فهرست مطالب فاضله حیدری

Internet addiction is a global public health problem among adolescents, which is associated with a wide range of negative consequences.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the pattern of structural relationships of the role of parenting styles and intolerance of uncertainty in the tendency of internet addiction with the mediation of experiential avoidance in adolescents.

The research method was descriptive and correlation based on structural equations. The statistical population of all male students of the second year of high school was studying in the government schools of Ardabil city in the academic year of 2022-2023. From this population, a sample of 180 people was selected using available sampling method and answered the questionnaires of Internet Addiction (1996), Experimental Avoidance (2011), Parenting Styles (1972) and Intolerance of Uncertainty (2007). SPSS version 25 and SmartPLS version 4 software were used to analyze the collected data.

The results of structural equations showed that authoritarian style (β=0.17, P=0.001) and permissive style (β=0.39, P=0.001) and intolerance of uncertainty (β=0.27, P=0.001) have a positive and direct effect on internet addiction, and authoritative style has a negative and direct effect on internet addiction (β=-0.21, P=0.001). Also, the results of indirect effects showed that experiential avoidance mediates the relationship between parenting styles and intolerance of uncertainty with internet addiction (P=0.05).

The results showed that parenting styles and intolerance of uncertainty are important factors of internet addiction that affect internet addiction through the mediation of experiential avoidance; Therefore, psychologists and school counselors are advised to hold workshops aimed at reducing and preventing internet addiction among adolescents.

Conduct disorder is a risk factor for future antisocial behaviors, and evidence suggests the role of temperamental factors in the development and persistence of this disorder.

This study aimed to test the pettern of structural relationships of affective temperaments with symptoms of conduct disorder with investigating the mediating role of moral disengagement in adolescents.

The study utilized a descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population comprised first and second-period high school students in Urmia during the 2020-2021 academic years. Two hundred and twenty individuals were selected through multistage random sampling and responded to the strengths and difficulties questionnaire, affective and emotional composite temperaments scale, and moral disengagement scale. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling via SmartPLS 3. 

The results of structural equation modeling showed that internalized (β=-0.10; t=-2.48) and stable (β=-0.17; t=-2.17) temperaments have a negative direct effect on symptoms of conduct disorder, while the externalized (β=0.30; t=2.62) and unstable temperament (β=0.52; t=2.52) have a positive direct effect on symptoms of conduct disorder. Furthermore, internalized (β=0.04; t=2.13) and unstable temperament (β=0.03; t=2.20) have an indirect effect on symptoms of conduct disorder via the mediating role of moral disengagement. P<0.05 was considered as a significant level.

These findings indicate that internalized and stable temperaments can act as a protective factor, while externalized and unstable temperaments can act as a vulnerability factor for conduct symptoms. Moral disengagement also mediates the negative effects of temperaments on conduct symptoms, highlighting the importance of addressing temperamental factors in early identification of conduct disorder and the
need to develop skills to address moral disengagement in order to prevent this disorder.

Basing the increasing of addictive use of social networks, determining factors related to it is essential.  This study aimed to investigate the structural model of relations of addictive use of social networks basing on social rejection and familial emotional atmosphere with mediating role of shyness in students. The present research method is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of male secondary high-school students studying in public schools in Ardabil city in the academic year of 2019-2020. A sample of 248 people was randomly selected by multistage sampling method and answered to the questionnaires of addiction to social networks, social rejection, family emotional atmosphere and shyness. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS25 and Lisrel8.8 software. The results showed that addiction to social networks has a positive relationship with social rejection and its components (except accusations) and with the total score of shyness and with family emotional atmosphere and its components (except Caress) has a negative relationship. Also, shyness is positively related to the social rejection and its components and negatively related to the family's emotional atmosphere and its components (except caressing) (p<0.001). The fitness indicators of the model also confirmed the effect of social rejection and family emotional atmosphere on addictive use of social networks through shy mediation. The results showed that social rejection and family emotional atmosphere are predictors of addictive use of social network in students; furthermore, shyness can play mediating role in these relationships.

Emotional temperaments are consistently associated with psychopathology and recognized as a risk factor for many psychological disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of this relationship remain unclear.

This study aimed to conduct a path analysis of the effects of emotional temperaments on the symptoms of conduct disorder in adolescents by investigating the mediating role of anger rumination.

