معصومه لطیفی

The purpose of the paper is to study the role of social media in journals and the impact of journals on social media in the six subject areas of OECD.

This applied research was conducted in 2023 with scientometric indicators and approaches. The research population includes 380 titles from world journals and 41 Iranian journals, which have quartile (Q) and belong to one of the six subject areas of OECD. The data were collected using Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC), InCite, and altmetrics, which were analyzed using Access, Excel, SPSS, and Data wrapper.

The findings showed that medical and natural sciences journals have a higher rank regarding the variety of social media and the frequency of social citations. Twitter, patents, and news agencies are the most important social media. In world journals, there is a strong correlation between the number of received citations and the number of social citations of natural sciences, engineering, medical sciences, agricultural sciences, and humanities journals, and a moderate correlation with social science journals. In Iranian journals, there was a strong correlation between the number of standard and social citations of Iranian journals in engineering and medical sciences. The variety of media used in Iranian journals is lower than that of world journals, and the gap between the social citations of Iranian journals and the world is vast. The United States and Great Britain users are the most social citers on Twitter and Facebook.

The results highlight the necessity of familiarizing the country's researchers and research policymakers with the advantage of social media in promoting and highlighting research outputs and improving the country's scientific status in the long term.

With the declaration of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, quarantine method was applied almost in all countries to prevent the spread of the disease and reduce its transmission rate. This study aims to assess the body mass index (BMI) of people in quarantine during the pandemic in Hormozgan, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted at a 3-month period in Hormozgan province of Iran. Samples were 352 people over 15 years old who participated in an online survey.

The mean age of participants was 34.74±8.99 years, and 72.7% were female. The increase in mean BMI following the outbreak of COVID-19 compared to the pre-pandemic period was statistically significant for people aged 30 years and older compared to younger people (P=0.001). A significant increase of about 0.45 in BMI was also reported for people whose physical activity had changed following the outbreak (P=0.005). 

Reduced physical activities during quarantine along with overeating and subsequent increase in BMI can be a warning for the increase of obesity in the future.

Communication skills are essential for the survival and durability of variety of organizations, including libraries, which their proper use in the library environment is a critical feature of the librarianship as a profession that can affect even the management skills of libraries. The present study aims to "measure the impact of communication skills on quantum management skills of librarians and their role on agility of libraries."

The present study is descriptive-analytic and modeling based on structural equation model. The research community is librarians of Iran University of Medical Sciences libraries.. Information gathering tool, Barton J's Communication Skills Questionnaire. E (2006), Theoretical Quantum Management Questionnaire and Basrawi (2015), and Organizational Agility Questionnaire Sharifi and Zhang (2010).

The results showed that the effect of communication skills on quantum management is higher than the hypothetical mean level of 3. Also, the effect of communication skills on organizational agility was greater than the effect of quantum skills. What was understood from the final model was that the path coefficient effect of communication skills on quantum management with the value of r = 0.87 rather than its path coefficient effect on libraries' agility with the value of r = 0.72 was higher. Also, in the final model, it is found that in the communication skills component, listening skills with standard factor load of r = 0.96, was more effective compared to the verbal component with standard factor load of r = 0.93 and the feedback component with standard factor load of r = 0.77. In the component of quantum management skills, trust with standard factor load of r = 0.94 and seeing with standard factor load of r = 0.91 compared to the other quantum management skills, had the most effect and component of action with factor load of r = 0.61 and the component of emotion with factor load of r = 0.64 had the least effect on organizational agility. In the component of organizational agility, responsiveness with standard factor load of r = 0.95 and flexibility with standard factor load of r = 0.89 compared to speed with standard factor load of r = 0.75 and competency with standard factor load of r = 0.63 received the most impact from communication skills and quantum management skills.

Due to the positive impact of communication skills and the complex nature of the communication process, it is necessary to develop interpersonal communication skills in the librarians regarding their professional needs to benefit their skills in library management and moving their activities towards dynamicity and agility.

