مریم پرهیزکاری

One of the most important issues facing today's society is the relationship between tradition and modernity. The relationship between tradition and modernity is one of the important issues of today's society, which is also reflected in fiction.. In the course of modernization, many societies have undergone transformation and transformation of social, cultural structures and even roles. One of the issues of modernity, according to Giddens' view, is change and transformation, and it is based on the critique of the past and the present as much as it critiques itself. Il Bakhtiari society, as a part of the structure of Iranian society, has a completely traditional structure that has undergone growth and transformation in recent years, so that these changes in different family, clan and clan structures, relationships between social roles, customs and traditions And in general, it has shown itself in all cultural elements. In this research, the author is trying to analyze and critique the sociological works of Mohammad Bahman Bigie based on the perspective of Anthony Giddens in a descriptive-analytical way. Anthony Giddens believes that traditions continue to exist in any society, even modern society. The results of the research indicate that the traditions have a significant presence in Bahman Begi's works and have not disappeared and even have guardians who watch over and protect them. According to Giddens, these customs and traditions are held collectively and in a group, in such a way that they have an inseparable connection with the identity of the people of the tribe and are repeated in various ways.

In this research, the authors have tried to analyze the three main currents of Iranian political intellectuals in the four periods of Ahmad Shamlou's intellectual life in a descriptive-analytical way and with a library method. Examining Shamlu's poems, it is determined that Shamlu is a poet born from the heart of the society and belongs to the masses, and his poetry is the manifestation of the realities of the society and the ideals of the masses, and in his political poems, he wants to remain in the memory of the society as an intellectual. Stay as a poet. An intellectual who has used poetry as a tool for his struggle. He expects the reader to look at his poetry as a tool. A tool that is supposed to serve as an awareness for their creation and liberatio.

The literature of the Qajar era underwent fundamental changes in the structure of Iran's political, social and cultural spheres due to the constitutionalism movement. This modernity left a tremendous impact on the poetry and prose of this period. One of the most important features of the poetry of the constitutional era is the difference and type of vision of the poets towards the existing realities, which led to the creation of new themes. One of the most important themes in Persian poetry of the constitutional era is "freedom, homeland and justice". In this research, the author aims to investigate the literary arrays in the political poems of Adib al-Mamalek Farahani, using descriptive-analytical method and library tools. Adib al-Mamalek is one of the poets of the constitutional era and the awakening period, and most of his poems are about political and social themes. The results of the research show that Adib has used the literary arts in his poems to address the themes of homeland, freedom and justice, and because he was a religious person, in addition to paying attention to the hints related to Iran before Islam, he also paid attention to Iran during the Islamic period. Paying attention and regarding the issue of love for the country, his patriotism was not accompanied by hatred of Arabs. Recommendations for rule of law, criticism of ignorance and neglect, criticism of the inappropriate performance of the parliament, criticism of the judiciary and attention to justice are considered other poetic themes of Adib.

Lyrical literature is the oldest type of literature in which the poet displays his existential truth and expresses his personal feelings towards life and society, in such a way that social realities and society can be objectively reflected in a detailed and limited way. He saw literary works. The purpose of studying societies in poetry is to analyze the social concerns and issues of that period. Hossein Manzavi is one of the greatest ghazal writers of the present era, who is famous for his romantic ghazal; the subject of his sonnets is mostly about love, yet he has addressed social and political issues in his sonnets. The lover in the isolated sonnet has taken on a different face and this indicates the poet's different attitude towards the subject of love. Manzavi has a personal and special style in his descriptions, which distinguishes his poetry from other contemporary poets. In his lyrical compositions, different and dual themes can be seen around lyrical, social and religious topics and issues. In this research, the author is trying to analyze the social and related issues in isolated sonnets with descriptive-analytical method and library tools and to answer the question, what are the most important social issues used in isolated sonnets? The result of the research indicates that the poet was able to create a new language to express love in such a way that this distinction and duality of approach can be seen in his romantic sonnets.

Teachers are known as one of the most important variables in need of change in order to improve educational systems. The goal of this research; The effect of in-service training on the dimensions of empowerment and development of primary teachers according to paragraph 3 of the general policies "transformation in the basic education system". The research was conducted in terms of purpose, application, and semi-experimental intervention method (pre-test-post-test design with control group). Statistical Society; All the teachers of primary schools in Qazvin city (200 people) in 2021-2022, 30 people were selected by available sampling method. They were randomly placed in the experimental and control groups. research tools; The professional development questionnaire was Nova (2008) and Spritz empowerment (1995). Descriptive statistics (frequency distribution tables, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Kolomgorov Smirnov test, Levin test, t test and multivariate analysis of variance) were used for data analysis.The results showed that in-service training with a coefficient of 0.84 and 0.81 on the empowerment and professional development of teachers, as well as on the sense of autonomy (0.32), sense of significance (0.38), sense of competence (53 0.0), feeling effective (effect ratio 0.42), feeling confident (0.43), meaningfulness (0.38), planning skills (0.64), teacher evaluation (45 0.0), classroom management (0.48), teaching method (0.44) of primary school teachers in Qazvin city has an effect. According to the results, it is necessary for the authorities to pay special attention to the two factors of professional development and teacher empowerment and give a special place to in-service training.

