مزین دهباشی شریف

Aesthetics itself is the cause of shaping the identity of the future and has a key role as the minister of construction for any cultural evolution. So, aesthetics has been and is an important subject in different sciences, in different arts and especially in architecture, this recognition and definitions of beauty, we can see how its relationship with architecture has affected buildings throughout history.
Understanding beauty is a divine gift and a mental base that leads to objectivity, and art without it is a body without soul and devoid of attraction. It is difficult to fully understand the concept of aesthetics, but it is possible to understand the factors that are effective in the perception of the pleasantness of the environment. . (Grooter, 1375) Since beauty has objective and subjective aspects, beauty in architecture can be examined in two parts, form and meaning. The aesthetics of the form in which structures and patterns are important can be investigated based on the composition patterns that are rooted in Gestalt aesthetics. Semantic aesthetics is another approach in architectural aesthetics that is rooted in psychological and behavioral sciences and examines the role of association and acceptance of patterns by people. Patterns that are received through experiences, socio-cultural and religious backgrounds The link between architectural form and structure has always existed in Iran's traditional architecture based on many evidences. In this regard, we can refer to buildings such as the tomb of Qaboos bin Ziyar, nicknamed Qaboos Dome in Gorgan, Isfahan Grand Mosque, and Soltanieh Dome. Special technologies are under construction. The evolution of the structure in Iranian architecture has been evolutionary. This continuous historical process, which was accompanied by a huge support from the experiences of the past, is one of the reasons for the increasing progress of Iranian architects of that time in the field of construction techniques. From a long time ago, Iranians were very interested in the beauty and arrangement of buildings, and to achieve this goal, they used all kinds of initiatives and innovations. Harmony, stability and stability in a beautiful eye is one of the wonders of traditional Iranian architecture, which has been achieved to the end of elegance and balance along with meaningful content in the body of the architectural work.
Cultural buildings as symbolic and beautiful urban collections create the identity of a city or region that has always been affected by various constructions. Constructions transform the form and body of the building more than anything, which due to the lack of knowledge and influence of the components and the extent of their effects on each other has caused divergence in their form and body. This can be clearly seen in newly built cultural buildings. Technology and the advancement of technologies in the field of construction has caused the appearance of various construction materials and also how they are used in various situations. The present article aims to explain the contribution of each component in creating the beauty of cultural buildings of the present and future period by reading the tectonic components in architecture. The research method is of mixed type, nesting and of qualitative type in quantity. which is compiled using the qualitative part of the quantitative tool. A systematic review of the literature is used to formulate the questions of the qualitative stage and conduct semi-structured interviews with experts to extract concepts in the theoretical field. Then the interview begins with 36 experts who are included in the snowball system and the criteria for entering the research. The results from the 28th person to the theoretical saturation dimension have been data reduction in the qualitative field with open coding with the face description and interpretation approach, in the ATLASTI software. The scope of study is the contemporary cultural buildings of the last two decades of Tehran. In the quantitative part, for the effect of each tectonic component, a Likert scale questionnaire is developed for each component. At this stage, ORIGINPRO software is used for data analysis. The results indicate that based on the results obtained from the regression model, the highest coefficient of determination with a value of (1.000) is related to the construction fan component and the lowest is related to The decoration component is 0.265.

Every culture provides human patterns in various time periods which determine activities, achievements and social responsibilities of people. These cultural patterns and values influence individuals’ lifestyles and guide their actions. Consequently, the formed values of traditional societies undergo transformation as global social changes and revolutions redefine societal norms. In this process, the values with which people lived their lives for years and then formed their physical environment are replaced with some new values and patterns. Therefore, it can be said that space matters in understanding the changes and social developments that have taken place in the society in the space-time dimension. In order to see the changes that have taken place in the society, one must pay attention to its physical appearance in order to understand the root of the transformation in the structures of the society. Architecture and the city can be considered as elements that are affected by the societal conditions, effectively illustrating and manifesting societal changes. One of the most important causes of spatial changes are the social changes. According to social psychologists and sociologists, social changes influence societies in both materialistic and non-materialistic aspects. This study aims to explore non-materialistic aspects, particularly changes of value, and their materialistic effects on spaces, focusing specifically on in-between spaces.