Analysis of taxation using accounting criteria and management system withEmphasis on the moderating role of conservatism: The NCA-SEM approachAbstractThe purpose of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the corporate tax rate of listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. This analysis was performed using linear and nonlinear neighborhood analysis algorithm and cloud disk. Initial independent variables in this study include management system variables and financial variables. The corporate tax rate is used to measure the level of corporate tax. The empirical findings of the survey of 145 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2013-2020 show that using the neighborhood analysis algorithm as a method of selecting financial metrics (instant ratio, asset return, sales return, The ratio of sales to total assets) has the greatest impact on the corporate tax rate. Other results also show that conservatism as a moderating variable has an impact on the relationship between the selected criteria and taxation.

Today, virtual social networks as a platform for the transmission of cultural messages play an important role in shaping cultural identity; The present study aims to investigate the factors affecting the cultural identity of Iranian students of virtual social networks. The research population is 385 students with high social networking (Facebook, Instagram and Telegram) students selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. Data collection tool is a researcher made questionnaire. Based on the findings, there is a significant relationship between the independent variables of presence and interaction, the type of network, the motivations for using the network, and the motivations of intercultural adaptation of students with the dependent variable of cultural identity. The results of path analysis indicate that the motivation to use the network with 0.71 of the path coefficient the most factor and the type of social network with 0.14 of the path coefficient has the least impact on cultural identity; according to the final model fitted in the components of cultural identity, According to the final model fitted in the components of cultural identity, the social system with 0.74 of the path coefficient relative to the language with 0.44 of the path coefficient has the most impact from independent variables. Based on the results, it is necessary to determine the needs and motivations of students in the field of prior to any policy-making, decision-making and future orientation in the field of social networks by policymakers and custodians Purposeful use of networks and in the field of intercultural adaptation.

Today, social networks provide a good opportunity for self-care. The aim of this study was to identify the impact and relationship of virtual social networks on userschr('39') self-care of COVID-19 and to achieve a structural equation modeling.

In the present descriptive-analytical study, the measuring instrument was an online questionnaire extracted from Orem’s  self-care model(2011) adapted based on the objectives of study. The study sample included 662 social network users (WhatsApp, Instagram, and Telegram users) in Hormozgan province; they were selected through convenience sampling. Modeling was carried out using SPSS and Amos software.

The results of the present research indicated a significant and direct relationship between the independent variables of “presence and interaction in the social networks” and “users’ orientation to the type of social network” with the dependent variable of “self-care towards COVID-19” (p< 0.0009). In addition, 45 percent of changes in self-care variable was covered by a set of social networking indices. The structural equation Modelling (SEM) showed that in the self-care variable, the dimension of psychological support with a standard coefficient of 0.99 had the highest effect, and the dimension of awareness and attention to the effects and results of COVID-19 with a standard coefficient of 0.95 had the lowest effect with regard to the variables of presence and interaction in the network and users’ orientation to the type of network.

Since social networks have been able to affect userschr('39') self-care, health officials and disease control and prevention centers can use the potential of social networks in self-care.

Educating pregnant women about the effects of smoking and its fetal risks can make it easier to quit smoking and consider health advice and practice self-care during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of educational intervention based on prescribing health information on the self-care ability of pregnant women who smoke.

This applied research was conducted using the quantitative (quasi-experimental) methodology with pre-test and post-test single group design. The study population consisted of all pregnant women who smoked and were referred to five gynecology hospitals in Tehran (Sarem, Mirza Koochak Khan, Hedayat, Akbarabadi, Arash) in 2019.133 subjects were selected by multi-stage clustering method. A researcher-made self-care ability questionnaire was used to collect the data after the determination of validity and reliability. Education was the intervention performed in this study and data were analyzed using SPSS software at a significance level of p˂0.05.

The mean age of women was 30.12± 1.11 years and the mean gestational age was 26.18 ±3.86 weeks. The mean score of total self-care ability of pregnant women who smoked before intervention was 45.68 while it was 133.47 after the intervention. The mean of self-care capacity after intervention in the subscales of specific knowledge about pregnancy care was 36.11, awareness and attention to the adverse effects of smoking on maternal and fetal health was 40.76, effective care practices was 29.89 and search for care services and cooperation with the treatment group reached 26.71 which indicated the positive effect of the intervention.

