محمود خدادوست

Celiac disease is an autoimmune enteropathy caused by gluten consumption in genetically predisposed individuals. Gluten is a protein that is soluble in alcohol and is present in grains such as wheat, barley, and rye. This abnormal response to gluten causes atrophy of the intestinal mucosa, resulting in reduced absorption capacity of the intestine and inadequate uptake of essential nutrients, accompanied by both digestive and non-digestive symptoms. Due to the increasing prevalence of celiac disease, athletes must have a comprehensive understanding of the disease, associated risks, and the management options of this disease in areas such as diet management and exercise prescription. This review paper discusses the etiology of the disease, nutritional assessment, and exercise management for athletes with celiac disease.

The health sectors in developing countries are facing challenges such as rising of costs and diminishing resources. Therefore, outsourcing appears to be an effective solution. Considering that Iran is confronted with challenges such as the lack of a strong private sector, lack of managerial skills in contract negotiation, and weak supervision, it is essential to have supervision, success indicators, and results dissemination for the successful implementation of outsourcing in hospitals and healthcare organizations. The aim of this study was to examine outsourced imaging units and pharmacies affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences using economic indicators, accessibility, and quality.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2020-2021. The research population included all imaging centers and outsourced pharmacies affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Initially, a format was designed in the intelligent hospital information management system for the outsourced units. Then, the units completed and extracted the data. The data included economic indicators, access to services, and service quality for all outsourced imaging centers and pharmacies from 2009 to 2020. The results were reported using descriptive statistics.

Based on the results of this study, in all indicators, only two teaching hospital (the Imam Hussein Hospital's imaging unit and Loghman Hospital's pharmacy) showed satisfactory results. For all other centers the results were not satisfactory.

In this study, all outsourced units had average or, in some cases, weak service quality based on indicators examined. The findings suggest continuous evaluation and assessment of outsourced units are necessary and a decision should be made for outsource centers affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in order to improve service delivery.

This study was conducted with the aim of bibliometric analysis and visualization of the Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine during the years 2010 to 2021.

The present study is a descriptive bibliometric study. The community studied in this research consists of 546 articles from 48 issues and 4 special issues of the Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine from the the first publication (2010) to the end of 2021.The journal website and Scopus database were used to collect the required data. Bibliographic and citation information of all articles were extracted and saved in CSV format. Specifications of all articles were downloaded and saved in ris file format for visualization. After collecting the data, Excel software was used to perform descriptive analysis and VOSviewer was used to visualize the data.

The trend of journal publication and citations is first upward and then downward; so that the number of articles in the journal is ascending and then descending from 2010 to 2016. The trend of received citations is also upward and growing from 2010 to 2012, and then downward and constant. Alireza Ghannadi’s article titled "Necessity, importance, and applications of Traditional Medicine knowledge in different nations" was the most cited article in Scopus with 12 citations. Mohammad Reza Shams Ardekani is the most productive author with 36 articles, and Meysam Shirzad has the most co-authorship with 153 links. Most of the top authors are from Tehran and Isfahan Universities of Medical Sciences. The keywords, traditional medicine with 74 occurrences, traditional Iranian medicine with 46 occurrences, and Persian Medicine with 45 occurrences are the three most frequent keywords in the Journal respectively.

This study has provided a bibliometric analysis and citation analysis of all the articles in the Journal of Islamic and Iranian Traditional Medicine during the years 2010 to 2021. The findings of this study can serve as a guide and roadmap to journalists and assist them in continuing their way.

