مریم زارع

The main mission of educationalists is to create a suitable platform for identifying the talents of students and helping them to emerge and flourishing talents according to individual differences. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of philosophizing in exploration circles as a teaching method on the academic buoyancy of students.

The research method was semi-experimental using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and random assignment of subjects. The study population included all the sixth grade students of Sangsar section of Rasht city in the academic year of 2022. Sampling was available and the number of samples was 40 people who were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. To collect data, the academic buoyancy questionnaire (Martin and Marsh, 2006) was used. Then, for 8 sessions, the experimental group was trained in the method of teaching philosophising in exploration circles in the lesson of thinking and research. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 software and by univariate analysis of covariance.

The findings showed that the teaching method of philosophizing in exploration circles was effective on students' academic buoyancy (P<0.001).

It seems that learning philosophy teaching techniques that are positively related to beliefs, emotions and behaviors related to progress leads to the creation of a positive emotional atmosphere in learning situations and ultimately causes academic vitality in students. Therefore, according to the obtained results, it is recommended to use the teaching method of philosophizing in exploration circles to improve academic vitality.

Teaching is one of the most stressful jobs in the world, and paying attention to teachers' motivation and job satisfaction, in addition to improving their job results, also affects students' academic achievement. Therefore, identifying the factors affecting teachers' job satisfaction and motivation is an essential issue for researchers in this field. According to the research literature, personality traits significantly impact motivation and job satisfaction, and perfectionism, a personality trait, has considerable potential in explaining these constructs. Stoeber and Otto (2006) proposed two opposing types of perfectionism, which were reiterated in this study using the similar concepts of perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns. Some emotional and motivational mechanisms involved in perfectionism, such as striving for perfection and mastering tasks in perfectionistic efforts, as well as fear of evaluation in perfectionistic concerns, have made the relationship between flow and perfectionism particularly interesting. Flow refers to a state in which an activity is performed by a person not because of external reinforcements or factors, but because of the activity itself. To enter a state of flow, there must be a match between the challenge presented and the individual's skills for that challenge; therefore, there is a semantic connection between flow and motivation. Additionally, since flow is a psychological state characterized by maximum optimism and satisfaction experienced during an activity, equating to complete immersion in work, it seems that flow can predict job satisfaction. Given this context, the job satisfaction and teaching motivation of teachers are crucial for the quality of education, improving educational outcomes, and the academic progress of students. Understanding the predictive factors of these two variables requires a broad and deep perspective. On the other hand, bivariate and linear relationships do not provide profound insights; therefore, it is necessary to investigate mediating variables using structural equation modeling to explore indirect relationships in this field. The general goal of this study is to investigate the mediating role of flow in the relationship between perfectionism and teaching motivation, as well as job satisfaction.

The present study investigates the structural relationships between variables using a correlational research design and the structural equation modeling method. The research population includes all primary school teachers in Yazd and Ashkazar cities who worked during the academic year 2020-2021. The minimum sample size for this study was determined using Cochran's formula, yielding 331 participants, while 374 individuals were selected through random cluster sampling. In this approach, 54 primary schools (23 schools from District One of Yazd, 21 schools from District Two of Yazd, and 10 schools from Ashkazar city) were randomly selected, and nearly all teachers from these schools participated in the study. The inclusion criteria were informed consent from the subjects, being a primary school teacher in Yazd and Ashkazar cities, and having access to virtual space, while unwillingness to participate was the exclusion criterion. The questionnaires were administered online through the Porsline website, ensuring that respondents could not leave any item unanswered. Ethical considerations included informing participants about the purpose of the study, ensuring the confidentiality of information, and providing complete freedom to participate or not. The participants’ average teaching experience was 11 years, with a standard deviation of 8.42 years. The sample consisted of 319 female participants (85%) and 55 male participants (15%).

The research model showed a good fit with the collected data, indicating that the proposed relationships between variables are supported by empirical evidence. The results of structural equation modeling indicated a relatively good fit for the model and demonstrated that flow mediated the relationship between the dimensions of perfectionism and job satisfaction. Additionally, flow mediated the association between the dimensions of perfectionism and teaching motivation. The results also revealed a significant relationship between the dimensions of perfectionism and flow. Regarding the relationship between perfectionism dimensions and teaching motivation, only perfectionistic concerns negatively and directly predicted teaching motivation. Furthermore, the dimensions of perfectionism did not directly and significantly predict job satisfaction. Overall, the results indicate that flow acts as a critical pathway through which the dimensions of perfectionism influence job satisfaction and teaching motivation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate a causal model regarding the mediating role of flow in the relationship between perfectionism dimensions, job satisfaction, and teaching motivation through structural equation modeling. The findings revealed that none of the dimensions of perfectionism could directly and significantly predict job satisfaction. Given that most participants in this study were women, it is possible that, according to the culture of Iran, women direct their perfectionism toward issues other than work-related matters, which may explain the lack of a direct relationship between these two variables. Additionally, the modeling results showed that perfectionistic concerns directly and negatively predict teaching motivation, while perfectionistic strivings do not directly predict teaching motivation. Based on the present findings, perfectionistic strivings positively predict flow, whereas perfectionistic concerns negatively predict flow, highlighting the significant mediating role of flow in the relationship between the dimensions of perfectionism and teaching motivation. In explaining these findings, it can be stated that the constant effort to achieve high standards—one of the indicators of perfectionistic strivings—contributes to the direct positive link between perfectionistic strivings and flow, as this is crucial for both constructs. Conversely, individuals with perfectionistic concerns are often preoccupied with others' evaluations of themselves, which contradicts the self-reflection and immersion in work necessary to experience flow. The positive relationship between flow and teaching motivation aligns with the theoretical foundations of flow and self-determination theory, suggesting that individuals enjoy the balance between skills and task demands and gradually set more challenging goals to maintain this state. By increasing the level of challenge, they expand their existing skills, and as individuals recognize their skill growth, they experience intrinsic motivation. According to the structural model of the research, the mediating role of flow is significant in the relationship between the dimensions of perfectionism and job satisfaction. In justifying this result, it can be argued that when a person experiences flow, they are cognitively efficient, deeply engaged, motivated, and experience a high level of pleasure and happiness. Thus, it seems logical that a person who experiences flow while engaging in an activity has a positive evaluation of that work and feels satisfaction. Given that this study employed a correlational design, causal inferences cannot be drawn. It is recommended that the model of this study be examined among teachers from different cultural contexts to enhance the generalizability of the results. These changes enhance clarity and readability while maintaining the original meaning and structure of your abstract.

