فهرست مطالب فرامرز سهرابی

Stress is an integral part of human life today, so most people have learned relatively adaptive ways to deal with it, these methods are usually enough to cope with the stresses of everyday life, but sometimes there are events that cause too much stress to cope with. This study aimed to evaluate the comparison of personality characteristics and autobiographical memory among individuals with Post-traumatic Growth and those suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. Method of this study is causal-comparative. The study population included all of the patients who refer to hospitals of Isfahan after having a vehicle accident. For the screening phase post-traumatic stress disorder inventory (PTGI) and PTSD checklist (PCL) were used. 22 persons for the PTSD group and 20 persons for the PCL group were selected purposively. Both these groups answered the Autobiographical memory test (AMT) and the short form of the Five-factor model. The analysis illustrates there are meaningful differences between these PTSD and PTG groups in neuroticism, extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness subscales in addition to Autobiographical memory, but there were no meaningful differences between these two groups in agreeableness.

Fear of guilt is a characteristic of obsessive-compulsive disorder, which confirms the centrality of guilt in obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

This study aims to investigate the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Iranian adaptation of the Fear of Guilt Scale.

This study was applied and developmental in terms of aim and psychometric type,respectively. The population included all the people of the three company in Tehran, Iran, in the year 2022 from which 520 adults, were selected by availabile sampling. The Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (2004) and the Fear of Guilt Scale (2016) were used to collect the data. Besides, mean, standard deviation (SD), exploratory  and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity and construct validity, SPSS version 26 and AMOS version 24 were run to analyze the data.

Confirmatory factor analysis revealed the existence of two factors: "punishment" and "prevention of harm." The scale demonstrated favorable convergent validity. Concerning scale reliability, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated at 0.90 for the entire scale, 0.88 for the "punishment" subscale, and 0.75 for the "prevention of harm" subscale which revealed the convergent and construct validity of this questionnaire.

This study confirms the psychometric properties of the Fear of Guilt Scale in terms of evaluating the features of fear of guilt in obsessive-compulsive disorder .Future researches can use this tool for the purposes of evaluating and investigating the fear of guilt in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder.

The present study aimed to present a cognitive model of resilience and investigate the relationship between executive functions and resilience mediated by cognitive emotion regulation strategies.

This study used the correlation method of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this study was all firefighters working in 131 fire stations in Tehran, Iran, in the first half of 2018. Among them, 207 firefighters were chosen by random sampling method. To collect data, the Resilience Questionnaire (Connor & Davidson, 2003), the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ, Garnefski, 2002), the Classic Stroop test (CST, 1935), and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test computer version (WCST, Berg et al, 1948) was used.

Data analysis, performed using structural equation modeling, demonstrated a significant positive correlation between executive functions and resilience (P<0.01). Similarly, a significant positive correlation was found between adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and resilience (P<0.01). However, a negative correlation was observed between maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and resilience (P<0.01). No significant correlation was found between executive functions and adaptive and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Furthermore, the non-linear effect of executive functions on resilience was found to be insignificant (P>0.05).

This model demonstrates a firm fit. The research findings suggest that resilience can be effectively predicted through executive functions. Furthermore, it enhances people's resilience by fostering cognitive emotion regulation strategies and executive functions.

The present study was conducted with the aim of design the post-traumatic growth pattern in burn patients. The qualitative research method was based on grounded theory, and the statistical population of the research was burn patients who were identified and introduced to the researchers through the support Association for Support of Burned Patients (Phoenix), Shahid Motahari Clinic and Hospital in 2019. The sampling method was initially purposeful and gradually continued as theoretical sampling. Based on the theoretical data saturation method, the sample size was 15 people who were interviewed. The post-traumatic growth questionnaire was used for screening, and those who scored higher than the average in this scale and met other entry criteria were selected. All the interviews were analyzed with Granheim and Landmann content analysis approach and with open, central and selective coding. The findings related to the concepts of post-traumatic growth included the main concepts of positive religious beliefs and a new outlook on life, The second finding in relation to the influencing factors (barriers and facilitators) of post-traumatic growth showed that the barriers include the main concepts of society's reactions, individual limitations, lifestyle disorders and individual mental states, and the facilitators include multifocal support, altruism. , motivation, modeling, mental and social security, dynamic interaction with others. The last finding of the research regarding the process of post-traumatic growth in burn patients showed that this process includes the main concepts of positive developments, spiritual changes and personal strength (resilience). The results of this research can be used as a model for formulating therapeutic and rehabilitation interventions in accordance with the existing cultural context for burn patients.