The present study was designed to investigate the factors affecting the formation of hospital human capital in the field of Covid-19 virus management. The method studied in this research was an exploratory type that was performed in the field. The statistical population of the qualitative section includes academic experts and the quantitative section includes the managers of selected hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The tools used in this study included interviews and questionnaires. The statistical method included structural equations with partial least squares method. The results of the qualitative section showed that a total of 22 sub-items were classified into 5 categories: leadership factors, job factors, information infrastructure, educational issues and supervisory aspects. The results of the quantitative section also showed that these factors played an important role in the formation of hospital human capital in the field of Covid-19 virus management. The critical nature of the Covid-19 virus has also led to the importance of human capital, various aspects in order to create the initial basis for the formation of hospital human capital in the field of Covid-19 virus management.The critical nature of the Covid-19 virus has also led to the importance of human capital, various aspects in order to create the initial basis for the formation of hospital human capital in the field of Covid-19 virus management.

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek) seeds have a long history of treating allergic asthma known as “Rabv” in Persian medicine. The protective effects of fenugreek on asthma have been noted in Persian medicine texts.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of aqueous fenugreek seed extract (AFSE) on the reduction of Th2 cytokines via decreasing the levels of mRNA expression of Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF).

28 female Balb/c mice were divided into four groups of seven animals. Negative and positive control groups received Phosphate-buffered saline and ovalbumin (OVA), respectively. The remaining two groups were firstly sensitized with OVA to induce asthma and then received Theophylline and AFSE. Thereafter, the mRNA expressions of Th2-type interleukins (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) and mucin5 as well as the concentrations of IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33 in BALF samples were measured and pathological alterations of lung tissues were analyzed.

AFSE treatment of Balb/c mice significantly decreased the number of eosinophils, the mRNA expressions of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and mucin5 and the concentrations of IL-5, IL-13, and IL-33 in their BALF specimens. It also considerably prevented peribronchial and perivascular inflammations, mucus hypersecretion, and goblet cell hyperplasia in lung tissues in comparison to OVA-sensitized mice.

The present study demonstrated that the aqueous fenugreek seeds extract could be an alternative medication for the treatment of allergic asthma.

Texts and works of traditional (Iranian) medicine show that the physicians of this school of medicine, based on their own paradigm in the field of neurology, were familiar with dementia (Alzheimer's). Also the method of treatment and prescription of medicinal plants such as (frankincense, halibut, saffron, amla, etc.) for the treatment of this disease can be seen in the works and writings of physicians such as Razi, Ibn Sina, Ahwazi, etc. Contrary to the paradigm of traditional medicine (and its lack of commitment to the worldview of the four elements and the principles of temperaments and humors in the world), conventional medicine has taken a quantitative and reductionist approach to treating this disease. This study is an attempt to investigate the treatment of Alzheimer's disease using traditional medicine combinations and common medical prescriptions and its purpose is to answer this question: What are the therapeutic similarities between traditional medicine sources and common medical prescription methods?

This study is based on a descriptive-analytical method and by taking notes from the advanced medical sources (Al-Hawi, Qanun Fi Al-Tib, Kamel Al-Sina'a, Khalasa Al-Hakma, etc.) in libraries and comparing it with the resources in the database of Magiran publications and Jihad Daneshgahi Scientific Information Database and other new research papers have been formed.

Chemical analysis and decomposition of herbs and spices prescribed in traditional medicine confirms the fact that these drugs all have more or less different proportions of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and ... compounds. The most basic antioxidant properties of herbs and herbs are effective in preventing the destruction of brain cells.

The appropriateness and proximity of the chemical structure of drugs prescribed in conventional medicine such as Tacrine, Denpzil, etc. with the compounds in herbs and spices used in traditional medicine, shows a significant and remarkable similarity. This similarity can be researched and carefully considered by researchers in the vicinity of the treatment methods of these two schools of therapy, while maintaining the principles and structural principles of each.

Polycystic ovary syndrome affects 5-10% of women of reproductive age and is characterized by irregular menstruation, hyperandrogenism, and ovarian cysts. Iranian traditional medicine products can be effective in treatment of this syndrome. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the effect of compound honey syrup on the polycystic ovary syndrome induced by estradiol valerate in female rats.