Hyperactivity is a developmental behavioral disorder that causes impulsive reactions, learning disorders and excessive physical activities and is associated with some abnormal behaviors that lead to destructive concentration and self-regulation skills. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effectiveness of Compensatory cognitive training has been conducted on concentration and self-regulation of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The experimental research method was carried out using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The current research population, all male students have hyperactivity symptoms in Chahar Karaj region in the academic year 97-98. Sampling was done by simple random sampling and included 30 hyperactive students of Qalam 1 and 2 schools who were randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. To collect data, subscales of Wechsler's memory test, Conner's behavioral problems rating scale created by the teacher (1999), d2 concentration test (2016) and Bouffard's self-regulation (1995) were used. The experimental group was administered for 8 sessions under the training program. Compensatory cognition was placed and the research hypothesis was calculated through multivariate and univariate covariance analysis test.

The results showed that compensatory cognitive training was effective in improving concentration and self-regulation skills of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (p>0.05).

According to the obtained results, it is recommended to use compensatory cognitive training to improve concentration and self-regulation skills.

In the course of history, the land of Iran has witnessed the coming to power of various governments. One of the most important Shia governments in the 4th century AH is the Deylamian dynasty. The most famous Deylamian dynasty was the Al-Buyeh or the Buyid dynasty, which ruled from 322 to 454 AH in various branches, and sometimes close to most parts of Iran and Iraq. One of the most important figures who came to the throne in the Buyid regime was Azd al-Dawla. Today, some wooden tablets belonging to the tomb of Imam Ali (A.S.) which was built by the order of Azd al-Dawla Deylami (363 AH) are kept in various museums in the world, including the Rabenou Collection and the Cairo Arab Museum. But, another wooden tablet from the same period, which is in the Persepolis Museum of Shiraz, has a common pattern in structure and inscriptions with the same theme as these works, and they contain Shia content along with its support. In addition to these works, there is a wooden tablet with the construction date of 520 AH in the National Museum of Iran, which has something in common with the works in question. The purpose of this research is to examine the principles of the structural pattern and inscriptions of these works and to compare them with each other. The questions are: 1. What structure do these wooden works have in terms of design and inscriptions? 2.To what extent are the structural design principles and inscriptions of these works similar? The descriptive-analytical research method is used with a comparative approach. The method of collecting library information is documentary and field research; using fiche and photography tools and qualitative data analysis method. According to the investigations, it was found that these works generally have the same design in terms of structure and composition and they all follow a common pattern. The composition of the mold in them is in the form of an altar. Decorative motifs are limited around the main frame. These plant motifs taken from Sassanid wings and leaves, which are the characteristics of the Buyid period, are designed in a similar way in all the studied works. In the last sample of the wooden tablet examined in this research, although there is a gap in time, the text of the inscription and the style of the lines used are the same with other works, and this can indicate the continuation and preservation of the tradition and style of engraving on wood by artists. Most of the wooden panels are dedicated to Kufic inscriptions, which is one of the distinctive features of Buyid wooden works. The inscriptions are written in simple Kufic script with the exact same word design as in the examined works. Baseline in the inscriptions of all examined samples has the same structure. The inscriptions have four lines of the background and the connections of the letters are designed on these four lines. The letter "h" has the highest seat height in the inscriptions, and by bifurcating the tip of this letter and turning it into a vegetable shape, more emphasis has been placed on this letter in the inscriptions, and its decorative value is more than other letters. Another thing in common is the content of the inscriptions, which can be seen in the last table of this topic in a comparative way. As it is clear from the table, the inscriptions of Surah Al-Ikhlas, the phrase "وحده لا شریک له" are present in all the examined works. The inscription of a part of Jafar Tayyar's prayer has been repeated in the examined works, except for the wooden tablet belonging to the year 520 AH in the National Museum of Iran. Another noteworthy point is the alignment of inscriptions with a common theme in the examined works. So that the beginning and end of each line is common in these works and it seems that the designers have used the same pattern to create these works. The most similarities can be seen in the wooden tablet in the Takht-Jamshid Museum of Shiraz and the wooden tablet in the Rabenou collection, and the only difference between them is the use of more inscriptions in the wooden tablet of the Rabenou collection. In this work, there is an inscription mentioning the Ahl al-Bayt and a prayer for morals, which is not seen in other examined wooden works. Considering the commonality of the text of the inscription on the wooden tablets belonging to the tomb of Imam Ali, including the order of Azd al-Dawla Deylami to build a noble tomb in 363 AH, with the wooden tablet in the Persepolis Museum of Shiraz, it can be concluded that the wooden tablet in Takht-Jamshid Museum is part of the same valuable collection.

Ambulatury training comprises an important part of the clinical training of students; in so doing, this study endeavored to investigate the status of education in the internal and pediatric clinics of the teaching hospitals of Ahvaz Jundishapur University from the perspective of interns.

This descriptive-analytical study was conducted to evaluate the educational environment of internal and pediatric clinics on 302 medical students who were selected by simple random sampling method. The instrument was ACLEEM psychometric questionnaire in 8 domains. The areas were "ability of clinical professors, activity in the clinical arena and patient care, allocation of time for non-clinical activities, infrastructure, clinical skills, assessment and feedback, information, communication and technology and clinical supervision. Descriptive statistics, distribution and percentage, and independent t-tests and ANOVA were used for data analysis.

