فهرست مطالب غلامرضا جندقی

Job dissatisfaction among medical staff slows down the recovery process, prolongs the patient's stay in the hospital, increases costs, and ultimately dissatisfaction among users of these services. One of the most important factors affecting job satisfaction is effective leadership. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide an effective leadership model to increase the job satisfaction of medical staff. The research is developmental in terms of purpose and descriptive-exploratory in terms of the type of method. The research strategy of data foundation theory is based on Glaser's apparent approach. Participants in the study included managers, supervisors, and supervisors of public and private hospitals, which was conducted with semi-structured interviews with 13 people with theoretical saturation logic. The method of data analysis was open, selective, and theoretical coding. Findings indicate that 6 main categories: personal characteristics, interpersonal characteristics, follower growth, proper use of tools, organizational factors, and environmental factors are the components of effective leadership in selected hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services.

Artificial Intelligence, as one of the most powerful new technologies, is changing processes and organizational decision-making methods. The use of artificial intelligence could fundamentally alter the conventional decision-making methods of today. The purpose of this research is to identify the drivers that affect decision-making with the help of artificial intelligence in organizations.

This study uses a qualitative and field approach. Data were collected through library resources and interviews with twenty-nine experts in the fields of technology, artificial intelligence, and organizational sciences. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key themes and influential drivers.

The data analysis led to the identification of six overarching themes and seventeen organizing themes. The basic themes include the acceptance of artificial intelligence, technological advancement, the capability to employ artificial intelligence and its limitations, industry requirements, and the extent of artificial intelligence penetration in organizations. Also, seventeen organizing themes have been identified, which are in fact influential drivers.

The results show that two categories of drivers, one related to the external environment and the other to the organization itself, are influential in decision-making in organizations with the help of artificial intelligence. These drivers demonstrate the importance of interaction between technology, organizational culture, and industrial and environmental conditions.

Increasing concerns about energy and greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel consumption have encouraged many researchers to be involved in developing sources of renewable energies. Biodiesel derived from biomass can play a crucial role in this context. The main objective of this paper is to present a mathematical programming model for the biomass supply chain.

Researcher through library research and preparing a questionnaire to estimate parameters and data associated with the uncertainty of parameters and then through interviews, expert opinions about the limits and changes to the decision-making parameters have collected. Then a fuzzy multi-objective mixed integer programming model is presented that model to minimize costs, minimize environmental impact and minimize the time of delivery of product in Biodiesel Supply Chain.

After running the model, increasing objective function is to minimize the total cost, minimize environmental impact and minimizing the time the product reaches the customer contact temperature limits for different values were obtained.

In this study, the proposed mathematical programming model is solved with the MOPSO algorithm. The results indicate the location and capacity of the facility, the amount of biodegradable and glycerin production, and the amount of extracted Jatropha oil and refined waste oils.

Supply chain network design is one of the most important issues in supply chain management. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to design a closed loop supply chain network in conditions of uncertainty and solve it using meta-heuristic algorithms.

This research is of applied kind. In this research, field and library study methods were used to collect information. Considering the selection of the tire industry as the under study industry for designing the proposed supply chain network, in this study, using field research, the required data from Kian Tire, Iran Tire, Dena Tire, Barez Tire, Kavir Tire, Yazd Tire, Artaville Tire and Pars Tire were collected and used to solve the model.

The modeling of this chain is done based on environmental considerations, minimizing the total cost of the chain and maximizing the response to customer demand. Finally, this model is solved using NRGA and NSGAII meta-heuristic algorithms and the obtained results are compared with each other. Also for credit evaluation suggested model using limitation epsilon method has been implemented in the GAMS software too.

In this research, the design of closed-loop supply chain network in conditions of uncertainty and its solution using meta-heuristic algorithms is considered and based on the research results, executive proposals were presented.

New organizational structures have changed rapidly, and progressive ladders have become short and flat, so human resources in the organization have faced various threats, including the career plateau. Lack of attention to ethical criteria as a double factor in the management process can be one of the causes of career plateau. Therefore, the present study attempted to design and explain the career plateau model with emphasis on the role of ethical factors.