According to the results, health system must consider the education of pregnant women about the risks of smoking during pregnancy and the effects of quitting it on increasing their self-care capacity.

With the advent of the third millennium, human resource empowerment is now remembered as the sole factor in achieving success and sustainable competitive advantage. Despite the widespread use of human resource empowerment models, public libraries in the country still lack a comprehensive model in which the various concepts, dimensions, and components of human resource empowerment are clearly identified. The purpose of the present paper is to identify and quantify the dimensions of strategic excellence components of human resources empowerment of public libraries in the country to provide a suitable and functional model for the future.

In the present applied research, a questionnaire was used to collect data. The statistical sample was selected by purposeful method based on criteria including 56 experts in human management and information science. The survey was conducted in three stages and the results were refined. Expert Choice software version 11 and the fuzzy Delphi method are used to refine the components and dimensions.

The results showed the strategic excellence model for human resources empowerment of Iranian public libraries includes three dimensions and nineteen components. In this line, the strategic dimension has the most impact on staff empowerment and the structural dimension has the second priority as well as the individual dimension has the least impact on staff empowerment.

According to studies conducted in the literature study, so far no comprehensive study has been conducted on presenting a strategic model of human resource empowerment of public libraries in the country with an approach to the future. Therefore, the model presented in this study, as the first strategic human resource empowerment model of public libraries in the country, is capable of responding to its future human resource empowerment.

Authenticity in cultural landscapes integrates our identity with land, aboriginals, symbols, values and also aboriginals’ believe system. Public libraries are assumed to play an important role in preserving this authenticity. The purpose of this study was to test this presumption on the bases of viewpoints of central and local managers at Iran Public Libraries Organization.

This is a qualitative directed-content analysis. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with a sample consisting of senior and middle managers of Iran Public Libraries Organization bureaus in Tehran, Mazandaran and Bandar-Abbas provinces. The collected data were analyzed considering Andrews and Buggey's Authenticity in Aboriginal Cultural Landscapes theory.

Participants confirmed the authenticity in aboriginal cultural landscapes and also the public library role in safeguarding such authenticity. Of the grounded gatagories denoting the need of safeguarding authenticity in aboriginal cultural landscapes were the necessity of acknowledging aboriginal authors works, preserving historical cultural objects, holding local fairs and festivals, and recognizing crafters and donors of aboriginal artworks. Up to participants’ comments public libraries in Iran currently play no active and clear role in preserving indigenous cultural heritage. Treatment of the illness in the body of Iranian public librarires requires policymakers’ rapt attention.

This research invites attention to the inevitable integration of identity and indigenous knowledge into the land, and material and cultural heritage. Despite the inactive and inattentive public libraries role, appreciating authenticity in aboriginal cultural landscapes clears a passage through understanding and forms protective shield against current and future events.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality types and organizational commitment with job satisfaction among librarians.

In this cross-sectional study, all librarians of school libraries in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran, who were about 43, were enrolled using census method. </strong>Personality types, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction questionnaires were used to assess the variables studied in this research.

There was an inverse relationship between dimensions of personality type of neuroticism with organizational commitment and job satisfaction (P < 0.050). In other dimensions of personality type, there was direct relationship with organizational commitment and job satisfaction; but, only the correlation coefficient between the acceptability with job satisfaction (0.303) and accountability with organizational commitment (0.157) were significant (P < 0.05). Moreover, organizational commitment had a direct and significant relationship with job satisfaction (0.198) (P < 0.05).

 Paying more attention by organizations to the personality traits of individuals, and the development of an environment in which people feel more committed to the organization, can provide the groundwork for better performance of employee and, consequently, a higher degree of commitment to the organization.