This descriptive, correlational study was conducted by the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population consisted of all first- and second-grade high school students in Urmia, Iran, in 2020-2021 academic years. A total of 220 students were selected by the multistage random sampling method and completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (2003), Affective and Emotional Composite Temperaments Scale (2011), and Anger Rumination Scale (2001). Descriptive statistics were calculated to analyze the collected data in SPSS version 27, and a path analysis was performed using SmartPLS version 3 to test the study hypotheses.

The emotional temperaments of activation (β=0.21, p<0.01) and sensitivity (β=0.26, p<0.01) had direct positive effects on the symptoms of conduct disorder, whereas temperaments of control (β=-0.29, p<0.01), coping (β=-0.18, p<0.01), and inhibition (β=-0.11, p<0.01) had direct negative effects on these symptoms. The temperaments of activation (β=0.21, p<0.05), inhibition (β=0.11, p<0.01), and sensitivity (β=0.36, p<0.01) had direct positive effects on anger rumination, while the temperaments of control (β=-0.45, p<0.01) and coping (β=-0.28, p<0.05) had direct negative effects on this variable. The results pertaining to the indirect effects of temperaments also indicated that anger rumination mediated the relationship between emotional temperaments and symptoms of conduct disorder (p<0.05).

The results of the present study revealed that the temperaments of activation and sensitivity were risk factors for conduct disorder, whereas the temperaments of control, coping, and inhibition were protective factors for it. Besides, anger rumination mediated the effects of emotional temperaments on conduct disorder.

The Emotional Behavior Regulation Questionnaire is a self-report scale of behavioral strategies that individuals use to regulate their emotions in response to stressful events. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the short form of emotion behavioral regulation scale in students. The research method was descriptive and the statistical population (N = 13000) of the present study consisted of all the male students of the second year of secondary school (first to third grades) of public schools in Ardabil city in the academic year 2018-2019. A total of 239 of these individuals were selected from the above statistical population by multi-stage random sampling and individually responded to the Emotion Behavior Regulation Scale (short form) Kraaij& Garnefski (2019) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Lovibond&Lovibond (1995) Scale. For data analysis, internal consistency coefficient, simultaneous validity, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 and 8.8 LISREL software. The results of internal consistency coefficient showed that this scale has good reliability. The results of exploratory factor analysis revealed 5 factors with specific values greater than one. The fit indices of the confirmatory factor analysis model also confirmed the 5-factor (Seeking Distraction, Withdrawal, Actively Approaching, Seeking Social Support and Ignoring) model of this questionnaire. The results of the correlation coefficient showed that the negative relationship between the emotional regulation components (Seeking Distraction, Actively Approaching, Seeking Social Support) and the positive relationship between the emotional regulation components (Withdrawal and ignoring) with depression, anxiety and stress are significant (P<0/001). Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the total score of negative emotion behavioral regulation is 0.76 and for the total score of positive emotion behavioral regulation is 0.80 and for the components is in the range of 0.60 to 0.68. The results of this study showed that the Persian version of the Emotional Behavior Regulation Scale has good reliability and validity in the Iranian population and is a suitable self-assessment scale for clinical and research situations.

The current study was aimed to investigate the model of structural relationships of family cohesion /adaptability, academic self-concept and social acceptability with school adjustment: the mediator role of educational engagement. The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The whole students of five and sex grades of primary schools in 96-97 educational years were constituted the statistical population of this study. The two hundred and sixty eight students selected by multistage random sampling from this statistical population and participated in this study. The instruments of students adjustment survey, academic self-concept, educational engagement, social desirability and family cohesion  and adaptability scale were used for gathering data. The gatherd data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression tests and path analysis using SPSS23 and lisrel8.7 The found results showed that the structural model of adjustment to school basing on family cohesion, academic self-concept and social desirability with mediating role of and educational engagement have a good fitness. These results showed that family cohesion, academic self-concept and social desirability have a direct effect on the adjustment to school and have indirect effect of it via educational engagement. But, family adaptability has alone direct effect on adjustment to school (p<0/05). the results of this study reveal that the cohesive and supportive family systems, academic self-concept and social desirability can affect students’ adjustment to school both directly and nondirectly via educational engagement.

Mobile phone dependency has become a global problem due to its high incidence, rapid growth rate, and serious adverse consequences. The aim of this study was to model the structural relationships of mobile phone addiction in male students based on negative excitement and boredom proneness with the mediating role of self-monitoring.

