محمدحسین احسان فر

In the field of the impact of monetary policy on inflation, much research has been done, in most of which structural failure has not been studied and the regression method with a fixed parameter has been used and reached different results. Lucas (1976) argues that any change in policy regime can lead to structural failures in inflation dynamics, and that any policy analysis that does not take these failures into account will naturally have little validity. Therefore, it is important to examine whether the volume of liquidity has a different effect on inflation over time and using new regression model methods with variable time parameters can lead to more accurate policy analysis and thus more accurate economic decisions.

Given the importance of the relationship between liquidity and inflation in monetary policy, it is important to examine whether the volume of liquidity has a different effect on inflation over time and using new regression model methods with variable time parameters can lead to more accurate policy analysis and thus more accurate economic decisions.
Using a regression model with time varying parameter (TVP) and the Kalman filter approach the present study examines the reaction of the inflation rate over time to the influential variables such as the inflation rate of the previous period, the expected inflation rate, the imported inflation rate, the production gap and especially the volume of liquidity in the  period under study in which the application of time-varying parametric technique is considered as an innovation of this research and gives us more accurate results. 

Examining the changes in the growth rate of liquidity, inflation rate and GDP growth rate shows that in most years, the growth rate of liquidity has a positive effect on the inflation rate of the next period. But in some years, despite the increase in the growth rate of liquidity, the inflation rate of the next period has decreased. Also, in some other years, despite the decrease in the growth rate of liquidity, the inflation rate of the next period has increased. It can be said that in short term, inflation in Iran is not just a monetary phenomenon. Also, due to the fact that in some years the inflation rate was relatively high, but in the next period, the growth rate of liquidity increased or in some other years, the GDP growth rate was relatively low, but in the next period, the liquidity growth rate decreased. It can be said that the changes in the growth rate of liquidity in Iran were not commensurate with the changes in inflation rates and economic growth rates and this shows that monetary policy has been wrong. 

In present study, the results of estimating the regression model as a variable time parameter and examining the trend of coefficients of explanatory variables over time in this study show that these coefficients have not been constant during the period under study and have changed over time due to external shocks such as revolution, war, oil price shocks, applied economic policies, structural changes, international political stances and economic sanctions. That is, in addition to the volume of liquidity, other variables such as delayed inflation rate, expected inflation rate, imported inflation rate and GDP gap also have a variable effect on inflation rate over time.

In recent decades, the city of Gonbad-e Kavus in Golestan province has witnessed a significant increase in marginalization and urban poverty as a result of its status as a migrant-friendly city. Marginalized neighborhoods have intensified spatial and social inequalities in the city, posing a serious challenge to city officials. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting urban poverty in marginalized neighborhoods. The spatial scope of the research includes the marginalized neighborhoods of Afghanabad, Seyyedabad, Badlje, and Chay-e Boyin in Gonbad-e Kavus, and the temporal scope is summer 2022. The factors affecting urban poverty were ranked and examined from both economic and social perspectives using a researcher-made questionnaire distributed in the aforementioned neighborhoods. The results showed that in the area of public services, access to healthcare had the lowest score (2.18), in the area of safety, the lack or inadequate lighting of streets had the highest score (2.71), in the area of social participation, the possibility of collaboration with local councils had the lowest score (1.85), in the area of unemployment, hidden unemployment had the highest score (3.02), and in the area of financial poverty, low income had the highest score (2.41). In terms of the prevalence of social harms, the Seyyedabad neighborhood scored the highest (0.27=Q), and in terms of the prevalence of economic harms, the Afghanabad neighborhood scored the highest (0.24=Q).

Banks and financial institutions are among the most important institutions in the financial system of any economy. The proper functioning of banks and financial institutions with the right monetary policy making can play an important role in the economic growth of the country. The practical purpose of the present study is to evaluate the technical efficiency and market power of Gharz al-Hasna Valiasr funds in Babol with a random border approach. For this purpose, the translog random border cost function was used. In addition, the size of the loan and deposit markets concentration index was obtained using branches of the Gharz al-Hasna Fund during the the Herfindahl-Hirschman concentration index for in both loan and deposit 2 The results showed that the concentration in Branch 2017-2016 period respectively. In addition, the ,,4086 and 0٫1244 markets was higher than other branches and was branches. In addition, the average technical results showed that market power was significant in efficiency of the branches during the study period indicates that the efficiency is increasing.