The methodology used in this study is qualitative in nature, with an exploratory-historical and post-analytical logic. The exploratory-historical logic explores historical contexts to understand societal mechanisms and approaches. Meanwhile, the post-analytical logic examines current societal mechanisms and approaches and constructs hypothetical models to explore underlying relationships. Data collection for this study involved gathering information from various sources, including bibliographic research, as well as primary and secondary resources such as images and documents.

Values of a society reveal the culture and beliefs of a nation which can directly impact the form and structure of its built environment. As a result, in-between spaces, as semi-public and semi-private spaces, carry several roles which are being affected by the values of their time. These values were transformed in Qajar period when the signs of modernity appeared in architecture. The findings highlight the emergence of new societal values, including socialization of women in society, rejection of polygamy among men, shrinking families (nuclear structure), separation between home and workplace, outburst of western goods (new appliances of life, formation of new entertainment out of home, emergence of service jobs, individualism and independent lifestyles). The aforementioned factors have changed in-between spaces through some structural changes, so they formed new values and have changed the notions of in-between spaces, such as privacy, private area and personal spaces. Consequently, new forms of in-between spaces, such as balconies, pause areas, and horizontal divisions like stairways, have emerged to accommodate these evolving societal values.

The reciprocal relationship between space and social changes is evident in the two studied periods. During the Qajar and Pahlavi I period, the construction of new spaces and buildings that were not seen before in Iranian society, led to significant physical changes that mirrored evolving societal values. On the other hand, cultural connections with the West, educational trips, travel and printing of books and newspapers and other factors led to major changes in individual and social values. Consequently, the spaces within households, including crucial communication and intermediary areas, underwent transformations to accommodate the evolving needs of individuals, which differed noticeably from those of previous generations.

The subject of "aesthetics" and its components have a wide and important dimension due to their close relationship with architectural design, with the perception of the audience, and are known as a stimulus for people to understand the visual components of architecture. The purpose of this study is to explain the aesthetic patterns used in the design of buildings, administrative index of Tehran between 1340 to 1390. The research method of this research is applied and developmental in terms of purpose and the research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the nature of the data is quantitative-qualitative. The samples of this research have been selected based on 9 pre-revolutionary office buildings and 10 post-revolutionary office buildings. Views were analyzed on the basis of cultural, economic and technological dimensions of qualitative content. Criteria were also identified based on quantitative and qualitative dimensions and were assessed based on semi-structured interviews. The results show that the cultural dimension variable with (Beta = 0.329) with significance coefficient (sig = 0.036) is the strongest predictor of the aesthetic category of buildings and the economic dimension variable is (271). Beta = 0.0 with a significance coefficient (sig = 0.000) and in the second place, has the power of prediction in the model and in the third place, the technology dimension variable (Beta = 0.149) with a significance factor (0 = sig) is.

In traditional Iranian architecture, the courtyard serves an important purpose of providing a secure and private space for family activities. This is based on cultural and ritual practices that prioritize creating an enclosed and protected environment that is not visible to outsiders. Based on the definition of the relationship between open spaces and closed spaces, Iran’s traditional residential architecture is classified into two types: extrovert and introvert. In both extroverted and introverted types, the formation and quality of open spaces have been affected by natural conditions and social and cultural factors. During the second Pahlavi period from 1961 to 1971, the construction of modern houses and residential complexes became popular in Iran, which ultimately caused a complete transformation in the relationship between open and closed spaces in Iranian residential architecture, and as a result, the role and function of open spaces in residential buildings changed completely. Compared to traditional housing, the nature and function of open spaces in modern residential buildings has undergone significant changes. In traditional housing, open spaces were meant for communication with nature and provided a secure and private area for family activities. Therefore, this research deals with the qualitative investigation of open spaces and the identification of the relationship between culture and the environment in residential open spaces, and the analysis of residential buildings in Tabriz city.