The story of Joseph the prophet has been particularly paid attention to in Nizari Quhistani’s book of poem. The research question of this study is going to explore how the component parts and characters of this story are dealt with allegorically and used to express the mystical, religious, moral, and philosophical thoughts of poet. Another posed question of this study deals with the allegories used by Nizari to express the story of Joseph and the trajectory according which the story is explained. A book titled Kashf o lasrar by Abolfazl Meibodi and an article titled Esharat Erfani dar Dastane Hazrat Yousef are used as literature review. The significance of this study is emanated from Nizari’s special attention to the great story of Joseph from mystical and allegorical viewpoint. The current study attempts to discover the allegorical position of this story in Nizari’s book of poem and also to elaborate on the component parts of the story of Joseph in a framework of mystical literature. The descriptive and analytical methodology, by using library sources, are used to develop our research project. After note taking about any single part and character, they are categorized and analyzed. Finally, regarding to the features of allegorical approach, the researcher investigate the component parts and characters in the framework of mystical literature. The findings of this study shows that Hakim Nizari had a mystical view on the story of Joseph and all characters and elements of the story are used symbolically and allegorically.

Lyrical literature is the delicate expression of the poet's personal feelings and emotions and pays attention to sufferings, reluctance, love, friendship and everything that affects the human soul. What distinguishes this type of literature from others is the dominance of the element of feeling and emotion over other elements of poetry. The more subtle the poet's feelings and the deeper his emotions, the more penetrating and pleasing his speech will be. Lyrical literature has a more prominent poetic character than other types and is considered to be the most imaginative, purest and oldest type of literature. In this research, descriptive-analytical method and library tools have been studied on the components of lyrical literature in the emotional poems of Fayez Dashti, Mohammad Khan Dashti and the Maftoon Bordkhuni. The purpose of this research is to study and compare these components in the poems of these three poets and what are the similarities and differences between the mentioned poets in the application of such concepts? And the depth of sorrow in the words of which of these poets has the most crystallization? The result of this comparison and adaptation is that all three poets have dealt with this issue equally and there are differences in the way of expressing and using poetic images and images. The difference between the three poets' view of processing the case is in the use of images that carry the text with them. Fayez and Maftoon have mostly used the metaphorical array to convey the idea and concept of grief, and Mohammad Khan has used other literary arrays such as recognition to convey such emotion.

Persian classical poetry, especially lyric , in continuation of its evolution, after the constitutional revolution and after the intellectual domination of the Nimaei current, has witnessed various areas and currents, one of which is mainly under the banner of today's lyric  or new lyric  or neoclassical poetry. Be. In the 1970s, a fledgling movement based on the idea of ​​Western postmodernism created an atmosphere known as form poetry or avant-garde. Which in its nature had a kind of conflict with the known criteria of the literary tradition. Seyyed Mehdi Mousavi, the leading poet of this movement, became the flagship of this style with the publication of the book "fereshtaha kodkosh kardand". This article seeks to analyze the discourse of this idea and the linguistic and content characteristics and approaches of Mousavi's poems.The method of the present research is qualitative and descriptive. In this research, the mentioned poems have been examined and the findings of the research show: The idea of ​​postmodernism, which showed itself in literature, was initially faced by the poems of the poets Nosora and SepidgooBut with effort Mousavi and the choice of rhythmic and maqfi poetry has been able to open its way.The next finding shows that linguistic, syntactic, moral and attention to language deconstructions are evident in Mousavi's poetry.

Near the most of real-world decision-making issues, especially in the water resource management area, are multi-objective issues that are taken based on different and conflicting goals. Due to the wide range of application of these issues, different models have been proposed to solve them, NSGA-II and MOPSO are the most important of these multi-objective optimization models. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of NSGA-II and MOPSO algorithms in solving multi-objective optimal operation of a hydropower reservoir. Due to the fact that the hydropower reservoirs are involved in providing the peak load of the network electricity, a neural network to predict daily energy prices in peak hours was developed initially, then the results were used to optimize the multi-objective operation of Karun 5 Dam reservoir, includes two goals of maximizing annual income and maximizing minimum daily energy production. Although the run time of the NSGA-II method is about twice as high as the MOPSO, the precision of its results is 20% better for both purposes than MOPSO.