In this experimental study conducted by traditional medicine and matria medica research center of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in animal laboratory of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences on female rats in 2017, the compound honey syrup (Ma-ol-asal) (containing honey, cinnamon, ginger, saffron, cardamom, galangal, nutmeg, mace and mastic) was used. Thirty female rats were classified into five groups of cases: negative control, positive control, and three treatment groups (receiving two doses of compound honey syrup (1ml/kg and 2ml/kg) and metformin). Polycystic ovary syndrome was induced by injection of Estradiol valerate. At the end of intervention, the rats were euthanized, hormones were measured, and the ovarian histology was examined. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 24) and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn-Bonferroni tests. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

At the end of the study, weights of ovaries in the metformin and Ma-ol-asal 2 groups were higher than the untreated group. There was no change in body weight or abdominal fat. There was a significant increase in levels of progesterone in three treatment groups (P=0.002) and significant reduction of estrogen in the metformin group compared to the untreated group (P=0.021). There was significant reduction of number of ovary cysts in Ma-ol-asal 1 group (P=0.001), and significant increase in the number of Corpus luteum, and antral follicles in Ma-ol-asal 1 and 2 groups compared to the untreated group (P=0.010). The number of graph follicles did not differ significantly in the groups (P=0.083).

Compound honey syrup was effective in improving hormonal and histological status in polycystic ovary syndrome as much as metformin and was more effective in some cases.

Thirst (Attash) is a diagnostic sign of diseases from the perspective of Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM).The purpose of this study is to provide a functional definition for the concept of thirst and its causes in ITM.

In this study, we used the concept analysis (hybrid model) which has three phases; in the theoretical phase, the content related to the definition of thirst and its causes were searched in ITM books and an efficient definition of thirst was presented. In the fieldwork phase, main themes were obtained after semi-structured interviewing of 16 ITM specialists. In the final (analytical) phase, the results of the two previous phases were compared to each other to present the final definition for thirst.

The thirst  is defined as the need for water and any food that is cold and wet, and the increase and decrease in thirst is a sign of disease. For its examination, it is necessary to pay attention to the change in the degree of thirst and the amount of consumed water or cold/wet foods. It is important to differentiate between drinking water as recommended, drinking water as habit, or drinking water because of dry mouth with thirst. Different characteristics of thirst can be used to diagnose the affected organs.

 In this study, using the concept analysis method, a functional definition of the thirst as a symptom was presented and its causes were investigated. The low number of studies on thirst and lack of access to some ITM specialists were some of the limitations of our study. It is recommended to investigate the prevalence of thirst in patients and its relationship with dystemperament in future studies.

Liver temperament (mizaj) is one of the main concepts that have an essential role in all aspects of prevention, diagnosis and treatment. In the Iranian Traditional medicine (ITM) textbooks, a lot of indices for liver temperament and dystemperament are expressed. The purpose of this study is assessment of the views of written sources of Iranian traditional medicine for the diagnosis of liver temperament.

In this review paper, some important textbooks of ITM were studied. Also, scientific databases such as PubMed, Scopus and Magiran was investigated using the keywords of liver and Mizaj or Temperament.

In ITM, various sign or symptoms are used to determine liver temperament, which are in fact, a part of the general temperament of the body. Among these symptoms, color of the body, phenotype, liver or body palpitation, pulse and the status of the vessel, food or air reaction, gastrointestinal symptoms, such as the quality of stool and urinary excretion, digestion, thirst, appetite, etc., and body hair, especially the hair on the abdomen, are more important.

In the ITM textbooks, diagnostic indices of liver temperament have been completely considered, but there is no mention of the diagnostic importance of each of the indices. According to the findings of this study, more clinical studies are suggested to determine the diagnostic importance of each of the symptoms, as well as the design and validation of the diagnostic tool for liver temperament.

