معصومه اسدی

 Land subsidence is an invisible danger that has faced many cities in Iran, including Pishva, with a serious challenge. The importance of subsidence has led to the evaluation of the amount of subsidence in the urban area and outskirts of Pishva using radar images and the SBAS time series method (2020-2022) in this research.

 In this research, Landsat satellite images, Sentinel 1 radar images, and library information were used as research data to achieve the desired goals. The working method has been that first, using satellite images, the trend of land use changes in the region has been evaluated, and then, based on the available information, the state of the decline of underground water resources in the region has been investigated. In the following, the subsidence rate of the region has been calculated using the SBAS time series method.

 The results of this research have shown that the studied area has subsided between 107 and 411 mm during a 2-year period (2020 to 2022), based on which it can be said that the maximum annual subsidence of the area is more than 20 cm.  The results of the evaluation of land use changes in the region have shown that during the 30 years (1991 to 2021), the land use of manufactured areas has increased from 2.2 to 9.6 square kilometers. Also, the level of piezometric wells in the region has faced an annual drop of more than 1 meter.

 Considering that the development of manufactured uses is associated with an increase in the pressure on the earth's surface, and also the development of residential and industrial areas is associated with an increase in the use of underground water resources, the changes in land uses during recent years, the context has provided for subsidence in the region.Innovation: The method's high precision allows the research results to be used for various construction planning.

The necessity of addressing the environment in the oil industry and related industries becomes clearer when we realize that it is impossible to move in the direction of continuous industrial improvement without paying attention to the environment. Environmental issues are a completely cross-sectoral issue and all members of the society, especially organizations and institutions, should take advantage of the power and efficiency of their organizations in preserving and maintaining the environment as a public duty from any activity that is related to pollution or prevent irreparable destruction of the environment. The aim of this research is to design an integrated management model for the country's energy sector with an emphasis on environmental policies.

This article is a qualitative research. The statistical sample of the research (elite) has been selected as a cluster from among the members of the statistical community. In this way, the statistical population was first divided into different clusters (cluster of faculty members, cluster of oil sector managers, experts in the field of oil industry in 1400), then, according to reaching data saturation, a total of 25 experts were interviewed. To analyze the data in the interviews section, three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding have been used. Data analysis has been done according to the grounded theorizing method after conducting the interview, during three stages of open coding, central coding and selective coding. To do this, Maxqda software was used.

Based on the findings of this research, 18 components were extracted from the 101 primary concepts in the axial coding and finally, in the selective coding stage, 5 main categories were extracted under the headings of social dimension, technical dimension, economic dimension, environmental dimension and legal dimension. political and legal were selected as the dimensions of the integrated management model of the country's energy sector in the final model.

Environmental and international policies can reduce the pollution of the energy sector, including oil, and the legal measures carried out at the international level can control and monitor the environment. Institutional and political factors play a key role in promoting the transition to renewable energy, and improving these factors can lead to decarbonization of the energy sector in the long term. Global financial development has no significant long-term impact on the transition process, which means that the entire financial system needs a fundamental structural change to accelerate the substitution between polluting and clean energies. However, in the short term, the impact appears to be negative and significant, highlighting the inadequacy of financial institutions and financial markets in promoting a sustainable path in the region.

The tectonic positioning of Iran has led to significant seismic activity in the region, particularly in the Alborz Unit. This study focused on investigating the morphotectonic status of Lavasan Sub-basins located on the southern slopes of the Alborz. To achieve this, a digital elevation model with 30-meter resolution, a 1:50,000 topographic map, a 1:100,000 geological map, and Sentinel-1 radar images were utilized as research data. The analysis employed GMT, ArcGIS, and SPSS software, along with specific indicators to assess the tectonic condition of the region. The research was conducted in two stages. Firstly, the tectonic conditions of the sub-basins were evaluated using morphotectonic indicators and secondly, the vertical displacement of the region was assessed using radar images and the SBAS time-series method. The results of the study indicated that Lavasan Sub-basins exhibited high tectonic activities with Barg and Kond basins averaging a score of 1.88 and Lavasan and Afjeh basins averaging a score of 2. Consequently, the latter basins demonstrated a more active tectonic status based on the IAT index. Additionally, the results obtained from the SBAS time-series method over a 3-year period (from 01/06/2016 to 12/21/2018) revealed a 79-mm elevation and a 14-mm depression, which could be attributed to tectonic activity, thus corroborating the accuracy of the results obtained from morphotectonic indicators.