The highest average score of interns was related to the field of "clinical skills" with 69.25% and the lowest average score was related to the field of "measurement and feedback" with 37.55%. The total score of the areas was reported as 88.48±25.57 in the pediatric department and 88.47±30.67 in the internal department. Besides, there was no significant difference in the average score of all areas between the internal and pediatric departments (P value= 0.9), but overall score of all areas were significantly different between females and males (P value= 0.001).

The results indicated that the educational environment of clinics is a semi-optimal condition from the interns' point of view which indicates insufficient satisfaction with this environment.To improve clinical education, it seems necessary to plan carefully and use other available clinical capacities should be given serious attention.

Low temperature storage is the most important method used to preserve harvested products. Keeping products at low temperatures, above the freezing point up to 10 degrees Celsius, can cause frost damage in fruits and vegetables, especially tropical and subtropical products. The use of heat treatments as safe, organic and alternative physical methods is increasing, these treatments are used to maintain the quality after harvesting and also to prevent frostbite of garden products. Also, one of the recommended methods to reduce fruit waste is to increase the calcium concentration of the fruit by using calcium solutions. Calcium is one of the most important mineral elements that is involved in determining the quality of the fruit and its shelf life. Studies conducted on the use of nano fertilizers in some species of fruit trees has shown their potential role in improving the yield of the product and the physical and chemical properties of the fruitThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of postharvest treatments of calcium chloride and nano chelated calcium fertilizers on chilling injury and physiological characteristics of local orange fruits stored at 2 ±0.5° C and 85% relative humidity for 60 to 120 days.
 
In this research, orange fruits of the local cultivar Citrus sinensis at the stage of commercial maturity based on the taste index (10TSS/TA⋍) were prepared from Darab city of Fars province and transferred to the Physiology Laboratory of Horticultural Sciences Department of Shiraz University. Then the fruits were disinfected with 2% sodium hypochlorite and washed with distilled water. Treatments included calcium chloride and nano chelated calcium fertilizers at different concentrations of zero, 3 and 6 dissolved in cold water (20°C) and hot water at 45 °C for 25 and 15 min, respectively. Sampling was done on days 60 and 120. To simulate shelf life conditions, before measuring the parameters, the fruits were kept at laboratory temperature for two days. In this research, the changes in fruit tissue firmness, freezing index, weight loss percentage, soluble solids, total acidity, ascorbic acid, ion leakage, potassium ion leakage, malondialdehyde, calcium content of fruit skin and flesh, fruit color, catalase enzymes and peroxidase were measured. Data analysis was done using SAS software version 4.9 and comparison of averages was done by LSD test at 5% probability level.
 
There was a significant difference between nano chelated calcium and calcium chloride in calcium enrichment in pulp and fruit skin Calcium chloride and nano chelated calcium treatments dissolved in hot water reduced weight loss, soluble solids content, acidity, ascorbic acid, ion leakage and malondialdehyde and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and peroxidase. Nano chelated calcium increased calcium content by 44% in fruit skin and up to 41% in fruit pulp compared to calcium chloride. Nano chelated calcium 3 and 6 % showed more stability in fruit weight (159 and 400%, respectively) compared to calcium chloride after two months of storage. After 60 and 120 days of storage, the content of ascorbic acid in fruits treated with 6 nano chelated calcium was 73% higher than calcium chloride. Nano chelated calcium 3 % compared to calcium chloride prevented 39.6 of potassium ion leakage during 60 days of storage. The amount of ascorbic acid in the 3% and 6% nano calcium treatment and the tissue hardness in the 3% nano calcium chelate treatment after two months of storage were estimated to be higher than the control and calcium chloride. Calcium nano chelate 6% improved the calcium content of fruit flesh and skin due to increased permeability. Warm water pretreatment with calcium compounds is an efficient and recommendable treatment for the preservation of orange fruits in cold storage conditions due to the improvement and reduction of the severity of the increase in indicators related to the occurrence of frost damage in the skin of fruits.
 
One of the primary concerns during storage is the loss of fruit weight. Calcium nano chelate, in comparison to the control and calcium chloride treatments, exhibited the least weight loss over the two months of storage. This is attributed to the critical role of calcium in influencing the shelf life of fruits. It was observed that immersing fruits in calcium compounds dissolved in hot water and utilizing 6% nano chelated calcium had a significant positive impact on enhancing and preserving the quality of orange fruits during cold storage.

Students, as one of the main axes of the education system, play the most important role in the learning process. It is obvious that students' academic performance depends on the degree of their acquired or learned abilities in school subjects, and this variable itself is also influenced by factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the predictive role of implicit intelligence and multiple intelligences in student`s academic performance with the mediating role of academic engagement. The research method was a descriptive and correlation study. Statistical population was including the entire students in the high school in Ashkzar city in 2020-2021 that 245 individuals were selected through voluntary sampling method. To collect data from questionnaires implicit intelligence, multiple intelligence and academic engagement scales was used. The results showed that both components of implicit intelligence (incremental beliefs and entity beliefs) and the components of logical – mathematical intelligence, interpersonal intelligence and musical intelligence from the multiple intelligence variable, are able to indirectly predict academic performance. In other words, the results showed that incremental beliefs (0.06), entity beliefs (0.03), logical-mathematical intelligence (0.12) and interpersonal intelligence (0.04) predict academic performance positively, by mediating academic engagement and musical intelligence (-0.04) predict academic performance negatively, by mediating academic engagement in high school students. So, based on these results, increasing beliefs of intelligence can increase academic performance and on the other hand, some types of intelligence can play a positive and negative role on academic performance.