Liver dystemperament is one of the main concepts of Iranian Traditional Medicine. However, the significance of its diagnostic criteria is not clear. The purpose of this study is to determine the major and minor diagnostic criteria of liver dystemperament in Iranian Traditional Medicine. This study is a qualitative study based on a hybrid model or a combination of theoretical and empirical studies. At the theoretical stage, 11 books of the main texts of Iranian Traditional Medicine were reviewed and scientific databases were searched by the keywords "liver" and "temperament" (mizaj) in Persian and English. Then, in order to examine the diagnostic method and the importance of each of the criteria, a semi-structured face-to-face interview was conducted with 16 traditional medicine specialists. The data were analyzed through conventional content analysis. Then, the significance and diagnostic priority of each of the symptoms were assessed through a discussion group featuring 10-12 professors. In this study, six major criteria and six minor criteria were identified for hot and cold dystemperament and eight major and ten minor criteria were identified for wet and dry liver dystemperament. This study is the first study to assess the importance of symptoms from the viewpoint of traditional medicine specialists and can be considered as an important step forward in integrating the methods of traditional Iranian medicine in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Further studies, as well as validation of the proposed diagnostic indicators and tools for liver dystemperament, are recommended.

The study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of training of Iranian traditional medicine principles on health workers' lifestyle in Kashan, Iran. This was a quasi-experimental study on a sample of 54 health workers. The educational intervention was performed through 5 weeks and 25 educational hours during which, principles of health maintenance (weather, exercise and resting, sleep and awakeness, eating and drinking, maintaining essential materials and repelling unnecessary materials, psychological health) were taught to health workers. Data collection was conducted before and three months following the educational intervention. According to the statistical analysis significant improvement was observed in five principles (weather, sleep and awakeness, eating and drinking, maintaining essential materials and repelling unnecessary materials and psychological health). The findings indicated that training Iranian traditional medicine principles for maintaining health could improve the lifestyle of health workers.

Stomach problems are prevalent in clinical medicine. In Persian medicine, recommendations are based on the improvement of lifestyle in order to preserve the lifestyle and improve it considering the temperament.

This qualitative study was a kind of a library-based review that collected gastric health advices from authentic sources of Persian medicine.

After collecting the data and categorizing them, factors that are considered to protect the health and prevent gastric diseases were expressed. Following points are among the most important recommendations of Persian medicine to preserve the gastric health: eating time, the amount of food, the type of food, enough chewing, proper interval between physical activity and eating a meal, avoiding eating in inappropriate psychological state, and time of drinking water.

Considering that Persian medicine pays a particular attention to stomach and its health, it has had particular recommendations for the gastric health in various sources. Modern medicine has had a lot of recommendations for lifestyle modification in preventing and controlling diseases in recent decades. However, some causes of stomach problems are factors that have been less popular in modern medicine. Considering the importance of nutrition in human health, observing the principles of nutrition can be effective in preventing many diseases.

The general health poilices (GHP) that have been announced by the supreme leader of Iran is a systemic and futurographic approach to all fields of Iranian health.  GHP clause 12th: "Interpretation of 12th clause of general health policies: recognition, explanation, promotion, development and institutionalization of traditional Persian medicine" is merely devoted to Persian medicine (PM). The aim of this study was to interpret this clause in a thicktank which is formed by researcher and specialists of PM. In the first step, critical concepts of GHP 12th clause were studied according to the upstream national documents and international search engines and libraries without time limitation. In the second step, in an interview with PM politicians, administerators, specialists and stakeholders, general interventions are gathered, categoried and interpreted. Finally, proposed interventions are presented. Here, 14 concepts of GHP 12th clause are defined and 68 interventions are proposed. In this study, PM related GHP are interpreted in a wide field: promotion, education, research, import, export, technology and production. Such interpretation will result in integration of traditional and conventional medicines, preventing forgery claims in PM and presenting new opportunities for conventional medicine.

