فریده حق شناس کاشانی

Today, in Iran and all over the world, steel plays a crucial role in production and industrial sectors. Therefore, to increase and stabilize exports and eliminate the dependence of the country's budget on oil; adopting policies to diversify and expand the export of non-oil goods, especially the steel, by removing obstacles and adopting appropriate solutions in all developing countries with a single-product economy, including Iran, is inevitable.The purpose of this article is investigating the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on export of steel accordingly in MIDAS modeling framework. this model makes it possible to review former steel export forecasts and revise them regarding the impact of exchange rate fluctuations on steel industry exports, if more reliable data is available. In the estimated Midas model, annual statistics of steel exports, steel production, real and uncertain production, exchange rate, monthly variables of exchange rate and sanctions index are utilized during from 1992 until 2021. The results show that there is a positive relationship between the exchange rate and steel exports, and the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and steel exports is negative, therefore these effects are more intense in the long term.

The aim of the current research is to design a marketing intelligence model based on new product development in Iran's automotive industry and to identify the relationships between the components, antecedents and consequences of the model. The current research method is of mixed type - exploratory design, in the qualitative stage based on the foundational data theory and in the quantitative stage descriptive survey. The sampling method was purposeful in the qualitative stage and continued until theoretical saturation was reached and finally 15 in-depth interviews were conducted. The number of samples in the quantitative stage was 385. The results of data coding in the qualitative stage led to the creation of a paradigmatic model, and for the quantitative part of the research, a process model was used. , marketing intelligence, market orientation of management, information technology, evaluation of development of roadmap of product features, customization of products and services based on customer taste, evaluation of new product development process and the final dependent variable include reduction of new product development waste, customer satisfaction, competitiveness. . The results indicate the confirmation of 16 research hypotheses, which indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between the components.

Banks are looking for this to be able to monitor the effectiveness of granted facilities within the framework of corporate governance. Because one of the most important current damages in the banking system is the failure to use the granted facilities correctly, which leads to the deviation of the facilities, and any weakness and shortcoming in this regard causes the blocking of large resources from the banks and the reduction of the speed of money. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to design a corporate governance model for effective monitoring of bank loans, which is the case study of the National Bank of Iran. The current research is qualitative. The community of experts studied are some senior managers of the National Bank of Iran in Tehran. These experts were selected by purposeful sampling and in the form of a snowball, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve of them until reaching theoretical saturation. Validity of the model has been checked by expert review and reliability by retest method, and fifty sub-themes, twenty-one organized themes and ten overarching themes have been identified using the theme analysis method.

The research is of qualitative and exploratory type and it is an extension research because by presenting a model, it seeks to expand the concept of corporate governance to effectively monitor the facilities granted by National Bank. The data collection method is field and library. The tool for collecting data in the field is a semi-structured interview. The statistical community of experts includes some managers of central offices of National Bank in Tehran. The number of these managers is thirty. Ten of these experts were interviewed by the snowball method in a targeted manner, but the interview was continued with two other experts to achieve theoretical adequacy. The data obtained from the interviews have been studied and analyzed with thematic analysis method. In thematic analysis, after conducting each interview quickly and without delay, coding is done until all interviews and first round codings are done. Then the second and third rounds of coding are done to obtain the research model. Internal validity is measured by the review method by experts, and reliability is checked by the retest method.Results  and

The corporate governance models presented in our country have a structural weakness.  Because the design of the corporate governance system model for banks is derived from the existing reality of the nature of banks, and the real nature of Iranian banks is their government status. This is despite the fact that the implementation of corporate governance in a bank with government ownership or control is not efficient enough. The exploratory nature of the present research, by clarifying the dark and ambiguous corners of the implementation of corporate governance in banks, has succeeded in discovering its unknown facts and methods in order to effectively monitor the facilities granted in the National Bank of Iran. 