The popularity of using social networks around the world is increasing; the desire of users, especially the student population, to join the networks is indicative of a satisfaction that has strengthened their incentive to use. Unfortunately, in Iran, the negative outlook for technology developments in the social networking sector has been far removed from the motivations of our audiences from the scientific recognition of such incentives. To this end, this study aimed to identify the motivations of students’using social networks sach as Facebook, Instagram and telegram. This applied research was carried out using qualitative methodology and methodology of content oriented analysis. Samples were selected on the basis of criteria from Tehran University students. In this research, 19 students with high social networking use of Facebook, Instagram and telegram was selected and semi-structured interview were conducted. The results of the analysis showed that the goal is to exploit space and network capacities. So that the use of these networks is not about being new or fashionable, but also on the motivation to meet the needs of users. Three motivations for communication and interaction with others, freedom of expression and self-declaration of social need, two motivations for finding information and informing, and curiosity of cognitive need and two motivations for recreation and recreation and loneliness of emotional need Take place.

Women experience many challenges post mastectomy. Information seeking plays a key role in empowering them to do self-care, improving their quality of life and improving their health. However, individual and contextual barriers hinder their access to needed information. This research aimed to identify those barriers.
This was a qualitative research using conventional content analysis. 17 women were recruited through purposive sampling in Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan Province, Iran, and semi-structured interviews were conducted among them.
Seven central themes were emerged to explain women's experiences of barriers in information seeking post mastectomy among which fear, shame, and inadequate literacy were individual; and economic status, physicians and healthcare personnel, lack of access to information resources and others’ behavior were contextual barriers.
Despite the necessity of access to health information for women post mastectomy, results showed individual and contextual information seeking barriers. Hence, necessary actions should be taken by health authorities especially institutions for women health to reform and revise heath system in order to tackle information seeking barriers for women post mastectomy.

Pain control is a health problem in the world. Painful procedures on neonates can lead to harmful effects in short and long terms; so, pain control using noninvasive methods such as music can be helpful. In this paper, the effects of music on the pain of infant heel blood sampling in Saveh, Iran was analyzed.
The current research was a clinical trial from the type of single blind and three groups. In this study, 175 infants aged 3-5 days who had the inclusion criteria of the research were considered. These infants were randomly assigned into three groups. For groups 1 and 2, the sound of heartbeat and lullaby songs were played for one minute before and during blood sampling, respectively. Next, the infants’ reactions were compared with the control group. For data gathering, a questionnaire was used to assess the pain of infants. The reliability and validity of the used questionnaire has been proven in various studies. Finally, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software.
The obtained results showed that the mean and standard deviation (SD) of the pain score in group 1 were 5.96 and 2.20 and in group 2 they were 4.80 and 2.53, respectively, while the mean and standard deviation of the pain level in the control group were 7.86 and 2.55, respectively. Therefore, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) on the means of the pain level showed that there was a significant difference between them at level 0.05. Also, the mean of the pain level in both groups 1 and 2 was less than the control group and there was a significant difference between the mean of pain level in groups 1 and 2 at level 0.05.
The results showed that both the sound of lullabies and heart beat affected positively on reducing pain during heel lance blood sampling. However, light and rhythmic music had better effects than the heartbeat sound.

using search engines is a way to retrieve information. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the recall and accuracy of general search engines, based on the system relevance and search logic.
This comparative study was done using three key words” scientometry”, “scientific production” and “citation analysis” which based on searched keywords in IranDoc are the most frequent during 1389-1393 in the field of information sciences. These keywords were searched in Google- Yahoo- Bing- Ask- AOI using Boolean search logic operation (AND), fuzzy logic (the short way) and vector model in English. According to search logic first 10 results per search engine were saved then the recall and accuracy were calculated.
Findings and In all three logic search Google had the highest level of accuracy and recall (accuracy: 0.833 ± 0. 20 and recall: 0.125 ±0.03) and Bing had the lowest levels (Accuracy: 0.277± 0.12 and recall: 0.41 ± 0.02), ASK was at the second level in all three methods and AOL and Bing had the weakest function in vector model and truncation respectively. Google with Boolean logic had the most and with truncation had the least relevant documents. ASK in the three search logic had a same level of relevancy, Yahoo with Boolean logic search had the lowest and with vector model had the highest number of relevant documents. Bing had the lowest relevant documents with truncation and eventually AOL was at the lowest operating level with vector model.

aim: this study is Comparative the performance of search engines and meta search engines in retrieval of information.