The research method was mixed. In the qualitative part, the Grounded Theory methodology was used. The statistical population consisted of 11 human resources experts (university professors, consultants, and senior managers) from Tehran University of Medical Sciences who were selected by snowball sampling. The data collection tool was in-depth and unstructured interviews. The coding method was used to analyze the data and obtain a conceptual research model. In the quantitative part, the method was a descriptive correlation. The statistical population consisted of 338 operational managers and employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, who were selected by stratified random sampling proportional to the sample size. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

Qualitative findings led to the identification of 13 main categories in the structure of the paradigm model. The category of employees' disappointment in job promotion was chosen as the central category and a model was designed and presented to describe the career plateau including causal conditions, background conditions, intervening factors, strategies, and its consequences. In the quantitative part, structural equation modeling analyses supported the suitability of the proposed model with the data.

The results indicate that the establishment of the system of meritocracy and merit selection, justice and fairness, dissemination of ethical context in the workplace, and the use of empowerment programs lead to the reduction of career plateau and ultimately increase productivity and effectiveness of the organization.

The main objective of this research is to determine the key drivers for the sustainable development of machine carpet industry and to determine the scenarios for the future of sustainable development of Iranian carpet industry.

In this research, using two methods of structural analysis and scenario analysis, first, identifying the key factors affecting the sustainable development of Iran's machine carpet industry and then developing future scenarios. Subsequently, using one of the soft opreation research tools that include soft systems methodology, these scenarios will become better. Initial research data were collected using interviews with Iranian carpet managers and experts and reviewing the literature and the background of the research. The data were analyzed through a questionnaire of expert opinion and using Mic-Mac software.

Among the 34 key factors extracted, by reviewing the literature and interviewing the experts, key factors entered the checklist questionnaire, and the 16 key factors, according to their assumptions related to them at 0.05, were selected according to experts' opinion.

 Based on the results of the research, two factors of Business conditions and weakness in design were considered as influential variables in the sustainable development of Iran's machine carpet industry and finally, four scenarios of blossoming, lazy actors, disasters and the unpredictable world were presented.

The purpose of this study was to help the field of leadership by providing a framework for forgiveness-based leadership in teaching hospitals in Sari. The exploratory mixed research approach was used to conduct the research. The research community in the qualitative sector includes all experts and managers who are present in one of the areas of management of the health network and hospitals in Sari; Twenty experts were interviewed using purposive sampling. The statistical population in the quantitative study was all managers and staff of hospitals in Sari that 206 people participated in this study as a sample. The research tools were semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The results showed that leadership behaviors, development of Islamic moral values, development of leadership and development of leadership and management skills are considered as reasons that play an active role in forgiveness-based leadership in the hospital. Also, the consequences of forgiveness-based leadership for the hospital are: 1- Organizational "leadership development, competitiveness and innovation, organizational maturity, organizational trust, justice and ethics". And 2- individual "employee satisfaction and peace, employee loyalty, moral virtues, altruism, motivation and personal development and self-fulfillment".

According to many experts and researchers expression, a supply chain with a high level of risk cannot be effective in achieving the goals of organization. The growth of environmental hazards and the destructive impact of productive activities on this area also increase the importance of addressing the issue of risk management in the supply chain, which is known as the sustainable supply chain. The main purpose of this study is to design a framework for assessing sustainable supply chain risk.

In this study, by studying the theoretical foundations and reviewing the research literature, a basic framework of dimensions and criteria for risk assessment of sustainable supply chain has been achieved. The case study of this research has been done on the supply chain of 5 car manufacturing companies. Then, using Best and Worst Method technique, the final hierarchical structure for risk assessment criteria is obtained and using Graph Theory and Matrix Approach technique, the results of risk assessment of supply chain of five companies from the perspective of sustainability are obtained.

The research results show that the ranking of companies has been determined from the perspective of the sustainable supply chain’s risk level that SAIPA Diesel Company has the highest rating.

Due to the use of a comprehensive framework, this research incorporates a combination of quantitative and qualitative metrics of risk assessment of the automotive sustainable supply chain and, unlike many studies, is not limited to one stage of the supply chain and covers all stages of the supply chain. This framework can be used to evaluate different parts of the automotive supply chain (primary suppliers, manufacturing companies, distributors and retailers) and measure their risk from the sustainability perspective.

competitive advantages for competitiveness, the use of technological cooperation is considered as an effective tool for developing competitive advantage and eliminating the gap between existing and desired capabilities. In this article, an attempt was made to design a model to explain the ethical considerations that play a key role in the effective transfer and establishment of stable relations between the parties. 

