problems, and help accountability and complicated problem-solving skill. This applied study identified and evaluated the drivers of resilient management of businesses affected by the COVID-19 crisis using a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) design. In the qualitative phase, the components of resilient management were identified with a systematic study of documents and using qualitative content analysis through three coding steps in the MAXQDA2020 software for a two-year time interval. These components were found to include organizational architecture, organizing to be accountable, suspicion and intuition, continuous assessment, delegation of authority, psychological safety, flexible groups, and rapid problem-solving capability. In the quantitative phase, the effectiveness of the components was determined by the structural equation modeling using a questionnaire in the PLS software package. The statistical population in this phase was composed of the managers and owners of businesses in selected cities. The sample size was estimated at 90 people by Cochran’s formula. The results show that all components influence the resilient management of businesses. The components of flexible groups, delegation of authority, organizational architecture, and suspicion and intuition are the least influential.

Self-efficacy is a personal judgment that results from how a person performs tasks and responsibilities and affects all areas of human effort and through the person's beliefs about their own power; It is effective on the power of choice, influence and resilience in facing challenges and decisions. Business coaches are people who have a tremendous impact on the skills training and professional life of people in the society. The stratum can change the professional life of a significant number of people in the society. For this purpose, in this research, the self-efficacy dimensions of technical and professional educators have been studied with the qualitative research method of phenomenology, and in order to conduct the research, 14 organizational experts participated with the interview tool. For data analysis, first the themes were identified and placed in the primary clusters, the primary clusters were further investigated and some of them were merged with each other, a number of themes were transferred from one cluster to another. Found, a number of themes that were synonymous with each other were removed, sub-clusters were formed for themes that are close to each other, and the final themes and clusters were revised by experts (organizational-university) to validate the research results. We're reviewed and the final modifications of the analysis were made on the theme. Based on the results of the research, it was determined; Self-efficacy dimensions of technical and professional trainers, taking into account the dynamic changes in the future of the labor market; including "thinking, research and knowledge-oriented; innovative thinking, entrepreneurship, technology; brain coaching; Systematic thinking; political literacy and critical thinking; digital literacy and media literacy; experimental literacy; environmental literacy and social responsibility; order and time management; Recognizing personality traits, gender and body language. It is hoped that this research can create valuable insights for empowering and improving the skills of trainers of the country's technical and professional organization. For this purpose, strategic suggestions have also been presented.

Effectuation and causation represent two types of decision-making logic of entrepreneurs in the entrepreneurial process. Effectuation emphasizes using available means, controlling the future, flexibility, and identifying potential market opportunities in an uncertain context. Causal logic focuses on formal planning, predicting the future, and competitive analysis. Studies show that new ventures are often sources of innovation. However, such firms are rarely able to invest in costly processes and instead use alternative routes to generate innovation. Firms' innovative actions were carried out using the approaches of effectuation and causation to reduce uncertainty. This research examined how combined interactions of effectuation principles (including experimentation, affordable loss, flexibility, and pre-commitment) and causation lead to business innovation. In this study, the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) and configurations of the dimensions of effectuation and causation related to business innovation were investigated. The research sample included 145 entrepreneurs established in science and technology parks. The results showed eight combinations of causation and dimensions of effectuation that lead to a high level of innovation. Findings revealed that no single condition was necessary for business innovation, and entrepreneurs operating in science and technology parks use effectuation components and causation in complex configurations. Finally, recommendations for future studies were provided.

The purpose of this study is to design the empowerment model for Imam Khomeini Relief Committee Based on Social Entrepreneurship Approach. To achieve this goal, relying on the grounded theory approach, to collect qualitative data through semi-structured interviews with 10 experts, university professors, entrepreneurs and related officials based on the sample method targeted sampling was done until theoretical saturation was reached and then the model of empowering the patients of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) based on the social entrepreneurship approach was presented after going through the stages of open, central and selective coding. Next, in the quantitative section, a questionnaire was designed and completed by 361 people of the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee (RA) throughout the country. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to analyze the data. The research results show that all six hypotheses were confirmed; In other words, conditions have a positive effect on action/interaction, consequences and success. Also, the effect of action/interaction on outcome and success and the effect of outcome on success were confirmed.