. In order to collect the data, five keywords in various fields of information science and universology were selected and five meta-search engines were investigated. Meta-search engines which were investigated in this study include: Meta crawler, web crawler, Info, Info Space and dog pile. Three search engines joint were also covered which are Google, Yahoo and Bing. the first ten retrieved results of each engine were examined. The performance of ranking results in meta search engines from the viewpoint of users were investigated by using technical method. Furthermore, the performance of ranking results in search engines from the viewpoint of users was evaluated.

The research results indicate that among the meta search engines, Info has the best performance in ranking results and evaluating with technical method. Also, Google search engines has the best performance in ranking results among the studied search engines, there is a significant difference in search engines and meta search engines in performance of ranking. But from the perspective of users, there is not a significant difference among ranking performance of results in the meta search engines. Moreover, there is not a significant difference among the studied search engines in performance of ranking results. From the viewpoint of users, performance of ranking was conducted better in search engines than in meta search engines, in a way that performance of ranking in meta search engines was at a weak level.

The main aim of Information storage and retrieval systems is keeping and retrieving the related information means providing the related documents with users’ needs or requests. This study aimed to answer this question that how much are the system relevance and User- Oriented relevance are matched in SID, SCI and Google Scholar databases.
In this study 15 keywords of the most repeated ones that were related to “Human Information Interaction” and its subheadings were selected and searched both in Persian and in English in the mentioned databases for two one week periods. The results were arranged according to the system relevance based on the retrieval and displaying order. From each search the first 10 results were selected and sent to the subject experts and asked them to rank from 1 to 10. Data were descriptively and analytically (using Spearman correlation test) analyzed by SPSS software.
Subject experts’ relevance score in Persian was lower in ISC than SID and higher than Google Scholar. The most subject relevant records were in the third score of system relevance. The records with the lowest system relevance score also had the lowest subject experts’ relevance score. SID in Persian had a strong and positive relation between the both scores but there was no relation in ISC. The highest matching level of the both scores was seen in SID in both languages on the both periods which means more likely to retrieve relevant records.
There is a similar retrieval pattern in both languages with subject expert’s view in SID showing the highest precision which was the lowest in Google scholar in Persian

Surgical incisions such as episiotomy are among common causes of pain. Herbs have a special place to promote the public health and reducing pain. This study aimed to determine the effect of aloevera gel on perineal pain and wound healing after episiotomy. This study was a randomized clinical trial. It included 84 women underwent episiotomy in 17 Shahrivar hospital in Saveh city. They were randomly assigned into two groups: Intervention group (receiving the aloevera gel) and control group (receiving Betadine sitz bath). Pain was assessed using VAS and wound healing was measured by REEDA standard tool 3 times; before intervention، 7th and 10th day after episiotomy. Data was analyzed by chi-square and independent t tests. Results showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of baseline pain and the appearance of the wound (P=0. 20 & P=0. 464 respectively). After intervention in 7th & 10th day، pain in the intervention group was lower than control group and the difference was significant (P=0. 04 & P=0. 001 respectively). Wound healing in the intervention group was more promoted than control group in 7th & 10th days and also their difference was significant (P=0. 02 & P=0. 018 respectively). Based on findings، Aloevera gel not only relieved the pain but also increased the rate of wound healing in episiotomy.