The developed model for corporate governance to effectively monitor the granted facilities is shown in chart No. 1 listed on page 12, and the proposed model can be used and exploited for the National Bank of Iran and other similar banks. According to the opinion of experts and the researcher's interpretative view, the following suggestions are presented:1- in addition to exercising sufficient care in the selection of employees, special attention should also be paid to the issue of succession, training and strengthening of specialized human resources.2- while institutionalizing the thinking of responsibility, the necessary grounds for strengthening and continuity of this aspect of corporate governance should always be considered by bank managers..3- In order to provide various products, especially in the field of granting facilities and effectively monitoring its various stages, banks should use electronic tools to know how and how to use payment facilities.4- The laws related to the corporate governance system should be formulated in the amendment bill of the trade law.5- Correct implementation of corporate governance can contribute to a great extent in timely and appropriate response to all stakeholders.6- The employees of each of the three control departments of the facility should be different and one employee should not be used to control and monitor all three control departments.7- When granting the facility or even before any payment of the facility, the relevant officer in the bank should clearly announce the exact terms of payment of the facility installments to the applicants to receive the facility.8- They should distance themselves from bureaucracy and take steps towards becoming agile.9- Intelligent systems for collecting, archiving and disseminating information should be implemented in the facilities department.10- The implementation of corporate governance should be carefully followed up with consideration of the rights of all stakeholders. Examining the findings of the current research with the results of previous research shows the comprehensiveness of the current research and its similarity with the results of the findings of other researchers. For example, Rezaei, Sharifi, and Etimadi Ahri (1400), Falah, Haqshanas, and Rezaian (1399), Kurd, Bagheri, and Mohibi (1399), Isaei and Hasannia (1399), Babajani (1399), Rezaei and Nazimi (1398), Farzin Vash (2016), Seyd Noorani (2016), Ramadan Nia and Rezaei (2016), Talebi (2015), Mohajaran (2015), Yahyapour (2014), Sepe Vand (2014), Kashif Bahrami (2014), Manzoor and Yadi Pour (2017) also, from foreign researches similar to the research, we can refer to the researches of Sakawa, Hideaki et al. Haveril Chek (2018), Agarwal (2016), Masri, Abdul Fattah and Al Bahar (2016), Young et al. (2006), Alford (2006), Brindle (2005), Young (2001), Talwar (1999).

The purpose of this research is to present the fintech market development model with an emphasis on existing challenges and strategies. The research method is applicable in terms of purpose, thematic analysis type in terms of execution method (qualitative-quantitative), fundamental in terms of its nature, and exploratory-correlative in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of the research includes 20 managers and experts of fintech companies active in the field of payment with the license of Shaperk, including Zarinpal, Asan-Dariaft, Balle Financial Messenger, EasyPay, Iranian credit and point cards. The sampling method is done in a judgmental manner, and the interviews continued until reaching theoretical saturation. The method of data collection and analysis is interview and thematic analysis in the qualitative part, and questionnaire and content validity technique (CVR) and semi-structured interview data collection tool in the quantitative part. The results of the research showed that the challenges of fintech market development include insufficient infrastructure, regulatory and legislative barriers, difficulty of working with public/general customers, mistrust of technology and fintech, low levels of income and product pricing challenges, and cultural barriers. Also, fintech market development strategies include community participation in the marketing process, use of social networks, smart and optimal advertising, useful and valuable content production, branding, adaptation of communication strategies to the nature of the fintech market, geographic and cultural segmentation of the market, and also training to the customer.

The purpose of this research is to design a model of predictive factors of entrepreneurial opportunities in international companies. The research method is applicable in terms of purpose, and qualitative in terms of its implementation. The statistical population of the research includes 17 managers and experts active in the field of entrepreneurship, and the sampling was done in a purposeful and snowball manner, and the interviews continued until reaching theoretical saturation. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. Data-based method was used to collect and analyze data. Data analysis and pattern design were done in three stages of open, central, and selective coding. For data analysis, MAXQDA 18 software was used for coding. In the open coding stage, 305 preliminary codes were identified out of the analysis of the interviews. In the second stage; core coding based on research findings, the concept of entrepreneurial opportunities was chosen as the core phenomenon. Causal conditions were placed in the form of seven categories: unexpected events, changes based on industry and market structure, shortage based on methods, contradictory situation, change based on values and knowledge, new knowledge, and demographic characteristics; and the four main categories were selected include organizational strategies, market related strategies, business strategies, and effective performance management. Intervening factors were identified in two strengthening and weakening categories. Capital, corporate factors, social learning, gathering and studying information, individual characteristics, and social factors were determined as the background factors of entrepreneurial opportunities. Finally, the consequences of predictors of entrepreneurial opportunities were determined in two categories: financial and tangible, and non-financial and intangible.

