فهرست مطالب محبوبه اکبری

This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of emotion control in the relationship between behavioral inhibition/activation systems (BIS/BAS) and social anxiety (SA) in adolescent students. The statistical population of this descriptive correlational study consisted of all adolescent students of the high schools of Tehran, Iran, in 2021. A total of 18 high schools were chosen by cluster sampling to select samples from the educational districts of Tehran. Of these high schools, 564 students were selected through convenience sampling. Research data were gathered using the BIS/BAS scale (Carver & White, 1994), the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) (Connor et al., 2000), and Emotion Control Questionnaire (ECQ) (Roger & Najarian, 1989). Finally, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the model. The research results indicated an acceptable fit of the structural model with collected data. Also, the findings revealed a significant direct relationship between BIS/BAS with emotion control and BIS and emotion control with SA. Moreover, a significant indirect relationship was extracted between BIS/BAS with SA through the mediating role of emotion control. Overall, it was concluded that the sensitivity levels of BIS/BAS might exacerbate the symptoms of SA by developing maladaptive strategies of emotion control in adolescent students. Therefore, emotion regulation training, taking into account the sensitivity of behavioral brain systems, can be an effective step in preventing and alleviating students’ social anxiety.

The aim of the present study was the modeling of social anxiety based on brain-behavioral systems, attachment to parents and peers, and social self-efficacy mediated by emotion control among adolescents. This research was descriptive correlational using a structural equation modeling method. The statistical population included all of Tehran's secondary school students during the year 2021. In order to select the sample, eighteen schools were initially selected through cluster sampling. Then, of these, 564 individuals entered the study by convenience sampling method and responded to the Scales of Behavioral Inhibition and Behavioral Activation Systems (BIS/BAS, Carver & White, 1994), Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA, Armsden & Greenberg, 1987), Self-Efficacy for Social Situations (SESS, Gaudiano & Herbert, 2003), Emotion Control (ECQ, Roger & Najarian, 1989), and Social Phobia (SPIN, Connor et al., 2000). The results of this research indicated an acceptable fit of the proposed model with the collected data. According to the results, the behavioral inhibition system positively (P<0.01) and behavioral activation system (P<0.05), attachment to parents and peers, and social self-efficacy (P<0.01) negatively have a significant effect on social anxiety through emotional control mediation. So, according to the moderating role of emotion control, the advancement of emotional regulation skills can reduce the strength of the aetiological factors and help diminish the symptoms of adolescents' social anxiety.

Satureja Khuzestanica (S. Khuzestanica) is one of the native plants of Iran that grows in areas such as Khuzestan and Lorestan. The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of S. Khuzestanica on lipid profile, especially on decreasing serum cholesterol, liver enzymes, and lipid peroxidation in male hamsters with high fat diet.

26 male hamsters were randomly divided into control, high fat diet (HFD), and high fat diet treated with S. Khuzestanica (HFD+S) groups. After 10 days of beginning the study, the two latter groups were fed with high fat diet for 30 days. During the last 10 days, the HFD+S group was treated with 100mg/kg/day S. Khuzestanica through the gavage.

Data showed that administration of S. Khuzestanica for 10 days resulted in a significant reduction of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, liver enzymes, and malondialdehyde in the HFD+S group.

These results support the potential effects of the use of Satureia Khuzestanica in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

 Organizational silence is a common phenomenon in organizations that is influenced by many organizational characteristics including organizational culture, perception of organizational policy and professional ethics. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of organizational culture and perception of organizational policy on organizational silence with emphasis on the mediating role of professional ethics among faculty members of the University of Gilan.

 This research is a descriptive correlational study based on structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all faculty members of the University of Gilan in 2019 to 545 people. The sample size was 220 according to the statistical population and using simple random sampling method and Morgan table. Questionnaires of Organizational Silence (Dain), organizational culture (Queen), Understanding of Organizational Policy (Kakmar & Carlson) and Professional Ethics (Haywood & et al) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and Structural Equation Modeling using SPSS 24 and LISREL 8.8 software.

Ethical Considerations:

 The objectives of the research and the confidentiality of information were explained to the participants and their informed consent was obtained.

 The results showed the direct, positive, and significant effect of perception of organizational policy and organizational silence (ß=1.40) and professional ethics (ß=16.01). Organizational culture has a direct, negative and significant effect on organizational silence (ß=1.37). Perception of organizational politics with the mediating role of professional ethics on organizational silence (ß=0.08) and organizational culture with the mediating role of professional ethics on organizational silence (ß=0.07) of faculty members of the University of Gilan.

 This study showed that organizational culture, perception of organizational policy and professional ethics affect the organizational silence of faculty members and in order to defeat the phenomenon of organizational silence along with teaching ways to overcome it, these factors should also be considered.