The present study is a descriptive-survey method with a qualitative approach. The statistical population of the research includes expert experts and academics and industrialists. The statistical sample is 10 experts. The sampling method is purposeful non-random using the snowball technique. Document analysis and interview tools have been used to collect data. The data has been analyzed and evaluated using thematic analysis method.

According to the initial model, derived from the study of related articles and then its development based on the findings of the interviews conducted with experts and the coding of the research findings, four dimensions including social-cultural, political-legal, health-environmental and economic development dimensions as the main dimensions of the model. Ethics in technology transfer identified.   

In order to create stable relations between the parties of technology transfer and effective transfer, companies and institutions that intend to transfer technology should consider the above dimensions and related components in transfer projects.

Abstract
Social innovation as a new paradigm in the field of innovation creates social value, promotes greater welfare and develops capacities and capabilities and solves social challenges and social organizations are one of the most effective actors in creating social innovation. The main purpose of this study is to present the model of creating social innovation and its antecedents and consequences in the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation as an innovative social organization. The present research is developmental-applied in term of purpose and its strategy is classical grounded theory. In this research, by snowball sampling method, 16 semi-structured interviews with experienced and expert individuals in the plans and processes of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation were conducted. Data analysis was performed in the form of open coding, selective coding and theoretical coding with about 150 primary codes in qualitative data analysis software, Atlas.ti 8. Finally, the model of creating social innovation in Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation was identified with three major categories such as environmental facilitators of social innovation, creation of social innovation and social development and with the focus on the category of social innovation creation.

The concept of social innovation is a new paradigm that has emerged in the field of innovation and although it has attracted the attention of many researchers, but its conceptualization has not yet reached maturity and theorizing continues in this field. Due to the importance of this concept in solving social problems and issues, valuable research (Mobini & Keshtkar, 2015, 2016; keshtkar, 2017, 2018; Keshtkar & Dehghan, 2018; Sadabadi, Pourezzat,  Ghaneeirad, Mokhtarzadeh, & Elyasi., 2016; Roohollahi,  Tabatabaeiyan, Manteghi, & Bamdad Sufi., 2018; keshtkar & Pourmazaheri, 2019; Chitsazian & Sadeghikia,  2019; Jandaghi, Zareimatin, Tahmasebi, & afrouznia., 2020; Sadabadi & Rahimi, 2020; Sadabadi, Aramipour, & Fartash., 2021)has been done in Iran, which requires more attention from interested researchers in this field. The Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation as a social organization that has carried out innovative and valuable activities in the field of deprivation relief and poverty alleviation, according to the definitions from Social innovation of Mulgan (2006: 146) and Phills, Deiglmeier and Miller (39: 2008) can be considered an innovative social organization. Therefore, in this research, on the one hand, using the innovative experiences of Imam Khomeini Relief foundation, a model is presented for creating social innovation and its antecedents and consequences in a social organization, and on the other hand, according to the research model, Suggestions provided for promoting social innovation in the Imam Khomeini Relief foundation.
Theoretical framework
Research on social innovation has grown over the past forty years, but studies of social innovation have not matured, and the understanding of social innovation is ambiguous and its conceptualization continues (Voorberg, Bekkers, Tummer, 2015, p. 1333; CajaibaSantana, 2014, p. 45; Pol & Ville, 2009, p.878).
In this study, social innovation refers to innovative activities and services that are motivated to respond to a social need and are disseminated through organizations whose primary goals are social (Mulgan, 2006, p. 146) or a new solution to a social problem that is more effective and efficient than existing solutions, and the value created belongs primarily to society as a whole, rather than to specific individuals. Social innovation can either emerge as a product, a production process, or a technology, and it can be a source, an idea, a rule of law, a social movement, or a social intervention, or a combination of these (Phills et al., 2008, p. 39 ).