The present research was conducted with the aim of designing and explaining the succession model with the approach of talent management in the Islamic Republic of Iran Army. This research used a mixed method to obtain a practical model and consisted of two parts: qualitative (foundation data theory method) and quantitative (method of structural equations) is used. The results showed that the presented qualitative model consists of causal conditions (organizational structure, intra-organizational management, policy and upstream documents, background conditions (education and training, human resources capabilities, laws and guidelines), central category ( Evaluating selected candidates, progress of selected candidates, selecting and attracting and employing talent), intervening conditions (people, organizational limitations, supportive atmosphere of the organization), strategies (optimization of succession-training program, talent maintenance, promotion and development of talent, identification key positions), outcomes (strengthening the succession culture, evaluating the effectiveness of the succession system, developing talent management). After testing the mentioned model, the prioritization of each of its components was determined and presented. In the following, the test of the presented model was discussed and finally the research hypotheses and their test results were presented.

loans deviation is one of the major problems of the banking system in the country. Basically, until now, banks have not applied effective supervision that is completely desirable on their granted loans, and this indicates that corporate governance in banks is far from optimal conditions. The purpose of this article is to present a new corporate governance model for banks to effectively monitor loans. In this model, ten dimensions, twenty one components and fifty internal performance indicators have been introduced. Human capital, accountability, justice seeking, information transparency, organizational dynamic capabilities, effective policies and procedures, risk management, accountability, rules and regulations, and the use of electronic tools. The aim of this article is to fill the literature gap by proposing new dimensions in the field of international corporate governance in banking, which examines other effective internal and external factors that have not been investigated by previous researchers and provides a complete model. The proposed model can be used by shareholders, depositors and financial institutions at the national and international level to monitor the process of corporate governance practices to effectively monitor the loans sector in the banking sector.

The present study mainly aims to model the individual investors' behavior in the capital market following the neural financial approach. The present study is categorized as mixed method research. The grounded theory and the technique of the structural equations were used in the qualitative and quantitative parts. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire. The sampling continued until theoretical saturation, which was achieved after 17 interviews. Then, the behavioral model of individual investors with antecedents and consequences was developed based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin's theory in three main steps, including open, axial, and selective coding. The results indicated that the causal conditions affecting investors' behavior in the same contextual conditions are generally in two main groups of neuropsychological and demographic factors. In a quantitative part, it was found that neuropsychological factors are effective with an intensity of 79%. Among the components of this variable, emotional behavior and location had the most and the least impacts, respectively, and the demographic factors were effective with an intensity of 12%. Financial support and gender also had the most and the least impact among the components of this variable, respectively.

The main problem of the present study is expressed as follows: What are the factors of new product development for the automobile industry to reach world class and how are they ranked? The research method used in this research is of a mixed type and qualitatively and quantitatively. In the first part, using the qualitative approach of theme analysis, using the community of experts, until reaching the level of theoretical saturation, we use specialists and experts of the automotive industry. In the quantitative part of the research, it is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this research was the presidents, vice presidents and managers of the automobile industry, and 15 of them were selected for interviews, to collect information related to theoretical foundations and to extract primary factors and indicators, library and internet sources including books, articles were used, and interviews and questionnaires were also used to collect data. In a small part, after using the exploratory factor analysis using the fuzzy EHP method, the factors were ranked. The results showed that finally, based on the FAHP ranking method, the development of a new product to reach the world class in the automotive industry can be divided into several important components, including, in order of priority: management ability, customer-related factors, factors related to product characteristics, organizational ability, external factors, individual ability, cultural factors, technological factors, and process factors.

Nowadays, the optimal location of hypermarket stores is considered important both in terms of urban planning and human settlements, as well as in terms of private sector investment and the concept of marketing and trade, and paying attention to this issue will solve many problems in both areas. Also, paying attention to the social welfare of citizens is one of the effective components in ensuring public participation and obtaining collective satisfaction. Therefore, one of the examples of this issue can be seen in setting up stores and shopping centers.

The purpose of this study is to locate hypermarkets with an emphasis on spatial and local indicators for use in planning the construction of new stores to cover the shortage hypermarkets in Rasht.

The current research method is descriptive-analytical and geographical information systems and network analysis process have been used to investigate the issue.Geographical territory of the research: The geographical territory of this research is the metropolis of Rasht.