This paper used three magnetic adsorbents, including , , and to remove congo red dye. The synthesized nanocomposites were identified using SEM, XRD, EDX, and FT-IR methods. Then the factors affecting the removal efficiency of congo red were optimized for all three adsorbents. Under optimum conditions, the removal efficiencies of congo red from aqueous media by , , and were calculated as 92, 90 and 89 %, respectively. The reusability of the used nanocomposites was investigated, so 1 M HCl as a recovery agent could recover up to 4 times all three nanocomposites. The synthesized sorbents performed the removal of congo red from real samples, including well water and dyeing wastewater. The results showed that the matrix does not significantly affect the efficiency of the nanocomposites so that they could be used in real samples with complex matrices.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether teaching story mapping strategies and comprehension can improve the reading skills of students with reading difficulties. This study used a single subject experimental design with baseline, and the statistical population consisted of third-grade students with reading difficulties in Yazd during the 2020-2021 academic year. Due to the limitations imposed by the corona pandemic, only four male students were selected using convenience sampling, but one participant dropped out, leaving three participants who attended 12 sessions. The WISC-IV and NAMA tests were used to screen and establish baseline measures for the participants. Data were analyzed using percentage of recovery and index of stable change calculations. The research findings showed that six reading skills improved in the first and third participants, and eight skills improved in the second participant. All three participants showed significant growth in rhyming subtests, word comprehension, vowel removal, letter marks, and category marks. The first and second participants improved in reading non-words, while the second and third participants improved in comprehending text. These improvements were attributed to the teaching of story mapping strategies and comprehension. Overall, the results suggest that teaching story mapping strategies and comprehension can improve most reading skills in students with reading difficulties.

Asthma is a common inflammatory disease of the airways which is characterized by variable and recurrent symptomes. The disease causes airways inflamtion and hyperresponsiveness, reversible airways obstruction and airway deformity and  accomponied with symptoms including shortness of breath, cough and wheezing in patients. Environmental and genetic factor  such as gene polymorphisms are involved in the development of asthma. Gene polymorphisms alter the function of genes, hence they involve in disease progression. Studies have shown genetic polymorphism in ADAM33 and TBX21 genes are associated with the risk of asthma.

In present study the polymorphism rs2787094 of ADAM33 and rs11650354 of TBX21 genes was assessed for the first time in Iranian asthma patients and healthy individuals. For this purpose, 30 blood samples from asthma patients and 30 samples from healthy donors was collected. Then DNA was extracted, and subsequently ARMS-PCR technique was used, applying specific designed primers for normal and mutant allels for each polymorphism of candidate genes and then the results were analysed.

The results indicated rs2787094 polymorphism in ADAM33 was significantly associated with the risk of asthma, while there was no significant relation between rs11650354 in TBX21 with asthma risk.

It seems that rs2787094 polymorphism in ADAM33 and different genotype in this locus play siginificant role in asthma risk in Iranian patients.

Circadian rhythms are natural processes that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and are repeated approximately every 24 hours and controlled by an internal circadian clock. Incorrect functioning of the circadian clock system disrupts the normal sleep pattern. The molecular regulation of this system is done by several clock genes, the most important of which is the CLOCK gene that encodes a transcription factor that plays a central role in regulating the molecular circadian clock. In this study, the rs1801260 polymorphism of the CLOCK gene was investigated in Iranian patients with insomnia.

In this study, 60 blood samples were collected from people with profound problems of insomnia, inability to control sleep and irregular sleep as the patient group and 60 samples from people without any history of insomnia or sleep disorder as the control group. Then DNA was extracted and rs1801260 polymorphism was assessed by ARMS-PCR using specific primers for normal and mutated alleles and the results were analyzed.

According to the results, 50% of patients had GG, 36.7% had AG and 13.3% had AA genotype. In the control group, the frequency of GG, AG and AA genotypes was 30%, 26.7% and 43.3%, respectively. Also, this polymorphism is significantly associated with insomnia in patients (p<0.05) and has no significant relationship with gender, age and lifestyle of patients.

These findings show that the rs1801260 polymorphism and the presence of the G allele in this position have a significant relationship with sleep disorder and it seems to play an important role in occurrence of insomnia in the Iranian population. Therefore, checking the CLOCK gene in patient or susceptible people can be helpful for effective prevention and treatment of the disease.

Price fluctuation patterns in financial markets and analysis of price fluctuations have always received attention. Thus, the accuracy of the system used for analysis is very important. For more than two decades, econophysics has been using quantum physics and Schrodinger functions to address price fluctuations, confirming the need for the development of a common framework. This study analyzed the daily data from Stock, Gold, and Foreign Exchange markets in Iran from 2013 to 2022. Following the total Stock index and the price of the full Bahar Azadi coin from the Gold market and the unofficial Dollar rate from the Foreign Exchange market, the relevant Schrödinger equation was obtained using the financial quantum approach and the Hamiltonian operator. Then, the wave function was solved. Finally, the graphs for the distribution and average rate of return in each market were plotted and compared. The results showed that the Stock market has the lowest level of risk compared to other markets and the Gold market has the highest risk. Thus, the probability of fluctuations and crises in the Gold market is higher and in the Stock market is lower than in other markets. This implies a higher level of transparency in the Stock market compared to the other two markets.

In recent decades, due to the significant increase in the elderly in the age pyramid of most of the country, wearable orthoses have received more attention with regard to rehabilitation. Sudden falls are one of the most important factors leading to death in the elderly. In this article, the impact of an orthosis on human balance while standing and walking has been investigated. The effect of this simple orthosis in reducing body metabolism while walking has been studied. In this article, the experimental effect of this orthosis on people's balance has been investigated. For this purpose, the desired orthosis was designed and manufactured. Then a data bank was created by the results of the experiments. To compile this data, the results of the experiments conducted by 10 volunteer students were used. In these tests, ear fluid and vision indicators were analyzed on the performance of people when using this orthosis. The findings of the studies are related to the study between people. According to the results of the tests, the use of the above orthosis improves the performance of people in the dynamic body, while the results of this research on static performance do not show any effect.