This study has an applied purpose and its methodology is based on a descriptive-analytical approach. The information required to extract the theoretical framework and identify the components affecting the open spaces of the residential building was collected using the bibliographic and document method. Moreover, in order to collect the required data in the field studies, two methods of questionnaire and observation were used. To evaluate the open spaces of residential buildings from the perspective of residents of Tabriz city, a questionnaire was designed based on a five-point Likert scale. Taking into account the statistics published by Iran Statistics Center, the number of households in Tabriz is 563,660, of which 518,187 live in Tabriz. Therefore, the statistical population of this research is equal to 518,187 people, assuming that every household owns a house. Taking into account the number of households living in the sample areas, which is equal to 1634 people, and the people who were able to answer the questionnaire, the sample size was calculated using Cochran’s formula, and the questionnaire was distributed among 196 residents. The sample spaces of the research were selected purposefully and according to three different models of current urban housing in Tabriz city. These three patterns are: apartment (south-north), residential complex, and tower. AVE and CR methods were used to measure the reliability and validity of the research.

The physical components of the study were evaluated and the top six indicators with an average score of more than 3 were identified as follows: 1) enjoyment (3.92), 2) signs (3.53), 3) intersections (3.49), 4) natural elements (3.46), 5) pollution (3.42), and 6) boundaries (3.02). Additionally, in the section related to perceptual components, the two indicators of mobility and unreal spaces had the highest average of 3.46 and 3.36, respectively. In terms of emotional components, the results analysis showed that only the precognition index had an average higher than 3, while the excitement index had an average of 2.99, which is close to the centrality index. Comparing the total average of the indicators across the three components, it can be concluded that the physical component with a total average of 2.98 is ranked first, followed by the emotional component with a total average of 2.25, and finally the perceptual component with a total average of 1.85 ranked last.

The main users of this research, which aim to identify the factors that influence the quality of residential open spaces from a cultural ecology perspective, are architects and landscape designers. The research findings offer valuable insights for these professionals to enhance the open spaces of residential environments. Considering that a complete framework for evaluating and measuring the quality of open spaces in residential buildings has not yet been defined, one of the main achievements of this research is to empower experts and designers to better understand the environmental and cultural characteristics of open spaces in residential buildings; which will be effective in increasing the quality of open spaces in the house. This research showed that physical-functional components and emotional components play an effective role in increasing the quality of open spaces and there is a direct relationship between the aforementioned components. According to residents, the quality of residential open spaces is greatly affected by the physical-functional structure (physical indicators) and cultural identity is created by paying attention to emotional and social concepts (emotional indicators) in residential open spaces. Giving consideration to cultural symbols, signs, and historical memory of residents, as well as ensuring a sense of security, liveliness, and vibrancy, can enhance the cultural aspect of open spaces in residential areas.

The dynamism of space is always an opportunity to create a stronger relationship between place and society to develop urban life. Since the creation and development of intra-city areas, such as neighborhoods, can be significantly effective in the formation of dynamic social life, neighborhood centers can be revitalized as in-between spaces to provide services, create a sense of belonging to the place in the residents, and enhance the vitality of the neighborhood. The present study aims to investigate the physical, social, economic, and environmental roles of intracity in-between space systems in the dynamism of space using the TND approach. So, it seeks to answer the following question: what role do the characteristics of the in-between space play in the dynamics of neighborhoods and urban spaces? and with what approach can this be achieved? The present study is mixed method research where, first, the texture of neighborhood centers in Hamedan city is analyzed using logical reasoning and content-qualitative analysis, to extract the effective indicators in the dynamism of the neighborhood space. Next, the importance of coefficients and indicators is determined and analyzed using entropy and TOPSIS techniques. The results indicate that, based on the drivers of urban regeneration development, several components such as in-between space size, space syntax, the diversity of economic function, and the microstructures of socio-cultural life in the intra-city texture of Chaman play an increasing role in enhancing the vitality of neighborhoods and creating urban dynamism.

