غلامرضا خاتمی نیا

Psychosocial improvements of successful strabismus surgery have been reported in previous studies. But the effect of strabismus surgery on the emotional intelligence of patients is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of strabismus surgery on emotional quotient in patients referring to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz.

This prospective interventional study conducted on patients underwent strabismus surgery in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz during May 2021 to March 2022. A total of 38 patients between 8-37 years were included. Patients with previous surgery were excluded. All subjects were evaluated before and three months after successful strabismus surgery. Three months post-surgery the improvement of emotional quotient, self-esteem, body image, social anxiety and social avoidance were evaluated and compared with previous surgery. All data were analyzed by SPSS (V25). P-Value less than 0.05 was considered as significant level.

38 subjects including 18 males (47.4%) and 20 females (52.6%) were included. The mean age of patients was 18.11±9.33 years old. Our results showed that compared with before surgery, significant improvements were noted after surgery, within the emotional quotient subscales including self-awareness (P=0.016), self-regulation (P<0.0001), self-motivation (P<0.0001), empathy (P<0.0001), social skills (P<0.0001) and emotional quotient total score (P<0.0001). Further analysis revealed statistically significant improvements in body image (P<0.0001), social anxiety (P=0.004) and social avoidance (P=0.002). The result showed that the improvement of emotional quotient after strabismus surgery was significantly higher in the age group of less than 12 years (P<0.0001). No significant difference was fund between two  genders for emotional quotient subscales (P>0.05).

The results of this study showed a significant improvement in the psychosocial factors including emotional quotient, body image, social anxiety and social avoidance after strabismus surgery. This result suggests that beyond functional and cosmetic improvements, successful strabismus surgery can result in improved emotional quotient and social anxiety, with the greatest effect noted in younger patients.

Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis is an acute ocular infectious disorder often associated with Human Adenovirus Type D8 (HAdV-D8). E1A and E1B are adenoviral proteins that play a crucial role in initiating adenoviral infection and binding to cellular p53. This study aimed to analyze genomic diversity in E1A and HAdV-D8 E1B genes in patients with adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis.

Samples of 5 patients with adenoviral Keratoconjunctivitis were cultured on A549 cell line for 48 to 72 hours until the appearance of CPE. The E1 gene region was amplified by PCR and sequenced to investigate mutations.

The Ahvaz strain showed the highest similarity to Japanese and American HAdV-D8 and HAdV-D54 strains in E1A and E1B genes. No significant mutation was found in the E1A gene. However, in the E1B gene, an amino acid substitution of serine to phenylalanine occurred. Another mutation converting CTG to GTG in E1B 55KD was observed only in two samples. The analysis with BLOSUM62 matrix confirmed that the replacement of valine with leucine is more likely than the substitution of serine and phenylalanine, which have hydrophobic properties and higher molecular weight.

In this study, E1A and E1B gene sequences of HAdV-D8 strain exhibited high conservation. Investigating these strains and their mutations in the human population could be valuable for determining the evolutionary capacity and pathogenicity of the virus.

  Promotion of Ophthalmic Education and practice is one of the main priorities for policy makers in ophthalmology. This study aimed to present experts solutions to accomplish an Ideal Status for Ophthalmic Fellowship Education in Iran over a 10- year horizon.

In this applied qualitative research, using purposive sampling, 11 key informants of Iran’s Ophthalmic Fellowship Education invited to participate in an expert panel on February2023. The data analyzed by thematic approach.

 in this article the identified solutions to achieve desired status for fellowship education in ophthalmology were presented in 14 main themes, and 44 subthemes.Based of consensus of experts, this study, proposed 14 applied solution including: Revising the ophthalmic fellowship curriculum to the highest quality, promoting accountability, promoting professionalism , constant interaction with clinical research sectors,  reform in national system of  fellowship’s admission, reform in fellowships  program evaluation  and accreditation system, decentralization of ophthalmic fellowship admission, Integration of some ophthalmic fellowship disciplines, cut unnecessary admissions and increase admissions in required  ophthalmic fields , foresight  in workforce planning ,  cost-effectiveness analysis  in fellowship programs development , ophthalmic services tariffs reform, Ophthalmologists retention policy reform , Investing and building technological infrastructures.

 The priority areas and applied solutions to actualize the ideal situation for ophthalmic fellowship education of the highest quality in response to community and health system demands are determined .The experts recommendations should be considered through revision of policies, standards and practical mechanisms by educational  planners to promote ophthalmic fellowship education in IRAN.

Development of Fellowship Education is constantly one of the strategies of medical education policy makers because of the key role of graduated fellowships in advanced health care. This study aimed to comprehensively analyzes the current status for Ophthalmic Fellowship Education in Iran.

In this applied qualitative foresight study, using purposive sampling, eleven experts and key informants of Iran’s Ophthalmic Fellowship Education, selected, and invited to participate in a panel of experts. A panel meeting for focused discussion was held on February2023. The data analyzed by thematic approach.

The identified strength points and challenges are presented in 23 main themes, and 65 subthemes. The seven main themes for strengths included, systematic management, successful policies in ophthalmology education, effectiveness of fellowship programs, increasing motivation for academic growth, faculty empowerment, improving access to advanced services, avoiding procedures with questionable indications.
Sixteen themes for challenges included: low educational quality in some centers, lack of community based education, weak professional ethics, low quality of research, lack of comprehensiveness, lack of futuristic approach in developing fellowships, lack of workforce planning, ineffective evaluation system , ineffective centralized admission system, unbalanced admission capacity, receiving fellowship degree to make extra income, performing ophthalmic procedures not related to their fellowship fields , refuse to operate high risk ophthalmic procedures, unattractive Tariffs, regional disparity of medical resources, shortage of advanced technological infrastructures.

Based on experts’ consensus, forward-looking planning is effective in order to maintain the achievements, solve the challenges and improve these courses in line with the desired perspective.