Competent human resources are the most vital asset available to organizations and empowerment is possible through a set of procedures designed to develop the employees'' capacity، so that they can direct the organization and the workforce towards productivity. Promoting librarians'' empowerment is an effective means of increasing productivity، and enabling the efficient use of both individual and collective capabilities to achieve library purposes. This study aims to examine the viewpoints of Mazandaran''s public librarians regarding whether a climate of empowerment in the workplace resulted in increased workplace enjoyment. In this study data was collected through the Modified Scott & Jaffe’s climate empowerment questionnaire. This consists of 38 items within 9 dimensions (clarity of purpose، morale، fairness، recognition، team-work، participation، communication، healthy environment and education) using the Likert scale. The research population includes all librarians working in public libraries in Mazandaran province. Data analysis was conducted using the t- Test، ANOVA and Levene tests. Findings Results showed that، in terms of gender and discipline there was no significant difference between librarians'' viewpoints regarding whether a climate of empowerment resulted in increased workplace enjoyment; however there was a significant difference between their viewpoints steming from their employment experience، organization position، education level، and type of employment. Results indicate that dimensions of «recognition» and «participation are significantly different in terms of work experience (P <0/01). The lowest average for the»recognition «dimension comes from librarians with less than 5 years’ work experience and for the dimension of» participation، the highest average comes from librarians with 5-15 years’ work experience The dimensions of «teamwork» and «education» have significant differences «in terms of job position (P <0/01) with the lowest average found in the»teamwork «dimension and the highest average in the» education «dimension; these figures were related to the deans of Mazandaran''s local departments of Public Libraries Foundation. Finally، there are significant differences between the» fairness «and the» appreciation«dimensions according to educational level (P <0/01) which for the»fairness «dimension، librarians with associate degree qualifications have the lowest average; for the» understanding and «appreciation» dimensions، librarians with bachelor degree qualifications have the highest average. Results also، showed that the level of empowerment within the public libraries of Mazandaran Province are considered to be moderate and that is necessary to pay attention to empowerment producing agents such as justice in payment، improvement of evaluation and reward systems، and meeting staff needs Originality/value: This study is a preliminary one to determine librarians'' perceptions regarding the empowerment climate of the workplace. Results may help managers and librarians of public libraries to implement a climate of empowerment at their workplace and to gain a good understanding of the values of this.

Due to the different functionalities of web 2.0 in the information age, offering integrated services and offering library and information services for meeting society information needs, necessitates knowledge and use of practical facilities of web 2.0. This study aimed to assess understanding and using Web 2.0 functionality of Iranian public librarians in the workplace. This is a survey-descriptive study; Population includes public librarians (32 provinces of Iran. According to a report by the Department of Human Resources of Iran Public Libraries Foundation, the numbers of librarians in public libraries by the end of 2011 were (4921). 357 librarians were selected by cluster sampling method. For data collection in this study, the researcher made questionnaire was used based on a review of the related literature and other researchers’ Web 2.0 tools. For answering the research questions and hypotheses of descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage) and inferential tests (one-group t test, ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test) was used. The results showed that Iranian public librarians Understanding and using Web 2.0 functionality was at low (44 percent) and as well as the use of library facilities and functionalities of Web 2.0 for getting service to library users were at low (48 percent). The most capabilities of Iranian public libraries were in using E-mail and blog and the least capabilities were in using of flicker and Wiki. The rate of use of Web 2.0 of public librarians in the work was low. Retraining courses, in-service training while serving with the web, encouraging librarians to understand the web and its application in library services are required to be studied. This study can be considered as a new research aspect, specifically has considered Understanding and using Web 2.0 functionality of Iranian public librarians in the workplace.The results of the survey can help managers and librarians for efficient use of these facilities in the workplace.

training internship period has a fundamental role in forming basic skills and professional abilities of nursing students. Training in emergency unit is more important than other units. The goal of this study was to explore the nursing students'' training experiences in emergency wards. this is a qualitative-research study in which 12 nursing students involved in. students’ experiences which had been collected using in-depth face to face interviews and written narratives methods، were analyzed using conventional content analysis. since a huge number of primary themes were obtained by analyzing the narratives، they were summarized into five main themes including، an opportunity for gaining more clinical skills، confidence as a way of staff- students relationship، promoting practical self-efficacy along with continuous stress، training experience in a turbulent situation، and paradoxical experiences in educational reality. although there are clear strengths in emergency unit training، there are some weaknesses as well، that can be eliminated by more clarification، employing proficient instructors and further educational supervision.

