محمد نصیری

In the Iranian legal system, according to the fatwa of some Islamic jurists, marriage of a virgin daughter is subject to the permission of her father or paternal grandfather (Article 1043 of the Civil Code). However, considering a case where girl's lack of virginity is due to sexual intercourse, and she is to marry under these circumstances, some courts have issued conflicting judgments regarding whether guardianship still remains or is extinguished. For this reason, the General Board of the Supreme Court issued binding precedent No. 1, dated February 18, 1985. Relying upon criteria extrapolated from the first part of the above-mentioned article and the fatwa of some Islamic jurists, the Supreme Court has evaluated sexual intercourse, be it legitimate or illegitimate, to cause extinguishment of guardianship, and on this basis, has judged such a marriage to be valid. In this research, the abovementioned binding precedent, which has not been comprehensively reviewed in Iranian legal literature, is examined with a descriptive and analytical method. And it was concluded that the influence of some jurists' fatwas, contrario argument 'argument from the contrary', derived from Article 1043 of the Civil Code of the type that provides an explanation about the subject, i.e. "the marriage of a non-virgin girl is not subject to the permission of her father or her paternal grandfather", fairness, the need to exercise precaution issues related to family affairs and the desirability of removing an element that provides a fertile ground for sin, to be satisfied with what is certain, the need to return to the principles of lack of guardianship and that all things are presumed to be lawfully done, can be mentioned as justification for this decision. However, this decision may be open to criticism for opening the way to fraus legis (fraud upon law) and not being bound by loss of virginity due to sexual intercourse and lack of guardianship due to other reasons, such as the girl being a minor or insane.

The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the factors and barriers affecting the development of green behavior among employees in sports organizations in Iran. The research method was descriptive and meta-analytical. The statistical population included all sources published from 2011 to 2023. From among the statistical population, 20 studies that met the criteria for entering the meta-analysis were selected as research samples through the census method. The analysis of the collected data was done using CMA3 and SPSS software. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the combined effect size based on Cohen's D index for factors impacting the development of green behavior was d = 1.194 and for barriers, d = 1.229, both of which were considered large and significant. The results of Cochran's test and I-square showed high heterogeneity in the studies. Also, the results of the safe test of Rosenthal's error and funnel diagram showed no publication bias in the studies. Factors affecting the development of green behavior included management and organizational support, financial incentives, and management support for environmental behaviors. Also, the results showed a lack of employee training, a lack of support for human resource management functions, and a lack of energy consumption management. It seems that aligning the human resources of the Ministry of Sports with the green management strategy, continuous evaluation of the environmental performance of employees, and reducing financial barriers to developing the green behavior of employees in sports organizations are effective.

The purpose of this research was the effect of targeted organizational forgetting on organizational performance with the role of knowledge management mediator in sports and youth departments in the northwest of the country. The current research was of a descriptive-correlation type and applied in terms of purpose, which was carried out by the field method. The statistical population of this research included all managers and employees of sports and youth departments in the northwestern provinces of the country. 301 participants were selected as a statistical sample using random sampling method. The data was collected through a questionnaire (alpha coefficient was above 0.8). For data analysis, descriptive statistics (such as tables, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling) were used using SPSS and PLS software. The results showed that purposeful forgetting had a positive and significant effect on knowledge management (p=0.001). Also, knowledge management and purposeful forgetting had positive and significant effects on organizational performance (p=0.001 and p=0.001). In this research, we investigated the mediating role of knowledge management as well as innovation in the relationship between organizational forgetfulness and organizational performance, and the research results showed that knowledge management mediates the relationship between organizational forgetfulness and organizational performance. The results show that through effective organizational forgetting, organizations are able to transform knowledge into a new product, service and process, which brings innovative managerial and operational results.

