فاطمه کاظمی

Considering the consumption of more than 25% of energy by raw mill materials in cement plants, providing a suitable plan for blending different mining zones can be an effective approach in reducing the energy consumption. The purpose of this paper is optimizing the plan of blending limestone mining zones to reduce milling energy consumption raw mills (ball mill and HPGR). The geomechanical properties of different mine zones have been identified by performing the bond work index, drop weight, and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) tests. Also, to comply with cement production standards, cementing modules including S.I.M, A.L.M, and L.S.F have been calculated for different mine zones. Mining production planning with the aim of achieving the minimum comminution energy and transportation costs has been developed by the Goal programming method. Planning constraint equations are also considered to regulate cement modules. Finally, utilizing windows Quantitative System for Business software, the necessary calculations have been carried out. Based on the results, the extraction order and blending values of different mine zones are adjusted regarding cement modules and minimizing transportation costs, leading to a reduction in energy consumption of raw mills.

Riffaterre's theory of semiotics analyzes the text by examining all the structural aspects of the poem, including accumulation, descriptive system, hypogram, and structural network. This theory is based on the structure of the poem, the relationship between the signifiers, and reaching the final meaning of the poem. The poem “Unshūdat almaṭar” depicts the suffering soul of the poet in hisexile, and the conditions of Iraqi society. Based on this, the mentioned ode is a suitable text for semiotic analysis. Using the semiotic theory of Michael Riffaterre, this research has discussed the ode" Unshūdat almaṭar" in an analytical-descriptive way. The findings of the research indicate that based on Riffaterre's approach, deeper meanings such as love for the homeland, struggle, hope for change and progress can be taken from the ode "Anshouda Al Matar". The exploratory reading of this ode shows that the poet is trying to express his longing by describing his lover's eyes with romantic words. The heuristic reading of this ode shows that the poet is trying to express his longing by describing his lover's eyes with romantic words But the retroactive reading shows that the poet's beloved is the homeland, and the poet speaks of his love for the homeland in his sojourn and exile and invites his compatriots to fight and stand against tyranny. In this ode, there are four accumulations with four sememes: beloved, nature, rain and sea, and three descriptive systems with the cores of homeland, oppression and hope for change and transformation.

Molecular computing is an emerging Nanotechnology. Molecular computing is the base of designing and implementing molecular processors on a platform of biological macromolecules such as deoxyribonucleotide acid, ribonucleotide acid, and proteins [1]. DNA computing is a branch of molecular computing that uses DNA strands and chemical reactions for computation. DNA computing is the most successful molecular computing method in terms of scalability, simplicity of execution and implementation, design, and costs [2]. Recently, according to the features of the problem, many DNA computational models were proposed. The Self-assembly model consists of a lot of tiles that reacted parallel. this model has some advantages and disadvantages, for example, its massively parallel computing and regularity and vice versa uncontrollability tiles, high error rate, and large crystals on output (unscalable). This article proposed a design method for the self-assembly logic functions. Also, this method has advantages such as scalability, automatic design flow, and low-cost implementation. The proposed methodology can be a promising starting point for performing computations in parallel.

The reprocessing tailings of iron ore processing plants is important from economic (as a secondary source of iron) and environmental points of view. The aim of the present study is to determine the appropriate method for recovery iron from the tailings of Balestan iron ore processing plant (located in the northwest of Iran). For this purpose, after taking samples from the tail piles of this plant, a representative sample was selected, and chemical, mineralogical, size distribution, and bond’s work index analyses were performed on it. The total iron grade in the tailings was measured to be about 10%, of which 8.5% was identified as magnetite mineral (with a degree of liberation less than 40%). The d80 value of the sample was 7 mm, and the bond index was measured as 11.84 (kWh/ton). To determine the appropriate method for iron recovery, pre-processing with magnetic drum, grinding, and Davis tube tests were performed. With the magnetic pre-processing of tailings with a particle size of 0-10 mm, under a field of 2000 G and in a dry method, about 80% of the load entering the drum with a total iron grade of 5% was transferred to the tailings. 20% of the input load with an iron grade of approximately 24% was recovered to the concentrate. In order to remove the gangue minerals and enrich the pre-processed concentrate, stepwise grinding and separation had the best results. Comminution was done in two stages to produce products with smaller dimensions of 250 and 45 microns, respectively. Magnetic separation was also done in three stages with 3000 G, and two stages of separation with 1000 G, which finally resulted in a concentrate with a total iron grade of more than 66% and iron recovery of 44.88%.