Floods are occurring as an environmental hazard in many parts of the world, especially in countries that have been ineffective in crisis management and resource conservation. This natural hazard has become one of the most damaging natural disasters since the reckless activities of human beings in exploiting the natural environment have increased. One of the ways to deal with this danger is to predict the occurrence of floods. The models that are used to predict the occurrence of floods may not have the same accuracy in predicting precipitation events in different seasons of the year. Due to the importance of this issue, in this study, the results of the the Geomorphological Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (GIUH) model in predicting floods in winter and spring in Minab catchment (Brentin) were compared. The data include the maximum hourly flow and their corresponding precipitation for three spring and three winter events. First, the required parameters of GIUH model including branching ratio, length ratio and area ratio for the basin were estimated using GIS softwar. Then, the events of winter and spring seasons, the peak discharge values, and the time of the peak discharge were compared. The results of this comparison showed that GIUH model predicts peak discharge and peak flood time occurring in winter (with average values of 20.09 and 45.64%, respectively). It is less distant from the observed data, and has a higher accuracy than spring events (with average values of 57.3 and 119.7, respectively).

The risk of subsidence in recent years has posed serious challenges to many cities, including cities in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Hamedan is one of the cities that are exposed to this risk and for this reason, this study evaluated the subsidence in the city. The data included Sentinel 1 radar images, Landsat satellite images, 30 m SRTM digital model and groundwater data. Tools also included ArcGIS, GMT, and ENVI. In the first stage, land use maps of the region for the period 1991-2020 were prepared and analyzed. In the second stage, the situation of groundwater depletion in the study area was explored, and in the third stage, using radar images and SBAS time series method, the amount of subsidence in the area over a three-year period (2017 to 2020) was calculated. The results showed that the urban area and suburbs of Hamedan annually experience one meter drop in water resources and 0.7 Square kilometers of physical development. Moreover, the subsidence rate of this area during the three-year period was between 6 to 98 mm. According to the final map, the rate in western areas of Hamadan was between 60 to 98 mm, in central areas was between 30 to 60 mm, and in a big part the city subsidence is 6 to 30 mm from its eastern regions. Considering that the highest rate of physical development of Hamedan city in recent years has been in the western suburbs of the city, it can be said that the physical development along with the decline of groundwater resources are the main factors of subsidence in this city.

Na[Ln(edta)(H2O)n] (Ln = Dy, Ho, Yb and Er, n = 1-3) complexes were synthesized using lanthanide salts and Na4(edta). The synthesized lanthanide complexes were characterized using different techniques including elemental analysis, UV-Vis, FT-IR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Their structures were also optimized using DFT method. Then, the complexes were refluxed in the presence of a mixture of Al(OH)3 and H3BO3 for 24 h. The reaction mixture was then calcined at 400°C for 5 h. The obtained powder as a new phosphorescent pigment was dispersed in water and acrylicpolyurethane resin, and new phosphorescent pigments were finally prepared by adding different percentages of lanthanide oxides to the original pigment. The prepared phosphorescent pigments were investigated using XRD, XRF, and solid state phosphorescence spectroscopy.