Post-traumatic growth emphasizes the fact that people experience positive changes in psychological, interpersonal and environmental dimensions after facing stressful events. The present study was conducted with the aim of developing and validating an educational program based on the post-traumatic growth model (PTG) and its effectiveness on the resilience and psychological well-being of patients with leukemia. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included patients referred to Tehran's Firouzgar Hospital in 1400, 30 patients were selected using voluntary and available sampling, and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The tools included Connor and Davidson Resilience Questionnaire (RIS-CD) and Ryff Psychological Well-Being (RSPWB). The treatment program was held during 12 sessions, and after two months, the experimental group was followed up again. The results of covariance analysis showed that the F value obtained for resilience variable and dimensions of psychological well-being including independence dimension, mastery of the environment, personal growth, positive communication, purpose in life and self-acceptance. It is meaningful and the educational program based on the pattern of post-traumatic growth is effective on resilience and dimensions of psychological well-being (P<0.05). The results of the repeated measurement analysis are significant (P<0.01) in order to check the lasting effect of the educational program on resilience and dimensions of psychological well-being. The educational program based on the post-traumatic growth pattern as an effective and special program can be used to improve resilience and psychological well-being of patients with leukemia.

Lack of cognitive flexibility intensifies an individual’s negative thoughts about oneself.

The present study aimed to design and validate an educational program based on the posttraumatic growth model and to evaluate its effectiveness in the cognitive flexibility of leukemia patients.

In this quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design, the statistical population consisted of all patients referred to Firouzgar Hospital of Tehran, Iran, in 2022. The sample size 30 patients were selected by the convenience sampling method and randomly allocated into the experimental and control groups. The Cognitive Flexibility Questionnaire (2010) was used to collect the required data. The educational program based on the posttraumatic growth model was held in 12 sessions, and a follow-up experiment was conducted to evaluate the durability of intervention effects. The results were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance and repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS version 22.

The results showed that the F-values measured for the components of cognitive flexibility, including the perception of controllability, perception of different options, and perception of behavior justification, were significant (P<0.01), suggesting the impact of the training program based on the posttraumatic growth model on cognitive flexibility. The results of repeated measures ANOVA also indicated the persistence of the effects of the training program on cognitive flexibility (P<0.01).

The result of the research showed that the training program according to the posttraumatic growth model was effective in cognitive flexibility, and its effect persisted until the follow-up period. Therefore, this program can be used as an effective intervention to improve the cognitive flexibility of patients with leukemia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of identity styles in the relationship between family communication patterns and personal responsibility in adolescents. The present study is basic research in terms of purpose and a correlational study in terms of method. The statistical population of the present study was all male and female students in the second secondary school in Tehran from Allameh Shearani sample school for boys in Region 2 and Nikan sample school for girls in Region 2 in 2022, among them, 300 people were selected as a sample using an available sampling method. Research questionnaires included: The personal Responsibility Scale (PRSA, Mergler & Shield, 2016), the Family Communication Patterns Questionnaire (FCP, Koerner & Fitzpatrick, 2002), and the Identity Style Inventory (ISI, Berzonsky, 1992). Path analysis was used to analyze the data. The results of the path analysis indicated that the model fit in well. The findings showed that conversation orientation and conformity orientation could indirectly predict personal responsibility in adolescents through identity styles (p<0.001). It can be concluded that family communication patterns & identity styles play a key role in personal responsibility in adolescents and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interacting with each other in personal responsibility promotion programs.

This investigation aimed to determine the efficacy of neurofeedback intervention on stress and anxiety symptoms in migraine patients. The research method was quasi-experimental and descriptive, with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design, as well as experimental and control groups. The statistical cohort included all migraine patients who consulted psychological clinics in Tehran in 2018 and 2019. Thirty patients with scores one standard deviation above the mean were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups from different institutions in Tehran province. Participants completed the Stress Resources and Stress Symptoms Questionnaire (SRSSQ) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI for the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. After 20 sessions of neurofeedback, the present study’s data were analyzed using the mixed design analysis of variance method and BioGraph Infiniti version 6 software. At the 0.01 significance level, it reduced physical symptoms (P<0.01, F=12.73), psychological/physical symptoms (P<0.01, F=8.87), behavioral symptoms (P<0.01, F=11.52), stress and anxiety (P<0.01, F=10.12). According to the results, neurofeedback may be used as a complementary treatment for patients with migraine and those with mental distress in order to reduce discomfort and acclimate to it more quickly and effectively

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of reality therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on depression and women's adaptation after abortion.