This study was a descriptive study, and the statistical population consisted of all male high school students studying in public schools in Ardabil in the academic year 1400. From this population, a sample of 170 people were selected by convenience sampling method, and answered the questionnaires of mobile phone addiction, boredom proneness, negative excitement, and self-monitoring. In order to analyze the data, structural equation modeling was used.

The results showed that negative excitement with a coefficient value of 0.38 and boredom proneness with a coefficient value of 0.27 directly have a significant effect on mobile phone addiction. Also, negative excitement with a coefficient value of 0.20 and boredom proneness with a coefficient value of 0.12 indirectly have a significant effect on mobile phone addiction with the mediation of self-monitoring (p<0.001).

According to the results of the present study, interventions related to boredom, negative excitement, and self-monitoring are recommended for training to facilitate valuable activities, manage negative emotions, and regularly practice self-monitoring.

the temperamental traits are considered as an important risk factor for conduct disorder and the mechanisms of this relations is not clear. The aim of this study was investigating the mediating role of anger rumination in relations of affective temperaments with symptoms of conduct disorder in adolescents

The method of this study was descriptive- correlational. The statistical population included all first and second periods of high school students in Urmia city in the 2020-2021 academic years. Two hundred and twenty people were selected by multistage random sampling method and answered to the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ), affective and emotional composite temperaments scale (AFECT) and anger rumination scale (ARS). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling via SmartPLS 3.

The results of structural equation modeling showed that internalized and stalble temperaments has negative direct effect on symptoms of conduct disorder, while the externalised and unstable temperament has positive direct effect on symptoms of conduct disorder. Furthermore, externalized and stable temperaments via negative effect on anger rumination and internalized and unstable temperament via positive effect on rumination have indirect effect on symptoms of conduct disorder (p<0.05).

These results conveals that externalized and unstable temperaments can be act as a risk factor and internalized and stable temperaments can be act as a protective factor for symptoms of concuct disorder. Anger rumination also mediate the relations of affective temperaments with symptoms of conduct disorder.

Conduct disorder is one of the most common disorders in adolescence that is a risk factor for psychopathology in adulthood. The aim of this study was the causal modeling of conduct disorder signs based on childhood maltreatment and peer rejection with the mediating role of anger rumination.

In this descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population included all first and second periods of high school students in Urmia in the 2020-2021 academic year. Two hundred and twenty people were selected by multistage random sampling method and answered the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Peer Social Rejection Scale, and Anger Rumination Scale. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.

The results of structural equation modeling showed that the coefficients of direct path of childhood abuse
 (β=0.458, p<0.001) and anger rumination (β=0.240, p=0.012) to the signs of conduct disorder were significant. In addition, childhood maltreatment and peer rejection had an indirect effect on the signs of conduct disorder with the mediating role of anger rumination.

The results of this study reveal that childhood maltreatment and rumination of anger can be considered as risk factors for conduct disorder. Social rejection by peers also leads to conduct disorder with increased rumination of anger. These results can be used in designing preventive and intervensional programs of conduct disorder.

Behavioral problems in childhood and adolescence can be a background for delinquen - cy and antisocial behavior in adulthood. The present study aimed to determine the mediating role of disengagement in relationships between Childhood Maltreatment and Peer Rejection with Conduct Disorder Signs in Adolescents.

The method of this study is a descriptive correlation. The statisti - cal population of this research was all the students of the first and second courses of Urmia city in the academic year of 2019-2020. 220 people were selected by multi-stage random sampling method and to the self-report version of the abilities and problems questionnaire (Cronbach’s alpha 0.78), childhood trauma scale (Cronbach’s alpha 0.83), peer social rejection scale (Cron - bach’s alpha 0.95) and apathy scale Ethical (Cronbach’s alpha 0.91) answered. For data analy - sis, structural equation modeling was used in the form of SmartPLS 3 software.

220 people with an average of 16.15 years and a standard deviation of 1.54 partici - pated in this research. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the direct path coefficients of childhood maltreatment (p<0.001; β=0.38) and moral apathy (p<0.001; β=0.40) were significant. Also, the direct path coefficients of childhood maltreatment (p<0.001; β=0.42) and peer rejection (p<0.01; β=0.23) on moral apathy were significant. In addition, childhood maltreatment and peer rejection had an indirect effect on conduct disorder symptoms through the mediation of moral apathy.