Accurate prediction of floods is especially important in arid areas with more irregularities and intensities. Lack of hydrometric stations in these areas of our country, along with the important advantage of the GIUH model, which allows the simulation of precipitation-runoff of a basin with the least information data, led the researchers to evaluate the above model in the basin. Consider the catchment of Minab as their goal. The quantitative values of each of the geomorphological parameters of the GIUH model, the most important of which are the bifurcation ratio, length ratio and area ratio, have been calculated using GIS technology and with the help of HECGeoHMS add-on. In ranking waterways, the Strachler method was used as a basis. The hydrograph model of the geomorphology unit in the study basin has had acceptable results according to the calculated average error equivalent to 17.22% for the peak discharge of 4 selected events. However, in estimating the peak occurrence time, the amount of error is higher and in all events, the peak discharge time is less than the real time. In addition, the results of this model in the same basin under study also provided acceptable results with an average error rate of about 30% in calculating the peak discharge. The GIUH in the Minab catchment has had acceptable results according to the mean error calculated for the peak discharge of 4 selected events. Therefore, it is possible to achieve the desired results from this model in similar conditions and by applying changes.

Flooding is one of the most important risks facing residential areas. Poldokhtar is one of the areas that has been flooded in recent years. The hydrogeomorphological position of this city has caused this city to be a high-risk flood zone, and this issue will be addressed in this paper. In this research, unlike many studies, in addition to identifying the areas prone to floods, the trend of development of residential areas to flood areas is identified. The results of identifying the areas prone to floods indicate that a large part of the urban area and the suburbs of Poldokhtar, including its western areas due to proximity to the river, low altitude and slope, has a high flood potential. The results of the evaluation of the development trend of residential areas towards flooded areas have shown that the use of residential areas in 1990 was 1.5 square kilometers, but it increased during the years under study (i.e. 2000, 2010, 2020) to 2.6, 3.7 and 5.4 square kilometers, respectively. An important issue regarding the increase in land use is related to its development trend towards flood-prone areas. That is, in 1990, 1.3% of residential areas (equivalent to 86.7%) in Poldokhtar City were located in the region with high flood potential, and this amount increased to 2.2, 2.9 and 4.1 square kilometers during 2000, 2010 and 2020, respectively. Due to the above-mentioned cases, no attention has been paid to floods in the region in terms of the physical development of Poldokhtar City, and this issue has caused a large part of residential areas to move to flood-prone areas in recent years.

Soil subsidence is one of the dangers facing many Iranian plains. In the meantime, the plains of Semnan province, including the Ivanaki plain, are at risk. Due to the importance of the subject, in this study, the rate of subsidence of Ivanaki plain and its effective factors are analyzed. In this research, the descriptive-analytical method was used. The survey data included radar and satellite imagery, statistical information, and a 30-m digital elevation model. The method is first to evaluate the geomorphology, land use and groundwater status of the Ivanaki Plain, and then, using Sentinel 1 radar image and SBAS time series method, the amount of subsidence is calculated. Surveys show that natural factors, including trends and trends in anomalies, have played a major role in shaping climate and water resource constraints, and restricting access to water causes the excessive use of groundwater and severe surface depletion. The results of calculating the groundwater level in the area show that the average of the study wells falls between 1372 and 1394 years between 0/85 to 2/01 cm per year. Also, the results of the assessment of the area's subsidence indicate that the range of studies over the 3-year period (from 2016/01/06 to 2018/12/21) decreased between -0.9 to -33.2 cm. Most of the subsidence has been in the center of the plain of Ivanaki, near the village of Cheshmeh Nadi.

Due to the great importance of maintaining vaccination coverage in children, this study examined the delay in vaccination at birth, 2, 4, and 6 months, which has recently decreased due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 213 children in 2 groups in Abadan, Iran in 2020. The children who were born from 21 March to 22 September in the years of 2019 and 2020, were divided into groups of 1 and 2. Then based on demographic data, the delay vaccination was compared between two groups, the data was gained from the Sina system and analyzed by chi-square test.

The coverage vaccination decreased during pandemic COVID-19. The percent of no vaccination at birth, 2, 4, and 6 months in 2020 was higher than in 2019, timely vaccination in 2020 was lesser than in 2019 ones. Our data showed that the continuing vaccination depends on the education of parents, age, and weight of the child, but there was no significant association between vaccination and the other demographic variables.

 Regarding high coverage vaccination in Iran, health officer, and health policy maker should attempt to preserve high immunization coverage during pandemic COVID-19, especially in areas with low literature and crowded families.