Kant is one of the most important philosophers of the West who, by expressing the limitations of rational thinking while showing reason in a disciplined way, challenges the fundamentalism that had dominated Western philosophical thinking for some time. He believes that reason is incapable of interfering in all fields. In Kant's philosophy, reason is the highest power of the soul and rational knowledge is the highest level of knowledge. So, the most basic human characteristic is rationality or wisdom, which is the basis of his innate generosity and honor. But Iqbal considers intelligence to be a divine blessing and intends to interpret the world and find out the meaning of life based on a coherent religious thought system consisting of three sources of knowledge, i.e., nature, history and experience. In this article, an attempt was made to determine the commonalities and differences of their thoughts about the interpretation of human life by examining the meaning network of each thinker. The findings indicate that by separating the practical reason from the theoretical reason in the first step, Kant evaluates it as capable of distinguishing morality and action from morality, and it gives mankind the possibility to establish a universal and valid morality. slow and prevents morality from becoming a relative thing, and so that reason does not make mistakes in recognizing morality, it introduces criteria based on which it is possible to distinguish moral behavior from immoral behavior. On the other hand, the most important feature of Iqbal's thought is his critical and tradition-breaking side. He does not consider the human intellect alone to be able to understand the nature of existence, and he considers the need for human connection with life to interpret the world, and the highest level of awareness and thinking of philosophers comes from their ultimate instincts.

The present study was a meta-analysis with the aim of determining the effect size on the factors affecting the loyalty of fans in Iran’s football clubs.The statistical population included all internal studies conducted in the period of 2009 to 2020. From among the reported studies, 21 cases containing required conditions for entering meta-analysis, were selected by census. For data analysis, SPSS and CMA2 software were performed and the effect size of research was evaluated using r index. The results showed that the combined effect size of the studies in the fixed effects model was 0.352 and in the random effects model was 0.362, which according to Cohen's classification is a moderate effect size.The results of the Cochran test showed the heterogeneity of the studies and the meta-regression results showed that with increasing the year of publication of the research, their effect size increases and the results of Rosenthal's Fail-safe N test, Fannel diagram, width of Egger origin and Begg and Masumdar rank correlation coefficient showed no diffusion bias error.The results showed that love of club brand, team identity, social pride and entertainment, respectively, have the greatest effect among the independent variables on fan loyalty. It is suggested to pay serious attention to the managers' running clubs, developing followers’ centers, facilitating families’ attendance in clubs, and altimately needs assessment from followers. This leads to development and attraction of constant followers in professional league matches and will earn lots of income for the club.

The status as a quality that the legal system of any country has determined for a legal entity is one of the important issues for monitoring legal entities. In this regard, the existence of an integrated system of "monitoring and identification of legal entities" in Iran and the international system is one of the mechanisms that have been put forward in order to solve the aforementioned challenge and promote transparency, increase awareness and gain public trust. In such a system, although the existence and scope of the legal entity's competence can be identified by third parties; But legal entities, like any other legal phenomenon, do not always have a fixed "legal status" and may undergo changes after they are created. In the process of monitoring and identification of legal entities, the distinction between the status of legal entity and the status of ID has been considered due to the effective relationship between the two, both in Iran and in the Global Legal Entities Identifier System(GLIES); And he has raised the question of what effect the change in the "legal status" of legal entities will have on their "validity of ID". The current research is in the light of a comparative study between Iran's national ID system and Global Legal Entities Identifier Foundation (GLIEF) using desk study in the method of information collection and descriptive-analytical research method, has explained types of relationship between the status of a legal entity and the status of the national ID in the current system of Iran - based on the type of influence that the status in the first sense has on the status in the second sense. Then, in the context of the principles governing the legal entities ID system, has criticized each of the existing categories in terms of the type of influence and has provided solutions to solve the challenges of the national ID system.

Stochastic programming has proven to be a powerful modeling tool when an accurate probabilistic description, ie the exact values ​​of system parameters and the specific probability distributions for random variables, is available. However, such information is rarely available in practice. In such a situation, there are two main ways to deal with ambiguities. One through-sample average (SAA) is also known as the Monte Carlo method, where the SAA is constructed from the expected value of the underlying performance using experimental data. The aim of this study was to provide an optimal stock portfolio model by limiting random dominance and reducing absolute risk aversion. The statistical sample of the stock exchange and the type of data collected from that time series are the changes and cumulative changes of the total index of the Tehran Stock Exchange in 1390 to 1400. The stock portfolio is based on information from 50 companies. First, these data are examined, then the desired algorithms are designed and the model is analyzed based on the necessary conditions and tests.Performance is evaluated based on Sharp, Trainer, Sortino, and Omega tests. In the following, the stock portfolio is determined based on the initial assumptions and is modeled and measured based on the companies' returns.