The type of interaction of any state with other religions and religions indicates that the government's relation to the people and human rights. Therefore, besides determining the official religion of the country, the rights of religious and religious minorities, as well as the possibility of informal religious rules in the lawsuit called legal density, have also been a place of conflict. One of the discussions at the time of Iran's constitution was to determine the official religion of the country, along with the rights of other religions. Article July 1312 has obliged the courts to enforce the rules and habits of non -Shiite Iranians, but the law in three categories of relations, including "non -Shiite and non -Shiite parties" and "Shiite". And the claimant of Shiite »can be examined for conflict of rights. In this study, which is conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, the resolution of the conflict of these relationships has been examined. The law governing the personal status of the non -Shiite parties shall be subject to non -opposition to the public order, the regulation on the basis of expediency, and the need to refer to civil law in cases of disagreement, as well as the principle in the personal status of the Shiite and non -Shiite parties, citing the requirement, Numerous advisory theories of the judiciary and the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights are respect for the rights of minorities, which must be referred to this principle in doubt. In the case of the law governing the personal status of the Shiite and Shiite claimants on the conflict of law, the appropriate sentence will also be issued.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system which leads to slowness of movement, tremor, postural instability, reduced balance, and autonomic nervous system disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of selected balance training on physiological, motor and balance performance in patients with PD.

This pre-post design interventional study was performed in 30 female patients at PD stages 1-3 based on Hoehn and Yahr scale who were willing to participate in our study. They were selected via purposive sampling in Zahedan Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital and divided into two groups (n= 15). The intervention group in addition to medications had balance training 3 sessions/week ×60 min for 8 weeks while patients in the control group were only followed up. Evaluation was performed at the beginning and end of the study using Berg Balance Scale (BBS), leg muscle strength, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. In order to evaluate the normality of data distribution, homogeneity of variance between the two groups, and differences between means, we applied Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Leven test, and dependent t-test, respectively using SPSS V22.

After the intervention, mean BBS score showed significant increase (48.69±10.28, P<0.05) and we observed significant improvement in the mean score for leg muscle strength (0.456±0.092, P<0.05). In this study, mean TUG was found to significantly decrease after the intervention (18.14±3.63, P<0.05).

It seems that balanced exercises lead to increased balance, leg muscle strength, and reduced TUG in patients with Parkinson's disease.

Before the Industrial Revolution, urban neighborhoods had maintaining their natural, social and physical values, they responded to the relatively constant needs of their inhabitants. With the rapid growth of Iran's metropolises, old textures and ancient settlements and neighborhoods were threatened, and the need for urban restoration and re-creation of old textures was felt more than ever. In order to achieve the goal and to investigate the problems of these neighborhoods, an integrated method including descriptive, documentary, historical, scientific studies was used to determine the research method and policy and the indicators required to achieve the goals through the method. Delphi were confirmed and then the questionnaires were analyzed using the SWARA model. The ancient texture of the cities of Kerman, Shiraz and Isfahan, especially the neighborhoods of Qaleh Mahmoud Kerman, Sang-e Siah Shiraz and Haruniyeh of Isfahan, in addition to reflecting the history of development and cultural developments over time, are significant works of culture. And have included the civilization of the country on a national and global scale. They are for improvement and renovation. The results of analysis in all three neighborhoods showed that development stimulus projects in the historical urban context strengthen the sense of security and also the most important factor of lack of security in the worn texture is the shape and physical structure of the texture and analysis using From the SWARA model, it was shown that in the component indices of the sub-levels of the development stimulus dimension; Equipping and expanding public networks - and in the component indicators of the subset levels of the security dimension; Space scale - and in the component indices of the subset levels of the regeneration dimension; Attracting high-income families, attracting domestic capital and improving the employment status of residents are in the first place.

In this work, two magnetic nanocomposites of zinc ferrite coated with polyaniline (PA/ZnFe2O4) and cobalt ferrite coated with polyaniline (PA/CoFe2O4) were synthesized by sol-gel method and in situ polymerization. These nanocomposites were characterized by various identification techniques including SEM, FT-IR, XRD and EDX. These nanocomposites were used to remove Congo red. The effect of polyaniline presence was also investigated and the results showed that the presence of polyaniline polymer coating on the surface of nanoparticles had a significant effect on the process of adsorption of Congo red. The prepared nanocomposites could omitted the Congo red in eques solution of 50 ppm, at mild reaction condition at 180 min in pH=7 by the using of 15 mg absorbents up to 90 and 97%, respectively. Also, the synthesized nanocomposites were used to remove the Congo red from real samples including well water and dyeing wastewater. The results have been shown that the complex matrix has no any effect on nanocomposites efficacy and both nanocomposites were reusable for 4 times. Therefore, synthesized nanocomposites due to their ease of synthesis, and abundance and cheapness of raw materials are good candidates for removal of congo red in real samples and complex matrix on industrial and semi-industrial scales.

Students’ physical and mental health and identifying the predictors of these variables are among the essential duties of families and educational systems. In the present study, body appreciation as accepting, respecting, and having a favourable opinion of one’s own body, as well as rejecting unrealistic body ideals portrayed by the media, and self-improvement motivation as the motivation to enhance the one’s knowledge, education, personality, and status by making conscious efforts were considered target variables. Research has revealed that attachment quality has short-term and long-term effects on health-related variables during the life span. In addition, self-compassion as a factor under the positive psychology paradigm affects physical and mental aspects of everyone’s health. Hence, the goal of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between attachment dimensions (avoidance and anxiety) with body appreciation and self-improvement motivation.