Critical thinking is an essential part of nursing care, and developing critical thinking skills in nursing education is a priority. So, this research is to assess the effect of clinical evaluation with portfolio method on critical thinking skills of nursing students. Fifth semester nursing students of Nursing and Midwifery school in Tehran University of Medical Sciences participated in this quasi experimental research. These students were randomly divided into two groups of clinical evaluation through portfolio and routine methods. Both groups filled the Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal Questionnaire at the beginning and end of clinical course. Data were analyzed by Fisher, Mann Whitney U, Wilcoxon, and Spearman tests. Results showed that all aspects of critical thinking skills had been improved in both groups. Statistically, comparing before- and after- course scores, skills advancement just in total score (p=0.005), and diagnosing propositions (p=0.002) and evaluation of reasons (p=0.015) in routine group were significant. Wilcoxon test results showed that total scores of critical thinking before and after intervention for each student in routine group were significantly different (p=0.005). But, the total score of critical thinking test in portfolio group showed no significant difference before and after intervention(p=0.303). Although, total test scores were more in portfolio group compared to routine group after intervention, Mann Whitney U test showed no significant difference (p=0.628). According to the findings, it can be concluded that although critical thinking scores increased in both groups after intervention, promotion of critical thinking was less in portfolio group compared to the routine group. Since previous researches have shown portfolios to improve critical thinking, more researches are recommended to be conducted to evaluate their clinical function in nursing education.

The present study was performed to determine the attitudes of Mazandaran Province public librarians towards the structural and behavior barriers of participative management. In this study, the data was collected by questionnaire. The society was all of the Mazandaran province public librarians. Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test were used for of the hypothesis and Wallis and Friedman tests was used for answering the questions. The present study indicates that there is significant relationship between the attitudes of the public librarians towards the participative management, considering the sex, experiences, organizational position level of education and study field. Also Friedman test showed that lack of official ranking in accordance with the mean level of 4.92 as the first priority and as a main structural barrier in executing the participative management in the public libraries, and use of wrong procedures and wrong individual instructions with mean level of 4.82 as the first priority and as one of the main behavior barrier in performing the participative management. The present study considers special attention to the public librarians and the results of the survey could help the managers, and library administrators and the librarians in successful performing of the participative management and releasing the barriers.

Clinical evaluation is one of the important factors in nursing education, and there are some difficulties in evaluation of clinical skills, representing more practical and effective ways in this field is the topic of many researches. So, in this research we designed a lesson plan based on portfolio evaluation method and used it in nurse student's clinical courses. Then we compared their satisfaction from clinical evaluation with popular method. In this experimental research, students in fifth semester of nursing at Tehran University of Nursing and Midwifery are participated. These students were divided into subgroups of 7 and 8. Each of these subgroups passed the clinical probationary in cardiac unit. After explaining the research goals, these subgroups were put in two research groups randomly. In portfolio group (n=21) students evaluated by using portfolio method and portfolio evaluation tool. And in other group (n=20), popular form of clinical evaluation in university was used. Both groups answered the satisfaction questionnaire in last day. Content validity and reliability of questionnair was tested. Data analyzed by SPSS software and with Chi square, Fisher Exact, Mann Whitney, Wilcoxon and spearman's rho tests. Findings showed that students had 21.5±1.36 years of old and most of them was female and married. Satisfaction in portfolio group was meaningfully greater than popular group in three aspects: alignment of subjects in evaluation method and form with clinical course objects (P=0.04), creating interest and motivation for participation of students in learning (P=0.005), motivating students to use books and other scientific references (P=0.01). Satisfaction of popular group from fairness of evaluation method was greater than portfolio group (P=0.017). There was no meaningful results in other aspects. More satisfaction in some aspects from portfolio method represents acceptance of new active methods of learning and evaluation by students. so, using portfolio as one of the best method of clinical evaluation in nursing and doing more researches advised.