The sustainable entrepreneurship requires exploration and exploitation activities with the best results in developed or developing markets. The digitalization of businesses is a window of opportunity that has been opened in entrepreneurial ecosystems and has provided countless benefits to businesses, including interaction with new players, access to extensive knowledge resources, risk reduction and legitimacy for businesses in different levels. In this research, we conducted  a systematic review using the prisma technique and means of scientometric (co-occurrence of words). We searched existing documents available in the Scopus database for a period of 1988 to 2022. We found  612 ducuments (articles, books, etc.) and used bibexclel  1.0.0.0 and VOS viwer 1.6.10.0 software. Based on the analysis of the scientific maps,the model of development of the specific research gap and emerging areas include “ policy, financial resources, netwok and base, support,, skill, knowledge, culture, human resources and market” It is hoped that this research can suggest some valuble intuitions for key elements in the entrepreneurial ecosystem.

The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of developing entrepreneurial behavior in Iran's government organizations, with a focus on the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare.

This study used a mixed method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The qualitative part involved semi-structured interviews with experts and managers of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare, who were selected using snowball sampling purposively method. The content analysis method was used for qualitative data analysis, which continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The quantitative part involved the use of structural equation modeling method with SPSS and SMART PLS software. For the research validity, the method of "Peers Debriefing and Members Checking" has been used in the qualitative part. To check the reliability of the research in the qualitative aspect, the "Inter-coder Agreement (ICA)" method has been used. Cronbach's alpha was used to check the reliability of each item in the quantitative section, and convergent validity and Discriminant validity were used to confirm the validity of the research in this section.

The study found that institutional and legal mechanisms, organizational mechanisms, environmental mechanisms, group and teamwork mechanisms, individual and personality mechanisms, and cultural and belief mechanisms, all played a role in the development of entrepreneurial behavior in government organizations. The findings suggest that the development of entrepreneurial behavior in government organizations requires a combination of these mechanisms.

The study provides insights into the mechanisms that can be used to develop entrepreneurial behavior in Iran's government organizations, with a focus on the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare. The findings may have important implications for policymakers and organizational leaders who seek to foster entrepreneurship in government organizations. The mixed method approach used in this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms that are necessary for developing entrepreneurial behavior in government organizations.

Today, the approach of good urban governance has been able to show its role in improving contemporary urban management.  

The study aims to analyze the performance of the urban management of Hamadan, based on the indicators of good urban governance and to prioritize the indicators that affect the optimal urban governance according to the opinions of citizens.  

In terms of purpose, this research is applied, and descriptive-analytical in terms of its nature and method. The data were obtained through library and a survey using a questionnaire tool. The statistical population is the citizens of Hamadan City and the sample size is estimated to be 384 people based on Cochran's formula. For data analysis, chi-square goodness of fit test and Friedman test were used.

Geographical Context: 

The scope of research in this study is Hamadan City.

The obtained results show that the level of good urban governance in Hamedan is about 46.4% and the average of all indicators of good urban governance with a value of 2.32 is less than the optimal average of 3. Therefore, the urban management of Hamedan is not in an optimal situation with respect to any of the good urban governance indicators.

The ranking of the indicators showed that the indicators of legality, accountability and transparency have the greatest impact on the level of good urban governance in Hamedan. Finally, according to the findings of the research, suggestions have been made to improve the performance of urban management in line with good urban governance.

Entrepreneurs rely on causation, effectuation, and bricolage behaviors to achieve their goals in different situations. Effectuation is a kind of decision-making logic that emphasizes control rather than anticipation. Causation focuses goal setting and planning and foresight. Bricolage is a resource-seeking behavior that allows entrepreneurs to cope with resource constraints. These three behaviors are used simultaneously according to the situation and circumstances. However, in studies researchers focus more on individual level factors and less on environmental factors, context and ecosystem. In fact, research has not paid attention to the interaction of individual, environment, context and ecosystem in entrepreneurial decision making. In this research, as qualitative research use the template-based case-study method in two independent sample groups, twenty interviews were conducted with entrepreneurs located in science and technology parks of Tehran, Sharif and Beheshti universities and Sharif Innovation District. The results showed that entrepreneurs tend to choose different decision approaches due to different access to resources. Entrepreneurs in the parks have more causation behaviors due to the need to comply with the requirements and entrepreneurs in Sharif Innovation District behave more effectuation and bricolage due to less need to follow formal and written rules. Finally, a proposition has been explained.