The bazaar is one of the important and influential elements in Islamic cities. The built space of traditional bazaars represents the architectural identity and urban planning of the city, and social interactions are strengthened in this space. The purpose of the research is to investigate the characteristics of local architecture and cultural indicators based on social interaction in the traditional bazaars of Tabriz, Urmia, and Zanjan. Data was collected through historical-analytical documents, descriptive survey method, and the technique of questionnaires and research sheets. Questionnaires were completed from guilds, trades, and customers of the bazaar through the sampling method. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through experts and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was above 0.7. The findings showed that the components of space, climate, landscape, and culture and form are effective in creating an atmosphere of social interaction in the traditional bazaars of northwestern Iran. Functionally, the traditional space of the bazaar fulfills the needs of citizens and strengthens the sense of belonging and creates the potential of social networks. Therefore, how traditional spaces respond to human needs is considered in this research. How can you make a deep connection with the traditional bazaar patterns based on the concepts of native architecture and regional culture?

Today, in most metropolises and large cities, the growth and development of high-rise buildings is evident and has left many positive and negative effects. The widespread impact of these buildings on the body and space of today's cities is undeniable, as it has caused high-rise buildings to be reviewed by experts in various fields. High-rise buildings in today's cities have always been one of the most influential aspects of urban landscapes, and the symbolic, aesthetic, identity, and readability aspects of the environment are among the dimensions to be considered in their role in the urban landscape. In recent decades, the vertical growth of cities has been increasingly studied and buildings act as a single complex that serves and receives. High-rise construction has been used to exploit downtown lands and to produce and pay attention to urban economy. While most decisions in our country for this type of building are made without regard to this. Construction of high-rise buildings, limited to authorized or special areas for high-rise construction in some sub-zones of land use in Tehran and subject to permission in terms of earthquake zoning studies and related rules and regulations and permitted environmental zones whose location and permitted uses: 2000 Detailed plan zoning is specified and refined. The development of cities in the present century to respond to problems such as population growth, public demand for life and work has increased attention to vertical expansion. A high-rise residential complex is a way to respond to the prevailing conditions. These residential complexes have advantages and disadvantages in their structure and many of them have formed their spatial structure based on the existing rules and regulations and the main structure of the spatial structure has been in them. To control the spatial structure, it is necessary to control all the forces in each building, which requires recognizing the elements and components of the spatial structure, which has not yet been explained and reviewed. As a result of this research, the criteria have been formed by examining and prioritizing the criteria according to the extent of their factor contribution in the formation of high-rise buildings. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative nesting. In the qualitative stage, the interview was used to collect information and the questionnaire was used in the quantitative stage. The software used is in the quantitative part of JMP and in the qualitative part of ATLASTI. The results show that the most impact belongs to; Criteria for height restriction on the distance between the elements with the amount (1.000), criteria for spatial restriction on the components of the unit with the amount (1.000), criteria for fire extinguishing on the components of the unit with the amount (0.982), criteria of elevator on the texture with the amount ( 1.000), but the least effective include the criteria of height restriction with physical continuity (0.388), the criteria of spatial restriction with texture (0.514), the criteria of elevator on the physical connection with the amount (0.356) and the criteria of fire extinguishing Form with value (0.246), exit criteria with unit components with value (0.401), criteria of physical structure on readability with value (0.213), physical coherence and criteria of energy consumption and saving with physical coherence with value ( 0.388), the criteria for the placement of vehicles with physical differences with the value of (0.255) and the criteria of protrusion on the spatial zoning with the value of (0.262).In recent decades, the vertical growth of cities has been increasingly studied and buildings act as a single complex that serves and receives. High-rise construction has been used to exploit downtown lands and to produce and pay attention to the urban economy. Impress. Due to the lack of localization and mere emphasis on some aspects of the spatial structure, the rules have caused some parts to remain rigid and inattention to other parts in the design of the spatial structure. In various researches, the effect of different groups of criteria on the elements of spatial structure has not been discussed and analyzed. To control the spatial structure, it is necessary to control all the forces in each building, which requires recognizing the elements and components of the spatial structure, which has not yet been explained and reviewed.