The present study is developmental-applied in terms of purpose and research strategy is classic Grounded Theory (Glaser& Strauss, 1967). In this study, has been done 16 semi-structured interviews with experts on the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation's plans and processes by the method of snowball sampling, along with related documents were reviewed. Data analysis was performed with more than 150 initial codes in "Atlas.ti 8" software.
 
Discussion and

The main category in the research model is the creation of social innovation that can be emerged with two factors: unmet needs and the presence of social innovators with special characteristics. Creating social innovation by social organizations such as the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in society can help improve the quality of life, increase social security, promote social justice and gain public trust and increase social capital, and ultimately lead to the promotion of social development. On the one hand, social development strengthens the environmental facilitators of social innovation, and on the other hand, the environmental facilitators of social innovation provide the grounds for the emergence of social innovation in society and social organizations. Because human needs never end and new needs and challenges constantly arise in the evolution of needs, and consequently, social development is also promoted and never reaches its end, the cycle of creating social innovation is a dynamic process and is always ongoing.

Social organization is one of the most important social actors for creating social innovation that can play an effective role in solving social challenges. In this research, the model of creating social innovation and its precedents and consequences were presented in the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation as an innovative social organization and Based on the classic grounded theory, three major categories of research model were identified, which are the creation of social innovation, environmental facilitators of social innovation and social development.

In recent years, social innovations have attracted the attention of researchers on the subject of creating social value and solving social challenges. Social organizations are one of the most important contexts for social innovation that recognizing their obstacles and challenges is essential for their effective presence in the field of social innovation. The main purpose of this study is to identify the challenges influencing social innovation in Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation as a social organization. Hence, the purpose of this research is development-applied and its research method is thematic analysis. The participants of this study are experienced experts in Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation, which has been done 16 semi-structured interviews by combining purposive sampling and snowball sampling methods. In data analysis, 166 basic themes and 24 organizing themes were extracted, and finally, eight comprehensive themes were identified. These comprehensive themes were: "economic, political, cultural, social, structural, legal, organizational and cognitive challenges influencing social innovation". The findings of the study can help to achieve the excellent goals of the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in empowering and self-reliance of the needy and expand the discourse of social innovation among the social organizations.

Private label brands are also known as store brands or retail brands. At present, these brands include almost all product categories. They have many benefits for both retailers and consumers. Private brands offer consumers relatively high quality products and very attractive prices. On the other hand, they play a significant role in building consumer loyalty to retailers. As a result, private label brands have become one of the key factors in the success of retailers around the world. The success of private label brands is influenced by many factors, which leads to the purchase intention of private label brands. As a result, in order for retailers to succeed in the field of private label brands, it seems necessary to study these factors. The aim of this study is, thus, to investigate the effect of store image and service quality on private label brands image and purchase intention in ETKA chain stores. The present study is a descriptive survey in terms of data collection from the statistical population. It has a practical purpose because managers can use the results in their decisions. The statistical population of the research is the customers of ETKA chain stores. The available sampling method was used to select the respondents. A questionnaire was designed based on previous studies, and the responses were made in a range of seven Likert options. To collect the data, 420 questionnaires were distributed among the customers of ETKA chain stores in Tehran in 2014. A total of 390 questionnaires were completed and usable. Out of 38 questionnaire questions, 4 questions were related to demographic characteristics, and the other questions related to the measured variables. The demographic characteristics of the sample were analyzed using the SPSS software, and structural equation modeling by the Amos 18 software was used to test the hypotheses and investigate the factor loads and the overall fit of the research model. In structural equation modeling, the model fit and the significance of the relationships were examined. The suitable fit indicators of the model included NFI, CFI, AGFI, GFI, RMSEA, and Cmin/ Df. Cronbach's alpha method was also used to calculate the reliability coefficient. The calculated Cronbach's alpha value of all the variables in this study was 0.785, which is a good value. The cronbach's alpha values for the store image, service quality, private brand image, perceived value, perceived risk and intention to buy private brand were found to be 0.824, 0.897, 0.743, 0.708, 0.741, and 0.854, respectively. According to the results obtained from the data analysis, the indirect effect of store image on the purchase intention for a private label brand is significant. On the other hand, because of the significance of such relationships as store image-brand image, brand image-purchase intention, store image-perceived risk, and perceived risk-purchase intention, it can be concluded that the variables of private brand image and perceived risk have a mediating role in the relationship between the store image and the purchase intention of private label brands. Marketing managers can use private label brands as a strategic tool in chain stores. This research provides important and practical insights for retailers that offer private label brand products. According to the research results, a retailer can develop strategies based on store image and service quality in order to improve the image of the private label brand for the consumers and to increase consumers' desire to purchase more private label brand products. Focusing on store image features can make a difference in the retail markets' competitive value. Retail managers, especially in chain stores, should be aware that the store image does not always directly increase the purchase intention. Therefore, store image improvement programs should be accompanied by strategies to reduce the perceived risk of consumers towards private label brands and improve the brand image. Consumers' perceived mental image of the private label brands also plays an important role in deciding to buy private label branded products. Marketing managers can reduce financial risks with the good pricing of private label brand products and provide products with good quality and reliable performance to reduce the performance risks. This, in turn, can increase consumers' purchase intention of private label brand products. Store managers can also increase the consumer’s purchase by improving the service quality and the perceived consumer value. The perceived value leads to the purchase intention for private label brands, so the activities of the store should be such that customers feel that, if they buy from this store, they will benefit more than in other stores.