Achieving sustainable economic development depends on economic growth and financial sector development in one country. Given the capital market in Iran, financing of various economic sectors is mainly done by the banking system. Banks are influenced by their environmental conditions and their lending behavior is often influenced by macroeconomic factors such as GDP, employment levels, inflation and exchange rates. Hence, banks adjust their lending behavior in response to these symptoms. Positive (negative) signs encourage banks to lend more (less). Therefore, identifying the factors affecting on granting credits in the banking system is very important.In this regard, the present study investigates the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on credits of specialized banks in Iran. In this way, Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model and seasonal data of 2000: 4-2017: 4 were used.  The results show that growth of credits ratio to bank deposits in confronting with exchange rate shocks, initially increases but decreases over a period. Response of growth of credits ratio in the face of inflation shock and GDP growth is negative and positive respectively. Variance analysis table showed that GDP growth rate has the most power to explain growth of credits ratio changes. The results confirm the research hypothesis. Because, the growth of credits ratio granted in the face of the shocks of exchange rate volatility initially increases and then, decreases after a period.

Human resource management practices as a strategic resource for organizations lead to employee empowerment and competitive advantage improvement. The present study investigates the effect of human resource management practices on performance through the mediating role of strategic orientation and moderating environmental dynamic role. According to 183 electronic questionnaires collected from small and medium-sized Knowledge-oriented firms and data analysis with structural equation modeling, the research results indicate that the relationship between human resource management practices and performance is not significant directly. However, the strategic orientation concept (entrepreneurship orientation and market orientation) can positively and significantly play a mediating role in that relationship. The positive and significant effect of entrepreneurship orientation and market orientation on performance is also confirmed statistically. In a dynamic environment, entrepreneurial orientation has a positive, while market orientation has a negative and significant effect on performance. The finding indicates the need to implement entrepreneurial and market-oriented strategies for exploiting human resource management practices and pays attention to conceiving entrepreneurial strategies in dynamic environments. The executive and research suggestions are discussed.

Inflation and exchange rates are among the most important variables affecting the economy of any country. At high rates, they may have detrimental effects on the country's economy due to uncertainty of their extent in the future. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the long-term effect of inflation and exchange rate uncertainties on industrial production. For this purpose, the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) approach was used to estimate the uncertainties. In addition, to estimate the model analysis, the Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) methods were used for the years 1979 to 2017. First, to investigate the stability test and prevent false regression between variables, the generalized Dickey-Fuller unit root test was used, the result of which indicates the stability of all variables except the logarithm of inflation uncertainty. Then, using the Johansen Juselius co-integration test, the long-run relationship between the variables was evaluated, based on which the existence of a long-term relationship between the variables has been confirmed. The results show the negative effect of inflation uncertainty and exchange rate uncertainty on industrial production. Government expenses also had a negative impact on the industrial production. Also, the capital stock of the industrial sector and the labor force working in this sector have been able to increase the production of the industrial sector.

Expansion and institutionalization of the principles of Islam in various fields and adaptation of the function of different community with Shariah law and Islamic are the goals of the Islamic Revolution. Education System as a context for creativity, innovation, growth and prosperity of individual and collective among members of a community can have significant benefits in the field of theory and practice. Using this system, the operating principles of Islamic economics needs to consider several factors. The main objective of this study is to identify and rank the factors influencing to adopt the education system to promote the teachings of Islamic economics. Based on the literature review and perspectives in the field of Islamic economics, 30 sub-factors were identified in two major factors. With the survey of 313 experts, academics and experts in seminaries and with the help of fuzzy analytical hierarchy process had ranked these sub-factors and factors. The results show that when deciding to adopt the education system to promote the teachings of Islamic economics, education & Training, University, cyber cyberspace and seminary factors must be considered respectively