The strong relationship between place and society is evidence of the formation of sustainable social life in the urban space. The valuable houses, as part of modern heritage; and factories as part of the industrial heritage; are separated from their context. The main purpose of this research is to formulate a place-based development approach. According to the research hypothesis, there is a significant relationship between economic, structural, public and environmental factors.

In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the process of analysis has been organized with the method of logical reasoning and content-qualitative analysis of the texture of neighborhood centers. This study intends to study the effect of interface space on inner-city dynamism by qualitative studies of the indicators derived from the location-based development approach, using the opinions of participants to evaluate the effectiveness of effective metrics. Three neighborhoods have been studied, selected from among the historical and valuable neighborhoods of Hamedan.

Analysis of the interaction of elements left over from the past heritage of Hamedan, with emphasis on the theory of place-based development, showed that the reconnection of urban elements with each other is of special importance and is one of the most obvious effective features in intermediate spaces.

According to the place-based development approach, in the dimensions of the middle space, spatial arrangement and diversity of economic performance and socio-cultural infrastructure in the urban context of neighborhoods, have an increasing role in the vitality of neighborhoods and creating sustainable dynamism.

The key to the survival of a historical building is in its active mode and the spirit of dynamism in it. The dynamism of space is always an opportunity to create a stronger relationship between architecture and society, to organize sustainable urban development. Hence, in-between urban networks are highly important in reviving urban dynamism. The purpose of this article is to recognize and analyze the areas affecting urban dynamism interacting with the concept of in-between space, with the solution of changing the land-use of sumptuous historical buildings based on neighborhood-based contemporization model and seeks to answer the question how intracity dynamism  is  defined as in-between space. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, the process of analysis proceeds by selecting valuable historical buildings and how to change their land-use. This study aims to study the impact of changes in the land-use of selected buildings as an in-between space in urban dynamism by qualitative research of the indicators derived from the contemporization theory and has evaluated the effectiveness of metrics using the opinions of four groups of participants. Several rehabilitated historical houses in Tehran were analyzed with TND approach and an emphasis on the neighborhood-based contemporization theory, then areas and strategies affecting urban dynamism resulting from land-use change were extracted, and finally, the most obvious effective characteristics in selected in-between buildings were introduced as urban communication network.

Markets often provide opportunities for economic development and local employment, as well as the possibility of social interaction and fusion of different cultures. But why are some markets economically and socially successful and growing and others are not? The overall purpose of this study is to choose the most important role as the main issue of research among the components affecting social interactions in traditional markets versus today's shopping centers. The present research is a survey method in terms of cross-sectional time and according to the sample size is a wide-ranging and applied studies. The statistical population of this research is the citizens of Tabriz, Zanjan and Urmia, of which according to Morgan Georgian table 300 The subjects were selected and the questionnaire was completed. Sampling method was available and Cronbach's alpha was used for the reliability of the questionnaire. Design factor, cultural values, location and shopping route had a significant effect on the level of social interaction of people in indoor markets in the three cities. In this study, the role and capability of designing physical environment, functional quality of space and human components in promoting social interactions are confirmed. Common place and identity, people of the market, sense of familiarity, solidarity, relationship between building form, institution and architectural spaces that make up the market, everything tangible and material is so intertwined with spirituality and living in harmony that the two become components of separation They have become impenetrable and have become a whole.