The study of educational environments in teaching hospitals has been recommended by many countries on an ongoing basis. In medical science education environments, in order to organize students' behavior, it is necessary to adjust and adapt the content and educational environment to each other as two important factors in the development of medical sciences. The aim of this study was to determine and study the atmosphere of teaching hospitals in Abadan University of Medical Sciences from the perspective of clinical students and its relationship with the performance of managers.

the present cross-sectional study was conducted in educational hospitals under the auspices of Abadan School of Medical Sciences in 2019. Research tools were two valid and reliable questionnaires. The “Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure questionnaire” was used for the educational environment and the “managers' performance questionnaire” was used to evaluate the managers of the departments. Sampling was done by census and 204 students and 32 heads of clinical departments were included in the study. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive tests (frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation) and analytical tests of t-test, analysis of variance and Pearson correlation.

The performance of managers was strong (mean score was 68.75±7.39). Each of the different areas of managers' performance had a positive and significant relationship with each other. Educational atmosphere was also favorable (mean score 113.35±22.59). There was no significant relationship between educational atmosphere and managers 'performance and each of the managers' performance areas.

Due to the dissatisfaction of one third of students with the educational atmosphere in Abadan University of Medical Sciences in clinical departments and not so high score in the dimension of planning in the performance of managers, educational processes need careful planning and implementation of standards.

Providing quality services and meeting the needs of clients in the health system of countries are emphasized by policy makers. In order to stay competitive, it is important to introduce the organization to others. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between accountability and quality of health services and their relationship with organizational prestige in public hospitals in Abadan and Khorramshahr in 2019.

This descriptive-analytical study was performed by the census method in three hospitals under the auspices of Abadan University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using a questionnaire of health care quality from patients and questionnaires of fast-response organizations and organizational prestige from hospital staff. Data analysis was performed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics and Pearson’s correlation test.

The quality of medical services in the studied hospitals was moderate (63.54±15.42). Findings also showed that the response rate of hospitals was very good (62.12±15.59). Finally, the status of organizational prestige has been evaluated very well in terms of hospital staff (26.44±5.45). There was no statistical relationship among organizational prestige, service quality, and accountability.

In summary, in addition to responding quickly to patients' needs, improving the quality of services for hospital recognition and hospital prestige is also important and should be considered.

An examination of the number of floods in recent years shows that floods are no longer a rare sudden disaster, but a growing phenomenon that, at any given time, causes a lot of damage, including life and death. As a result of interference in natural environments, the presence of multiple structures, and the lack of appropriate measures to protect these environments, flood conditions are provided. Also, with the rapid growth of urban development and the creation and development of infrastructure, floods in urban areas have become more and more severe. In our country, especially in the southern regions of the country, due to climatic conditions, floods are frequent and harmful. The growing trend of floods in recent years suggests that most of the countrychr('39')s southern cities are at risk of flooding. According to studies, about 40 large and small floods occur in different parts of the country every year. Experimental and managerial experience of different countries shows that the first step in reducing the harmful effects of floods is to identify flooding areas and zoning of these areas in terms of flood risk so that based on the results obtained with integrated management. And comprehensive urban planning prevented the harmful effects of urban floods as much as possible. This study aims at identifying potential flood areas of Bandar Abbas and Bandar Abbas strategic city using GIS, and adapting this map to the development plan of residential areas obtained from LCM model in remote sensing of satellite images as well as determining the flood risk areas.

In this study, two steps have been taken to achieve the desired goals. In the first stage, using five height parameters, slope, land-use, lithology, and river mile have been used as effective parameters in identifying flood-prone areas. After preparing the information layers for each parameter, the layers are standardized using fuzzy logic. After standardizing the layers, a hierarchical analysis model (AHP) was used to weight the layers. After determining the weight of each layer, in the ArcGIS environment, the weight obtained is applied to that layer, and finally, using fuzzy gamma, the information layers are combined, and the final map of flood-prone areas is prepared. In the second phase, satellite imagery from the 1990s, 2000s, 2010, and 2019 was used to assess the development of residential areas to prone to flood-prone areas. After preparing the images, in the ENVI software, first the necessary pre-processing on the images, including radiometric and atmospheric studies, has been done, and then by using the maximum probability method, land-use maps of the study area related to the 1990s, 2000s, prepared in 2010 and 2019, were presented. After preparing the land use maps, IDRISI software and the LCM (Land Change Modeler) software were used to evaluate the trend of land-use change in residential areas.