Subjective well-being is a person's assessment of the life process, which includes the person's view and attitude toward life satisfaction. Therefore, Subjective well-being is an important factor in providing physical-psychological health and increasing life expectancy. The purpose of this research was to investigate the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between persolanity strength and subjective well-being.

The research method is correlational through structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population of the research was all the teachers working in the 12th district schools of Tehran in 2021, of which 234 were selected through a convenient sampling method. Instruments included Active Values Questionnaire, Subjective Wellbeing Scale, and a Job Satisfaction Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling, and SPSS and AMOS softwares. 

The findings showed that the direct effects of humanity, transcendence virtues, and justice on job satisfaction and The direct effects of wisdom, courage, and temperance on subjective well-being is significant. Also, the direct effect of job satisfaction on subjective well-being was significant. as well as, the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between personality strengths and subjective well-being was confirmed. 

According to the results of the present research, personality strengths training can be considered a self-awareness training program for managers and consultants working in education.

This study aimed to investigate the burnout model based on physical health status and brain-behavioral system by mediation of job stress in employees of Abadan Oil Company. The type of research is structural equation and the statistical population was all the employees working in Abadan Oil Company of which 255 people were selected by purposive sampling. The participants responded to Moslesh and Jackson’s job burnout scale (1981), Spence et al.’s physical health status (1987), Carver and White’s brain-behavioral systems 1994) and Parker and Dekutis’s occupational psychological pressure (1983) questionnaires. Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling. Findings showed that physical health and behavioral activating brain system have a direct and inverse effect on burnout and behavioral inhibition system and job stress have a direct and positive effect on burnout. By increasing the activity of the behavioral activator system, the feeling of job burnout and fatigue decreases and with the increase in the activity of the behavioral inhibitory system and the perceived stress in the job, the level of job burnout increases. Also physical condition and two behavioral activation / inhibitory systems can play a role in the formation of burnout by affecting job stress. It was also found that the proposed model is suitable for data. Based on this, it has been determined that the increase in job burnout can be caused by several factors, such as weak physical health or underlying diseases that are not suitable for the chosen job, as well as the increasing activity of the inhibitory behavioral brain system and impaired behavioral activation system and job stress can be one of the characteristics of any job, can mediate this relationship. According to the present findings, we can conclude that physical health, improvement of the behavioral activation system, and job stress reduction decrease the rate of job burnout. Since employment in industrial organizations is associated with risks and traumatic conditions, no matter how hard the organization tries, their mental and physical health is facing risks, and can lead to job burnout. So the factors such as lack of physical health disruption of the activator system and increased activity of the inhibitory-behavioral system can increase job burnout by increasing stressful conditions in the work environment.

Abd al-Qahir al-Jurjani, in his book “Dalā’il al-Iʿjaz” (Intimations of Inimitability), formulated a scientific, linguistic and literary theory known as Order theory, which stands as a strong match for the theories of Western linguists in the modern era. The theory of Order focuses on the rhetorical contexts of the Qur’an, and extracts from it principles and rules of rhetoric. Al-Jurjani presented other rhetorical issues in it, such as: introduction and delay, separation and connection, truth and metaphor, then the book was concluded with analytical models that highlight the importance of Order. This study is an attempt to study Abd al-Qahir alJurjani's Order theory and to Explain the pillars of Order theory. The research methodology is based on the analytical descriptive approach that traces the Order theory of Al-Jurjani and tries to explain the pillars of Order theory from Al-Jurjani's point of view. The results of the research indicate that Al-Jurjani's Order theory focuses on eloquence and rhetoric, pronunciation and meaning, Order, syntax, and syntax meanings. AlJurjani believes that the artistic value of the literary text lies in its formulation and organization. On the other hand, Al-Jurjani confirms that the miracle of the Qur’an is due to its good Order and formulation.