The research method was quasi-experimental of pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. The statistical population in this study included women after abortion who referred to a gynecologist in one of the gynecology and obstetrics clinics in the western part of Tehran, who after diagnosis (receiving treatment inquiry); Using the available sampling method, 45 people were selected and using a completely random method, they were divided into 3 groups of 15 people and were replaced in 3 groups: first experiment (15), second experiment (15) and control (15). The data collection instrument was a questionnaire, coping strategies and agreeableness, supplemented by women. Educational interventions were implemented with pre-established targets for women and the questionnaires were again executed and data analysis was carried out 50 days later.

The results showed that behavioral cognitive therapy and reality therapy was effective on depression (P<0.01) and adjustment (P<0.01) in post-abortion women. Also, the results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy has a better effect on the components of health adjustment, social adjustment, emotional adjustment and job adjustment than reality therapy.

It can be concluded that behavioral cognitive therapy and reality therapy was effective on depression and adjustment and can be used for post-abortion women.

Specific learning disability can significantly affect academic success and progress at any age. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing executive functions with sub-components of processing speed and working memory in children with and without dyslexia.

The method of this research is a descriptive causal-comparative one. The statistical population of the research was all male students with and without dyslexia, from the third to the fifth grade of elementary school who referred to learning disability centers in the academic year 1400-1401, out of which 60 people were selected by available sampling (30 people with dyslexia and 30 people without dyslexia). ) were selected and answered the Wechsler intelligence questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance.

Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance. In general, the findings of this research showed that the difference between the two sample groups is significant in terms of processing speed (F = 4.317, p = 0.003) and working memory (F = 5.342, p = 0.000).

According to the results obtained from the present research, paying attention to executive functions such as working memory and processing speed can lead to promising results in the timely diagnosis, education and rehabilitation of students with special learning disorders and learning difficulties.

The main element of quality of life is wellness, defined as the quality of life-related to health. Therefore, health does not only include estimating the amount and severity of the disease but also includes having good conditions and suitable quality of life. Achieving a satisfying and successful life will not be possible without paying attention to the issue of burnout in married life and trying to fix or reduce it. In this regard, it seems that the components of positive psychology, such as psychological capital, psychological stability, and wellness, as well as the relationship of these variables with married life, identifying this relationship and how to exploit it, have an important effect on the quality of life of couples. Therefore, this research was conducted to structurally model wellness based on psychological capital and psychological stability with the mediation of marital burnout.

The research method was analytical and structural equation modeling. The statistical population of this research included the students at Tehran Azad University, center branch in the academic year 2020–2021, and the sampling method was available. To select the sample size in modeling research, 15 people are needed for each obvious variable, and based on the 16 obvious variables, at least 240 people were needed. However, due to the dropout and the possibility of not completing all the questions of the questionnaires by the participants and predicting the lack of access to students due to the restrictions of the coronavirus, 540 questionnaires were distributed, of which 517 questionnaires were completely completed and could be analyzed. The inclusion criteria included students of Tehran Azad University over 18 years of age, having a marriage history of more than two years, subjects not suffering from a specific physical disease or psychological disorder, and not undergoing psychological treatment or special medication. The exclusion criterion was non–cooperation in completing the questionnaires. To collect data, the Five Factor Wellness Inventory (Myers & Sweeney, 2005), the Mental Toughness Questionnaire (Clough et al., 2002), the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans et al., 2007), and the Marital Burnout Scale (Pines, 1996) were used. This research used descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation). Also, the Pearson correlation coefficient and the structural equation modeling were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 and AMOS software version 24. The significance level of all tests was considered 0.05.

Examining the coefficients of the direct path between different paths showed that psychological capital with marital burnout (p<0.001, β=–0.45), psychological capital with wellness (p=0.001, β=0.14), marital burnout with wellness (p<0.001, β=–0.27), psychological stability with marital burnout (p<0.001, β=–0.58) and psychological stability with wellness (p<0.001, β=0.51), had significant direct relationships. Also, the indirect effect of psychological capital on wellness with the mediating role of marital burnout (p=0.001, β=0.23) and the indirect effect of psychological stability on wellness with the mediating role of marital burnout (p=0.001, β=0.29) was significant. The goodness of fit indices supported the good fit of the model with the collected data (χ2/df=2.834, GFI=0.956, NFI=0.913, CFI=0.932, AGFI=0.902, RMSEA=0.078).