As Fintech is an emerging and growing industry in the world and consequently in the country, it faces various economic, political, cultural and social challenges in its development path, some of which are related to country’s economic and technological laws and regulations. Therefore, the present article has been written with the aim of reviewing and introducing the challenges of upstream documents in relation to the fintech industry. The research strategy of this paper is thematic analysis during which by studying the relevant documents and coding the selected clauses, the opportunities and threats of individual documents in relation to each of the ecological dimensions of the country's finitech industry have been identified and after presentation, have been approved by the elites. The findings of this study indicate the dominance of the restrictive and binding spirit over the laws and regulaions which is somehow acceptable given the industry’s newness in the country, but in the future, it is necessary for these documents to be more encouraging and motivating for businesses and entrepreneurs to ease their entry to the market. Also, according to the analysis, legislation and regulation has not grown in a balanced way in all dimensions of Fintech industry, while most of the existing laws concerns with the payment businesses and other Fintech areas has been neglected so far. Also, in addition to not covering all areas and dimensions of the monetary and financial technologies ecosystem, existing documents face serious challenges in issues such as determining the scope of responsibilities and powers of the central bank, risk coverage of users and investors, transparency and standardization of information flow in Fintech ecosystem, creating a balance between facilitating the replacement of financial technologists with traditional institutions such as banks, stock exchange investment companies and insurance, and other issues that are highly contribute to stabilization and development of this emerging ecosystem.

Energy management and efficiency is one of the strategic policies of countries in supplying the required energy, responding to energy demand and addressing their environmental challenges and concerns. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the policy of optimizing the production and consumption of energy carriers in Sarcheshmeh copper complex.

The present study has an exploratory approach in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study includes copper industry experts in three categories of managers, heads and supervisors. Snowball sampling method was used to collect the sample and it was done until the theoretical saturation was reached. The number of statistical samples was 75 people. Research data were collected using semi-structured interviews. In this research, the qualitative method of content analysis (theme) and Atlas software (8) have been used.

The research findings are presented in the form of a conceptual model for the factors affecting the optimization of energy consumption in Sarcheshmeh National Copper Company. This model includes 7 areas of environmental factors, production factors; Structural factors; Content_behavioral factors; Energy Management; Network energy efficiency and energy efficiency.

The results of the study showed that; All areas of conceptual model, accelerating and facilitating factors, and barriers and limitations of energy consumption optimization are classified according to the conceptual model of energy management in May et al. (2016).

Green marketing is one of the key issues being implemented around the world in the last decade, especially in developed countries. Whereas, this type of marketing in developing countries, faces obstacles. Herbal medicines are not exception to this rule and the medicine's marketing is one of the troubles of marketers. Thus the purpose of this research is to study and classify the barriers and impediments of green marketing on the usage of herbal medicine. The people in the study has composed from the doctors of traditional medicine, grocery and experts in herbal medicine in Qom province. 66 questions were reviewed with expert teachers in the fields of cultivation, production and marketing of medicinal plants, Finally by using Cronbach alpha coefficient (upper than0/9) and T-test and Friedman ranking in SPSS software, we found that organizational barriers are more important than social and governmental barriers. Along the organization aspects, producer's motivation has the highest rank, after that the high production cost and the lack of specialists is the second and third for many and similar competitors, and the lack of equipment is the forth.

