فهرست مطالب محمدمیلاد احمدی

The main purpose of this study is to identify and rank knowledge management strategies as well as to determine the status of decision-making indicators related to strategies in voluntary- based organizations and organizations related to war-zone tourism in the country (Rahian-e Noor camps) have been selected as the subject of research.

In order to prioritize the strategies studied in this research, the network analysis process approach has been used. This method is one of the valid approaches to solving multi-criteria decision-making problems and ranking options - including strategic prioritization. In most cases, decisions are made when the decision-maker is satisfied based on several criteria. This is doubly important, especially for strategic managers. Criteria may be quantitative or qualitative. In multi-criteria decision-making methods, instead of using one measure of optimality, several criteria are used. The study is based on the knowledge spiral model strategies, and the method used is the Network Analysis Process. The network analysis process provides a comprehensive approach to accurate decision-making using empirical information or decision-makers' judgments, and facilitates the decision-making process by providing a structure for organizing different criteria and assessing the importance and preference of each option.

Using Barnes & Milton's knowledge management strategy framework, 20 sub-criteria were identified for 4 criteria of People, Process, Technology and Governance, and after forming a network of criteria and sub-criteria and collecting expert opinions, knowledge management strategies were scored and ranked.

Knowledge management strategy determines the path to achieving the organization's knowledge goals. The main purpose of designing and implementing a knowledge management strategy is to put knowledge management into practice throughout the organization. The findings show that due to the participatory nature of the Rahian-e Noor, the "Socialization" strategy has the highest priority for this institution and it is recommended that the "Combination", "Internalization" and "Externalization" strategies be considered after that, respectively.

Many organizations employ knowledge engineers to acquire tacit knowledge from experts using the principles and techniques of knowledge acquisition. The main purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive pattern of knowledge acquisition in institutional organizations. For this purpose, Semantic mapping (one of the research methods in Soft Operation Research) has been used; and using a graphical arrangement that shows the main ideas and relationships between the meanings of words, a kind of visual classification of knowledge acquisition is proposed. In this regard, first, the central concept was examined and related micro-concepts including 15 micro-concepts were identified and recorded in the pattern. These included “agreement and relationship of knowledge acquisition system with other organizational systems”, “connection of knowledge acquisition system to knowledge management cycle”, “officials and trustees of knowledge acquisition”, “special characteristics of institutional organizations” and “basic layers of the organization”. Each of these concepts was then considered a central idea, and the development of branches to extract the micro-words associated with each concept continued, sometimes up to four layers. The total number of concepts drawn in this pattern were 183.Keywords: Knowledge Acquisition, Tacit Knowledge, Institutional Organizations, Semantic Map, Cognitive Mapping.

The present study was conducted in order to present a native pattern of strategic management and, while considering the strategic and transformation, to identify the problem, depicts the desired status and then analyzes the status quo by determining the desirable status. In addition, by analyzing the gap, to respond to the system of organization issues, he proposes operational strategies and programs with an indigenous and realistic idealistic perspective. In this research, the "Thematic Network" approach has been used. In this approach, a network-like map (a web) is presented as the organizing principle and method of displaying thematic analysis. The thematic network systematizes basic themes, organizing themes, and inclusive themes based on a specific process; These themes are then plotted as web maps, and the prominent themes of each of these three levels are shown along with the relationships between them. The main source of information for coding was the collection of statements and written documents of the Supreme Leader on management, planning, and transformation, which was done through keyword search and text reading. Finally, the network of themes obtained was drawn and the themes organizing the model included the following: needs assessment, knowledge of tasks and goals, goal setting and purposefulness, status and position recognition, route planning, and planning and implementation. The native model of the present study, in addition to simplicity and transparency, has the necessary comprehensiveness in the specialized field of strategic change management and can be used for governmental organizations and institutions.