The subject of facade and aesthetic components due to the close relationship between architectural design and audience perception, has wide and important dimensions and is known as a stimulus for understanding people's tastes of the visual components of architecture. The purpose of this study is to explain the aesthetic patterns used in the design of facades of office buildings in Tehran between 1340 and 1390.The research innovation is in filling the existing gap in identifying the aesthetic components of office building facades and also the developments in office architectural facades from the last 50 years until now. The research method of this research is applied and developmental from the beginning and the research method is descriptive-analytical and based on the nature of the data is quantitativequalitative. The samples of this research have been selected based on 9 pre-revolutionary office buildings and 10 post-revolutionary office buildings. Views were analyzed on the basis of cultural, economic and technological dimensions of qualitative content. The criteria were also identified based on quantitative and qualitative dimensions and were assessed based on semi-structured interviews. The results show that the cultural dimension variable with (Beta = 0.329) with significance coefficient (sig = 0.036) is the strongest predictor of the aesthetic category of buildings. And the economic dimension variable (Beta = 0.271) with a significant coefficient (sig = 0.000) and in the second place, has the power of prediction in the model and in the third place, the technology dimension variable (Beta = 0.149) with the significance coefficient is (sig = 0.000).

Technological innovations are known to be effective parameter in developing and designing architectural spaces in metropolis; however the impact of technology on the architecture of different communities in the world is not the same. The purpose of the paper is to depict a clearer view of the relation between culture and technology in contemporary architecture in globalization era. This paper examines the theories in the context of globalization by applying descriptive-analytical method by investigating documents. The results indicate that the relation between culture and architecture in this context based on the viewpoint of the Castells and Giddens and Robertson, that based on the limited boundaries, limitations and network communities, is not weakened, but a new form has taken stand against the unification strategy and represents a kind of unity while pluralism.The usage of technology includes removing boundaries, flexibility and diminution of distances. This can be investigated not only in the physical dimensions but also in various cultural aspects. The consequences affect architecture and culture that can be maintained by retaining the transcendental concepts of the past rather than superficial imitation of culture and technology in order to redefine new layers with the introduction of technology in globalization era.

Creativity is a certain property of the man that has been especially valuable in human societies and knowledge such as environmental psychology. Accordingly, the present research tries to answer the question “How many important the effects of physical factors of architectural place are on the users’ creativity and what is the role of architectural design in organizing them to enhance it?” Therefore, the purpose of the present paper is to explain the main characteristics of creative places in a pattern form by identifying and categorizing the physical factors of the built environment. In terms of methodology, the configuration of the present research is based on Grounded Theory and a mixed method in which the findings resulted from a comprehensive documentary and field study has been completed and validated by applying statistical techniques on the data collected in a purposeful case study. The sample of this case study is three universities in Kermanshah, Iran, consists of educational environments of architecture in which teachers and post-graduate students identified and expressed their creativity-stimulant behaviors as well as the physical items of the environment that afford those activities. Finally, we concluded some of the spatial features, functional spaces, and their associated environmental affordances as the main items affecting the users’ creativity enhancement that ultimately have been classified and rated by an exploratory factor analysis as creativity-effective environmental attributes to be considered in designing the future environments in general and educational environments especially, as the main strategy. It could be pointed to the dynamism, generativity, justifiability, enrichment, and durability, on the one hand, and naturalism, interactivity, formal and functional balance and appropriateness, diversity of usage, multi-semantic in form and function, individualism, and composure, on the other hand, in the form of two distinct and correlative categories, among the most important of these attributes.

Architectural education as a challengeable subject is dependent on multiple variables. Since formation of an architect character and learning design abilities are related to this subject, it is so sensitive.  Historically, the role of mathematics and application of its different aspects in architectural design is indisputable. While recent decades have witnessed a high level of interaction between mathematics and architecture in the world, mathematics in architectural education in Iran is still being taught as a basic course through the lecture method. A great concern in learning architectural design is how to apply the basic courses in design process.

According to the necessity of revising the role of mathematics in education of architectural design, and developing new approaches to apply mathematical thought in logical process of design, the present study aims to test an educational model in an environment consisting of test and control groups in the Basic Design 1 & 2 courses, using the proposed model of Lawson as well as quasi-experimental research method. The research subjects are selected among BA students of Islamic Azad University of Urmia (n=52). They provided logical solutions for design problems, using algebraic, arithmetic, geometric and symbolic aspects of mathematics. The subjects’ design abilities were evaluated by the performance measurement method based on verdict criteria. The researchers determined two groups of mathematical and architectural design measurement criteria. For design, the criteria included design conceptual quality, spatial and functional arrangement, form combination, presentation quality, creativity and final grade. 