This study was a descriptive (correlational) one. The sample group included 394 bachelor’s students (240 females and 154 males) of Yazd University in the academic year of 2018-19, who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The participants fulfilled the Revised Adult Attachment Scale, Body Appreciation Scale, Self-Compassion Scale and Self-Improvement Motivation Scale. The validity and reliability of the scales were confirmed. Data analysis was performed using structural equation modelling with SPSS 24 and Amos 24. A bootstrap test with 95 per cent confidence intervals was also used to check the indirect effects and mediating roles. Finally, various fitness indices were applied to check the consistency between the data and the conceptual framework.

The final structural model had acceptable fitness indices. Regarding direct effects, the results revealed that the anxiety dimension of attachment predicted self-compassion and body appreciation negatively and significantly. The avoidance dimension only predicted self-improvement motivation positively. In addition, self-compassion predicted both body appreciation and self-improvement motivation positively. Finally, the results showed the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between attachment anxiety with body appreciation and self-improvement motivation. Therefore, the indirect effect of anxiety on both target variables through self-compassion was significant.

In sum, we can conclude that by teaching concepts and strategies of self-compassion and informing families about insecure attachment styles, the motivation for self-improvement and body appreciation can somewhat increase in college students. The result has been discussed in more detail using theoretical bases in the paper.

Eps tein-Barr virus (EBV) primary infection and/or reactivation are suggested to play a significant role in the incidence of pos t-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD( and some other complications in immunocompromised patients, especially organ recipients. We assessed EBV viral load in EBV/PTLD suspected liver transplant recipients at specified times after transplantation and evaluated the respective clinical findings and post-transplant complications.

Of 696 patients who underwent liver transplantation, the EBV viral load of 127 patients suspected of EBV infection/disease was examined intermittently in this retrospective study. Sampling was performed over a 4-year period from July 2013 to May 2017 using Taq-Man Real-Time Polymerase chain reaction (PCR( assay. Clinical and pathological data were gathered through the review of medical records.

The most common and leading cause of liver transplantation was HBV end-stage with 12% frequency; however, in 39% of patients, the underlying disease was unknown. In total, 78 out of 127 (61%( suspected patients exhibited EBV-DNemia, and 19 of them were associated with PTLD. The median viral load in patients with PTLD was significantly higher than in non-affected patients )4035 copy/mL vs. 500 copy/mL, P<0.05(. Among the PTLD cases, 13 were living, and six expired. Of the non-PTLD cases, 57 were living, and two expired. Totally, PTLD was diagnosed clinically in 34 subjects (4.9%(. The estimated mortality rate in patients with PTLD was 35% during 1.5 years post-transplantation follow-up.

We concluded that monitoring of EBV load might detect EBV infection/disease in liver transplant suspected recipients even several weeks before the onset of any manifestation, especially in pediatric cases in whom PTLD incidence and its mortality are high.

Prior to the Industrial Revolution and the growth of cities, urban neighborhoods grew slowly and steadily, while maintaining their natural, social, and physical values, and responding to the relatively constant needs of their inhabitants. With the rapid growth of Iran's metropolises, old textures and ancient settlements and neighborhoods were threatened, and the need for urban restoration and re-creation of old textures was felt more than ever. Urban development has tried to revive and restore urban life to inefficient areas due to the two approaches of internal development and urban restoration of worn-out structures. In order to facilitate this process and pay attention to the connection of old contexts with urban development, planning and implementation of development stimulus projects was considered as one of the strategies used to provide the necessary conditions for the presence of residents and owners. The ancient texture of the cities of Kerman, Shiraz and Isfahan, especially the neighborhoods of Qala-e-Mahmoud, Sang-e-Siah and Haruniyeh neighborhoods, in addition to reflecting the history of development and cultural developments over time, are significant works of culture and civilization of the country. Nationally and globally, this research is applied in terms of purpose and its methodological approach is qualitative, quantitative, combined. Research sources are documentary sources, libraries and field observations and a popular questionnaire (analysis in the form of SPSS software). Research results in three neighborhoods of Sangsiah, Qalam Mahmoud and Haruniyeh; Showed that 1) development stimulus projects in the historical urban context strengthen the sense of security, 2) the most important factor in the lack of sense of security in the worn texture is the undesirable physical shape and structure of the texture, and 3) can be approached The stimulus of development, as a complete and integrated vision, achieved the revitalization and re-creation of the neighborhood as well as the preservation of its historical and physical values in order to turn the neighborhood into a living place in harmony with modern life and in accordance with historical character and identity.

The aim of this descriptive study was to investigate the mediatibng role of coping strategies in the relationships between effortful control and academic buoyancy and social self-efficacy. In line with this objective, 388 sixth graders, i.e. 206 boys and 182 girls from Yazd, Iran, and their mothers took part in this study. Participants were selected by cluster sampling. Considering data collection, the students completed the Academic Buoyancy, the Self-Efficacy, and the Stress Response Questionnaires and their mothers filled out the Child Behavior Questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was then run for analyzing the obtained data. Based on the results, effortful control could positively predict social self-efficacy both directly and indirectly through the mediating role of engagement coping. In addition, effortful control could positively predict academic buoyancy through the mediating role of engagement coping. Disengagement coping, however, did not have a mediating role and was a negative predictor of both academic buoyancy and social self-efficacy. The overall results of this study showed that an increase in students' effortful control and ability to deal with stressful issues would be accompanied with an increase in their academic buoyancy and social self-efficacy.