The findings of the research and problem solving revealed that according to the defined local and spatial criteria, the current hypermarket stores in the metropolis of Rasht are not located in the suitable places.

According to the research results, 13 places were proposed for the construction of new hypermarkets in district 3, 4, and 5 of Rasht Municipality, which due to the high population density of Rasht metropolis can be expected that with the construction of this new store next to existing stores, the needs of residents of this city will be met.

The general goal of this research is to provide a model to explain the behavior of real investors in the Iranian capital market with an emphasis on local indicators.

The research is done using applied and qualitative method based on grounded data theory technique. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and theoretical sampling continued until the categories were saturated. Then, based on the theoretical systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin in the three main steps of open, central and selective coding, the paradigm model of investors' behavior was presented with emphasis on local indicators.

The findings showed that the central category of the paradigm model and the causal conditions affecting the behavior of investors, in terms of background and involved factors, are placed in two main groups: behavioral-psychological and demographic factors, which are 19 categories of behavioral and psychological factors and demographic factors. 5 categories have the most importance on the behavior of investors.

Originality / Value: 

In many studies, only the semi-conscious aspect of the mind and with medical equipment has been addressed. While in this study, the conscious and alert aspects of investors' minds have been analyzed.

In today's competitive market environment, gaining a good position and loyal customers is very important. This research is a mix of qualitative method with granded theory approach and quantitative method. In order to identify the factors affecting loyalty in the first step, 19 experts who were selected by non-probability sampling method and purposeful type, were interviewed in two stages. Based on the findings of Maxqda software, the initial research model was explained. In a quantitative phase, by designing a questionnaire based on the model obtained from the qualitative section and its distribution among e-banking customers of Saderat Bank in Tehran who were selected by stratified random sampling, the model using SPSS, smart PLS3 and Structural equation technique was tested. Findings show: dedication and constraint factors affect loyalty and constraint factors such as inertia and switching cost will affect dedication factors, and finally the loyalty model of e-banking customers in Iran with two aspects of cognition-emotion-behavior and dedication and constraint factors Provided.

Paying attention to and adhering to ethical principles is a very important and vital issue in achieving the development indicators of research and science production. This article was done with the aim of explaining the indicators of professional ethics in research from the point of view of medical science experts.                 

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach. 11 people from different groups were selected from among the specialists of medical sciences universities who were the statistical population of this study by purposive sampling method. The data was collected by conducting semi-structured interviews about the impact of professional ethics indicators in medical research and analyzed using the content analysis method.

The results of the data analysis were 403 initial codes, after removing unrelated items and merging similar codes, 239 codes in four main variables; Background, professional ethics, strategy and results were obtained.

Based on research findings, indicators and components of professional ethics in medical research are multifaceted and are expressed in individual, organizational and social dimensions. Attention to cultural and social values, awareness of standards, compliance with the basics of professional ethics, enrichment of research ethics committees, training, creating motivation and healthy competition, correct budgeting, evaluation and monitoring, matching and directing research towards goals and the ideals of society are among the basic things that should be taken into consideration.

World-class production is an important discussion in the field of production management. The fast-paced and turbulent business conditions in today's world have caused many commercial institutions that had a special position in the market of their field of activity to be in a situation where competitors from the farthest parts of the world threaten their existence, while with the growth of information technology It is difficult to imagine an area for the performance of an organization. Organizations must be able to compete globally in order to gain a competitive advantage at the global level. Various factors play a role in the implementation of world-class production in the organization, not considering each of them can lead to failure in the implementation of world-class production. One of the new and controversial phenomena in today's industrial societies and production organizations, how to achieve They are world class and provide products and services at this level.

In Iran recently due to the intensification of economic sanctions and the reduction of oil revenues, the increase in tax revenues has become an important source of revenue for the government, so it is important to pay attention to the central role of taxpayers. Understanding the difference between taxpayers' tax behavior (tax compliance or tax evasion) requires understanding their differences in attitude, which is a function of cultural norms. Investigating and understanding the factors affecting "tax morale" as the motivation and the intrinsic tendency of taxpayers (to pay or not to pay taxes) is very necessary.The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of culture on tax morale. The statistical population of the research is the taxpayers of Tehran tax offices. The standard questionnaires were used for the research. And the structural equation modeling with PLS approach was used to confirm the relationships between variables. Research shows that tax culture and corporate culture have a significant impact on tax morale. Therefore, policymakers and legislators should pay special attention to features such as culture in the formulation of tax strategies and laws because the manner in which Moody's responds and responds to the success and failure of those strategies and laws is crucial.