Persian Medicine (PM) references contain valuable information which can be useful for health preservation, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and can promote health in society. Introducing this school of medicine to the medical community requires a set of valid English equivalents to communicate PM’s fundamental concepts. This study gathers the most frequent words in PM in three forms: Persian name, English or Latin name and Persian name with English spelling, and finally a uniform English and Persian name is suggested for every word. “Iranian Scientometric Information Database – ISID” were used to find those researchers in PM and Persian pharmacy who have a PhD degree and an H-Index equal or more than 4. Then all of their review articles about PM indexed in Scopus were analysed to pinpoint the frequent words of basic principles in PM. An expert panel of five including PM and Persian pharmacy specialists, and an English language specialist decided about the best word as the final suggestion for each concept. There were 17 researches with 478 articles 77 of which were review articles. Totally 62 words were taken out of these articles. In addition, the experts decided to add 18 more words to the list. This study provides a fairly exhaustive list of words of basic principles in PM. Using these words in future studies can contribute to the uniformity of the key vocabulary in PM articles.

Digestive diseases are one of the problems of the health system in the world. From the perspective of Persian medicine, the stomach begins the second stage of digestion and its function plays an important role in human health or illness. The written sources of Persian medicine have been widely used to determine the health of the stomach. The purpose of this study is to summarize indices of Mizaj-e-Meda (Temperament of Stomach) identification to help better diagnose the status of health or illness of stomach.
In this review article, 11 valid Iranian medicine sources and scientific databases of Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and web of science as well as Persian indices of SID, Iran Doc, Magiran were searched and the existing views were summarized.
FINDINGS: In the sources of Persian medicine, the indices of different types of Mizaj (temperament) and Su-e-mizaj (abnormal temperament) have been proposed. Seventeen articles on the subject of gastric diseases in Persian medicine were found; one case merely examined gastric symptoms, while others only slightly referred to the indices. Some of the most important indices considered in these sources for identifying the type of Mizaj-e-Meda were the way of digestion, desire for food according to the type of Mizaj (temperament), thirst, appetite, burrow, moisture and taste of the mouth, tongue and mouth condition, flatulence, quality of waste matter, speed of food passage, sour stomach, burning stomach, stomach ache and stomach malmas (touch).
CONCLUTIONS: Persian medicine sources have fully cited gastric indices, which can be used for a more effective diagnose and treatment and even prevention of gastric diseases, and can also be used for designing and validating standard scales for Mizaj-e-Meda (Temperament of Stomach) identification.

Background and

Cholera is a contagious infectious disease that has caused many problems for human societies throughout the history. While various epidemics of this disease in different parts of the world and in our country have been observed, it has not been eradicated yet. The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of cholera from the viewpoint of Persian medicine experts.
Methods and Materials: This research is a descriptive library review study reviewing the literature and historical articles of Persian medicine and conventional medicine as well as databases such as SID, Noormags, Iran medex, Irandoc, Google Scholar, and PubMed.

According to the views of Persian medicine scholars, the creation of the "fever of Vaba" is due to the bad change in air and water and blending of bad vapor from the earth with the air. The reasons for the development of this whether have been mentioned as the lack of air movement among the trees and cemeteries, the presence of stagnant ponds and swamps, the stagnation of the dead bodies after the wars and the corpses of the dead patients, and the temperament change of the seasons. The Iranian “Vaba” fever is beyond the disease that we know as choleric fever and includes several communicable diseases such as cholera, plague, smallpox, and measles.

Considering that Persian medicine has a high capacity to provide sanitation and therapeutic solutions, it is necessary to evaluate the health and medical recommendations of Persian medicine to use its potential abilities.