One of the self-regulated learning strategies that are essential due to their executive role is the academic help-seeking strategy. Help-seeking is an active effort to use the opportunities available to achieve success. Students not only reduce academic problems when they need help and demand help but also acquire the knowledge and skills that help them solve problems. Help-seeking behavior has been studied in the research literature under the two headings of avoidance of help-seeking and acceptance of help-seeking. Avoidance of help-seeking refers to a behavior in which the student who needs help refuses to receive help. Conversely, acceptance of help-seeking refers to a behavior in which the student requests hints (clues) and explanations about the problem's solution, which will help the student solve the problems better. Based on classroom observations, help-seeking behavior is divided into three types: a) partial hints or clues, b) confirmation of previous performance, and c) receiving the answer to the problem from another person. Newman (2000) basically distinguishes between executive help-seeking and instrumental help-seeking (6). Individuals in executive help-seeking prefer that others solve the problem for them. In instrumental help-seeking, the requested assistance is in the field of clarifying problem-solving methods, which leads to mastery of the task and supports the individual's mastery in the future. Goal orientation is one of the motivational theories in which students' academic help-seeking is understood and conceptualized. Goal orientation means a coherent model of beliefs, attributions, and emotions that directs a person's behavior and shows different approaches, engaging and responding to tasks in progress situations. Midgley et al. (2000) considered three types of goal orientation, including mastery goal orientation, performance-approach goal orientation, and performance-avoid goal orientation (29). Mastery goal orientation is associated with academic self-efficacy, striving for success, problem assignment selection, perseverance in the face of difficulties, intrinsic interest in learning, application of deep processing strategies, and higher academic achievement. Such people believe that success can be achieved through effort. Performance-approach goal orientation reflects a focus on demonstrating competence and ability and how an individual's ability will be evaluated compared to others. This type of goal orientation is associated with trying to outdo normative performance, striving for the best, using social comparison criteria, and avoiding undesirable judgments about ability or low self-esteem. In performance-avoid goal, orientation is the fear of failure and seeming inadequacy that motivates people to strive. In other words, while the person does not want to be the best, he does not want to fail. In addition to the role of individual goal orientation on learning, the perception of parent goal orientation is also noteworthy. Research shows that when students think their parents emphasize new skills, deep learning, and personal growth, they are more likely to achieve these goals, and when faced with negative experiences, they use adaptive coping strategies. Conversely, when students feel that their parents emphasize scoring and displaying abilities, as well as avoid looking incapable, they are more likely to have a performance-approach goal orientation and use maladaptive coping strategies against negative academic experiences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting students' help-seeking at two levels of student and parent goal orientation.

This study was a correlational study. The statistical population of female students in the first round of high school (seventh and eighth grade) in the academic year of 2019-2020 was studying in Yazd. For this purpose, 400 students in 16 different school classes were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Students completed the Ryan and Pintrich (1997) Help-Seeking Questionnaire and the Student and Parental Achievement Goal Orientation Questionnaire Midgley et al. (2000). Data analysis was performed in HLM software using the multilevel analysis method.

Findings from multilevel analysis and according to the unconditional model revealed that 27% of the variance of help-seeking is explained by family-level factors and 73% by student-level factors, which indicates sufficient variability of the dependent variable between different levels and applications. The multilevel analysis method is necessary and valuable for the data, but with the entry of student and family-level predictors and examining their relationship with the dependent variable, the rate of explanation in the complete model for student-level variables to six and family-level to 18 changed. However, the significance of the width tests from the origin and variance between class and within the classroom showed that help-seeking both before the entry of variables and after the entry of two-level variables has sufficient variability. At the student level, the variables of mastery and performance-avoidance goal orientation significantly predicted help-seeking (P<0.001). Nevertheless, the relationship between the performance goal orientation variable and help-seeking was insignificant. Parents’ mastery and performance goal orientation at the family level was a significant predictor for help-seeking at this level (P<0.001).

The student goal orientation and student perception of the parents’ goal orientation affect the students' acceptance and avoidance of help-seeking. In mastery goal orientation, the emphasis is on developing new skills and improving the level of ability. Students who choose such a goal for themselves in the face of complex learning tasks while increasing their efforts are more likely to benefit from help-seeking. When students think their parents emphasize new skills, deep learning, and personal growth, they are more likely to achieve these goals.  Due to the positive significance of parents’ mastery goal orientation, it is appropriate to provide conditions in families for students to emphasize mastery goal orientation and help-seeking in the face of complex learning tasks.

Ethical Considerations

Compliance with ethical guidelines
In order to comply with ethical principles, participants were informed before conducting the research that participation in the research is voluntary and that there is no coercion for it. Participants were reassured that their private and personal information would be protected and that the results would be interpreted if they wished. In case of any disturbance, the necessary instructions were provided to the participants to follow up. Participation in the research will not incur any financial burden for the participants. This study did not contradict the religious and cultural norms of the subject and society. This research is taken from a research project with the number 01/3522. In addition, the research method has been approved by the Ethics Committee (Ethics ID: 1399.029IR.UT.PSYEDU.REC).

Authors' contributions

The first author did study design, data analysis, and manuscript preparation, and the second and third authors did data collection and preparation.

Funding

This article is written at personal expense.

We sincerely thank all those who helped us in conducting this research.

Conflict of interest

The authors declared no conflict of interest.

 Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) is the seventh most common and lethal malignancy worldwide with a high incidence in Iran. Esophageal cancer has a poor prognosis and low 5-years survival rate. Despite several studies on esophageal cancer, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, it is significant to analyze the molecular factors involved in disease for introducing effective diagnosis and therapeutic approaches. Accordingly, the aberrant expression of miRNA was demonstrated in the etiology of esophageal cancer, and applying them as detecting biomarkers was further considered by researchers. This study aimed to evaluate the expression level of miRNA-138 in the tumor tissues of ESCC and normal adjacent tissues. 

 In total, 35 samples of tumor and normal tissues of the esophagus were collected from ESCC patients. 

 Then, RNA extraction was conducted and the expression level of miRNA-138 was assessed in the collected tissue samples, applying real-time RT-PCR. Moreover, the relationship between the miRNA-138 expression level and the patient’s clinical characteristics was assessed. 

 According to the obtained results, the expression of miR-138 was significantly downregulated in the tumor tissues of ESCC, compared to normal adjacent tissues (P<0.05). Additionally, the level of miRNA-138 downregulation was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation degree and metastasis status (P<0.05).