In the present world, cities have become the main place of economic activity and growth, and the richest cities are those which have developed the permanent birth of the entrepreneurial process. However, urban management has the necessary capacity to provide resources, motivate citizens and lay the groundwork for urban entrepreneurship.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of good urban governance indicators for the development of urban entrepreneurship in Hamedan and also to investigate the correlation between the indicators of good urban governance and urban entrepreneurship in Hamedan.This research is in the category of descriptive researches in terms of applied purpose and method.In order to collect data, two methods of document analysis and survey have been used. The research tool is a questionnaire.Spearman correlation test and structural equation method under smart PLS software were used to analyze the collected data.According to the results of Spearman correlation test, there is a significant relationship between the indicators of good urban governance and urban entrepreneurship with a 95% confidence level. Based on the values of correlation coefficients, urban entrepreneurship has the most relationship with the index of efficiency and effectiveness and the least relationship with the index of strategic perspective.he results of structural equations also showed that the effect of urban governance indicators on urban entrepreneurship in Hamedan is equal to 78%, so governance indicators have a positive and significant effect on urban entrepreneurship in Hamedan.Among the indicators of good urban governance, decentralization, efficiency and effectiveness, rule of law and participation with beta coefficients of 0.81, 0.80, 0.78 and 0.77 have the most impact on urban entrepreneurship in Hamedan, respectively. Therefore, the move of Hamedan urban management towards good urban governance with an entrepreneurial approach can lead to the development of entrepreneurship, employment and reducing unemployment, and ultimately the growth of the urban economy.

Recent economic crises have increasingly proven the role of entrepreneurship in organizations as a driver for the development and survival of organizations, so the development of entrepreneurial behavior in organizations, especially government organizations, is of particular importance. In the present study, which has been done with a qualitative method and content analysis, a model for the development of entrepreneurial behavior in government organizations have been presented. The statistical population of this study, which were selected using snowball sampling purposefully method, are experts and managers of the Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor and Social Welfare. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview, which continued until the theoretical saturation was reached, and this was achieved in the fifteenth interview. Three coding steps (open, axial and selective) with MAXQDA2020 software were performed for data analysis. Based on the research results; "Institutional and legal mechanisms, organizational mechanisms, environmental mechanisms, group and team mechanisms, individual and personality mechanisms" have influenced the development of entrepreneurial behavior in government organizations. In addition, in this study, "obstacles and challenges ahead, backgrounds and prerequisites for the development of entrepreneurial behavior in government organizations, mechanisms for the development of entrepreneurial behavior, drivers of entrepreneurial behavior development (facilitators) in government organizations" were identified. Finally, the consequences of developing entrepreneurial behavior in government organizations, including "new product / service, improving organizational performance, social responsibility of the organization, social and economic value" were identified. Based on the research results, strategic proposals were also presented.

 

In recent years, cooperatives have attracted the attention of researchers as strategic elements to achieve sustainable economic development and greater social cohesion in the context of globalization. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the factors affecting the internationalization of cooperative businesses.

The present research is applied in terms of purpose and uses a qualitative approach through structured grounded theory. The process of studying the phenomenon was discovered based on the analysis of in-depth interviews conducted with 19 directors of active cooperative-oriented businesses with a history of international presence.

The research findings in the form of a paradigm model include: causal conditions (context-oriented, entrepreneur-oriented, network-oriented), contextual conditions (organizational and extra-organizational), and intervening conditions (human, corporate, and institutional barriers), strategies (competitive and customer-oriented) Consequences (reputation and survival). Increasing and improving each component with a plan specific to each of them makes it possible to help the internationalization of cooperatives.Originality/innovation: The results of this research, while strengthening the literature on the internationalization of cooperatives, bring practical achievements to help managers develop the internationalization of cooperatives. It can also guide public policy on export and pave the way for the country's cooperative sector to increase international competitiveness. The innovation of the current research is its comprehensiveness, examining all the influencing factors of internationalization on cooperatives and in terms of the study's target audience to extract all the influential elements in line with the design of the internationalization model of cooperative-oriented businesses.