Joint pain is one of the most common causes of patient’s referral to health centers. There have been several reasons for joint pain such as degenerative changes in cartilage and bones, loss of articular cartilage and inflammations of cartilage external structures such as ligaments, joint capsules and tendons. Although drug and non-drug methods of treatment in conventional medicine were effective in temporary relief of pain and local symptoms but the results are not satisfactory for patients and physicians. Common medical treatments include steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, immunosuppressive drugs and cartilage repairing agents. Traditional view about the etiology and treatments of joint pain is somewhat different with conventional medicine. In this review, an overview of the most important analgesic plants for chronic arthritis pain relief in Iranian traditional medicine literatures were extracted and ranked.
According to the aim of the study which was the investigation of plants in relieving joint pain in Iranian traditional medicine, searching by keyword of relieving joint pain in the electronic version of five main resources was performed. The references were consisting of Qanun fi al-Teb, Ekhtiarate Badiee, Tohfeh Hakim Momen, Al Havi and Makhzan-ol-Advieh. .All medications with joint pain relief effect were individually extracted. Due to their importance and potency; they were scored 1 to 5. Total scores of each plant were calculated and ranked based on above mentioned resources.
Herbs with analgesic and humor reduction effects that gained the highest scores are Anethum graveolens, Ferula assa-foetida, Dorema ammoniacum, Citrullus colocynthis, Ruta graveolens, Zingiber zerumbet and Convolvulus scammonia, respectively.
Discussion & Usually, arthralgia is associated with local humor accumulation in joints. Therefore reduction of these abnormal humors in joints with analgesic and reductive properties of herbs may lead to relieving arthralgia. Based on the Iranian traditional medicine resources, systemic therapy is the first step in dealing with a patient with joint pain but for treating or relieving pain faster, topical pain reliever drugs can be used. These claims must be evaluated by clinical trials.

Research is considered axis of each progressing and scientific development. Scattered studies without any logical plan won’t lead to the desired results. Research prioritization in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) is more necessary because of limited resources and manpower.This study was conducted in four phases with Delphi’s pattern of study. At the first stage, it was consulted from TIM departments at universities in Iran about research priorities. Conclusion of these priorities due to scoring to them was sent for 160 experts and assistants of traditional medicine, in two phases. For the last step, results of previous steps and conclusion of two phases of scoring were reviewed by the outstanding masters of TIM. The result was categorized, concluded and then presented in table form.81 topics were determined as research priorities after the conclusion of all comments. These topics are categorized in 4 areas. 3 topics in the area of “Hefz-al-Sehhah” (Maintaining the health), 12 subject in the area of “effective factors on sustainable development of Traditional Medicine”, 3 topics in “Basics of TIM “ and 65 subjects in the field of “diseases”.It is proposed that the arrangement of research priorities be considered in “Hefz-al-Sehhah”, “effective factors on sustainable development of Traditional Medicine”, “Basics of TIM” and “diseases” consequently. We recommend that research groups in the proposed areas to be formed, designing a research strategy for each area by sequential studies to achieve definite goals. It is suggested that research policy-making entities in the field of TIM and also related scientific associations, use these research priorities as the basis for moral and financial support.

Preterm labor, which defines as live-birth delivery before 37 weeks of gestation is a main determinant of neonatal morbidity and mortality around the world.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of preterm labor in Iran by a meta-analysis study, to be as a final measure for policy makers in this field.

In this meta-analysis, the databases of Thomson database (Web of Knowledge), PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, Iranmedex, Scientific Information Database (SID), Magiran, and Medlib were searched for articles in English and Persian language published between 1995 and 2014. Among the studies with regard to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 studies (out of 1370 publications) were selected. Data were analyzed by using Stata software version 11. The heterogeneity of reported prevalence among studies was evaluated by the Chi-square based Q test and I2 statistics.

The results of Chi-square based on Q test and I2 statistics revealed severe heterogeneity (Q=2505.12, p-value < 0.001 and I2= 99.5%) and consequently, the random effect model was used for the meta-analysis. Based on the random effect model, the overall estimated prevalence of preterm in Iran was 9.2% (95% CI: 7.6 – 10.7).

Present study summarized the results of previous studies and provided a comprehensive view about the preterm delivery in Iran. In order to achieve a more desirable level and its reduction in the coming years, identifying affecting factor and interventional and preventive actions seem necessary.