Lyrical literature is the delicate expression of the poet's personal feelings and emotions and pays attention to sufferings, reluctance, love, friendship and everything that affects the human soul. What distinguishes this type of literature from others is the dominance of the element of feeling and emotion over other elements of poetry. The more subtle the poet's feelings and the deeper his emotions, the more penetrating and pleasing his speech will be. Lyrical literature has a more prominent poetic character than other types and is considered to be the most imaginative, purest and oldest type of literature. In this research, descriptive-analytical method and library tools have been studied on the components of lyrical literature in the emotional poems of Fayez Dashti, Mohammad Khan Dashti and the Maftoon Bordkhuni. The purpose of this research is to study and compare these components in the poems of these three poets and what are the similarities and differences between the mentioned poets in the application of such concepts? And the depth of sorrow in the words of which of these poets has the most crystallization? The result of this comparison and adaptation is that all three poets have dealt with this issue equally and there are differences in the way of expressing and using poetic images and images. The difference between the three poets' view of processing the case is in the use of images that carry the text with them. Fayez and Maftoon have mostly used the metaphorical array to convey the idea and concept of grief, and Mohammad Khan has used other literary arrays such as recognition to convey such emotion.

The present article is going to make a survey on methonemy in Bahar’s Poems based on Littlemore’s (6413) point of view. From this cognitive model, 12 functions are mentioned for metonymy: 1. Referential; 2. Highlighting and construal; 3. Illocutionary functions of metonymy; 4. Relationship; 5. Anaphoric reference, cohesion and coherence; 6. Exophoric reference building and the establishment of discourse communities; 7. euphemism; 8. Hyperbole; 9. irony; 10. Vagueness; 11. Evaluation, ideology, and positioning; & 12.Creativity

This study has been done based on critical_discreptive method. In this study, all methonymy’s functions are surveyed in Bahar’s Poems and then calculated, in order to identify which conceptual methonomy with how much frequency has been used.

The result showed that the poet has been used all 12 metonymies in his poems with different percentage.

We found three most used roles “referential functions, highlighting and construal, illocutionary functions” and the least used one with the least frequency “relationship-building and the establishment of discourse communities”. The other finding showed that these methonymies are used for transferring poet’s messages like patriotic value and religious ideas, for different group of addressees.

Mysticism and mystical literature is one of the most significant branches of educational literature and has a broad expanse in Persian literature. There is no doubt that a large portion of the works and contexts in Persian literature is dedicated to the works with mystical concepts and contents. The events, happenings, and policies of the rulers of a society are impressive in every pillars of that society. Just like any other phenomenon, literature is affected from the political, cultural, and social atmosphere and the events and happenings in society. This condition can lead to the formation and evolution and or recession and degradation of a literary genre. A portion of these reasons and factors depends on the political, cultural, social, and economic conditions of that society. The genesis and evolution of mystical literature coincides with the realm of Ghaznavids, Seljuk, and Mongols in Iran. This paper that is written through descriptive analytic method using library resources deals with the role of political, social, cultural, and economic factors on the formation and evolution of mystical literature in various eras. The above factors include shortage of imperial reign interested in Iranian Islamic culture, cruelty and oppression of the ruling party and ethical deviation, strictness and religious prejudices and superficiality, rationalities deviation, fatalism and desperate people, role of monastery, role of ascetic poetry, role of poetry and Arabic mystical verse, and economic issues.

Near the most of real-world decision-making issues, especially in the water resource management area, are multi-objective issues that are taken based on different and conflicting goals. Due to the wide range of application of these issues, different models have been proposed to solve them, NSGA-II and MOPSO are the most important of these multi-objective optimization models. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of NSGA-II and MOPSO algorithms in solving multi-objective optimal operation of a hydropower reservoir. Due to the fact that the hydropower reservoirs are involved in providing the peak load of the network electricity, a neural network to predict daily energy prices in peak hours was developed initially, then the results were used to optimize the multi-objective operation of Karun 5 Dam reservoir, includes two goals of maximizing annual income and maximizing minimum daily energy production. Although the run time of the NSGA-II method is about twice as high as the MOPSO, the precision of its results is 20% better for both purposes than MOPSO.

In recent years, the structure of the electricity industry has undergone a change and since November 2003, when the electricity market of the country was launched, its monopoly structure has become a competitive structure. In this market, the forecast of electricity prices is not only necessary in pricing but also plays an important role in finding the optimal operation strategy by the power plant's users. In this paper, an artificial neural network approach is used to predict daily energy prices in peak hours and its results have been used to optimize the multi-purpose operation of the reservoir of Karun 5 dam. The intended goals include two goals of maximizing annual income and maximizing the minimum daily energy production. The multi-objective optimization method NSGA II was selected to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. In order to apply the proposed model, Karun 5 dam and hydroelectric power station was selected as case study. Since the output of the multi-objective optimization model is a wide range of non-dominated responses, In order to select the optimal solution among obtained solutions, Nash bargaining, non-symmetric Nash, Kalai-Smoronvski and Area Monotonic was implemented.