Based on the research results, a person's reactions to his environment and his partner and his evaluation of these relationships can affect the success and understanding of emotions related to marital relationships. As a result, marital burnout is considered a bridge between personality traits such as psychological capital and psychological stability with people's health, and its changes affect the relationship between personality traits and wellness.

Disturbance in relationships is the basis and foundation of emotional disorders. Due to the growth of mood and communication problems in families, the concern about the quality of the parent-child relationships during adolescence has increased significantly in recent years.

Considering the importance of the role of attachment in solving the communication problems of families, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a therapeutic program developed based on attachment and by Iranian culture in improving the relationship between depressed and anxious adolescents and their parents.

This research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group, and a 6-week follow-up using a random selection of group members. The statistical population of the present study was 93 depressed and anxious teenagers visiting Rasht counseling centers in the age group of 14 to 18 years; based on the screening program (interview and implementation of the DASS-21 test), 48 people were selected and randomly replaced in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the indigenous program of attachment-based intervention developed by Diamond, Diamond, & Levy (2014). Analysis of variance with repeated measurements was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that the intervention used caused a significant difference in the improvement of the relationship between the test group and the control group, which indicates the effect of the intervention and the family therapy program developed based on attachment, in improving the communication context between depressed and anxious teenagers and their parents, and the effect of this The intervention did not return in the follow-up phase and remained stable.

Considering that the developed treatment provides useful solutions for the quality of the attachment relationship and improving the communication between teenagers and their parents, this program can be considered an effective treatment method.

he aim of this study was to investigate the development of identity of Iranian male adolescents in the context of counter-narrativeof their lives. The research method was qualitative,correlational. In the qualitative phase,the population consistedof male adolescents aged 15-20 years old,as well as psychologists,sociologists in Tehran in 2020. The adolescents wereselected by the convenience sampling method,the process of sampling was continued until theoretical saturation (19 people).Also,6 specialists were selected by the purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase,the population consisted of adolescents aged15-20 years old in Tehran in 2020,from which 218 people were selected by convenience sampling. In the qualitative phase,data werecollected through the life story interview (McAdams,1995),in the quantitative phase by a researcher-made questionnaire. In thequalitative phase,data were analyzed through the content analysis method,in the quantitative phase through the confirmatory factoranalysis. The results of content analysis showed that the counter narrative model of Iranian male adolescents includes componentssuch as voluntary lifestyle,sense of uniqueness,independence-seeking,competitiveness. The results of first-order factor analysisindicated that the model has a good fit with the data. The results of second-order factor analysis also showed that the sense of uniquenesshas the most contribution in the counter narrative model of Iranian male adolescents. According to the research findings,it canbe concluded that the modern,individualistic values have gained a significant contribution in the structure of counter narrative ofIranian male adolescents

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of emotional intelligence in the relationship between family communication patterns and personal responsibility in adolescents. The present study is basic research in terms of purpose and a correlational study in terms of method. The statistical population of the present study was all male and female students in the second secondary school in Tehran from Allameh Shearani sample school for boys in region 2 and Nikan sample school for girls in region 2 in 2022, among them, 300 people were selected as a sample using an available sampling method. Research questionnaires included: The personal Responsibility Scale (PRSA, Mergler & Shield, 2016), the Family Communication Patterns Questionnaire (FCP, Koerner & Fitzpatrick, 2002), and the Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (EIQ, Bradberry & Greaves, 2005). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. The results of the SEM indicated that the model fit in well. The findings showed that conversation orientation and conformity orientation with emotional intelligence and emotional intelligence had a direct relationship with personal responsibility (p< 0.001). Also, conversation orientation and conformity orientation could indirectly predict personal responsibility in adolescents through emotional intelligence (p<0.001). It can be concluded that family communication patterns & emotional intelligence play a key role in adolescents' personal responsibility, and it is necessary to pay attention to these factors in interacting with each other in personal responsibility promotion programs.

Diabetes is a major challenge for the global health system, especially during the Covid-19 epidemic. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Web-Based Motivational interviewing on disease indices and Health Related Quality of Life.