Brucellosis is the most common zoonosis and is a health issue in Iran. Considering this disease is endemic in Qaen, this study intended to investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of brucellosis during 2015-2021. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 421 brucellosis patients, based on the information from Qaen Health Center from 2015 to 2021. To describe the data, frequency, mean, and standard deviation indices and to analyze the data, Chi-square and T-test statistical tests were utilized using SPSS software version 21. The incidence rate was calculated based on 100,000 at-risk populations per year. The average incidence rate of brucellosis from 2015 to 2021 was 135 per 100,000. The highest incidence rate was 156 per 100,000 people in 2021, and the lowest was 20.58 per 100,000 in 2017. The mean age of brucellosis patients was 36.78 ± 19.85  years. The most frequent clinical symptoms were musculoskeletal pain in 317 cases (75.3%) and fever in 160 cases (38%). The consumption history of unpasteurized dairy products such as milk and cheese was 33% and 27%, respectively. Farmers and ranchers, with 239 cases (56.7%), and the rural living population, with 282 cases (67%), were the most frequent cases of brucellosis. The incidence rate of brucellosis in Qaen has an upward trend and is higher than the provincial and national averages. According to the latest national guidelines, this county is classified as a highly polluted region.

 With the rapid process of globalization, now consumers have a lot of consumption opportunities (domestic/international). The problems faced by consumers in the new age range is the selection from buying domestically produced goods to help domestic companies flourish and goods imported from other countries. In this regard, the purpose of this research is to investigate the role of global identity, ethnocentrism and animosity on brand perceived quality and the willingness to buy home appliance of foreign brands compared to prominent Iranian brands. Statistical population of this study is the consumers of the home appliance market. The sample includes 527 questionnaires. The results of this research showed that global identity does not have a negative and significant effect on animosity and ethnocentrism, and the effect of this variable on perceived brand quality and willingness to buy does not have a significant effect. Also, the negative and significant effect of ethnocentrism on animosity, perceived brand quality and willingness to buy was confirmed. In addition, the results of the research showed that animosity has negative and significant effect on perceived brand quality and willingness to buy, and finally, the positive and significant effect of the perceived brand quality on the willingness to buy was confirmed.

Context:

 The intention to quit is a step before the actual leaving the job. The complex conditions of treating covid 19 patients, nurses physical pressures and mental tensions during the covid-19 pandemic, encourage them to quit their jobs. The present study was conducted to determine the factors related to the willingness of nurses to quit during the covid-19 pandemic in the hospitals of Isfahan city.

416 nurses working in the hospitals of Isfahan participated in this cross-sectional descriptive-analytical research in the form of quota sampling and systematic random stratification. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire with high validity and reliability (0.95) that measured the intention to quit of nurses during the covid-19 pandemic in 4 dimensions of individual, occupational, organizational and transorganizational factors. SPSS version 25 software was used for data analysis.

Findings :

The average score of nurses' willingness to leave during the corona pandemic in Isfahan hospitals was 2.98 out of 5. The average of Transorganizational factors (3.30) was higher than the average of organizational factors (3.05) in driving the intention to leave of nurses. A relation was seen between demographic information such as; received compensation, secondary job and total income and intention to quit.

During the covid-19 pandemic, several factors lead to the quit in the group of nurses. Since the willingness to leave the job in public hospitals is higher than in private hospitals, managers of these organizations should pay more attention to evaluating factors, determining their impact and making effective decisions.

A health crisis can disrupt primary health care where telemedicine technology can facilitate the delivery of healthcare services. This study aimed to identify telemedicine applications in primary health care during a crisis.This research was conducted by scoping review method. All studies had been systematically searched through "Web of Science", "Embase", "PubMed", "MEDLINE", "SID", and "Magiran" databases with appropriate keywords in three groups: "telemedicine", "primary health care" and "health crises". Among 2949 screened studies, 76 were included in this research. Finally, the studies were analyzed using the framework analysis method in MAXQDA software. A total of 47 applications were found for telemedicine in primary health care in critical situations, which were classified into 6 areas including teleconsultation, e-learning, remote monitoring, source of medical information, decision support, and patient self-management. The most common medical applications were remote visits, patient consultation, patient education at home, provider screening, self-management of COVID-19 disease, and psychological and social support for patients. Telemedicine technology enables the control and management of crises that arise in health and treatment fields. By improving access, promoting interaction between specialists in urban and rural areas, reducing costs, and reducing mortality and disability, telemedicine provides socioeconomic benefits to patients, providers, and the health care system.