These results show that in addition to the direct effect of childhood maltreat - ment on conduct disorder symptoms, moral apathy acts as a mediator, and the effects of child - hood maltreatment and peer social rejection on conduct symptoms. The results of this study can be used in the design of preventive programs and early intervention in behavioral disor - ders.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of executive functions based rehabilitation program on cognitive deficits of children with dyslexia. This study was experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of this study consisted of all students with dyslexia in the fourth and fifth grades of elementary school in Tehran in 1397-1398 academic year. The sample consisted of 40 dyslexic students who were selected by clustering sampling method and randomly assigned into two experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. After conducting the revised effortful Control Scale as pretest on both groups, the executive functions based rehabilitation program was applied to the experimental group in 12 sessions and each session for 60 minutes twice a week, but the control group received no intervention. Then, both groups responded to mentioned questionnaire as post-test. Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANCOVA. The results showed that there was significant difference between the experimental and control group in cognitive deficits of distraction, poor concentration, poor attention shifting and impulsivity. These results indicate that executive functions based rehabilitation program have led to improve cognitive deficits in children with dyslexia, thus, this intervention can be a useful program for dyslexic children.

Attempting to recognize specific QEEG markers in depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders is the one of main interests of research in quantitative electroencephalography. The purpose of the present study was to compare the absolute power of brain waves in the frontal area in people with major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The method of this study is causal-comparative. The statistical population of this study consisted of all individuals with major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder referring to the mental health Clinic of Fatemi Hospital in 2019 in Ardabil, Iran. 15 people with major depressive disorder and 15 subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder were selected by purposeful sampling. Furthermore, 15 normal individuals were selected via the sampling method from the relatives of patients. Psychiatric diagnosis and structured clinical interview, Beck depression inventory, and Foa et al. obsessive-compulsive inventory were used to collect data. The QEEG recording was performed at the Psychological Laboratory of Mohaghegh Ardabili University and the data were analyzed by Neuroguide software.

The results showed that the absolute power of delta (F= 3.444), theta (F= 51.566), alpha (F= 217.1144), and beta (F= 175.555) waves differ between people with depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder compared to the control group. The delta, theta, and alpha absolute power at frontal lobes of patients with obsessive-compulsion significantly increased, and the alpha and beta absolute power at frontal lobes of patients with major depressive disorder significantly decreased compared to the control group.

These results showed that the pattern of brain waves can be posed as an index for diagnosing and follow-upping of the therapeutic outcomes of major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Furthermore, it can be used in designing neurofeedback interventions for these disorders.

This study aimed to determine the pattern of structural relations of predicting craving based onchildhood maltreatment, negative emotionality and impulsivity with the mediating role of behavioral emotion regulation.

The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The whole people with substance dependence referring to Ardabil centers of addiction treatment in the second half of 2019 comprised statistical population of this research. Two hundred and twenty people were selected through multistage random cluster sampling and were asked to respond to questionnaires of childhood maltreatment, negative emotionality, Impulsivity, behavioral regulation of emotion and also craving. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical indicators, Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling using SPSS 25 and Lisrel 8.8 software.

The final results of the structural equation model indicated that the pattern of predicting craving based on childhood abuse, negative and impulsive excitability is confirmed by the mediating role of positive and negative behavioral regulation of emotion (except the relation of impulsive with craving). The goodness-of-fit indices of RMSEA, CFI, PNFI, and IFI indicated the good fit of the proposed model and its conformity with the experimental data.

These results showed that childhood maltreatment, negative emotionality and impulsivity, in adition to direct effect on craving, can effect indirectly it via dysfunction in beharioral emotion dysregulation and can be barrier to treatment of substance use, the findings can be applied to design the intervension for substance use.

Natural disasters such as earthquakes might result in long term psychological outcomes. The aim of the current study was to test the causal model of post-traumatic growth among earthquake-stricken persons based on social support, mindfulness, and rumination with the mediating role of acceptance and action.

The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. Participants included 120 adults who experienced the earthquake of November 2017 in SarpolZahab city, Kermanshah, Iran, who were selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected using the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, Social Support Scale, Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills, Ruminative Response Scale, and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling via SPSS software version 22 and Lisrel software version 8.8.