In interdisciplinary research, all disciplines, including the humanities and social sciences, "borrow" some concepts and theories from other disciplines and fields. Many studies of organization and management have used fundamental fields such as psychology, sociology, and history, and a large part of innovation in social sciences and behavioral sciences, such as management, is due to the inclusion of ideas in other disciplines, which is the manifestation of "implication research The present study is an independent report on the issue of "structure" and "organization" from the governance perspective and in a historical review. This report provides an overview of this concept in the limited governal- historical periods of Iran's history in the seventy-thousand-year-old civilization. Given that the concept of "structure" is relatively new, in such a review, the inspiring propositions and implications referred to it have been extracted. The findings of this study naturally focus on concepts such as "court", "organizations", "administrative system", and "system of government". Some historical and thematic implications studied in the twelve periods are the period of early civilizations (Hammurabi laws, sheiks council), the Median civilization (Satrapy Base, Royal Ordinances), the Achaemenid kingdom (Seven privileged lineages, Four commanders), Sassanids (Dabiran, Dabirbod), organization of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and Amir-al-Mo'menin (AS) (Taratib-ol Edariyah, Valys, and Amirs), Sadr of Islam (Beyt-ol-Maal Department, Barid court), Abbasid governments (caliphs, courtiers), Seljuks (model of bureaucracy, Arz Court), Post-Mongol (Daroughchi, Basghagh), Safavid Dynasty (Workers and guilds, government houses, hereditary positions, and Qazalbashans), Qajar (Brokerage, Khamsa offices, ministries, and administrative staff), and post-constitutional (Executive organizations, the law of formations, Nepotism, and the principle of separation of powers).

Implicit knowledge is the knowledge that emerges from the experience of an individual, group, or organization, over time, through processes of action and daily working realities. Many techniques have been developed to extract implicit expert knowledge, each tailored to the specific circumstances taking into account the type of knowledge, expert knowledge, and characteristics of the environment. Despite extensive research and numerous operational plans to document and extract expert knowledge, many internal and external organizations are challenged with knowledge acquisition. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the aspects and factors affecting the success of knowledge acquisition in the form of fuzzy cognitive mapping to extract and document expert organizational knowledge.

Cognitive mapping, which is a useful method for problem-solving, helps decision-makers to analyze hidden causal relationships and to find the optimal solution. This mapping contains fuzzy graphing structures to illustrate causal arguments. For the purpose of fuzzy cognitive mapping, executive and academic experts in Imam Hossein University were interviewed in the field of knowledge and research.

The results show that factors of knowledge engineering team, selection of techniques and tools for acquiring knowledge, determining the type of knowledge, identifying the required knowledge and affecting organizational factors, respectively, and having the largest causal values, have the greatest impact on the success of organizational knowledge acquisition.

The use of fuzzy cognitive mapping -a soft approach in operational research- is the main innovation of the present research in the subject of expert knowledge acquisition.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the process of science production in knowledge acquisition subject, with a focus on its organizational essence, in scientific resources. Scientometric analysis was used to identify the key ontological themes and concepts of the subject through tools such as co-author, co-word, co-citation, and cluster analysis. The number of reviewed articles was 245 English articles published in ScienceDirect, and 20 Persian articles published in Iranian scientific databases. The period of English and persian articles was from 1979 to 2021. The data collection tools were queries, search databases, indexes, and codes, and the analysis method was scientometric tools and maps using MS Excel and VOSviewer software. The results of general trends show that from the origin of economically developed countries, a higher number of knowledge acquisition articles have been published than other countries. The number of articles from the origin of our country in the international database is very small, that due to the gradual recognition of the importance of organizational knowledge acquisition issues, it is necessary to publish more research with the origin of our country in the international databases. The research findings show that the time trend of publishing knowledge acquisition articles in the world and Iran is increasing with a gentle slope. The co-word networks show the relative centralization and independence of the clusters; as various concepts related to this subject have been formed and evolved and have formed other scientific clusters. This result demonstrates the importance of knowledge acquisition as an important node in information science knowledge networks. Concerning Co-Occurrence networks, it is necessary for researchers in the fields of knowledge management, knowledge integration, knowledge transfer, learning, organizational learning, and knowledge resources, to pay attention to findings of knowledge acquisition research. The timeline of the emergence of keywords in the field of knowledge acquisition shows the maturity of this field in recent years. Based on the findings, it is understood that the discovery and dissemination of new topics and ideas by new researchers in this field are possible and there is no theoretical saturation in the topics of knowledge acquisition. The wide connection of organizational education and organizational knowledge acquisition, and the variety of soft issues related to them, is a significant point for managers, researchers, and policymakers in the field of science and technology.