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic caused fundamental changes in the field of human resources, especially among the employees of the healthcare system. Nurses working in medical centers and hospitals face many challenges during the provision of medical services, which affect the quantity and quality of their services. Challenges that hinder the realization of joining professional nursing. Examining all challenges from the perspective of nursing metaparadigm will lead to the formation of a deep and broad view of the variety of problems and their effects on nursing.

A narrative review was used to write this letter to the editor.

Being aware of the challenges in society and applying effective solutions leads to creating a systematic vision and active performance. Challenges achieved in 3 levels; Macro, mezo and micro are placed in 4 dimensions of person, environment, quality of health and nursing.

Paying attention to the variety of challenges and their effects from the philosophical point of view and metaparadigm of nursing will broaden the vision of the leaders and managers of this profession. Improving the professional competence of nurses depends on having the right environment and professional requirements. The goal of health for all, which is one of the goals of sustainable development, will be realized with the realization of professional nursing in the society.

Integrating nature into the buildings through green roofs and walls is considered a sustainable strategy in current city development. However, studies on organic waste growing media that allow appropriate plant establishment in these systems are insignificant and yet challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the stability of the Frankenia thymifolia cover plant in four combinations of growing media (30% cocopeat + 65% perlite + 5% vermicompost, 30% leaf litter + 65% perlite + 5% vermicompost, 30% mushroom compost + 65% perlite + 5% vermicompost, and the typical soil used in the green spaces as the control) in the external green wall conditions. The study was a split-plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main factor was the different seasons in four levels, and the second was the growing media in four levels. Also, at the end of the study, the characteristics of the substrates were tested as a randomized complete block design experiment with three replications. The morpho-physiological traits of the Frankenia plant and the physicochemical characteristics under different growing media were significantly different (p≤0.01). The results showed that leaf surface features, leaf water content, chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoid, and all the root-related traits were higher in the plants grown in the organic matter growing medium than those grown in the typical soil. Also, better physicochemical attributes (lower bulk density, porosity, less ash, more air volume, and more acidity) were observed in organic growing medium in comparison with the typical soil. The results of this research confirmed the favorable effect of using washed mushroom compost along with perlite and vermicompost instead of the common imported green wall substrates. It also suggests using the Frankenia in climates similar to Mashhad year-round in the external green wall systems.

The primary health care system is the first point of contact for individuals, families and society with the health system, where basic and essential health services are provided in a place close to where people live or work. The primary health care system plays a critical role in responding to epidemics and should be strengthened. This study aimed to strategically analyse the Iranian primary health care system in responding to epidemics and to provide solutions to strengthen it.

This research was carried out using scoping review method. All studies related to the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Iran’s primary health care system in responding to epidemics, indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ProQuest, SID and Magiran databases and Google Scholar search engine were searched using appropriate keywords and search strategies. Finally, 52 documents were selected and analyzed using framework analysis method.

Overal, 18 strengths, 10 weaknesses, 17 opportunities and 14 threats were identified for Iran’s primary health care system in responding to epidemics. Besides, 62 actions were suggested to strengthen Iran’s primary health care system in responding to the epidemics, which were grouped into six categories: governance and leadership, financing, health workers, equipment and medicine, health information system, and primary health care delivery. Using the military health staff for deprived areas, home quarantine of the infected, training health workers, social and psychological support for workers and using tele-medical services are necessary to strengthen Iran’s primary health care system.

Iran’s primary health care system is facing many challenges in responding to epidemics. Policy makers and senior managers of the health system should strengthen the country’s primary health care system using the suggested strategies.

Liquid blockage decreases gas condensate productivity when the reservoir pressure near the wellbore falls below the dew point. Wettability alteration is the most promising method among various techniques to overcome the liquid blockage. In this study, the ability of different chemical solutions to change the wettability of rock types; carbonate and synthetic rocks from liquid-wet to a gas-wetting state was investigated. Contact angle measurement was conducted to evaluate the effect of the treating process. It was found that some of the best solutions containing COUPSYL®WRS nanofluid, PTFE, hydrophobic SiO2 nanoparticles + PDMS, could change the water contact angle from 0° to 130.5°, 142.7°, and 155°, respectively. They could also produce water repellency conditions. In contrast, they were not effective on the synthetic rock surface. Moreover, the contact angle of condensate did not change by using these chemicals and remained at 0°. It was also shown that by increasing SiO2 nanoparticle concentration from 0 to 2 wt%, the water contact angle increased from 117° to 155°, which was the most effective chemical solution in the wettability alteration process.