Key words of humanitarianism and altruism can be seen as a big step towards human excellence, after the love of essence and self-protection. This issue is not only unsuccessful without humans, but also useless in understanding society, ethics, and mysticism. Understanding this matter in the view of the foundations of Quranic anthropology means loving humans on the path of humanity, compassion and empathy towards other people, and, in other words, not being confined to the rule of "We have honored the children of Adam." In essence, the Islamic Revolution has also been based on this Quranic pattern. Khomeini, who was knowledgeable in various fields such as theology, wisdom, jurisprudence, and mysticism, not only upheld it, but also based the revolution's strategies and, as a result, the domestic and foreign policies of the Islamic system on it, and offered political mysticism comprehensively to the world. The present study, emphasizing the ideas of Imam Khomeini, aim to evaluate the theoretical foundations of this lofty human virtue, and its applications; and its emphasis is on how the Islamic philosophical and mystical foundations have emerged in governance and political representation, and how reviving them can help human beings reach their maximum potential in terms of intelligence and morality, and assist a diverse range of individuals in their journey towards the proximity of God.

In reviewing the Quranic salvation, the first and most significant issue that every reader of the Quran faces is the abundance of verses in which words such as "salvation", "prosperity", "redemption", "happiness", etc. are mentioned, and the salvation of man is considered to be the main goal of the divine messengers. Ibn Sina, who deals with mysticism and Sufism in the final sections of the book Esharat wa Tanbihat (Signs and Punishments), says that mystics, with the help of their perfect souls and passing positions and degrees, and performing austerities with the aim of controlling Nafs Ammarah (inciting soul), have set foot in the holy world and have been drawn to subtle thoughts that are compatible with the sacred. Influenced by the Quran and mysticism, the scholars of intellectual sciences have explored and reflected the idea of salvation in their works. Ibn Sina scrupulously explains the terms of Sufism, the degrees of mystics and their characteristics, and he can be considered as a model for the scholars after him, such as Suhrawardi. Suhrawardi, who himself has deep mystical tendencies, has spoken of salvation everywhere in his relics. In this study, with a comprehensive and wide-ranging view, the idea of salvation in the triad of Quran, mysticism and conclusive argument is examined and compared. With this approach and attitude that the heavenly saying, the mystery of knowledge and wisdom are inseparable, this article mentions the words of the philosophers about the mystics and shows that the Quranic, mystical and argumentative views about salvation are all in harmony.

In mobahele verse- 61 of Al-Imran, Almighty God has mentioned Ali Ibn Abi Taleb (PBUH) as the Nafs of the Last Messenger of Allah (PBUH). Historical and narrative research in Shia and Sunni sources clears that the phrase "Anfosana" belongs only to the majesty Ali (PBUH) and there is no discord between two parties about that. From the theological point of view, the honorable verse is considered as a proof of the spiritual and political Vehayat of him. Philosophically, this word indicates a special type of closeness between the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and the Commander of the Faithfuls (PBUH). From a mystical point of view, it seems that this word refers to a divine and very excellent truth that is interpreted as a "Nafse Vahed". The luminous speech of Imam Reza (PBUH), which declares the verse of Mobahele the best superiority of Ali (PBUH), like a light, calls the need to investigate and be more precise on different aspects of this word.

If we consider Apollo as a symbol of systematicity, rationality and order, Kant intends to rule peace in the world with a systematic strategy based on rationality. Kant believes that war should be considered as the last solution with the utmost respect for human life and dignity. to be War should only be used when all other means of conflict resolution have been exhausted. On the other hand, if we consider Dionysus as a symbol of drunkenness, passion and breaking taboos, Nietzsche considered morality as a human structure that has been used throughout history to suppress and control people. Therefore, peace is a sign of weakness and degeneration and a product of herd mentality. Real strength comes from conflict and struggle. Struggle with the rules that modernity has dominated human life with the view of pure rationality and its product has become a machine human. Nietzsche considered peace to be a necessary part of life, but on the condition that it is based on power. Understanding what and formulating the criticism of these two thinkers on peace and war and how they interpret it is the central issue of this article. Nietzsche believed that peace is not an end in itself, but a means to an end, and argued that peace is necessary for the development of higher forms of culture and civilization, but it should not be pursued at the expense of creativity and progress.