Evaluation of the final results of flood-prone areas indicates that a large part of the study area has a high flood-rising potential, so based on the results, the class has a very high potential for floods, 88 km2 (equivalent to 28.7% of the study area). The study area includes mainly areas close to the river, low-slope, and low-lying areas. Also, the class with a very low potential for flooding includes 24 km2 (equivalent to 7.8% of the study area) of the study area, which mainly includes the highlands and the northern slope of the study area. In addition, the results of the assessment of land-use changes indicate that land-use has undergone many changes during the study period, and the use of residential areas has increased. Assessing the trend of changes, shows that the increasing trend of use of residential areas has been due to population growth and construction development. The decrease in the use of vegetation and water area is also due to the development of the use of residential areas, which has caused the destruction of vegetation and the progress towards the coast. Also, the trend of changes in the use of weak pastures and salt marshes has been affected by the development of residential areas and climate change.

The results indicate that the study area has a high potential for flooding, so that about 170 km2 of the study area (equivalent to 55% of the study area) have a high and very high flood potential these areas mainly include low-slope and low-lying areas of the urban area and the suburbs of Bandar Abbas. Therefore, in terms of used parameters, the city of Bandar Abbas has a high potential for flooding. Also, in this research, the trend of land-use changes and residential areas of the study area has been evaluated. According to the results, the use of residential areas (including residential areas and man-made areas) has grown so much that in 1990, this area was 32.2 km2, which in 2000 to 42.9, and in 2010 it increased to 55.7 km2 and in 2019 to 77.4 km2. Assessing the spatial trend of land use changes indicates that a large part of the residential area has moved to areas prone to flooding. According to the results, in 1990, 14.2 km2 of residential areas were located on the potential floor of many floods, which in 2000 to 16.4, in 2010 to 21.9 and in 2019, it has increased to 28.1 km2. Therefore, it can be said that in recent years, a large part of the residential areas has moved to flood-prone areas.

Physical activity and exercise training plays a protective role against cardiovascular disease via reducing risk factors. Swimming as one of the best aerobic activity and exercise modality recommended for preventing and treatment of cardiovascular disease. On the other hand, exercise training could effects cardiac muscle protein structure. Therefore, the propose of this study was to investigate the effects of eight-week swimming training on N-cadherin, beta catenin and Emerin gene expression in left ventricle of cardiac muscle in male Wistar rat.

In this study, twenty four male Wistar rat (8-week old) with an average (weight 237±33 in gr) randomly divided to three groups: Control (n=8), 8- week control (n=8) and swimming training (n=8). Swimming group participated in a swimming training for 8- week (5 seasons per week of 30 minutes floating on the water with moderate intensity) and the control group continued their usual lives. Twenty four hours after the last training session, the heart tissue of rats were extracted and β-catenin, N-cadherin and Emerin gene expression evaluated by Real Time-PCR. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey methods (P<0.05).

The results of the study showed the expression of genes N-cadherin and beta catenin significantly higher in the swimming group than in the control group. However, Emerin gene expression in swimming group was significantly lower than in the control group.

According to these findings, it seems that eight-weeks of swimming training an effective way of improving the structure and function of the heart muscle cells by increasing beta catenin and N-cadherin.