The final grades of four research projects executed in two studios were respectively for design 62.57,66.29, 71.30, 75.31 and for mathematics 64.99, 69.27, 71.72 and 74.9. The correlation between design and mathematics evaluation scores for project 1 of the studio 1 (ƿ=0.594) and project 2 of the studio 2 (ƿ=0.604) is independently obvious which indicates the strong combination between mathematics and design aspects in these projects. For the project 2 of the studio 1, the correlation was low (ƿ= 0.166). The possible explanation could be based on the lack of real materials application and the experiment of altering theory analysis to practical analysis. The correlation between design evaluation scores and mathematics application (ƿ=0.384) reveals a positive role for mathematical thought in developing logical solutions and general quality of design.

Findings of this study directly refers to the correspondence between research assumptions and the verdict criteria. The findings indicate that students’ performance in test group is better than the students in control group in all criteria except the presentation. The best performance by subjects of the test group means that their ability in creating solution concept has much improved compared with the control group as a result of manipulating the independent variable which is the education method in this study. This improvement couldn’t be related to other unrelated independent variables, because these variables have been either controlled or their effect has been studied through the pre-test. Stated on the findings in analyzing the general quality of design, students provided complicated geometric patterns in their design as logical, creative and efficient solutions through realizing their mathematical principles. Acquiring and developing the design schema based on design problems in the Basic design studios results the improvement of the students’ ability in logical aspects of design.  

Context: Architecture is an impressive event in human life with the nature that returns to the design process in any way, and therefore, the significant role of creativity is inevitable in its various aspects. Generally, the design is a motivated effort to satisfy human needs, which focuses on two main principles, form and function, on huge scale view in architecture. Thus, the relation between them is the matter always considered due to the architectural essence. Accordingly, it is important to pay attention to the prominent role of architectural creativity in recognizing and redefining this fundamental connectivity. the main aim of the present research is investigating the quiddity of the form-function relation and identifying its affecting factors based on a recognizing approach to the existence levels of human as the main user of architecture, focusing on the niche of creativity. This research was conducted with a descriptive method and subsequently a qualitative content analysis equipped with a comparative-interpretative approach to identify key variables involved in related theories. Furthermore, we tried to make adequate and redefine this relationship between these concepts with logical reasoning and critical thinking. Since the analytical scrutiny of our research is developed based on the previous theoreticians’ analytical processes, it could be considered as a qualitative meta-analysis study focuses on the related anthropological dimensions. According to the content unity of concepts design and creativity, particularly in art and architecture, it seems to be logical that apply the concept of creativity to explain the form-function relation comprehensively. Finally, a conceptual model and associated manifest were presented that covers all of the studied theories. Explaining that the form is created on the basis of various human demands and makes possible to satisfy the basic and higher needs of mankind, by affording the functions and meta-functions in corresponding to the different dimensions of creativity used.

Statement of the problem: Today, the quality of achieving environmental meaning and subsequently the actualization of the sense of place in different levels has been specially considered due to its importance in architecture, especially with the emergence of the knowledge of environmental psychology. According to this and the belief in the dominant methodology propagated in behavioural sciences, it seems that attempting to explain the environmental design process in the form of common methods in other sciences and presenting it in descriptive patterns is one of the main goals of joining these areas of knowledge. The significance of this adaptation is considerable and covers the core of this research in point of the effectiveness of architectural products in the contemporary world. The current study attempts to answer the following questions: "what are the main effective physical factors in forming the environmental meaning and actualization of a sense of place? Moreover, what is their mechanism of action in the process? Also, how can it be described as a generative structural pattern?"
Research

According to the above-mentioned subject, the main goal of this research is to investigate the state of achieving the environmental meaning and subsequently actualizing the sense of place. It is focused on its structural process by a systematic approach in a form of psychological pattern based on the levels of human existence.