Given the growing complexity of organizations and the differences in people's thoughts, attitudes, and beliefs, conflict is seen as an inevitable component of organizational life. Since today, manpower is considered as the main asset of organizations and as a competitive advantage, management and control of the conflict phenomenon, especially with Difficult Personalities in organizations is one of the most important management skills that managers need. Definitely, Difficult employees constantly use problematic communication styles such as shouting, moaning and complaining, or taunting to express what they are feeling or thinking, in order to direct or mislead others' behaviors and attitudes. The present study simulates the decision-making situation of difficult personalities using gamification and examines the relationship rational thinking and success in interacting with difficult personalities through an experimental approach. To measure rational/experiential thinking, two methods of using the REI40 test and manipulating thinking style using a laboratory activity were used. The results of the data analysis showed that the rational thinking measured through REI40, had a positive effect on conflict management with difficult personalities; However, manipulation of thinking style did not have a significant effect on performance.

War simulation games are now designed by most of the world's advanced military colleges and headquarters for military training. Military officers can reinforce their strategic and tactical abilities by these games. On the other hand, gamification technology has recently been used by organizations to meet educational and behavioral goals. Military gamification is also used in the world as a socio-cultural instrument for producing soft power and empowering armies. This developmental research investigates the structured theoretical literature through meta-analysis and analyzes the data to explain the role of gamification in learning military command and management. Meta-analysis implies the integration of the components such as information, concepts, and theories to form a whole. It is a kind of review based on the concept of knowledge aggregated ideas. Using this approach, researchers develop their studies based on the findings of previous researchers. The findings of this study demonstrate the dynamics associated with the military gamification (including rewards, seeking success and social position, winning over challenge, self-declaration and specificity, competing with others, and humanitarianism), as well as military-related mechanisms (including privileges, processes, missions, virtual goods, ranking tables, tournaments, and gift-giving). To end with, innovative suggestions are proposed based on a nine-dimensional model of educational designing and learning through the use of military gamification technology.

One of the richest concepts and management models in the direction of Islamic civilization is jihadi management style. As unique and enduring epics were seen during the holy defense and the Supreme Leader has repeatedly referred to it as a model of efficient management and a solution to the country's problems, in the current situation and to counter sanctions and the second step of the Islamic Revolution can be used from this model. used. This study seeks to identify and explain the dimensions of jihadi management based on the biography of the commander of the holy defense martyr, Sardar Hossein Kharazi.

The present research is interpretive research in terms of research philosophy and exploratory research in terms of purpose; The research strategy is qualitative and uses the method of content analysis. Research sources also collect data related to interviews with fellow martyrs and written sources, including books, articles and documents related to jihadi management and the lives of commanders.

By examining and analyzing the data, basic, organizing and comprehensive themes were obtained. In managerial characteristics, components of planning (such as idealistic attitude in goal setting), organization (such as firm determination in program execution), coordination (such as constant presence in the field of action) and control (such as delegating authority to others) were identified. In the characteristics of leadership, the components of motivation, growth and training, acceptance and popularity, and in the characteristics of personality, the components of self-management, good mood, insight and insight were obtained. Finally, the theme network was mapped using iMindMap software.

The final proposed model presents the jihadi management style of Shahid Kharazi based on three indicators of personality traits, managerial characteristics and leadership characteristics, which can be used to take an important step in designing indigenous models and the realization of Islamic civilization.