In recent years, cities have undergone significant physical development. The physical development of residential areas in many cities has been limited, including Saghez. In fact, the geomorphologic status of the city of Saghez has limited it, so this study identifies areas that are prone to physical development within the city. In this research, in order to achieve the desired goals, five parameters (slope, slope direction, river, elevation, lithology, fault, road and land use) and fuzzy Fuzzy model and AHP were used. The method is that after preparing the information layers, the layer is weighted using the AHP model and then these layers are combined using fuzzy logic and finally the map of the amount of land fit for physical development. Residential areas are provided in four classes (very low to very high). According to the final map, areas of low and very low potential include the river unit and the high slope and elevation areas in the center and margins of the city of Saghez. Areas with high potential and high potential are mainly those of low slope and elevation areas outside the river. The overall results indicate that the study area faces many limitations in terms of physical development due to the river unit and the mountain unit.

In this paper, design and mathematical simulation of a multifunctional piezoelectric capacitive-resistive Nano accelerometer sensor has been investigated using Comsol multiphisics finite element software. The governing equation of motion in thetransverse direction for a cantilever Euler-Bernoulli beam is derived considering electrostatic and van der Waals-Casimir forces. The effect of existence of piezoelectric layer, piezoresistive and capacitive patches in the bending behavior of the sensor is considered applying the physical properties of piezopatches and then simulated and solved using mathematical modules of the Comsol software. For four simulated modes of Nano sensors the obtained results are included to the values of ∆R/R,∆V/V and ∆C/C for piezo patches with respect to the variation of applied acceleration of the sensor, stress distribution along the length of the beam and maximum value of von Mises stress to compare with the yield stress of the sensor, deflection of the beam with respect to the variation of applied acceleration of the sensor, fatigue analysis for the sensor and the sensor’s mode shapes and natural frequencies to determine the performance of the sensor.

Introduction :

The Flash Floods occurrence are the main features of dry areas. Iran is not exception, because of locating in an arid and semi-arid region of the world, so that there have been registered 3700 damaging flood in the past 50 years (1330-1380). This situation is somewhat more critical in areas like Hormozgan Province. For example, two thousand billion rials have been damaged by only a 110 mm shower in Minab city on March 5, 2013. Arid areas are introduced as one of the most vulnerable parts of the world in terms of shower characteristics and unpredictable floods. Unprotectability character are going to be intensified in the arid and semi-arid regions like Iran where rainfall and runoff data are incomplete. The arid regions, especially the ones have large catchments, require to installation, setting up and maintenance of equipment and systems of flood recording and it isn’t easy to preparing such facilities. So, it is necessary to calibrate some methods that can be estimated the amount of runoff from rainfall in the lack or incomplete statistics basins for which flood forecasting are essential in hydrological studies and designs, water resources management. So far, many methods have been considered by many researchers to simulate runoff rainfall to predict flood. Their development has led to the production of hydrological simulation models using computer models. One of the successful models in this field is the software HEC-HMS, by which many researchers have used to predict the flood. In this research, the Minab dam basin has been used as an example of arid and semi-arid regions due to the presence of data to simulate rainfall-runoff using HEC-HMS software. It is located in the southwest of Kerman province and in the northeast of Hormozgan province. The basin is one of the largest and most important catchments in the southern coast of Iran with an area of 9845 square kilometers. Climate of the basin is hot and dry and it has a Mediterranean rain regime with a mean annual rainfall of 230 mm.

Material and Methods:

The three methods studied in this study were implemented using a HEC-HMS software with the entry of the required values in the losses section and in the runoff and base water section. Three methods, SCS, Clarke and Schneider were compared and analyzed in the runoff section. In the loses section in all three methods, the SCS method was used and a fixed monthly model was used to calculate the base current. The parameters and their values required for each of these methods to using for simulation are: CN amount and the initial losses and delay time for the SCS method, the storage coefficient and the concentration time for the Clark method, and the standard lag time and the peak coefficient for the Schneider method. After initial simulation to determine the optimal value of these parameters, calibration of the model was performed for five rainfall-runoff events. The peak discharge error percentage and Nelder and Mead searching method have been calculated during the calibration process of the model with the objective function, and then repeated correction of the parameters and the calculation of the best fit between calculated and observed hydrograph were performed. It was detected the value of the parameter obtained from the acceptance model calibration . by the suiting the fitness and production of the nearest hydrograph to the observed hydrograph. Validation of the model was carried out based on two selected rainfall-runoff events that was not involved in calibration. In the validation section, flow simulation is performed with a new parameter, independent of the parameters used in the calibration step. The new parameters result from the numerical average of the calibrated parameters. The approximation rate of computational flow to the observational flow indicates that the model is valid. Otherwise, the accuracy and validity of the model will not be accepted. Finally, sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the effect of each of the parameters on simulation accuracy.