SDN architecture has become popular nowadays due to the abstract view that it provides. Due to the centralized network Controller in SDN, Most of the processing load is on the controller. This centralized controller has made this architecture a great target to DDoS attacks. Over the few past decades, many detection methods has been proposed; but with increased traffic and complexity of DDoS attacks, researchers aimed to utilize the data plane processing power. One of the most effective methods that has been proposed, is the P4 technology. With P4, we can utilize the processing power of the data plane devices in detection and prevention procedure of DDoS attacks on SDN; which will result the reduction of controller overhead and more flexibility data plane devices. In this research, we proposed a detection and prevention model that utilizes machine learning techniques along with implementation of P4 switches to detect slow-rate DDoS attacks on SDN. The ONOS controller has been used for implementation of this model. The goal of proposing this model, is to use programmable P4 switches in detection procedure, in order to minimize the controller overhead. The procedure of extracting feature values for machine learning models, will result processing overhead for the controller, but with implementing this procedure with P4 switches on data plane and local processing of packets in the switch, the controller overhead will be minimized. The proposed model has been analyzed in terms of detection time, bandwidth consumption and CPU utilization of the controller. In compare to the normal SDN, the results shows about 60 seconds improvement in detection time, about 50% less overhead on bandwidth consumption and CPU utilization in proposed method. The results show that implementation of P4 data plane, with programming the data plane devices, will have significant effects on detection of slow-rate DDoS attacks and processing load of the controller in SDN.

To show the civilizational capacity of the teachings of the Holy Quran is one of the scientific goals of choosing this topic. Necessity: Basically, civilization is a human phenomenon that is formed on the basis of collective rationality and wisdom emanating from the field of thought and human sciences of that border and region, which plays a significant role in biasing human relations in that society. If a civilization is formed far from correct rationality, it will cause serious damage to human beings and human relations. A civilization that is formed based on correct rationality will provide the basis for the growth and development of human beings and human relations on a macro level. . According to its theoretical foundations, every civilization has a level of rationality, of course, the model of rationality in every civilization is specific to that civilization and different from other civilizations. It is considered, therefore, to discover and scientifically explain it, it is necessary to carry out such researches.

This article, with a descriptive-analytical method on the basis of revealed rationality, seeks to answer the question: What is the civilizational explanation of the functions of the doctrine of " Muknat " in the Qur'an, in the light of revealed rationality?

creating a suitable platform for creating unity with the creation of a single identity in the light of revealed rationality, regulating human relations in the light of revealed rationality, consolidating and expanding the famous in the light of revealed rationality.

The present study examines the relationship between auditor rotation and disclosure of key audit issues with the quality of financial reporting in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. This research is an applied research in terms of its nature and descriptive method and in terms of its purpose, and since in the current research the current state of the variables has been analyzed by collecting information through past information, it is in the ranks of descriptive studies. And it is included after the event. In the course of conducting this research, two hypotheses were formulated and 145 companies were selected through systematic elimination sampling for the 8-year period between 1393 and 1400, and the data related to the research variables were collected in Excel using the software. Statistical analyzes were carried out. There is a significant inverse relationship between auditor turnover and the quality of financial reporting, and there is also a significant inverse relationship between the disclosure of key audit issues and the quality of financial reporting.

Exercise is good for improving the physical and mental health of people. The purpose of this study was to study of Effect of a regular exercise program on quality of life, Self Confidence and mental health in non-active veterans.

The present study is a quasi-experimental data collection method with a control group with pre-test and post-test. In this study, 30 inactive veterans of Khoy city were selected by available methods and randomly placed in two groups of control (15 people) and test (15 people) in a peer-to-peer manner. The experimental group performed regular exercise program for 32 weeks in 32 60-minute sessions, during which the control group performed daily routine activities. The World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, Eysenck Standard Self-Esteem Questionnaire and Goldberg Mental Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used to collect data. To analyze the data, two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics were used. In the descriptive statistics section, frequency, central tendency indices and dispersion indices were used, and in the inferential statistics section, covariance analysis was used.

The results of analysis of covariance showed that the selected physical activity program has a positive and significant effect on quality of life, mental health and self-esteem of inactive veterans. (P≤ 0.05).

Physical activity will help veterans gain better self-confidence and mental health, improve their quality of life, and therefore be present in society in a better mood.