Energy is a basic need to continuity in economic development, supplying and providing welfare and comfort in human life. Due to the limitation and scarcity of resources and also considering the extended role and importance of energy in countries’ growth and economic development, determining the effective elements on energy demand is of a special importance. There have been many studies on energy demand in Iran. But this study has taken a different approach.
This study deals with both the effect of energy market integration and the effect of economic growth on energy consumption in Iran’s economy during 1975 to 2014, using generalized method of moments. In this study, empirical results showed that integration of energy market and economic growth has significant positive effects on energy consumption. Also the price elasticity of energy demand in all models indicate the low elasticity in Iran’s economy during the mentioned years. Income elasticity has been estimated larger than one in final models.

The main aim of this research is investigating the relationship between unemployment and job vacancies and also the relationship between the number of job seekers and job vacancies in provinces of Iran. In other words, this paper seeks to obtain the Beveridge curve and Matching Function in provinces of Iran. Beveridge curve is an equilibrium relationship which equates unemployment input and output flows. Matching Function describes the equilibrium in the labor market and then shows the normal state of the country in the long run. Using panel data, this study has been done in 30 provinces of the country, in the years 2007 to 2011. The results of the Matching Function have shown positive and significant relationship between job vacancies and job matching. Beveridge curve evaluation results are also consistent with theoretical foundations and have proven negative and significant relationship between unemployment rate and job vacancies. Job vacancies squared positive coefficient indicates convexity of Beveridge curve.

The course of banking profit rate toward economic growth has always been one of the most important subjects in economic discussions. In Islamic countries, banking profit rate has also been a factor in their economic development and growth in different conditions. Accordingly, Islamic financial systems, via mobilizing financial sources and leading them toward generating products, can have a key role in the development of Islamic countries. The fluctuations that occur in the banks’ profit rate have affected, more or less, other economic affairs, and they become the cause of sluggishness, pause or reactivation of some production courses. Meanwhile, specifying the type of relation between economic growth and banking profit rate, unlike what it shows, is one of the unknown relations.This essay has investigated the causal relationship between economic growth and banking profit rate in selected Islamic countries via Hsiao Causality Method during the years 2004-2010. The results of the research indicate the absence of causality relation from banking profit rate to economic growth. On causal relation from economic growth to banking profit rate, stronger results indicate the absence of this relation.

One of the major roles of banking system is allocating financial facilitiesto different production sector across the country. In fact, banks play a crucial role in monetary and financial system. Since bank credits are a great portion of financial allocation resource of the province, soit really works attention to use financial resources properly in order to achieve economicgrowth followed by valued-added and the growth of production and employment. It is the primary goal of this article to evaluateeffects of the network ofbanking credit on economical growth in different sectors of Mazandaran, including: industry and mining sector, agriculture, and services.Coefficients of model are estimated through Panel Data Econometrics Method and the results have been examined and analyzed. The statistical population of this article is based on different sectors of Mazandaran province during the years of 2000 –2009.The results of survey demonstrate the great impact of the credits allocated for economical growth in different sectors of province. These were compatible with our expectations from theories in mind and play important role in growth of employmentand value-added of the province.

The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal time paths of economic variables such as production, inflation, money stock and government expenditures, and also sensitivity analysis of these paths. For this aim, a deterministic optimal control model is used. In this model, a quadratic objective functional, due to the constraint of dynamic macroeconomic equations system, will be minimized. In this method, the squared deviations of variables from their steady state values ​​ are weighted. Then, optimal paths of control and state variables are calculated by using Mathematica software. Optimization results indicate that if optimal policies are chosen, mentioned variables will considerably have less fluctuations. According to results of survey, analyzing the sensitivity of the model to policy weight emphasizes on inverse relationship between weight imposed by economic policy makers on the target variable, and standard deviation of values ​​ofthe optimal paths for that variable. Also, this paper shows that mathematical economic models and techniques can be used in order to solve the problems of growth, production and inflation.