The purpose of this study is to identify the dimensions of the business system in the re-engineering model in the public banking industry with emphasis on customer orientation. The present study was qualitative and used grounded theory. Therefore, the research method is fundamental in terms of purpose. The population studied in this study includes bank managers and experts working in different sectors of the banking industry in Tehran. Sampling is unlikely and will continue until theoretical saturation is reached, based on which 11 people were interviewed. To analyze the data, data coding (open, axial, selective) was used, which includes taking notes during coding, the relationship of categories with each other, and finally the final formulation of the theory. The results showed that the five dimensions or factors of providing the maximum benefits to the banking industry stakeholders, speed and cheapness of services, application of rules and standards, observance of banking management frameworks and creation and improvement of methods leading to banking industry customers can re-engineer the entire business Iranian banking should be effective by emphasizing customer orientation.

In recent years, the lack of a standard framework and the lack of a proper planning for the location of chain stores have caused most of these commercial locations not to be located according to defined standards; instead of scientific and knowledge-based work, it is mostly arbitrary. On the other hand, in most cases, the method of replacing stores in decision-making institutions is done with traditional methods and without scientific justification, and it is rather experimental and subjective. As a result, difficult access for customers and low sales and profitability have been among its consequences. Therefore, today, one of the reasons of the failure of chain stores is the lack of proper location in this area. This research is descriptive in terms of purpose and applied in terms of results. In this study, the factors affecting the optimal location of chain stores were graded using interpretive structural modeling. The geographical territory of this research is Guilan province. Considering the importance of recognizing the effective factors in the optimal location of chain stores, in this study, first, by reviewing the literature and research background, important factors were identified based on the use of experts in the field of marketing and urban geography; out of about 45 effective factors,17 main ones were identified. In the next step, using a new analytical methodology called “interpretive structural modeling,” the relationships between the dimensions and indicators of the process are determined and analyzed in an integrated manner. The results of interpretive structural modeling showed that the indicators of demographic characteristics of the region, economic factors of customers, and market attractiveness are in the sphere of influence. These indicators have high influential power with minimal dependency which broadens an understanding of the other indicators. This study presents a model for determining the causal relationships among the variables affecting the location of chain stores. The results of this study help investors and decision-makers in urban geography to choose the most appropriate path for the development of chain stores.

Continuing to provide electricity services as a vital infrastructure of society requires the cooperation and participation of the consumers. Therefore, wasteful energy consumption or the inability to provide electricity, threatens the economic and social life of society. Given that governance is at the center of public policies, the participation of stakeholders with interests in energy supply can bring about many benefits to the country both in the short and long term. The purpose of managing electricity demand is to save energy and be able to meet the managed needs of electricity services in the country. Thus, the aim of this study is to design a participatory governance model for managing electricity demand in Iran. The research method employed was qualitative in terms of the data, and developmental and applied in terms of purpose. The participants in this study consisted of 9 managers and experts in electricity supply and demand in the country. They were selected by non-probability purposive sampling and their selection volume was determined based on theoretical saturation. Data collection was done through in-depth semi-structured interviews and data analysis was done using the content analysis technique by coding and extracting the content network. The results led to the identification of indicators of system context, factors affecting participation, participation, facilitator of participation and achievements of participation. Implementing a model developed in the country's electricity industry can have many benefits, such as, providing essential electricity supply, cost savings, environmental benefits, the economic efficiency of consumers and the generalizability of participatory models for solving public problems in the country.

This study aims to design and explain the succession model with talent management approach in the army of I.R. of Iran in 1400. In this qualitative research, commanders, professors and experts of the academic community, as well as specialists and managers of the army of the I.R. of Iran (Colonel and General) with the highest education and experience, as knowledgeable experts, were selected and interviewed. In this study, unstructured and in-depth interviews have been used to collect data; then data analyzed through coding (open, axial and selective coding) and MAXQDA software. Finally, a qualitative model is presented which consists of causal conditions (organizational structures, internal management, policies and documents) thematic conditions (education and training, manpower capabilities, laws and instructions), central category (evaluation and progress of selected people, selection, recruitment and employment of talent), moderating conditions (individuals, organizational constraints, supportive atmosphere of the organization), strategies (optimization of succession program, retention of talent, promotion and development of talent, identification of key positions) and outcomes (strengthening the culture of succession, evaluating the effectiveness of the succession system, developing talent management).