 The significant downregulation of miRNA-138 in the tumor samples of ESCC indicated the role of this epigenetic alteration in esophageal carcinogenesis. Therefore, applying the miRNA-138 could be considered as a potential molecular biomarker for ESCC diagnosis and screening.

Positive design is one of the latest sub-disciplines of industrial design that was introduced to the design world by Donald Norman. In general, positive design can be considered beyond critical design and functionalist design. Whereas critical design attempts to show social abnormalities and functional design emphasizes preserving social normality, positive design is aimed at the promotion of life and human characteristics from a normal state to an ideal state. According to the studies by Desmet (2012), people can experience different positive emotions facing the products, although some emotions are experienced more frequently (such as joy, satisfaction, and amusement) and some other emotions are less frequently experienced (worship, lust, and dreaminess). His studies indicated that all 25 positive emotions can be experienced. The different sources of emotions provide a wide range of opportunities for the designers. When the purpose of designing a product is provoking a positive emotion, the designer can look at the object and search for an opportunity for creating human-product interaction or human-human activity which is made possible through an object. The positive design has recently found its role in the community and is considered as a factor linking aesthetics and ethics, or in other words, sensational and ethical design. However, its theoretical foundations and functions have not been fully studied yet. Regarding the dilemmas of contemporary societies and their effects on the family environment, it seems the opportunity of interaction and conversation between the family members has been minimized regarding the dilemmas of the contemporary societies and their impacts on the families’ environment. Emotions help us in decision making, and positive emotions. in particular, provoke more creativity and learning in individuals. People who are in a positive emotional state can better handle the problems and find better solutions, as stated by psychologists The aim of the research is to improve family relationships by stimulating positive feelings in users. Hence, according to the purpose of Positive Design and regarding the reduced interactions among family members, meal times could be considered crucial for creating positive emotions in this smallest community while they get together at the table. The main question that needs to be answered is how to evoke positive emotions in the user through design. In this cross-sectional study, observation and data gathering were achieved through field and library research. In the next step, due to the novelty of the issue, a positive design approach and the relevant available examples were extensively dealt with. Furthermore, the study of the product situation, an initial survey of homes, national and global markets were performed using conceptual diagrams. Final investigations and field research were done by collecting the data related to the young couples and their relationship with the products through ethnography, questionnaire, observation, and interview. As a final point, conclusion and selection of the top designs based on the user’s needs, positive design approach, proposing suggestions and research added values were on the agenda.
The initial information about the state of tableware at homes of 20 young couples, residing in Shiraz and Tehran, was gathered through ethnography, observation and interviews. The questions were related to the kinds of dishes existing at homes and the user’s opinions about them. A notable point was realized in the process of studying the users. Many changes have occurred within the concept of family life during recent years, i.e., reduction of size/members, postponed marriages, and increased level of divorce. According to a new model of FLC by Gilly and Enis, the term “young couple” has got a new meaning: a couple within the age of 18-34, who have married recently and don’t have children.
The subject population at the final phase of the research includes young couples from all over Iran. Sampling was done by a purposeful method so that a couple was selected from every city, and other young couples they introduced as their acquaintances, were added as new samples. The sample size contained about 50 couples, among which 13 people were men and 37 were women. According to the definition of a young couple by Samadi (2007), these people were in the range of 18 - 34 years old. A questionnaire including two sections was charted for the research. The overall information about the participants and their relation with the tableware was studied in the first part, and the level of excitement -stimulated by the product- through 25 positive emotions, in the second part. At this stage, the level of provocation of every 25 emotions (stimulated by the tableware) was measured using seven-points Likert scale. Each of the positive emotions provoked by dishes holds different levels of severity. It has been observed that some emotions are experienced more frequently, viz. admiration, satisfaction, relaxation, amusement, euphoria, and joy. Some other emotions are less intense and are experienced less frequently: anticipation, lust and Worship.
It was observed that the emotions of admiration, satisfaction, relaxation, amusement, euphoria, and joy are experienced more frequently than the other emotions. In order to investigate the significant difference between the 10 categories of tableware and the six emotions, the Kruskal-Wallis analysis was employed at this point. The results of the test indicated that there is a significant difference between the tableware and the six selected emotions.There are six emotional resources regarding the human-product interactions that can be defined as the following: Focusing on the object (dish), its high quality should be paid attention to. As a result, porcelain material was selected due to its quality, strength, beauty, elegance, and healthiness in addition to the users’ demands. Focusing on the concept, the pieces of tableware should allow for different layouts on the table, according to the kind of food and family culture. Focusing on interaction, producing different separate pieces facilitates access to different foods. Focusing on activity, different forms of the dishes make them suitable for different purposes, or for being used as a complement for other dinner services. Focusing on ourselves, different harmonized forms, and applying beautiful decorations and garnish can make us feel proud of our table. Focusing on others, tableware layout and decoration should have a positive effect on others. By means of a vase or candle, the described positive effects could increase, and communication would get easier for the individuals. According to the diagrams and the results of the previous sections, it seems the features that provoke each of the six emotions can be defined as the following: Admiration: being good-looking, using specific techniques, harmony between the pieces, having an integral identity Satisfaction: ordered, geometric, and logical layout, convenient access, avoiding complexity
Relaxation: plain and mild forms, using curved forms, avoiding complexity
Amusement: it seems that new and novel forms of tableware and various layouts lead to the provocation of amusement emotion. Old and repeated forms reduce this emotion
Euphoria: using uniform patterns, various layouts, creating different spaces in a dish, avoiding old and repeated forms
Joy: simplicity, integrity, without drawing, creating different spaces in a dish
The results give us considerable evidence that, enriching social/family communications is probable through design. A study on varieties of tableware revealed that form, material, colour, and layout of the dishes affect the interactions between family members during the meals, provoke positive emotions and also may improve their relationship.