Concept mapping of employee entrepreneurial behavior in government organizations (Scientometric approach). Attention to entrepreneurship in organization has become increasingly important in recent years. Most researchers have been looking for why and how employee entrepreneurial behavior develops and they acknowledge this is an effective factor in the profitability of organizations. However, researches in this scope, especially in the institutional context of Iran are scattered and limited. This research that has been done with the scientometrics method and as well evaluation techniques and content analysis of documents, intends to examine studies in this area and by arranging research, provide a conceptual and integrated model by using content analysis of documents. Statistical population of this research is all related documentation provided in Scopus database which includes 1726 documents until 2019 and evaluation and illustration have been done with by using bibexcel and VOSviewer. Based on the classification of all documents, Research on "Employee Entrepreneurial Behavior" is divided into the three sections. Dimensions related to individual factors include "Acquisitive and Inherent", dimensions related to organizational factors include "Dynamics, Culture, Supporting, Learning" and dimensions of the consequences include "Organizational entrepreneurship development, improved performance". Finally, based on identified research gaps, suggestions for future research are provided.

In addition to threatening people's health, Covid-19 has inflicted irreparable damage on the world economy and has left most businesses in recession. In this regard, this study aims to provide a crisis management model (Covid-19) for business resilience. The research method is content analysis, and qualitative. In this regard, the challenges of the crisis were first identified at five levels: "regional / political, global, macroeconomic, enterprise and family level." Business policies in the Covid-19 crisis also included "global, supportive policies, Trade, Finance and Monetary Policy”. The components of covid-19 Crisis Management were also identified, including "organizational architecture, organization to respond, business model redesign, skepticism, continuous evaluation, authority, psychological safety, flexible groups and the ability to solve problems quickly." and finally, governing and organizational strategies for resilience of businesses in this crisis were proposed.Based on this, governing strategies include “foresight and scenario building, prioritization, infrastructure activity care, government funding, financing from new routes, identifying vulnerable groups, empowering and developing online industries, providing incentives. Conditions include rewarding demand to moderate demand, creating a culture of participation and building public trust; strengthening, encouraging and cooperating to develop social capital (formal and informal). Organizational solutions also include "supply chains, customers, employees, finance, advertising and marketing, acceptance and accepting reality and adaptability, strengthening R&D and specialized teams, sharing documents and information, identifying leverage points, increasing ambiguity tolerance, empathy." "Solidarity and strengthening the spirit of cooperation, integration and strategic unity and giving ideas, innovation, entrepreneurial and innovative initiatives were also considered.

Municipalities are among the organizations that play an important role in the development of cities and the expansion of civic areas. Today, one of the most important issues for municipalities is creating sustainable sources of income and financing municipal services. Also, one of the biggest problems of the municipality is the reduction of the relative share of sustainable revenues, which will reduce the power of long-term and sustainable planning of this urban institution. In this research, as an applied research, the dynamics of municipal revenues, both stable and unstable, have been investigated using system dynamics. The use of systems dynamics method made it possible to study the causal relationships affecting the issue under study and by modeling the conditions prevailing in municipalities, it was possible to provide solutions to improve the current situation. The simulation results on one of the districts of Tehran Municipality show that with the continuation of the current situation, the share of stable municipal revenues will increase from 5% to only 21% in 1404. This is while the percentage of fulfillment of municipal revenue obligations reaches about 5% in 1404. Based on the simulation results in different scenarios, paying attention to the development of waste recycling infrastructure and focusing on increasing the collection of municipal toll revenues can increase the percentage of sustainable municipal revenues by up to 45%. The proposed model can be used as a basis for decisions of municipal managers to strengthen sustainable revenue sources and reduce costs.