The mean (SD) age of participants was 21.2 (5.9). With the increase in rumination with a mean (SD) 43.7 (12.7), post-traumatic growth with a mean (SD) 54.8 (14.2) decreased. With the increase in mindfulness with a mean (SD) 62.8 (15.1), social support with a mean (SD) 53.1 (12.5) and acceptance and action with a mean (SD) 53.8 (17.6) post-traumatic growth increased (P<0.01). Post-traumatic growth increased with an increase in acceptance and action. Acceptance and action are also modulated in the relations of rumination, mindfulness, and social support with post-traumatic growth.

The acceptance and action and post-traumatic growth decreased with increasing rumination and increased with increasing Mindfulness and social support. Furthermore, increasing acceptance and action increased post-traumatic growth. Mindfulness and social support increase post-traumatic growth indirectly with increasing acceptance and action. Rumination led to decreased post-traumatic growth via decreasing acceptance and action.

Sensitivity to interpersonal interactions and marital conflicts plays an important role in the tendency of children to become addicted to the Internet. The aim of this study was to model Internet addiction based on interpersonal sensitivity and parents’ marital conflict with the mediating role of effortful control in students.

The present research method is descriptive. The statistical population was all first and second year high school students in Ardabil in 2020. A sample of 239 people from this population was selected by available sampling method and answered the questionnaires of Internet addiction, Effortful Control, Interpersonal Sensitivity and Parents’ Marital Conflict. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling.

The results showed that Internet addiction was positively correlated with the total score of interpersonal sensitivity (r=0.57, p<0.001) and parents’ marital conflict (r=0.36, p<0.001) and had a negative correlation with effortful control (r=-0.44, p<0.001). Effortful control was also negatively related to the total score of interpersonal sensitivity (r=-0.21, p<0.001) and parents’ marital conflict (r=-0.17, p<0.001). Model fit indices also confirmed the effect of interpersonal sensitivity and parents’ marital conflict on Internet addiction with the mediating role of effortful control.

The results of this research can be used in creating applications and workshops for adolescents who are addicted to the Internet as well as in the prevention of Internet addiction.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of parenting styles and rejection sensitivity in predicting impulsivity among high school students. The method of study was correlational and the sample consisted of 154 high school students of Kamyaran city selected by cluster sampling in 2015. To collect data, the questionnaires of the perceived parenting style, the rejection sensitivity  and the impulsivity were used and the collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that impulsivity has positive correlation with authoritarian parenting styles, permissive parenting style and the rejection sensitivity, but it has negative correlation whit authoritative parenting style (p < 0.001). The results also showed that parenting styles can predict the children's impulsivity.

Paranoid thoughts are common symptom in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Evidence reveals the role of cognitive factors in these thoughts.

The present study was conducted in other to predict the paranoid thoughts basing on cognitive biases and self-reflection in patients with schizophrenia.

The correlational method was used in this study. The whole patients with schizophrenia, hospitalized in Isar and Fatemi psychiatric hospitals of Ardabil city in the second half of 2017 year, comprised statistical population of this study. Among this population, One hundred and twenty six patients were selected by purposeful sampling method and participated in this study. Paranoid thoughts questionnaire, Davos Assessment of Cognitive Biases Scale and self-reflection and insight scale were used to gather data. The gathered data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multivariate regression tests.

The correlational results showed that paranoid thoughts are positively related to Jumping to conclusions bias, belief inflexibility bias, attention for threat bias, external attribution bias, social cognition problems, subjective cognitive problems, safety behavior and total score of cognitive biases, but related negatively to insights and total score of self-reflection and insight. The results of regression analysis also showed that 57% of variance of the paranoid thoughts was explained by cognitive biases, and 36% of them explained by self-reflection and insight.

The results of this study demonstrated that cognitive biases in thoughts and low self-reflection can be predictive factors for paranoid thoughts in patients with schizophrenia. Thus, the cognitive interventions targeted these variables can be used to improve the paranoid thought in these patients.