 Today’s businesses are facing numerous uncertainties. So far, many solutions have been studied to encounter these uncertainties. This article aims to introduce a new typology of business strategies to deal with uncertainty, which is based on previous researches. Accordingly, after a multistep process, 87 valid and relevant articles, published in reliable international journals, were chosen. The qualitative data were excavated from these articles and were analyzed with thematic analysis approach. As a result, 203 solutions to deal with business uncertainties, were coded. By combining these codes, 29 organizing themes were devised. Finally, the combination of organizing themes led to four business strategies to deal with uncertainty including anticipation, adaptation, acceptance, and moderation. By considering the results of this article, managers and counselors are able to identify suitable strategies to encounter their own business uncertainties. Moreover, the organizing themes of this article pave the way for the implementation of the strategies.

The increasing importance and role of statistics and information as a prerequisite of all decision-making, policy-making and planning activities is evident for everyone. This role in the information age is so obvious that managing countries without sufficient, accurate, and timely need statistics will not be possible. Since all members of a society in any social role, in one way or another, statistical activities so paying due attention to public values is essential for establishing an efficient and effective system for producing and publishing/disseminating statistics. Therefore, designing and explaining a model for creating an agile supply chain for official statistics in the country, based on the public values approach seems also necessary.The present study applies a mixed approach in which the qualitative part of the research is based on the Systematic Plan Grounded Theory and in the quantitative part, the Structural Equation Modeling Approach is used to prove the designed model. The statistical population of the study in the qualitative part, was composed of the experts of the Iranian National Statistical System (INSS) and in the quantitative part, the population of the study was all management levels of the INSS. In this study, the conceptual model was conceptualized into21 sub-categories and 6 main categories. Moreover, in the quantitative part, in order to confirm the conceptual model of the research using a researcher-made questionnaire, 143 questionnaires were distributed collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling technique. The results of the study show that by fitting 0.531 for GOF, the fitting of the model was appropriate and consequently the validity of research model is confirmed.

Banks and financial institutions strive to develop and improve their credit risk evaluation methods to reduce financial loss resulting from borrowers’ financial default. Although in previous studies, many variables obtained from financial statements – such as financial ratios – have been used as the input to the bankruptcy prediction process, seldom a machine learning method based on computing intelligence has been applied to select the most critical of them. In this research, the data from companies that are were listed in Tehran’s Stock Exchange and OTC market during 26 years since 1992 to 2017 has been investigated, with 218 companies selected as the study sample. The ant colony optimization algorithm with k-nearest neighbor has been used to feature the selection and classification of the companies. In this study, the problem of the imbalanced dataset has been solved with the under-sampling technique. The results have shown that variables such as EBIT to total sales, equity ratio, current ratio, cash ratio, and debt ratio are the most effective factors in predicting the health status of companies. The accuracy of final research model is estimated that the bankruptcy prediction ranges between 75.5% to 78.7% for the training and testing sample.

English One of the problems the insurance industry faces is a failure in innovation. An approach to solve this problem is to allow individuals to participate and create ideas, and consequently innovation. Social media is an example of tools that, under the crowdsourcing models can enable individuals to participate and interact in creating ideas. moreover, this issue demands innovation in the entire current processes of this eighty-year-old industry. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to identify institutional components, the players and the key components that are necessary for stablishing a system of idea crowdsourcing in this industry. This paper applied a case study in the commercial insurance industry and analyzed its content qualitatively. The results revealed that, eight kinds of formal institutions should be established and the formation of a new five teams of players is necessary, furthermore the need for the presence of eight key components is identified.

Economical Transparency can be determined for governments through Corruption Perception Index (CPI). In this research with studying Iran and Singapore, has been tried to find appropriate Governance Model and its related policies for achieving success in improving government economic transparency. Based on this aim, the researcher interviewed with 13 political and policy experts which is complementary with analyzed formal documents. The research methodology is case study with descriptive-qualitative content analysis technique. For checking dependability and confirmability, research process and results have been reviewed and confirmed by 5 experts. Also according to our calculations, test-retest reliability was 0.84 and Cohen’s Kappa was 0.78 that make us trust to the results. According to the results, the best governance model for government economic transparency is “network governance” with 9 categories and 24 subcategories of policies.