The environment of business organizations and institutions is constantly fluctuating and changing, so it is unavoidable to employ new ways of creating and developing managerial knowledge. Experimental research methodology has been one of the important research methods for investigating and improving organizational issues; and its use in social and behavioral sciences such as sociology, psychology, economics, and management has grown significantly in recent years. Laboratory studies are one of the main types of experimental researches conducted in a controlled environment, to investigate the causal relationship and control the disturbing variables. Their application has led to the development of knowledge in various branches of management including organizational behavior, human resource management, advertising and consumer behavior, behavioral operations management, behavioral strategy, and behavioral economics. Despite the worldwide development of experimental research applications and knowledge accumulation in the international management literature, their recognition, and application in domestic research seems to have received less attention. The purpose of this study is to systematically review the related literature and identify the main concepts of this research method and its functions in management using the Delphi method. According to the research findings, 11 categories and over 30 related concepts have been identified. The main categories include experimental research nature and its types, manipulation of variables, control, repeatability, validity, and ethics in experimental research. The findings of this study can be exploited by researchers in different areas of management in order to identify and develop the applications of a new methodology in management knowledge creation.

Annually, extensive budgets and resources in various public and private sectors are dedicated to science and technology related affairs in our country. In order to manage science and technology institutions, Science and technology policymakers (including budget allocations) need to assess those institutions scientific performances. Currently, to strategically control science and technology, existing issues are regarded separately, and their inter-correlation is mostly neglected. Hence, in this study, after listing macro indicators of science and technology measurements, we seek to discover the relationship between these indicators and their classification in different levels. The present study is developmental and descriptive-survey in terms of purpose and method, respectively. The target experts consist of eleven authorities and specialists of the desired subject and they have been purposely selected. In this regard, alongside interviewing the experts and using interpretive structural modeling, these indicators are categorized into five levels. “Financial sources” possesses the highest level of independence, followed by “higher education and its orders”. “Human resources” and “Infrastructure” are ranked third, and “Science production”, “Institutional environment and framework” and “science and technology promotion” belong to the second level of the model. Ultimately, “networking and interactions” and “economic achievements” are placed in the first level, which includes the most dependent factors.

Today, knowledge is essential to the survival and success of any organization. Given that they are the people who create, share and use knowledge, an organization cannot effectively use knowledge unless its employees are willing to share their knowledge and attract knowledge of others. On the other hand, Gamification involves combining the usual mechanisms in the games with the work space, in order to make things more appealing and to direct human behavior towards the goals of the system. Gamification is actually the use of game components on issues other than the game and emphasizes the use of entertainment and pleasure in the work. In this research, it has been tried to study and recognize the Gamification, its dimensions, mechanisms, dynamics, and models, using Grounded Theory method; and the following, we try to find a way to understand the role of the Gamification and apply it to the sharing and dissemination of knowledge.   

Grounded Theory is an inductive method of theoretical discovery that allows the researcher to develop a report on the general characteristics of the subject; While simultaneously consolidating the basis of this report in empirical data observation. Using purposeful sampling, research data were collected using interviewing tools and analyzed through data analysis and coding principles. 

In this research, after formulating the stages of Grounded Theory and types of data encoding, in the end, a theory with visual modeling is presented and evaluated.

The dimensions of the proposed framework include the “organizational context”, “game-related dimensions”, and “other indicators that affect the Knowledge Sharing- Gamification”. Each of these dimensions includes lower-level components that are described in the modelchr('39')s description. For example, “organizational context” includes incomes, costs, platform, and so on, and “game-related dimensions” include the mechanisms, dynamics and aesthetics of the game