Garcés’s model in the analysis of interlingual translation includes four levels: semantic-lexical, morphological-syntactic, discourse-functional, and stylistic-practical. Each of the four mentioned levels includes subcategories that provide the possibility of extensive and comprehensive analysis in interlingual translation with a combined approach. In this research, the application of the semantic-lexical level of Garcés’s model is considered, and Fouladvand’s translation of Surah An’am is selected as a research case. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The findings of the research show that Fouladvand has used strategies such as definition or explanation, cultural or functional equivalence, syntactic expansion, syntactic reduction, and translation of a specific word into a general word and a general word into a specific word in the translation of Surah An’am. The semantic-lexical level of Garcés’s model has two other subcategories: ambiguity and adaptation; Fouladvand’s translation of Surah An’am, for example, faces the challenge of creating ambiguity due to the multiple meanings of the words of the Holy Quran in the context of the verses. Adaptation means removing the cultural reference of the source language in the target language and replacing it with an unrelated reference, adaptation is an irrational strategy in interlingual translation; This strategy does not exist in Foladvand’s translation of Surah An’am.

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrine disorder and the leading cause of infertility in the women of childbearing age. Considering the importance of this disease on women's health and their quality of life, this study was conducted with the aim of investigation of the relationship between dietary patterns and nutritional status on increasing the risk of PCOS in the women aged 20-40 years referred to Sarem Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

This case-control study was performed on 57 patients with PCOS and 58 healthy individuals. This study used demographic Information of the pationts, Physical Activity (IPAQ), and food frequency (FFQ) questionnaires to collect data. Anthropometric indices were also measured. In order to calculate the food groups received in this research, the food items were divided into 16 groups. Then, the obtained items were analyzed based on the normality or absence of the obtained information in two safe and unsafe food groups using appropriate statistical tests for each of the above states. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 24 statistical software.

The average age of people with PCOS was 29.86±5.01 and healthy people was 32.12±4.92 years. The results showed that weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, waist height, and fat percentage were significantly different in the patients with PCOS from healthy individuals (P<0.05). Also, energy consumption, protein, EPA, DHA, sodium, potassium, vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, copper, selenium, total fiber, crude fiber, and glucose were significantly different in the patients with PCOS from healthy individuals (P<0.05).

Anthropometric indices were higher in the patients with PCOS compared to healthy individuals. Also, intake of some macronutrients and micronutrients was higher in patients with PCOS compared to healthy people. However, there was no statistically significant difference in the amount of intake of any of the 16 daily food items between the two groups with PCOS.

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic has caused many nurses to leave their service. The purpose of this research is to design, validate and reliability of the questionnaire of factors related to intention turnover of nurses during the covid-19 pandemic.

 In this research, the conceptual model of occupational stress, quality of life and willingness to leave the job was first used, and then, in order to design the questionnaire items, the studies published in several databases. Content and face validity were quantitatively calculated and in the last step, Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used to calculate the reliability of the questionnaire.

Content validity index and content validity ratio in all four dimensions  factors were also obtained in the range of 0.8 to 1. The face validity of the questions was between 4.5-1.2. In checking the reliability of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, a score higher than 0.7 was obtained for each dimension of the questionnaire.

The above-mentioned questionnaire has good validity and reliability..