Regarding the exploratory nature of the study, a qualitative survey method entitled "Constructivist Grounded Theory" was chosen to identify the variables of the problem and deduce the relations between them. It should be noted that the semi-structured interviews with some specialists in the field of architecture and environmental design were utilized in this method, in addition to the descriptive-analytical strategy.

In this research, the importance of the variable "environmental perception" was focused, in different aspects, as the center of the considered process in the proposed pattern. Therefore, its key role in defining human expectations of the built environment and his behavioral reaction was emphasized as a result. Accordingly, a generative structural pattern consisting of three elements of "components, syntax, and meaning" is presented, which are equated with physical factors, environmental behavior, and environmental sense respectively. Finally, it could be claimed that the suggested pattern is capable of evaluating the existing environment purposefully and efficient in designing new environments

From the peripheral vision, the central court has performed well as an efficient and efficient means to protect residents from adverse weather and environmental conditions and to benefit from non - active energies in the regions (hot and dry) and (warm and humid). The discovery of the hidden angles of the environmental and climatic function of the central courtyard in the traditional urban settlements of the country is an unknown issue that this study seeks to answer. For this purpose, traditional house houses of Tabriz have been selected as a study sample. This study aims to study the physical structure, patterns and variations of the central courtyard in traditional housing units of Tabriz based on effective elements on thermal treatment of حیاط ها to their typology. In order to perform the research of 120 examples of traditional houses of Tabriz in the historical range of the city, the identification and number of 64 houses that had full information and documents were selected for typology. The results of typology the factor towards other factors in determining the governing angles on the direction of the houses. It is in the sense that courtyards are closer to a square shape. Courtyards of area (100 - 300 m) have the highest frequency among the studied samples. The depletion of the area and the increase of the compound confinement face difficulty in the cold season due to deep shadows on adjacent surfaces of the courtyard, non - active heating of the adjacent spaces adjacent to the compound. The maximum frequency ratio is to a group of yards, the length of which is 2. 5 times the height of them and the courts with a width of 2 equal to the height of the bodies are the highest. The rise of the sidewalls, especially in the south, will lead to vast shadows in the adjacent surfaces of the courtyard and thus reduce the quality of thermal comfort in the cold seasons of these regions.

Gender is a social and cultural concept that changes in different times and places. Various factors such as beliefs, religious teachings and customs are involved in shaping it. The present paper, applying historical approach and relying on an interpretation of historical texts and travelogues and focusing on the culture and religion in Iranian society, investigates changes in the gender realms of urban, rural and tribal communities in the Qajar period. Considering this pre-hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between "gender identity" and "spatial identity", this paper response to a main question: Which factors have influenced in shaping of gender realms and their transformation in various situations? In this respect, we first find gender realms in the public and private places in the Qajar period. Then, we explain and analyze the comments of travel writers. The findings of the study indicate that cultural factors such as ritual beliefs, dressing way, women’s education and cultural influence of the West in the late Qajar era, social factors, including the structure of power, class, and social norms, and also economic factors including livelihood and geographic region have changed the relationship between gender and space. This paper discusses that how these factors influence on gender and space. Study of the Safavid and Qajar history and comparison of travelogues written during this period; give us the conclusion that the position of women in this period was similar in many aspects. The formation of movements and organization of women just after the constitutional revolution have changed this situation. Thus, in the present study, 6 travelogues of the Qajar dynasty, 6 travelogues of the Safavids, 8 memoirs and biographies have been investigated. In this paper, determining the influence of gender identity on spatial identity and the confounding factors in the relationship between gender and space are considered. Identifying domains as the basis of social and relative relations in public and private spaces have particular importance to detect possible changes in the gendered spaces. This research is based on historical texts, travelogues and biographies to explain the changes in spatial organization and classification of public and private realms according to changes in gender definition. This paper investigated these maters during the Qajar era. The main research question is that how features of space and the use of private and public realms affected of gender identity, social and cultural position, and status of women and men during the Qajar era.