Great Khorasan and Persian literature have an irrefrangible linkage. Wherever we talk about literature, poets, authors and great literary works, it is undoubtedly associated with one of the cities of Khorasan. This wide area is considered as a proper place for the growth, development and evolution of different literary works and literary genres due to its natural properties and special situation. Epic is one of the literary genres embedded in Khorasan, and Tous is considered as the cradle of this ancient literary type. Shiraz is also a city whose name is associated with sonnet and Persian sonnet due to great poets such as Sa’di and Hafiz reached its summit in this city. Khorasan and Shiraz are considered as the best places for formation and elevation of sonnet and epic in Iran. Based on Holy Qoran and Nahjol Belagheh and viewpoints of thinkers such as Ace Sina, Ibn – e Khaldoun, Montesquieu, the present study aims to explore the impact of natural environment of Khorasan and Shiraz on the evolution of sonnet and epic.

Thousand and One Nights is a multinational literary cultures of different nations of the Orient in its place.In this work clearly, culture, gender and patriarchy can be seen, the present study was to investigate the story of the Thousand and One Nights, ideas and thoughts gender East will showcase the culture of the pastThe role of each of the two sexes (male and female) will be explained in this culture.The research, to investigate and represent the cultural area of the eastern countries of the Old Testament, especially the Sassanid era and the role and status of women and men in conflict with each other (as opposed to gender) is developed where Scheherazade as a perfect example of Sex couple's Sex symbol male and patriarchal system will be introduced.The results showThe woman in the story of the Thousand and One Nights has different roles,All she is tryingThe different roles assigned to women, his story is that one side is acceptable in male-dominated society SassanieraOn the other hand, for she is very important that the patient's mind and get ready to soften positive roles for women.

Considering the latest analysis made on the story of Syavosh and Soodabeh by the critics, it has been quite unfortunate to know that it is Soodabeh who has been accused, as if all the anonymous story tellers have given hand in hand toaccuse her of all the mishaps without considering the fact that what has happened to this woman has its roots in her deep affection – though from her sensual desire- and consequently her failure with love. In addition, analysts have paid little attention to the environment in which the personality of Soodabeh has been raised and brought up, maybe because the story tellers have ignoredthe role of environment in developing Soodabeh’s character. In this article an attempt has been made to focus on the role men, environment, and fate has had on the iniquities of Soodabeh that might have reduced the burden of her sin. For the purpose of that , in this article which is based on library data collection and based on descriptive-analytic method, a summary of the story will be touched on and then an analysis of Soodabeh's character will be dealt with.

The goal of this article was to study the story of Soodabeh from Shahnnameh, and the Su-Daji from the book of Feng Shen Yan Yi comparatively. It was found that the general structure of both stories had a lot in common; furthermore, there were a lot of similarities between the characters of these two works (Soodabeh and Su-Daji, Siavash and Yin Yaiao, Kavoos and Zhou Yang), their living environment and upbringing, physical appearance , personality traits, and their final fates. For clarification of common points and sometimes identical points in both stories beyond the effects of cultural passion between Iranians and Chinese, we should  relay on aggregative subconscious of the human,  because the main texture of these two stories are based on the old pattern of forbidden love with the stepsons and whole events are shaped on this pivot.

The most important Persian mystical book in the 9th century Hijri is Nafahat al-Ons Men Hazarat al-Qods written by Abdol al-Rahman Jami. Since the specialists at the time were not aware of the existence of the unpublished Persian manuscript, Tohfat al-Morshedin Men Hekayat al-Salehin or due to the inconsistencies that existed in the content of this copy with that of Nafahat al-Ons, they have not acknowledged the significant part this manuscript played in Nafahat al-Ons and instead they have given its share to Rozat al-Riyahin Fi Hekayat al-Salehin.
Tohfat al-Morshedin written by Jalal al-Din Mohammad Ebadi Kazerooni is in fact the translation of the well-known Arabic mystical book Rozat al-Riyahin Fi Hekayat al-Salehin written by the distinguished Sufi in the 8th century Hijri, namely Abdollah al-Yafee al-Yamani and the two Persian manuscript copies of this work, one found in Lahoor in 818 Hijri and the other found in the city of Ayasufieh in 838 Hijri are at present at the disposal of the writers of this article.
This article attempts to provide evidence by comparative approach. Evidence such as Jami’s reference to Tohfat al-Morshedin in the manuscripts of Nafahat al-Ons, identical selection of some anecdotes both in Nafahat al-Ons and Tohfat al-Morshedin, Jami and Ebadi, both have taken common pieces from the text of Rozat al-Riahin, Jami’s interest to use Persian sources and how he could find access to Tohfat al-Morshedin, is cited to acknowledge the significance of this work.