The goal of this study is to investigate the complexity of financial instruments and explains their effects on judgment and decision making process for users of the financial statement in the Framework of Cognitive Load Theory (CLT). For this purpose, we conduct a 2 × 2 × 2 within-between experiment design with investors as participants. In this study, independent variables of presentation method (disaggregation versus aggregation), disclosure method (quantitative and qualitative versus quantitative) and measurement value (amortized cost versus amortized cost with fair values) have been manipulated and their effects on the dependent variables of the amount of information received, the amount of mental effort and judgment of the participants have been evaluated. Data analysis of research by comparing the mean of groups and statistical tests of Wilcoxon paired and Mann-Whitney shows that, when the quantitative and the qualitative information about the vulnerability of financial instruments to the risks exposed with them is disclosed and their values are measured at amortized cost in the financial statements, participants achieve more information and spend less mental effort for processing of the information. Also, different scenarios of disclosure and measurement value lead to significant differences in the participants' judgment. The research results shows that, the method of disclosure of information and measurement values to measure the value of financial instruments can affect the cognitive and judgmental components of users. However, the effects of the disaggregation or aggregation presentation of the components related to financial instruments on the above components have not verified.

Understanding management theories – especially in the human resource management arena – is not possible without taking into account the cultural contexts that have affected their formation. Since making the human resource management system effective is possible through the creation and development of the optimal organizational culture (which is derived from the environmental conditions and organizational missions), the attainment of effective human resource functions is in need of strategies that bridge the organizational culture and the human resource functions. To this end, we used Denison’s organizational culture model and Bamberger and Meshoulam’s human resource strategies model that aim at organizational effectiveness. Accordingly, this study adapted the input, maintenance, and output human resource systems to a certain organizational culture in line with the consideration of the existing policies and rules in the Iranian official system. The written data and expert opinion were obtained using the questionnaire and interview instruments and were then analyzed. After the identification of the existing legal backgrounds, the executive model of the effective human resource management based on organizational culture was developed. Moreover, the obstacles against it were disclosed. In order to enhance the organizational effectiveness in the three layers of the different organizational cultures in Denison’s model, different human resource management strategies have been examined and the related challenges in the public sector have been discussed.

Point of Purchas advertising is an effective trigger on the buying consumer behavior in the store. Point of purchase (POP) is an opportunity for engaging customer and creating communication with them. From customer perspective, at the POP there are several products from different producers, therefor brand equity plus POP Ads can determine significant effect on intention of purchase. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of point of purchase advertising on the consumer purchase intentions by moderating of brand equity.

Metodology:

 The population is the customers of Ofogh Koorosh Chain store in Arak. The sampling method is convenience sampling and sample size is 206 customers. The research strategy is Survey and questionnaire was used to collect data.

To analyze data and test hypotheses SmartPLS3.2 and SPSS19 was used.

Conclution: 

The results show that POP Ads has a significant and positive effect on purchase intention and brand equity mediate the relationship between POP Ads and Purchase intention. It implies that the company with high brand equity use POP Ads to increase the purchase intention of customers.

A great amount of potential financial losses arise from borrowers’ abstaining from refunding their debts calls and the development and improvement of credit risk measurement techniques in the financial literature in order to decrease such losses has transformed into an intevitable subject. The purpose of bankruptcy forecasting models is to estimate the probability of a company or a person’s abstaining during a certain period of time. This research used the data gathered from a sample of 218 active companies in Tehran Stock Exchange Market as well as Over-The-Counter for the period between 1990 and 2016. Moreover, ants’ colony algorithm was used to determine the most effective factors of credit risk and also pattern recognition neural network technique was applied to classify and evaluate the precision of bankruptcy forecasts. As a result, such ratios as profit before interests and taxes to total sale; total benefits of shareholders to debts; and current ratio, cash ratio and shareholders’ benefits ratio to total assets are the most effective factors. Finally, the presented model which employs data belonging to one, two and three years before the intended year is able to forecast the credit condition of companies with higher precision as compared to the average precision of current models.