The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the factors of sports ethics policy making using Demetel technique which has been answered qualitatively and quantitatively by using mixed research. In this research, first through interviews with 19 sports managers and professors (consisting of professors at the doctoral level, World and Asian champions, national team coaches, high-level sports directors and sports book authors) Then, in the second step of the analysis, 15 experts in the field of public policy, managers and experts working in the Ministry of Sports and Youth were hired by using the Demetel method. Findings showed that the factor of ethnic diversity and philosophy of ethics as two underlying factors play an important role in shaping the process of sports ethics policy-making. In other words, paying attention to these factors can provide the process of formation of other factors

The Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad, as one of the important centers for food security, plays a critical role in offering public goods and services to citizens. So, upgrading the level of organizational ethics in the ministry will improve the performance (agricultural development) and its social responsibilities. This study was an exploratory type; the qualitative part used the content analysis method and the quantitative part used the factor analysis method. Participants in the qualitative part consisted of elites and agricultural exports, and 12 people were interviewed until a saturation point was reached. In the quantitative part, the statistical population was top, middle, and basic managers of the Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad, of which 291 people were selected by stratified random sampling method. The findings of the qualitative part showed 75 Basic content themes, 13 organizer themes, and 6 comprehensive themes. The findings of the quantitative part showed that in the ministry of Agriculture-Jahad and dependent organizations, the dimension of "rules, procedures, and structure of the organization" was less than the expected frequency. According to the importance of governmental structures in the development of agricultural development, the promotion of the level of ethics at the Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad will facilitate the realization of the fundamental purpose of this organization, namely agricultural development.

In today's society, we are witnessing the increasing attention of individuals and institutions to ethical marketing. Given the importance of the banking industry, the purpose of this study was to design an ethical marketing model in the banking industry.

The present study was qualitative and based on the data theory of the foundation and in particular the systematic design of Strauss and Corben was used in it. The statistical population included bank managers, policy makers and experts in the field of marketing and human resource management who were selected from 21 people by theoretical sampling method until the categories reached theoretical saturation. The research tool was an unstructured in-depth interview. Qualitative data were analyzed using open, centralized and selective coding.

In the open coding stage, 87 categories were obtained, which in the next step, these categories were classified into 30 general categories, and finally, in the selective coding stage, 29 sub-categories were expressed in the form of 8 main categories.

Based on the research results, 8 main categories were identified, including individual factors (managers 'attitudes toward ethical marketing, meritocracy, and attention to managers' abilities and skills); Organizational factors (organizational culture, laws and regulations, organizational structure and financial and physical resources); Underlying factors (management and macro-policy-making and employee ethics); Environmental factors (role of government, socio-cultural factors and economic factors); Micro-level strategies (paying attention to meritocracy in bank management, ethical training of bank managers and delegating authority to employees); Macro-level strategies (sharing the experiences of bank managers, organizational independence, and reviewing and refining laws and regulations); And there are individual consequences (customer satisfaction and increasing customer loyalty) and organizational consequences (improving efficiency and effectiveness, accountability and organizational reputation) in the ethical marketing process model of the banking industry.

Qualification and assessment of job competencies of drivers increase productivity and reduce the rate of bus accidents. Among the important benefits of pre-employment qualification is the increased level of job compatibility of urban bus drivers. This paper aims to design a competency model for urban bus drivers in Tehran. The research method is quantitative and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population includes 2000 private-sector drivers of urban buses in Tehran. The quantitative sampling method is simple random due to the homogeneity of the statistical population. The relevant questionnaire was distributed through probability sampling based on Cochran’s equation among 321 drivers. The results were obtained by analyzing data through confirmatory factor analysis using the factor loading rotated matrix. The weight factors for the the codes were calculated between 0.702 and 0.990 and for the categories between 0.841 and 0.980. The results confirmed all the seven dimensions, which had been obtained previously from the qualitative grounded theory through in-depth and semi-structured interviews with experts. These dimensions include general competencies, physical health, psychological health, driving knowledge, driving skills, communication skills, and cognitive ability.