The health of plants in green roof conditions depends to a large extent on the supply of water required by plants. The composition of the substrate is effective in maintaining the moisture and making it available to the plant, and one of the solutions to reduce water consumption in the green roof is improving the substrate. In this study, water requirement and some morphophysiological traits of Carpobrotus edulis L. were studied under substrate and humic acid treatment. The research was conducted in green roof box conditions as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications from May to September 2020 in Mashhad. The first factor was substrate including Substrate 1 (soil 20% + 20% Leica + 20% perlite + mineral pumice + 20% leaf soil), Substrate 2 (substrate 1 + 6% by weight of bentonite), Substrate 3 (substrate 1+ 12% by weight of bentonite), soilless Substrate 4 (27% mineral pumice + 27% Leica + 27% perlite + 20% leaf soil), Substrate 5 (substrate 4 + 6% by weight bentonite), and Substrate 6 (substrate 4+ 12% by weight of bentonite). The second factor was the concentration of humic acid (0, 100, and 200 mg L-1) applied as fertigation every 15 days. Soil-containing substrates performed significantly better than soilless substrates and the highest coverage, root length, and volume of green roof plants were observed in substrate 3 (containing soil and 12% by weight of bentonite). The highest leaf water and chlorophyll contents and the lowest relative saturation deficit, carotenoids, phenols, and leaf carbohydrates were observed in Substrate 3, which show the physiological stability of the plant under stress conditions, was evident in substrate 3. Application of 200 mg/L humic acid was associated with the best growth and physiological performance of plants. A substrate rich in moisture and nutrients, including 20% Soil + 20% Leica + 20% perlite +20% mineral pumice + 12% w bentonite + 200 mg/L humic acid resulted in the plants with optimal water consumption. The presence of soil and mineral superabsorbent (bentonite) in the green roof substrate is especially important in terms of moisture retention, and of course, the supplementary nutrition of plants in the green roof also improves their performance in the green roof.

As a result of the global spread of the COVID-19 virus and its epidemic, various measures were implemented to reduce the number of fatalities and costs incurred in multiple countries. Reducing daily travel and avoiding crowded and closed environments were two more serious suggestions to limit the spread. Both suggestions lowered public transit use. By shifting some business trips from public transit and encouraging residents to use other modes of transportation, returning passengers to public transportation may be tedious and lengthy. In the long term, this backwardness can reduce investment in public transportation systems and their share in urban mobility. Despite the decrease in coronavirus infection, a significant portion of the past demand for public transportation has not returned to this system, as seen by an examination of ticket card transaction data. This study explores the shift in people's work travel habits following the dissemination of COVID-19 by sending an online questionnaire to individuals from various occupations and ages. Examining the results of a sample size of 1050 reveals that, concurrent with the development of Corona, the proportion of business trips made by public transit has been reduced to less than half. This decline is about the same among men and women and between educational categories, but it varies by age group.

Halliday’s theory of Systemic functional grammar reflects the world in language and analyzes this world in the context of language. Halliday divides the way we use language into three different metafunctions: The ideational metafunction, the interpersonal metafunction, and the textual metafunction. The ideational metafunction is considered in this research which is divided into empirical and logical components. In the experimental process, simple clauses are analyzed, and in the logical process, compound clauses are analyzed. The clause in ideational metafunction is divided into three components: process, participants, and circumstances. Processes are divided into two main and sub-categories and each has three sub-sections. The main processes are material, mental, and relational and sub-processes are behavioral, verbal, and existential. In the present study, ideational metafunction evaluation was considered in Surahs “Al-Waqi’ah” and “Al-Qiyamat” and the processes used in these Surahs and the repetition of each of these processes were discussed so that the aspects of resurrection are known in these Surahs. The research findings showed that the material process has been used in these Surahs more than other processes. The increase in this process emphasizes the occurrence of resurrection and it has given an objective aspect to this event.

Emile Habibi, a Palestinian writer, tried to portray the suffering of his compatriots in a realistic and symbolic style in the novel "The Secret Life of Saeed: The Pessoptimist "And depict the endless sorrows, wasted dreams, and the hardships they have endu red through occupation. In this novel, he depicts the history of the Palestinian issue from 1948 to 1974. This research intends to study the structure and content of the novel in a descriptive-analytical method. In this study, some narrative elements such as characterization, theme and style have been analyzed and how to use these elements. The findings of the study indicate that in this novel, the role of Palestinian women fighters and their dependence on the homeland is also very evident in this novel. Habibi has used the fluid flow method of the mind and has written this novel in the form of explicit and clear satire. Other features of this novel are breaking the line between the novel and other literary genres and including various poetic texts in the text of the novel and referring to real events along with their history. Emile Habibi's language is mixed with the fragrance of heritage, so it smells like the style of the Maqama, the irony of Jahez and the stories of One Thousand and One Nights.