This before and after study with the control groups were conducted with the participation of 30 patients who have type 2 diabetes. These patients were referred to the Imam Khomeini Hospital's endocrinology clinic and Tehran health centers. The sampling method was an available sample that randomly divided into two equal intervention and control groups. Data were collected using health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire and biological indicators of disease, three-month blood sugar (HbA1c) and fasting blood sugar (FBS). Before the intervention, a pre-test was conducted for two groups. Motivational interviewingsessions were 90-minute sessions for five weeks for the intervention group, but the control group did not receive any intervention. The post-test questionnaires were administered on two occasions, one after two weeks and the other in the follow-up three months after the end of the intervention for the intervention and control groups. The biological indices of the disease were measured in the post-test once after three months. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance test with repeated measurements and SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 26.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA).

The mean (SD) of blood sugar for three months HbA1c in the interventional group was decreased from 7.3 (0.43) in the pre-test to 6.88 (0.62) in the post-test (P<0.001)and the sugar Fasting blood from 154.9 (24.9) to 134.8 (24.8) (P>0.001). Web-based motivational interviewingonthree-month blood sugar index (η2 = 0.226; P = 0.011) and fasting blood sugar (η2 = 0.167; P = 0.041) had a significant effect, and this effect was 22% for three-month blood sugar and for Fasting blood sugar was 16%, but it did not affect the health related quality of life.

The study showed that Web-based motivational interviewing decreased three-month fasting blood sugar. But, there was no effect on improving the health related quality of life.

Improving participation in voluntary activities in Iran is important because increasing productivity among young people, given the country's young population, contributes to community sustainability. Therefore, a better understanding of volunteer motivation in Iranian youth is needed. The Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) for assessing volunteer motivations has good psychometric properties and is adapted to several languages, but no validated Iranian translation yet exists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric Characteristics of voluntary functions inventory in members of Iranian Red Crescent Society. Sample size was 595 members of Youth Organization of Iranian Red Crescent Society from 31 provinces and 175 cities of Iran that were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and responded to voluntary functions inventory. Data were collected using a demographic sample and voluntary functions inventory (VFI). Confirmatory factor analysis using principal components method was used for data analysis. The results of the present study showed that the voluntary functions inventory had validity and reliability. Also, the factor structure showed that 29 items and 6 factors well assess people's attitudes to volunteering, and the structure of this inventory was well-fitted and confirmed all goodness of fit models. The present study provides the use of the Iranian translation of the Voluntary Functions Inventory (6 scales and 29 items) to assess volunteer motivation among young Iranian volunteers.

There is numerous evidence showing the fundamental behavioral changes in Iranian adolescents. These changes can probably be attributed to their identity issues. The aim of this study was to identify and validate the psychosocial model of Iranian adolescents' identity and determine its probable relationship with their behavioral changes.

The approach of this study was mixed. The narrative research was used in the qualitative phase and the correlation method was used in the quantitative phase. In the qualitative phase, the population consisted of male adolescents aged 15-20 years old, as well as psychologists and sociologists in Tehran in 2020. Nineteen adolescents were selected by volunteer sampling and six specialists by purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, the population consisted of adolescents aged 15-20 years old in Tehran in 2020, from which 218 people were selected by volunteer sampling. In the qualitative phase, data were collected through the life story interview (McAdams, 1995) and in the quantitative phase by a researcher-made questionnaire. In the qualitative phase, data were analyzed through the content analysis method and in the quantitative phase through the confirmatory factor analysis.

The results of content analysis as well as factor analysis indicated the master-narrative model of adolescents includes components such as family belonging, adherence to religious values and obedience to parents, and the counter-narrative model includes the voluntary lifestyle, sense of uniqueness, independence-seeking and competitiveness.

behavioral changes of Iranian male adolescents can be attributed to two main factors: 1- Conflict between some components of their counter-narrative and master-narrative 2- The relatively extreme status of some components of their narratives.

Anxiety disorders are the most common problems among children, with several adverse consequences.

The present study aimed to develop and validate a psychomotor intervention program and to investigate its effectiveness on anxiety, working memory, and attention in anxious female students.

This study was performed in two stages. First, a psychomotor intervention program was developed, and for validation, its content validity was examined. Next, the quasi-experimental method with a control group, pretest-posttest follow-up design was used. The statistical population of the study included all female elementary school students in District 6 of Tehran, Iran, in 2021. A total of 40 students were purposefully selected and assigned to the experimental and control groups. The psychomotor intervention was performed in 10 sessions (60 minutes per session). The Overt Anxiety Questionnaire, Stroop Test, Wechsler Subtests, and Visual Memory Test were used to collect data. For statistical analysis, repeated measures analysis of variance was performed in SPSS-22.