Results and Discussion:

 The results of this study showed that SCS unit hydrograph method was determined as the appropriate method for the studied basin, given the lower difference percentage between observational and computational peak discharge, so that the values of RMSE for each of the three SCS, Clark, and Schneider models are 353.0, 117.75, and 79.2920, respectively. Also, sensitivity analysis of the model to different parameters showed that the most influential factor on the model is CN with 591.191, initial losses with a sensitivity of 1/335 and delay time with the value of 0.813, respectively. 

Conclusion:

 Since this area is located in a arid and semi-arid area, and many of the predictions of flood failure for arid areas based on SCS, it can be concluded that this model is considered a suitable model for drylands. This method can be more reliable for where have geomorphologic conditions similar to the upstream of the minab dam . However, the study of geomorphological characteristics and the emphasis on modeling based on these features can lead to accurate models and predictions.

Studies have shown that exercise stimulates cardiac proteins, and regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise can have a significant effect on cardiac proteins. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic training on expression of mRNA N-cadherin and β-catenin genes in left ventricle of cardiac muscle in male Wistar rats.

24 male Wistar rats (8 weeks old) with an average weight of 237 ± 33 g randomly divided to three equal groups of control, 8-weeks control, and aerobic training. Aerobic training group participated in an aerobic training for 8 weeks (5 sessions of 20-60 minutes each week, with an intensity of 65% of maximum oxygen consumption) running on animal treadmill (0% incline and 24 m/s), and there was no change in the normal activity cycle of the control group. 24 hours after the last training session, the heart tissue of rat was extracted, and the expression of mRNA β-catenin and N-cadherin genes was evaluated using real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey methods.

Expression of mRNA β-catenin and N-cadherin gene proteins (P = 0.001) and maximal oxygen uptake (P = 0.001) increased significantly in aerobic exercise group.

It seems that significant changes in expression of mRNA β-catenin and N-cadherin gene, as well as an increase in VO2max may make a positive impact on optimal heart activity.

In this paper, design and mathematical simulation of a hybrid piezoelectric capacitive-resistive nano accelerometer sensor has been investigated using Comsol multiphysics finite element software. The governing equation of motion in the transverse direction for a cantilever Euler-Bernoulli beam has been used considering electrostatic and van der Waals-Casimir forces. The effect of existence of piezoelectric layer, piezoresistive and capacitive patches in the bending behavior of the sensor is considered applying the physical properties of piezopatches and then simulated and solved using mathematical modules of the Comsol software. The obtained results are included the values of ∆R/R, ∆V/V and ∆C/C for piezo patches with respect to the variation of applied acceleration of the sensor, stress distribution along the length of the beam and maximum value of von Mises stress to compare with the yield stress of the sensor, deflction of the beam with respect to the variation of applied acceleration of the sensor, fatigue analysis for the sensor and the sensor’s mode shapes and natural frequencies to determine the performance of the sensor. The effects of changes of different values including nano g acceleration and material properties of piezoresistive patch on the behavior of the sensor are also considered in the analyses. It can be observed that nansensor has been satisfctory well designed from measuring sensitivity, stress level and fatigue life point of views.