The present study was conducted to meta-analyze the factors and obstacles affecting the privatization of sports in Iran. The research method was descriptive and meta-analysis. The statistical population included all published papers in the period of the last decade from 2011 to 2020. From the reported researches, 15 papers were selected by counting method as the research sample. Data analysis was performed using CMA2 and SPSS24 software. The results of meta-analysis showed that the size of the combined effect with the random effects model for privatization barriers is 0.295 and for factors affecting privatization is 0.726, both values are significant at the level of 0.01 and according to Cohen's classification, respectively The effects are small and large. Cochran and Chi-square test results showed high heterogeneity in the studies. Also, the study of diffusion bias error including funnel diagram and Rosenthal's Fail-safe N test showed no diffusion bias in studies. Among the factors, the managerial variable with an effect size of 0.802 and among the obstacles, the economic variable with an effect size of 0.438 had the greatest impact on the privatization of sports in the country. Since the issue of privatization is a very complex and multifaceted issue, the use of strong and experienced sports-economic consultants can provide the grounds for the privatization of the country's sports. To speed up the privatization process, setting up clear guidelines and regulations related to the implementation of sports privatization policies can be very effective and useful.

The sole distinction between active and busy people and those who practice work holism is how they organize their lives and jobs. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the quality of work life affected the general health aspects in the personnel at the Khoy branch of Islamic Azad University. It uses a descriptive-analytical research methodology. 225 people were chosen through the census method. The data were gathered using the work holism of Spence and Robbins (1992), Walton's quality of work life (1973), and the General Health Questionnaire (1996), and their reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha. The data was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations. The Pearson coefficient results revealed a strong negative association between work holism and overall health (r=-0.51) as well as between work holism and quality of work life (r=-0.49). According to the results of the structural equations, the relationship between work-life balance and employee QWL had the greatest impact (52%) and had a 15% impact on employees' general health. Work holism can have a negative impact on an employee's general health and quality of work life. Managers can identify these workers and offer them a variety of programs to improve their general health and QWL because bettering public health and the quality of work life encourages continuous employee presence, which in turn increases productivity.

Among the scientific purposes of choosing this subject is "showing the civilizational capacity and civilization of religious teachings, especially the Holy Quran". Necessity: The cultural and civilizational reading of the terms of the Qur'an in general and the teaching of "Muknat" in a special way are considered neglected issues of civilizational studies, therefore, to discover and scientifically explain these teachings, Such researches are necessary.

This article seeks to answer the research questions with an analytical and documentary method based on the interpretations of the Qur'an and historical and cultural texts.

It indicates that words such as property, ummah, ruling, province, and land form the structure of the doctrine of "Muknat" in the Qur'an, and its main characteristics are stability and establishment, sanctity, and movement towards the true growth of people. is to do As its effects can be reflected in the establishment of political, cultural, economic and security-social systems and institutions on a global scale.

Representation of the nature and truth of civilization based on religious teachings means the creation of godly spirituality, in terms of the spiritual and inner aspect of civilization, and institutionalization and structuring in terms of the material aspect of civilization for the realization of divine purposes.

The aim of this study was to meta-analyze the factors controlling corruption in sports organizations in the country. The research method was descriptive and meta-analytical. The statistical population included 17 internal studies conducted in the field of corruption control factors in sports organizations in the period from 2006 to 2020. From the statistical population, 8 studies that met the criteria for entering meta-analysis were selected as a statistical sample through the census method. A total of 39 factors were extracted from the sample research and classified into six major categories: economic, organizational, cultural, rules and regulations, individual and other factors, and entered into the meta-analysis process. Hedges g index was used to calculate the effect size. Due to the heterogeneity in the meta-analysis, the results of the random effects model were considered. The average size of the combined effect in the random effects model for the factors affecting corruption in sports was 0.807, which is significant at the level of 0.001 and according to Cohen's classification, the size of the effect is considered large. Dual and Tweed method (0.8) also showed that there is no diffusion bias error. Finally, the results of meta-analysis for subgroups showed that economic factors, other factors (outsourcing and commitment) and organizational factors have the greatest impact on corruption in sports organizations, respectively and by increasing annual salaries and benefits commensurate with the inflation of society, hiring qualified and committed employees with clear employment criteria, most of the corruption can be controlled.