Psychological interventions are the one of requirements for effective treatment of substance users during abstinence period.
The aim of this study was comparing the effectiveness of the training of cognitive behavioral coping skills and mindfulness based relapse prevention in reducing psychological symptoms of people with substance dependency under methadone maintenance treatment.
This study was conducted via experimental method with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. People with substance dependency referring to Ardabil centers of addiction treatment in the second half of 2017 comprised statistical population. The sample was sixty people, selected by cluster sampling and was assigned randomly to three 20 member groups of cognitive-behavioral coping skills; mindfulness based relapse prevention and control group. SCL -90-R was used to gather data in two pretest and posttest stages. The collected data were analyzed by multivariate covariance and bonferrony posthoc test.
The results showed that there are significant differences between the scores mean of three groups in the variables of somatic complaints, depression, aggression and psychosis. The results of boferrony test also showed that there are not significant differences between two experimental groups in somatic complaints, depression and aggression. But, the mindfulness-based relapse prevention alone was effective on reducing the psychosis.
The results of this study indicate that the using of cognitive-behavioral coping skills training and mindfulness-based relapse prevention can be useful psychological intervention for reducing psychological symptoms of people with substance dependency.

Health promoting behaviors is one of the most important factors in the physical and mental outcomes of cancer patients. The Current study was conducted in order to determination of the role of health beliefs and Illness Perception in predicting Health Promoting Behaviors of patients with cancer.
In this cross sectional study, 125 cancer patients, hospitalized in the Hematology section of Imam Khomeini hospital in Ardebil in the autumn of 2015 that were selected by convenience sampling, participated. For collecting data, the Illness Perception questionnaire, the Health Belief indexes and the Health- Promoting Lifestyle Profile were used. Gathered data were analyzed via Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis using SPSS19.
The results showed that the Health promoting behaviors in cancer patients positively correlated to the General Health Threat (r= -0/18, P The results of this study indicate that the beliefs about the situation and the outcomes of the disease and the quality of the Illness Perception in cancer patients have a role in their tendency for doing the Health promoting behaviors.

Physiological signs of stress can account to a preventive factor in the treatment of cancer by weaken the immune system. This study conducted in order to investigate the effectiveness of narrative exposure therapy on improving of stress physiological indexes in women with cancer.
This study is a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest along with control group. The statistical population of this study included all female cancer patients, hospitalized in the summer of 1395 in Radiology and Oncology wards of Motahari hospital of Foolad Shahr city. The thirty person from these patients selected by purposive sampling and randomly replaced into two groups (n = 15) and control (n = 15). The biofeedback device, Manufactured by Ravan Tajhiz Company is used to collect data on the pre-test and post-test. Experimental group were received 6 sessions of 90 minutes of Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET). Collected data was analyzed by MANCOVA test using SPSS18 software.
there were significant differences between two groups at the variables of the skin sweating (P The results suggest that NET could be a useful treatment for reduction of the physiological symptoms of stress in cancer patients.

Student’s adjustment to school is one of the educational mandates. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the role of parenting and attachment styles in predicting the student’s adjustment to school. The method of this study was descriptive-correlational. The population of this study was comprised of all students of junior high school in Maragheh city during 2015-2016 academic year. The sample included 222 students randomly selected by multistage cluster sampling method. The questionnaires of perceived parenting styles, attachment styles and adjustment to school were used for collecting the data. The data were analyzed by Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results of the correlation coefficient showed that students adjustment to school had positive relationships with the authoritative parenting style (r=0.33 p

Domestic violence is one of the factors affecting the family distress and the separation of couples that its spread rate is significant in Ardebil city. This study conducted in order to determine the effectiveness of self-defense training on improving marital adjustment and family cohesion in women involved in domestic violence. The research method was semi-experimental with pre-posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of this current study comprised of all married women, referring to Ardabil justice in 1394 due to domestic violence. Among them using the available sampling, 30 individuals were selected and assigned randomly to the experimental group (n=15) and control group (n=15). The experimental group received 6 sessions of 75 minutes of defense training (based training package, Jackie et al. 2013). The revised Dyadic adjustment scale (Busby, Crane, Larson, & Christensen, 1995) and family cohesion questionnaire (Samani, 2002) were used to collect data. The gathered data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis test. The results showed that self-defense training result in increasing of marital adjustment (F=12/05; P

The current research was conducted in order to compare deficits relared to self-directed learning in students with and without specific learning disorders. The method of this study was causal-comparative. The statistical population of this study was composed of all elementary school students with specific learning disorders in Ardabil city in 2014. Thirty persons from this population were selected by simple random sampling method and 30 persons from normal student were selected by multistage clustering random sampling method as the sample of the study. Data were collected using Self-directed learning readiness scale. The gathered data were analyzed by Multivariate analysis of variance and independent t tests. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated that there are significant differences between the two groups of students in Self-management (F=22/39; p