Nausea and vomiting is one of the most common and most annoying post-operative complications, therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of oxygen therapy with Venturi mask and CPAP mask on nausea and vomiting after cesarean section. This quasi-experimental study was performed on two groups (control-intervention) on 90 candidates for elective cesarean section in Ahvaz Razi Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: intervention (45) and control group (45). Patients in the intervention group received 100% oxygen concentration with CPAP mask and patients in the control group with concentration of 30% by Venturi mask during and up to 6 hours after the operation. Nausea rate was assessed based on the VAS criteria and the frequency of vomiting. Data were analyzed by SPSS19 software using t-test and chi-square test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the severity of nausea and vomiting in both intervention and control groups at all postoperative times (p>0.05). The mean of severity of nausea and vomiting in the control group was more than the intervention group.It indicates the effectiveness of Cpap mask against Venturi mask on the severity of nausea and vomiting after cesarean section. Using oxygen at a concentration of 100% with a Cpap mask, compared to a venturi mask with a 30% delivery oxygen concentration, is able to reduce nausea and vomiting after cesarean section surgery.

One of the most serious topics threatening human life at the beginning of the third millennium is environmental issues. Environmental problems are produced mainly as a result of human behavior. Thus, knowledge, attitude and practical intentions of people on environmental issues and how to deal with them, require considerable attention in considering of environmental behaviors. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social (knowledge, attitude and practical environmental intentions) and grounded variables (age, education, gender, marital status) with environmental behaviors of Bandar Abbas residents. The survey method was used in the present study. The study sample consisted of 200 individuals aged 16-69 in Bandar Abbas city who were randomly selected through cluster sampling. Findings from the present study demonstrated a significant relationship between social and environmental variables and environmental behaviors. In addition, the environmental issue in Bandar Abbas which is among most social classes an important social concern has not yet entered the public domain and is limited to the elite of the community. Therefore, environmental behaviors in this city will be practiced with proper training.

Introduction and purpose: Spiritual intelligence is obtained from a set of spiritual abilities and interests, personality traits, special cognitive abilities, and neurological processes. Emotional intelligence is a revolutionary development in understanding the relationship between intellection and emotion. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence in undergraduate nursing students of Abadan School of Medical Sciences. This descriptive correlational study was conducted on a total of 125 subjects. The sampling technique was simple random sampling. The data were collected utilizing the Bar-On emotional intelligence and King spiritual intelligence questionnaires. The validity and reliability of both questionnaires were approved. Eventually, the data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression tests by SPSS 16. There was a positive and significant relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence among students (P<0/05). Moreover, there was a significant correlation between interpersonal scales, adaptation, and temperament with spiritual intelligence (P<0/05). However, there was no meaningful relation between intrapersonal scales and stress management with spiritual intelligence (P>0/05). It should be noted that all the components of emotional intelligence were able to predict spiritual intelligence. Through the enhancement of emotional intelligence in students, spiritual intelligence can be strengthened and improve the spiritual atmosphere and positive attitudes of students. Therefore, the educational staff of Abadan School of Medical Sciences can help students with providing necessary trainings regarding the increase of spiritual and emotional intelligence.

Introduction and Knowledge and attitude of administrators regarding accreditation play a significant role in its successful implementation. Thus, designing and implementing a survey is necessary to evaluate knowledge and attitudes of hospital executive management teams in the accreditation of Abadan and Khorramshahr hospitals, Iran.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the first half of 2017. The statistical population of this study consisted of all members of the executive management teams of Abadan and Khorramshahr hospitals. The sampling method was census-based and the sample size was 46 persons. Data collection was conducted by using a questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were already confirmed. Finally, the data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistics.
More than half of the participants had a great amount of knowledge about the requirements, goals, principles, and concepts of accreditation standards, as well as the need to participate in accreditation courses. More than 50% of the participants also had high expectations and positive attitudes towards the impact of accreditation on increasing public trust, improving the face of hospital, enhancing service quality, increasing patient satisfaction, raising safety and services, and improving hospital processes. There was a non-significant relationship between knowledge and attitude among the participants.
Regarding the average awareness of hospital managers about accreditation, education and awareness-raising among them seems to be necessary. Considering the high score of managers’ attitudes and expectations regarding accreditation, the process of accreditation in these hospitals is hoped to be more effective, such that it will result in higher patient safety and satisfaction.