The results showed that the intervention program had adequate content validity and could significantly reduce anxiety (F=224.28, P<0.001) and improve working memory (F=24.25, P>0.001) and attention (F=9.67, P<0.001); its effects persisted until the follow-up.

Overall, psychomotor therapy could improve anxiety, attention, and working memory. Therefore, it may be used as a valid and effective intervention for managing anxiety and improving the students cognitive function.

Drug addiction occurs as a phenomenon in any country, whether developed or developing, and because of its consequences, this phenomenon falls into the category of social harms, which in itself is the cause of many other harms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the impulsivity of adolescents with drug addiction. The research method was quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included adolescent patients referred to addiction treatment camps in Tehran. The statistical sample of this study was 30 people who were selected by non-probability sampling from the available type and then randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Impulsivity questionnaire was used as a pretest, then cognitive-behavioral therapy was applied for the experimental group but no intervention was performed for the control group. In the last session, post-test was performed for both groups. Thus, the necessary data were collected to test the research hypotheses and the analysis of data was used to analyze the data. The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy significantly reduced the impulsivity of adolescents with addiction

Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is a continuous effort to deeply experience emotions and feelings as a healing element. research has also shown the efficacy of (ISTDP) on Meatal Disorders. therefore according to the research background, there was a research gap in the field of Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on burnout in the aviation industry.

The aim of this study was to to evaluate the efficacy of Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy (ISTDP) on Tehran air traffic control staff who experienced symptoms burnout.

This quasi-experimental study was a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The Statistical population included ATC in Tehran in 2019 all were tested by Saatchi and Hooman’s burnout questionnaires (2008), Out of 123 people identified in the screening, 30 participants whose burnout scores were higher than the cut-off point of 182 were selected for the study and in the next stage again by job stress 60 questions Osipow (1987), and a short form of quality scale of 26 questions of the WHOQLS- BREF (1996)Were evaluated and randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 15) and the control group (n = 15). The experimental group participated in 20 sessions of 90 minutes of Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using covariance test performed using SPSS 20

There was a significant difference between the two groups in the posttest in job stress, quality of life and self-efficacy. Experimental group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group(P <0.05)

Considering that Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy is effective in reducing negative emotions and burnout, in air traffic control staff, it can be He did it on more examples and in a other society.

Suicidal and self-harm behaviors are among the topics that have long been considered by clinical psychologists.

The present study aimed to compare suicidal and self-harm behaviors and the guilt and shame proneness among individuals with the "dark tetrad personality traits" and the "vulnerable dark triad"

The present cross-sectional study is a type of structural equation modeling that has been conducted using a large sample. The statistical population in the "general population" consists of all young people aged 18-40 in Tehran. The "clinical population" also included all people with suicidal and self-harm behaviors of the same age range. A total of 1876 people were included in the present analysis among which 1696 individuals were selected for the general population using online surveys and 180 ones in purposive sampling for the clinical population from psychiatric hospitals, and prisons located in Tehran. The research tools in the present study included the Short Dark Tetrad (SD4), Scales for vulnerable dark personality traits, the Guilt and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP), the Self-Harm Inventory (SHI) and Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Data were analyzed by SPSS-26 and AMOS-24 using a comparison of path coefficients and invariance Testing.

The findings indicated that only a statistically significant difference observed between the dark tetrad of personality traits and the vulnerable dark triad was self-harm behaviors (not Suicidal Behaviors) (P<0.001, t=6.603, ∆β=0.13). Also, people with vulnerable dark triad possessed more pathological shame (P<0.001, t=7.346, ∆β=0.21) compared to those with dark tetrad of personality traits.

It can be concluded that the vulnerable dark triad (Factor 2 psychopathy, vulnerable narcissism and BPD) is associated with an increasingly greater risk of self-harm behaviors and pathological shame compared to a dark tetrad of personality (Sadism, Psychopathy, Machiavellianism and Narcissism).

Some studies show that adults with attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have problems in planning, completing and finishing assignments, completing assignments on time, and completing work tasks on time. Procrastination is a common phenomenon that is known as a stable behavioral trait and is introduced as a failure in self–regulation. Time perception refers to the ability to estimate the length and timing of events. Considering the importance of the role of time perception and the problems caused by procrastination and the inability to manage time in adults with ADHD and also because little research has been done in the field of improving time perception and most research studies have investigated the factors affecting time perception, so the purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the psycho–cognitive training package on procrastination in students with ADHD.