The aim of this study was to test the fit of the structural model of the relationship between green human resource management and environmental performance of the staff of the Ministry of Sports and Youth mediated by environmentally friendly behaviors. The research method was descriptive-correlational and was done by modeling structural equations in the maximum likelihood method. The statistical population included all employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth and 261 subjects were selected by available sampling method. For data collection, Farokhi et al.'s Green Human Resource Management Questionnaire (2017), Shah Veisi Environmental Performance Questionnaire (2014), and Thompson and Burton Environmental Friendly Behavior Questionnaire (1994) were used. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modeling through SPSS and AMOS software at a significant level of 0.05. The results showed that the path coefficient between green human resource management and environmentally friendly behavior as well as between environmentally friendly behavior and environmental performance is significant and the path coefficient between green organizational resource management and environmental performance is not significant. The results of goodness-of-fit indices showed that the hypothesized research model fits with the research data. Finally, the results obtained from the bootstrap method showed that there is a significant indirect relationship between green human resource management and environmental performance through the structure of environmentally friendly behavior, but its mediating role was not confirmed. Compensation programs can lead to the realization of green human resource management programs in employees and increase the level of environmentally friendly behaviors.

The basic principle is that the claimant must prove his claim.  Despite this, in Islamic jurisprudence, the amīn’s (depositary) claim is accepted in cases without argument. Assuming the validity of the jurisprudential point of view and its implementation in law, we are discussing the process of dealing with the depositary’s claim. In cases where the depositary is in the position of the defendant and his answer is just to reject the claim of the plaintiff such as a loss claim against a lawsuit requiring the rejection of the entrusted property, or the depositary’s response is to reject the demand, such as the depositor’s claim to reject the property, his response is a defence type in a special sense. In cases where the claim of the depositary is such that in addition to rejecting the claim, he wants the court to make a decision about another person. In this case, with the combination of the conditions of a counterclaim, the depositary must raise a counterclaim, for example, when the depositary makes a claim for loss of property and maintenance costs against the claim of the obligation to reject the property.

Landslides are crucial geomorphological hazards that cause much damage to natural resources, agriculture and construction activities and have many economic and social effects.

Purpose of the research: 

This research was conducted to identify the effective factors in creating landslides and determine the areas prone to landslides to prevent the occurrence of landslides using the LNRF method.

In this research, after collecting basic information, a digital elevation model (DEM) and topographic maps were used in order to create information layers of a slope, slope direction, and height, and after cutting the active maps with the distribution map of landslides, LNRF for Each map unit was calculated.

Geographical area of research:

 The study area of this research is Taleghan basin, one of the cities of Alborz Province, which is located 120 km northwest of Tehran.

At first, parameters such as slope, slope direction, height, distance from the fault, distance from the road, distance from the river, geology and land use as effective factors in the environment of geographic information systems (GIS) were prepared and digitized. Then the distribution map of landslides was then prepared using a geological map with a scale of 1:100,000, field visits, and a global positioning system. Using the relationships governing the model, the weight of each effective factor, which indicates their impact in causing landslides, has been calculated.

The results showed that the most influential variables in the occurrence and prediction of the risk of landslides are slope, slope direction, Neogene and Quaternary marls and the use of medium-density pastures. On the other hand, the zoning of landslide risk and the examination of very high-risk zones showed that about almost half of landslides occurred in 36% of the total area of the study area.

 Music in the Orient, including in Iran, has always had a ritual nature, for the sake of God's glory and in the service of the spiritual perfection of man. The main issue of this research is the Iranian music at what levels and in the form and themes and how it is with the mysticism and instrument for the perfection of mankind. Which has been dealt with analytically. It seems that various kinds of music, ranging from the Zoroastrianism to the music of the Khanqahi and Sima Dervishes, to the Qur'anic verses, and Venizets in various religious themes, including the various Ta'azi of the various Azan and the masters, which are in the great part of the music of different regions of Iran, The spirit of knowledge and mystery. As with instruments and songs based on musical systems called Rowdy, many of the characteristics of this music, such as balance, softness and laziness, are present ... which are intrinsic to poetry, have a close connection with mysticism and states and Spiritual themes .

The article 567 of the Iranian Islamic penal code, with an innovation towards the former law, has criminalized a new behavior which is encroaching on other’s bodily privacy and imposing intentional physical force on his body. This behavior, although may lead to spiritual injury in victim, leaves no effect in his body. This crime has considerable unity aspects with a criminal offence in the English legal system entitled "Battery". Scrutiny the elements of this crime in the English legal system and comparing it with the mentioned article and also studying the similarities and differences between these two crimes, shows new aspects of the mentioned article in our country’s legal system; Aspects which has not been considered so far. In addition, it seems that the nature of the legal response that inserted in the article 567 of the Iranian Islamic penal code for committing the matter of the article is not just punishment, but also has aspects of compensation.