One of the most important factors in sexual and marital satisfaction is sexual assertiveness. Recording to survivors of breast cancer shows unsatisfactory for most of them with a same pattern of sexual activity; this study was conducted to determine the efficiency of four-factor psychotherapy (therapeutic relationship, expectancy to therapy, increasing awareness and behavior regulation) on increasing sexual assertiveness survivors of breast cancer.
This research was performed using semi-experimental study with pre-test/post-test control group design and 2/5 months follow-up. The statistical population included all married breast cancer survivors who were referred to Shohada-e Tajrish hospital in 2015. The samples were 30 survivors who selected available and randomly divided into two groups of 15 (a control and an experimental group). Hurlbert index of sexual assertiveness (HISA) was completed as pre-test, post-test and follow up by participants. The experimental group attended in ten-weekly, 90 minutes sessions of psychotherapy. At the end, factorial analysis of variance was applied to analyze the data.
showed no significant difference between levels of sexual assertiveness in experimental and control group after treatment. On the other hand this psychotherapy could increase sexual assertiveness in survivors with high sexual assertiveness in pre-test tough this Significance was unstable in 2/5 months follow up.
four-factor psychotherapy is not effective way to increasing sexual assertiveness in breast cancer survivors.

Breast cancer and the type of treatment in these women can affect their sexual function and intimacy. Unsuccessful sexual interaction is one of the factors that lead to low sexual self-esteem. This research aimed at studying the efficacy of four-factor psychotherapy (therapeutic relationship, expectancy to therapy, increasing awareness and behavior regulation) on increasing sexual self-esteem and its five subscales (skill, attractiveness, control, moral judgment and adaptiveness) in breast cancer survivors.
A semi-experimental study was conducted with pre-test/post-test control group design and 2/5 months follow up. The research population included married breast cancer survivors who referred to Shohada-e Tajrish hospital in 2015. The research samples involved 30 survivors who selected available and randomly assigned into two groups of 15, a control group and an experimental group. The research instruments included sexual self-esteem inventory for women (SSEI-W) (1996) that administered to both groups as pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Four-factor psychotherapy program performed in experimental group for 10-weekly 90 minute sessions and data was analyzed using analysis of covariance.
four-factor psychotherapy led to significant effect on increasing women sexual self- esteem and control and moral judgment subscales and this significance remained unchanged to the 2/5 months follow-up about control and moral judgment.
four-factor psychotherapy is effective on increasing sexual self-esteem and its two subscales (control and moral judgment) on breast cancer survivors.

The purpose of this research is to assess the happiness and mirth on elementary schools in the view of teachers and managers of the Garmsar's "training and educating" organization, in which studies on aspects and elements of happiness and mirth has been done. The research is applicable in the purpose aspect, and descriptive-survey in the research method.The statistical society in this research includes all of the teachers and managers of the elementary level in Garmsar which reaches something about 360 persons. For sampling it has used the simple random sampling, so the number of the samples by using the "Morgan", was considered approximately 186 persons. In this research 186 questionnaire have spread and then collected randomly among managers and teachers of the elementary school level of Garmsar. From all 186 spreaded questionnaires, 180 ones have analyzed completely. In this research it has been used "closed" questionnaire and the researcher himself prepared the questions of it. In the questions of questionnaire which has used for assessing the primary variables, it has used the 5 choice "Likert" scale. The alpha factor of "Kronbakh" of the whole questions of the questionnaire 0.806 has determined.It has used the "kronbakh" 's alpha for deliberation of the questionnaire's reliability, the "kolmogroph- smirnoph" 's test for checking if the society is normal or not, the single sample "t" and double sample "t" for deny or accept of the hypothesizes of the research, the "freadman" test for ranking, and the independent "T" test and analyzing variance (ANOVA) test for reviewing the role of demographic variables. The results of research showed that all of the happiness and mirth elements in elementary schools of Garmsar like physical, educational, personal, and emotional factors exists from the teachers and managers point of view. All of the elements and factors of creating happiness and mirth in schools are at the fair level.

The purpose of this research is to assess the happiness and mirth on elementary schools in the view of teachers and managers of the Garmsar's "training and educating" organization, in which studies on aspects and elements of happiness and mirth has been done. The research is applicable in the purpose aspect, and descriptive-survey in the research method. The statistical society in this research includes all of the teachers and managers of the elementary level in Garmsar which reaches something about 360 persons. For sampling it has used the simple random sampling, so the number of the samples by using the "Morgan", was considered approximately 186 persons. In this research 186 questionnaire have spread and then collected randomly among managers and teachers of the elementary school level of Garmsar. From all 186 speeded questionnaires, 180 ones have analyzed completely. In this research it has been used "closed" questionnaire and the researcher himself prepared the questions of it. In the questions of questionnaire which has used for assessing the primary variables, it has used the 5 choice "Likert" scale. The alpha factor of "Kronbakh" of the whole questions of the questionnaire 0.806 has determined. It has used the "Cronbach”‘s alpha for deliberation of the questionnaire's reliability, the "kolmogroph- smirnoph" 's test for checking if the society is normal or not, the single sample "t" and double sample "t" for deny or accept of the hypothesizes of the research, the "freedman" test for ranking, and the independent "T" test and analyzing variance (ANOVA) test for reviewing the role of demographic variables. The results of research showed that all of the happiness and mirth elements in elementary schools of Garmsar like physical, educational, personal, and emotional factors exist from the teachers and managers point of view. All of the elements and factors of creating happiness and mirth in schools are at the fair level.