The present study was one of the applied studies with a pretest–posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this research consisted of all students with ADHD who were referred to the Counseling Center of the University of Science and Arts. Of whom, 30 of them were selected through convenience sampling. Then, they were randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. The inclusion criteria were being in the age range of 18 to 24 years and having high scores on the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale–IV (BAARS–IV). The exclusion criteria were being absent from more than two sessions and not completing the questionnaires. Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale–IV (BAARS–IV) (Barkley, 2011) was used to diagnose people with this disorder, and Procrastination questionnaire (Savari, 2011) was used in the pretest and posttest to measure procrastination. The experimental group underwent psycho–cognitive training intervention for 16 sessions weekly for two months and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed at tdescriptive level (mean and standard deviation) and inferential level (Levene’s, Shapiro–Wilk, covariance analysis) at 0.05 level using SPSS21 software.

The results of covariance analysis by removing the effect of the pretest showed that the difference between the average scores of the experimental and control groups in the posttest was significant for procrastination (p<0.001) and its components including intentional procrastination (p=0.002), procrastination due to physical and mental fatigue (p=0.031), and procrastination due to lack of planning (p=0.043).

According to the findings, the psycho–cognitive training package reduces the procrastination of students with ADHD. Therefore, the mentioned treatment method is recommended to other specialists in this field.

Thinking and its interaction with emotions and behavior are the most challenging areas of psychology. The scientific study of thinking has been done to discover its general mechanisms and explain the processes involved in its anomalies. One of the most important forms of abnormal thinking is repetitive negative thinking. The transdiagnostic view of repetitive negative thinking argues that types of repetitive negative thinking are identified by similar processes that can be applied to a variety of disorders-related content. The present study investigated the effectiveness of transdiagnostic protocol based on acceptance and commitment repetitive negative thinking, depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

To conduct the study, we used the single-subject method of multiple baseline design. The statistical population of the research comprised the patients of the Psychiatry Department of Imam Hossein Hospital from February 2021 to May 2021. A single case study method was used during the initial baseline period and multiple separate assessment courses. In this way, we can examine the changes in the desired behaviors and symptoms in the subject. Then, the effectiveness of this treatment program based on acceptance and commitment focused on repetitive negative thinking individually and in 4 sessions was evaluated on reducing the rate of repetitive negative thinking and disorders of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Thirty-seven patients were evaluated, of whom, due to not completing the baseline steps, unwillingness to continue the process and request drug treatment, and explicit expression of suicidal ideation, during the evaluation and sample selection period, 6 people were finally stabilized and asynchronously entered the intervention program and completed the intervention steps. Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck et al., 1996), Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck et al., 1988), Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Goodman et al., 1989), and Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire-10 (McEvoy et al., 2010) were used to collect data. The data were analyzed based on analytic drawing, stable change index, and recovery rate methods.

Results show that with the training considered, the change in the magnitude of repetitive negative thinking in the depression group was decreasing and this decreasing trend was significant by taking into account the stable change index and the percentage of the recovery obtained. The greatest reduction in the size of negative thinking has occurred in depressed people. The percentage of improvement in the recurring thoughts of anxiety patients in this study in the treatment phase did not reach more than 50%. It should be noted that the final evaluation of the treatment phase is related to the implementation of the evaluation after the third session of treatment. But in the follow-up phase, which took place after the fourth session of treatment, two weeks apart, the recovery rate increased significantly. This percentage is ultimately above the recovery standard in the recovery percentage index. In addition, the stable change coefficient confirms the significance of this decreasing change. The effect of the intervention program in reducing repetitive negative thoughts of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder after the third treatment session and the last evaluation of the treatment phase was weak. Neither of the two clinical specimens reached the standard of recovery. One person from the obsessive-compulsive disorder group has grown to more than 50% in the rate of repetitive thoughts in the follow-up phase. The lowest mean decrease in the rate of repetitive thoughts among groups is related to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Although the stable change index for the obsessive-compulsive group indicates the significance of the changes, that is, these changes are not the result of measurement error or mere accident, the effect size of the intervention variable is not optimal. The average recovery rate in the group with obsessive-compulsive disorder is not significant and acceptable.

According to the results, repetitive negative thinking is a transdignostic construct that is correctable with acceptance and commitment components. However, the role of specific factors is needed to be investigated.