Gamification refers to the use of game-based thinking for motivating people and for solving problem. Besides, knowledge sharing is a key field of knowledge management that lies at the heart of knowledge processing, where knowledge management rooted in the nature of knowledge processing. According to many researchers, organizations are confronting problems in the implementation of knowledge sharing and creating motivation for their employees. This research is intended to investigate the indicators and components of the impacts of Gamification on knowledge sharing through Interpretive Structural Modeling to find out their significant relationship. Research population includes experts, researchers and students of selected universities in Tehran from whom 120 people, familiar with the concept of the Gamification were selected as the sample through purposive clustering approach. This research follows a descriptive analytic method using Interpretive Structural Modeling tool and a questionnaire based on Likert’s five-choice scale. To test the reliability of the data gathering tool, Cronbach's Alpha and Combined Reliability (CR) were used. The AVE tool was used to test the validity of the research tools. The results indicated that the platform dimensions (including mechanisms, dynamics and aesthetics), work platform (including platform, revenues, costs, players, etc.) and supporting factors (including management support, project evaluation, knowledge sharing process, etc.) were effective on knowledge sharing. Furthermore, the supporting factors were identified as the most significant factor, so university centers are supposed to pay particular attention to this factor. Of course, the other two factors of gaming (gaming dimensions and playing field), showed great contribution to knowledge sharing. Finally, it is recommended that university centers facilitate knowledge sharing while considering the dimensions of the Gamification.

The main purpose of the present research is to design a process model for the acquisition of experts' knowledge in organizations. In this paper, a cognitive mapping technique is used to design the native process model of knowledge acquisition of the experts and the iThoughts software is used to model the map. For gathering information, the experts' meetings and the Focus Group (attended by eight experts from the field of knowledge acquisition ) were used. According to the research findings, the native process model of knowledge acquisition consists of six essential sections: 1) Identify required knowledge, 2) Preparing an expert, 3) Preparing the Knowledge Engineering Team, 4) Knowledge category classification, 5) Choice of technique and tool and 6) Actions related to the continuation of knowledge management process. Due to the limitations of interviewing all the experts in the field, and the study of various organizations' requirements in the field of knowledge management, it has been tried to interviewing experts with a wide variety of academic and executive backgrounds; and therefore purposive sampling has been used. Future research may use complementary approaches to develop and evaluate findings. The purpose of this study is to apply the model in the real situations of organizational knowledge acquisition so that this native model can be proposed in the context of the experts' knowledge acquisition Also, in this research, we describe and interpret the factors and relationships existing between different indicators in the field of knowledge acquisition, which is based on the real environment. This study, with a process look at the subject of knowledge acquisition, in addition to reviewing techniques and methods, also considers other dimensions and components related to the topic, which is important in the field of knowledge management research.

As of first year in second decade of Iran's 20-year vision plan, the general policies of 6th 5-year development plan was declared by the supreme leader; in which the 2nd article was about "ICT", and its first headline was "obtaining 1st place in region in developing Electronic-Government on the basis of national network of information ". Therefore this research uses strategic audit procedures, like strategic position analysis & analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats to assess current state of affairs & planning strategies for achieving the aforementioned goal. This research, after identification of touching factors for developing e-government, presents 4 classes of strategies: offensive, conservative, defensive & competitive; And considering state & academic elite's comments, and e-government's current state in Iran by multiple attributes decision making, suggests conservative strategies. According to results obtained, "distributing state companie's bonds through banking system & facilitation of activity for physical and/or juridical persons in private sector” is the most effective strategy. "Noticing perceived usefulness for facilitation of using e-services", "using international standards to create a modern & efficient communication network", "using technology acceptance models" & "international cooperation" respectively are next priorities.

The main purpose of this research is to review the dimensions of avatarism and the analysis of the effect of this on cultural developments of the future of Iran. Considering the increase of the progress of ICT in the knowledge based era, one of the definite outcomes is the digitalizing of human communities, forming a second life or a life in virtual environments parallel to the real life. Avatar as a member of the future virtual community, make up the important features of the future human, that this forms the recognition of the future by recognizing those features. The aim of current research has been for development and the way of the procedure has been descriptive analysis. Furthermore the methodology of making scenarios is by using GBN, that by using this method they make and build the future by designing hypothetical scenarios. The population of this research includes the experts in the field of the ICT management in the Shahid Beheshti University. In conclusion we make 2D matrix that the y-axis includes technical and cultural and the x-axis includes positive synergy and positive and negative synergy and negative synergy. In total 6 scenraios have been built and the effects of avatarism on future cultural changes in Iran has been analysed.