The agricultural sector is one of the fields in which the IoT is widely used. In order to use the IoT more effectively in agriculture, it is necessary to pay attention to the factors that make farmers tend to use it. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the constructs affecting the willingness to IoT by early adopter farmers in Tehran Province. This research is a descriptive survey and in terms of the purpose of the research it is considered an applied study. The statistical population was all early adopter farmers in Tehran province who were selected and introduced by the Ministry of Jihad Agriculture. The statistical population was 500 farmers and 221 cases were selected by simple random sampling. The sample size was calculated using the Cochran's formula. Respondents were also surveyed using a researcher-made questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Face, content, and construct (convergent and divergent) validity indices were used to assess the validity of the research tool. It is worth mentioning that the reliability of the instrument was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Composite reliability indices. In this study, the variables perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, social influence, perceived enjoyment, and perceived behavioral control were supposed to be the main influencing variables on the willingness to use the IoT. The convergent validity of the research variables, confirms the convergent validity of the questionnaire. In order to determine the reliability of the questionnaire, pilot study and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used. Alpha coefficients of the research variables, demonstrate the acceptability of the reliability for the research tool. The results also revealed that the effects of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust, social influence, and perceived behavioral control on the willingness to use IoT were significant. It is also worth mentioning that the effect of trust on the perceived usefulness of IoT was approved.

Geography is the link between humans and the environment, and the balance between the two will lead to the stability of the environment. Tourism operates within the framework of a special spatial model, which is one of these spatial models of sustainable tourism. The development of the tourism industry, especially in less developed countries, is an effective factor in combating poverty and increases the incomes of different groups, reduces unemployment and economic prosperity, and thus improves the quality of life of people and increases social welfare. Tourism is not only considered as a potential tool to solve some problems in rural areas, but also as an integral element of rural development strategy. The village, the first permanent human settlement, the place of activities Agriculture and the work environment, effort, production and other efforts of human productivity of the land.Rural development is a multidimensional phenomenon that today requires policy to focus on the development of innovative ideas and projects It is a business initiative in rural areasRural tourism is one of the types of tourism that is associated with many other patterns of tourism, but its characteristic feature is the establishment in rural areas and its expansion has led to the introduction of modern methods of agriculture in rural areas and a very important source for skilled labor , Especially poor rural women and immigrants in the field of tourism and agriculture. Meanwhile, agri tourism, as a type of rural tourism, with significant effects on local motivation and economy, opportunities for diversification of activities, ultimately leads to increased public awareness. In terms of the importance of agriculture in improving life and also plays an important role in the sustainable development of agriculture in rural and urban areas.Therefore, agricultural tourism (agrotourism or agrotourism) has often been proposed as a sustainable development option to revive the rural economy and diversify income sources . By examining the potential of agricultural and tourism activities By combining these two elements under the title of agricultural tourism, it can be presented in line with the theory of sustainable tourism and a new strategy for the development of rural areas, which can be a factor for sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas,be in different villages.. At present, tourism is one of the largest and most diverse industries in the world and its rapid growth has led to many social, economic and environmental changes. Rural tourism is an effective tool that leads to increased productivity and efficiency of human resources, prevention Their migration in order to create new job opportunities, the interaction of cultures and rural development. Agri tourism as a subset of rural tourism is a strategy for rural development and reduces the problems of rural communities such as unemployment, low agricultural productivity, migration. Increasingly, cities and suburbs, especially in arid and semi-desert areas such as villages in Yazd province The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the development of rural entrepreneurship affected by agricultural tourism in the index villages and the purpose of tourism in Yazd province Which can be a factor for sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. From the perspective of agriculture, agricultural tourism means expanding farm operations, using agricultural products in new and innovative ways, improving the flow of farm income and The development of new consumer markets is known. As a result, awareness of local agricultural products and the importance of preserving agricultural land through agri tourism increases.. , Local experts, villagers and managers of tourism industry using Cochran sampling method from among the residents of 30 key villages of Yazd province, the main research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by university professors in the field of tourism and its reliability was based on alpha coefficient.Cornbach 783 /. Was obtained. Data analysis was performed using Smart PLS2.0 and Spss22 software and the research results were presented using a one-sample t-test and structural equation modeling. Economic, social and cultural development indicate that the findings show that variables such as village, tourist, farmer or garden are among the primary drivers (pillars) of agricultural tourism and despite these four pillars of agricultural tourism has become meaningful And the research results indicate that variables such as structures, government support, tourists' motivation,cultural and their education with the focus on agricultural tourism are factors in rural development with effective results (economic and social and cultural growth and , development and development of work culture and entrepreneurship).