The family is one of the main pillars of Islamic society and women play an important role in it. However, extramarital affairs, which are also considered adultery, can destroy the family structure. One of the essential teachings in Islamic culture is the use of spiritual and religious dimensions. Various studies have shown that personal characteristics play a major role in extramarital relationships. Impulsivity, which is one of the main structures of personality, along with low responsibility, is a strong predictor of extramarital relationships. For most people, infidelity is having sex with a third party outside of a marital relationship. Assertiveness means the ability to express feelings, opinions, and attitudes honestly and without feeling anxious. Since abstinence in everything, including sexual issues, requires the acquisition of "skills," one of the important issues is the training of sexual abstinence skills. Therefore, considering the effect of extramarital relationships on the family system, this study aimed to investigate the effect of sexual abstinence education based on Islamic teachings on impulsivity, assertiveness, infidelity, and self–confidence of women involved in extramarital relationships.

This research was conducted as a single–subject study with an ABA design. The statistical population of the study was all women involved in extramarital affairs who were referred to Saeedeh Institute of Mental Development and Counseling in Tehran city, Iran between July and September 2016. The sampling method was purposeful and 5 people were selected who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria included being 25 years or older, holding a diploma or higher degree, and signing a written consent. The exclusion criteria included the presence of personality disorders, substance use, medication and cognitive–behavioral therapy up to three months before the study. Data collection tools were Eysenck Self–Confidence Questionnaire (Eysenck, 1977), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (Patton et al., 1995), Assertiveness Inventory for Adults (Gay et al., 1975), and Attitudes toward Infidelity Scale (Whatley, 2008). Before starting the treatment, to determine the baseline, the variables of impulsivity, assertiveness, infidelity, and self–confidence were tested (stage A). Then the training stage (stage B) was performed and during the training, the variables were measured, and finally, an evaluation was performed for follow–up (stage A). The treatment protocol was prepared and evaluated by Kheirkhah (2021). After preparing the initial draft of the techniques and steps of the treatment, the intervention sessions were reviewed at different times by the supervising professors and the presentation of the techniques was modified. Then sexual abstinence intervention was presented to eight experts who had the necessary knowledge for a survey. Data analysis was performed using reliable change index (RCI) and improvement percentage methods.

The results showed that, the improvement rate of the variable of infidelity was more than 80% in the subjects. Also, the variables of assertiveness improved between 53% to 87%, impulsivity between 50% to 61%, and self–confidence between 50% to 136% which was clinically significant. Also, the average reliable change index (RCI) was calculated once after the end of all intervention sessions and once after the follow– up session. This index was greater than 1.96 in all variables and all subjects, indicating an improvement in the research variables in the subjects.

Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that the educational package of sexual abstinence based on Islamic teachings reduces impulsivity and infidelity and increases assertiveness and self–confidence in people involved in extramarital affairs.

 Conventional psychiatric treatments have weaknesses in the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and have little effect on skill-training and community-based areas. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of the Community Re-entry Program as a community-based complementary therapy in increasing therapeutic compliance and reduction of relapse and rehospitalization in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

The present study was performed by quantitative method with repeated measures and using randomized clinical trial (RCT) research design. The statistical population of the study included all patients who were admitted to the acute wards of Raazi Psychiatric Hospital between January 20 and March 20, 2017, with a diagnosis of at least one of the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A total of 80 patients with inclusion criteria were selected by simple random sampling and randomly assigned to the intervention (40 patients) and control (40 patients) groups using a random number table. The Intervention method was the “Community Re-entry Program” which was performed in 16 group sessions with a frequency of 4 sessions per week, in combination with conventional psychiatric treatment in the experimental group, while the patients in the control group received only conventional psychiatric treatment. The only tool used in the present study was a demographic questionnaire and the variables of therapeutic compliance and reduction of relapse and rehospitalization were also evaluated at intervals of 1, 3, and 6 months after discharge through telephone interviews with patients' families. The use of drugs, relapse of the symptoms, and rehospitalization of patients were evaluated in the mentioned time periods. Collected information and data were analyzed using SPSS-16.

 The results showed that the implementation of community re-entry program in combination with conventional psychiatric treatment had an effect on increasing therapeutic compliance ( = 40/145, P= 0/001) and reduction of relapse ( = 45/54, P= 0/001) and rehospitalization rates ( = 40/75, P= 0/001) in patients.

 The Community Re-entry Program, as an adjunct to conventional psychiatric treatment, is one of the effective interventions to increase therapeutic compliance and reduce the rate of relapse and rehospitalization. In order to compensate for the weakness of conventional psychiatric treatment in increasing therapeutic compliance and reducing the relapse and rehospitalization rate of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders, non-pharmacological complementary therapies such as Community Re-entry Programs can be used.