Turfgrasses, as one of the important components of urban landscapes, have played a vital role in this regard. However, the main problems of turfgrass development are the cost of turfgrass seeds, maintenance costs such as moving, as well as the high water requirement in arid and semi-arid regions. Thus, the reduction of lawn culture in the landscape is one of the decision has taken in parks and green spaces organization of Tehran, Isfahan and even Mashhad. For over ten years, researchers have been looking for alternatives to conventional grass lawns to reduce the high cost of maintenance especially irrigation cost in urban landscapes. According to many researches, one of the potential ground cover alternatives that might be used instead of turfgrass is White Clover. Clover (Trifolium spp.) from Fabaceae family is a genus of about 300 species.

The aim of this experiment was to compare three common turfgrasses with two clover varieties as turf replacement to reduce landscape maintenance cost specially moving cost. So, some growth and qualitative factors of clover lawn: Trifolium repens var. Calway and Trifolium repens var. Pipolina (micro clover) and three turfgrasses of Festuca arundinacea L. and Lolium perenne L. and commercial sport turf mixture (from NAk-Nederland Ltd.) were compared together. This research was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in the research field of the Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering‚ Faculty of Agricultural‚ Ferdowsi University of Mashhad‚ Mashhad‚ Iran, during 2016 and 2017. The site (59º 38′ E and 36º 16 ′ N; elevation 989 m) is located in an arid and semi- arid region with mean annual rainfall 233.8 mm and long term averages of maximum and minimum temperature are 22.5 ºC and 9.3 ºC‚ respectively. Turfgrass plots were established by directly sowing the seeds in April, 2016. The planting rate of the seedling considering their pure live seeds (PLS) were 45 g.m-2 for Lolium perenne, 34 g.m-2 for Festuca arundinacea, 6.5 g.m-2 for Trifolium repens, 5.5 g.m-2 for micro clover and 39 g.m-2 for commercial mixture of sport turf. The plots were 1 m2 (1m×1m) in size and were prepared after plowing and leveling the soil. The seeds were hand sown and covered with a thin layer of leaf compost and sand.

According to the results in the first evaluation of emergence percentage, Lolium perenne had the highest emergence percentage. After 36 days from culture, all plants had 92-98 % coverage which did not have any significant difference among grasses with clover lawns. In terms of density, uniformity and weed density, there was no significant difference between the studied plants. In the other hands, white clover showed the best quality after clipping in both years. At the point of growth index, which have done in this experiment by measuring height and dry weight of clipping, grass lawns had the higher growth index in compered to clover lawn in both years. Festuca arundinacea and Lolium perenne had the highest growth index and white and micro clover had the lowest growth. Also, with air warming, Festuca arundinacea became dominated plant in height and clipping dry weight. In July, Festuca arundinacea produced the highest clipping dry weight by 40 gr.m-2, Lolium perenne (19.52), commercial sport turf (15.68), white clover (6.24) and micro clover (0.36) gr.m-2.

One of the problems of landscape is reduction of maintenance costs such as mowing. So, the low growth of white and micro clover is a positive factor in reduction of the moving costs than turfgrasses. Also, the coverage and proper density of clover lawns are similar to grass lawns and did not have a significant difference with them. The character of low growth can be effective in reduction of irrigation costs in white and micro clover, which requires more research and examination in future. This is a positive point in the white clover and micro clover that do not need to move or cut every months. Almost, clover moving is recommended for removing their flower. Therefore, it is recommended to use white and micro clover as a replacement with less maintenance costs in landscape. Finally, the results of cultivation of grass and clover as monoculture in this study can be used to produce clover-grass mixtures suitable for the climate of our country (arid and semi-arid regions), instead of importing turf mixtures from European countries.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of organizational innovation on export performance through the mediating role of radical and widespread technical innovation. This study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method. After reviewing the research topic and its related views, a questionnaire was used to collect the data. The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees and managers of the Iranian Food Industries Company. The sample size of this study was 213 people. In order to analyze and test the research hypotheses, the structural equation model has been used with the help of LISREL software and SPSS software.. Based on the findings of this study, the results show that organizational innovation affects export performance through the mediating role of the variables of radical technological innovation and widespread technological innovation; organizational innovation affects technical (radical) innovation, Organizational innovation affects technical innovation (widespread), organizational innovation affects export performance, technical innovation (radical) affects export performance, and technical innovation (widespread) affects export performance.