Startup businesses are being considered in a new approach to the new economy. The proper ecosystem for the formation and development of start-up work consists of a set of edges and edges that depend on the growth and improvement of the nascent business conditions. the main purpose of this research is the design of the conceptual model of smart transportation businesses. accordingly, the methodology of this research is applicable in terms of purpose, practical, and in terms of a qualitative approach using content analysis. the method of data collection has been semi-structured.for extracting, analysis, and incorporation of concepts from the coding method. finally, the findings were analyzed and compared in three alternative dimensions, axial and Open source classification. the statistical population of this research is experts and specialists and policymakers of smart transportation and university professors and researchers. according to the results of interviews, seven alternatives and 52 pivotal were identified that alternative codes are: rules and policies of governance and leadership, creation of support and institutional platforms, development of human capital, financial strategies, and financing, market, cultural strategies, and developing smart technologies.

The aim of this study is to conceptualize networking in home-based businesses based on agricultural products with a qualitative approach. For this purpose, 31 experts were interviewed, including university professors, agricultural jihad experts, business experts and business owners in guilds, until saturation was achieved,which was analyzed using MAXQDA software and 195 open codes from Interview texts were extracted and categorized into 23 main codes. The results showed that networking in home-based businesses in 8 components including key activities, healthy product processing, Recognize the competitor , product advertising and sales channels, material and spiritual supporters, customerism, Key participation and Suggested values of conceptualization and indicators of each component were identified Therefore, it is expected that the conceptualization of networking as core values in the scientific part has made a significant contribution to the development of theoretical foundations and provide a new path, and in the practical part in exploiting the target market in the field of home-based businesses in general and To be particularly effective in the processing of agricultural products part in Iran and to provide a significant contribution to business owners in this field.

The purpose of the study is to present the future research path of the “startup ecosystems" based on the extracted data from the Scopus database during 1988-2019.

This research is a type of applied scientometric research that has been done in a mixed (quantitative-qualitative) way and with the methods of co-occurrence analysis, co-lexical analysis and content analysis. Bibexcel and VOS viewer software were used to draw up required maps. The research population consists of 454 degrees (including articles, books, etc.) in the field of "Startup Business Ecosystem".

The findings from the survey show that numerous research pathways are aimed at providing insight into the development of startup business ecosystems practices the exponential growth of the certification process in the field has increased more than 58 % since 2015. Density and vocabulary dispersion and word co-occurrence analysis of the network can also be expressed in the area of "startup ecosystem ", which has the greatest attention in this area.

Conclustion:

 This research shows five pathways for future research: key components of the startup business ecosystem, macro factors, investment, background and environmental factors, organizational and managerial factors.

Effectiveness and causality as two fundamental decision logics of growing research areas in the field of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of causality and dimensions of effectiveness (experimentation, tolerable losses, flexibility and pre-commitment) on business performance with a fuzzy approach. In this study, in addition to causally examining the necessary and sufficient conditions in the formation of business performance, effective combinations of causality and dimensions of effectiveness in the formation of business performance have been investigated. This research is applied from the perspective of the purpose and the data are collected by descriptive-correlation method. The statistical population of the study, according to the statistics of Tehran Computer Guild Organization, includes 170 startup businesses in Tehran that have been operating for three years. Based on Cochran's formula, a statistical sample of 118 was calculated, 120 samples were collected by random sampling method and analyzed by fsQCA3 and SPSS24 software. According to the findings, among the various causes and dimensions of effectiveness, one dimension is a necessary condition and five dimensions are sufficient conditions for business performance. Finally, two types of complex and complex causal pathways were identified, each of which introduced four different combinations of causation and effect-making dimensions in the direction of business performance.