منصور سودانی

Adolescence, as an important growth period and accompanied by all-round changes, can be associated with many problems. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of developing "Education Based on Psychological Empowerment" and its effectiveness on academic hope and acceptance and action of adolescents.

The current research consists of 2 parts in terms of method. The first part was to design the educational intervention and the second part was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up plan with the control group. The statistical population of the present study included all the male students of the first secondary level in the first district of Ahvaz city in the academic year of 2023-2024. Among them, 40 people were selected by the convenience non-random sampling method and were replaced by a simple random method using lottery in the intervention group (20 people) and the control group (20 people). The research tools included demographic questionnaire, "Academic Hope Scale" and "Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II". The content validity of the instruments was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha. After conducting 10 sessions of "Education Based on Psychological Empowerment" for the intervention group, the data were analyzed in SPSS .23.

The findings showed a significant difference between the performance of the intervention and control groups in the score academic hope and acceptance and action in the post-test and follow-up phase (P<0.001).

"Education Based on Psychological Empowerment" is an effective training to increase the academic hope and acceptance and action of adolescents. Therefore, the implementation of such education sessions for adolescents is recommended by education officials, counseling centers and managers of all organizations related to adolescents.

The purpose of this research is to provide a model of school counseling services based on the conditions and implications of the grounded theory to help school counselors use appropriate services for the integrated development of students.

The research method was a qualitative research that was conducted using the grounded theory approach. Semi-structured interviews and the translation of authentic school counseling documents were used in this study to collect data. Eight professional school counselors with doctoral degrees in counseling, who worked in schools as a school counselor for more than 10 years, and many of whom teach at universities, participated in this study.

The findings of this research are based on the field of grounded theory, including concepts of the factors and consequences of school counseling services. These concepts include: developmental needs of students, professional competence of school counselors, necessity of family awareness, cultural context, family lifestyle, education policy, entrance exam phenomenon, psychiatrists and drug prescription, therapeutic attitude instead of preventive attitude, non-governmental institutions and schools, student standards, and counselor standards.

The findings of the research showed that the provision of school counseling services should be based on the developmental needs of students, the cultural context and lifestyle of families should be considered, school counselors should have the necessary standards to provide services, and finally, direct and indirect counseling services. The school should be provided in a specialized manner and in a regular framework to facilitate the integrated growth of students.

This study compares emotion-oriented schema therapy and transactional analysis's effectiveness in addressing marital conflict communication beliefs, aiming to improve effectiveness and reduce recovery time.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method is semi-experimental, with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up stage. The statistical population of this research consisted of all couples who referred to Abadan counseling centers and Abadan judicial service offices in 2022. The statistical sample consisted of 30 couples who were randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group based on the criteria for entering the research. The research tool was Eidelson and Epstein (1982) Communication Beliefs Questionnaire. Research protocols included emotional schema therapy written by Leahy, Tirch and Napolitano (2011) and interactional behavior analysis by Eric Byrne (2011). Multivariate covariance analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test were performed using SPSS version 26 statistical software at a significance level of 0.05 for data analysis.

The findings show that in the groups of emotion-oriented schema therapy and transactional analysis, there is a significant difference in all variable components of communication beliefs in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up phases (p≤0.05), but There is no significant difference in between the post-test and follow-up (p≥0.05). Also, there is no significant difference between the two experimental groups in the post-tests and follow-up group comparison (p≥0.05); But there is a significant difference between the control group and the two experimental groups (p<0.05).

According to the results of the research, it can be said that both treatments are effective on the variable of communication beliefs and its components in couples with marital conflict.

It is very important to implement psychological treatments to reduce anxiety and addiction to mobile phone. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of "Solution Focused Therapy" on anxiety and addiction to mobile phone in male students.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design of 2 months with a control group. The statistical population included all male students of the first secondary level of Borujerd city in the academic year of 2022-2023. Among them, 30 people were selected by the convenience non-random sampling method and were replaced in 2 intervention groups (15 people) and control (15 people) in a simple random way using lottery. The research instruments included demographic questionnaire, "Mobile Phone Addiction Questionnaire" and "Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale". Content validity of instruments was measured by qualitative method and reliability by internal consistency method by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After 8 sessions of "Solution Focused Therapy" for the intervention group, the data were analyzed in SPSS.22.

"Solution Focused Therapy” over time has been effective in reducing anxiety (P=0.01, F=99.86) and mobile phone addiction (P=0.01, F=216.13) in male students. 

“Solution Focused Therapy” was effective in reducing anxiety and addiction to mobile phones in male students. It is suggested that in order to reduce anxiety and mobile phone addiction, training courses on the above therapy should be held for students.

Addiction negatively impacts a person's life, and due to its chronic nature, relapses are common. Therefore, it is essential to cultivate positive and constructive characteristics that enhance the resilience of individuals in recovery. Character strengths, a concept emerging from positive psychology, can contribute to empowering recovered addicts. The purpose of this study was to develop a character strengths-based intervention program for recovered addicts and to assess its effectiveness on experiential avoidance, happiness, and marital intimacy.

The study was conducted in two parts. The first part focused on the development and validation of the character strengths-based intervention through several stages. The second part employed a multiple baseline design to evaluate the intervention's effectiveness. The study population comprised recovered addicts in Ahvaz, Iran. Five individuals who had recovered from opioid addiction and five who had recovered from stimulant addiction were selected through a voluntary sampling method. Participants completed an experiential avoidance questionnaire, the Happiness Inventory, and an Intimacy Scale. Data were analyzed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR), Content Validity Index (CVI), Reliable Change Index (RCI), percentage improvement, Conservative Dual Criterion (CDC), and six criteria for evaluating effectiveness.

The character strengths-based intervention was found to be valid and significantly reduced experiential avoidance while increasing happiness and marital intimacy among recovered addicts (P> 0.01).

These findings have important implications for family and rehabilitation counselors. This intervention can be an effective tool for empowering recovered addicts.

Job stress develops from interactions, job tasks, and heightened stressors and lead to burnout, increasing absenteeism, health problems, and turnover. Individuals who are high in trait mindfulness are less stressed at work, better adjusted, and healthier. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction training on Job stress and Assertiveness among employed women. This study was a experimental study with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was the employed women in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2022, out of which 30 people were selected by voluntary sampling method and randomly placed into two equal groups. The experimental group was trained 8 sessions of 90 minutes (one sessions per week) with mindfulness-based stress reduction method, and the control group was placed on the waiting list for training. Data were collected by Parker and Davis job stress questionnaire, Gambrill and Richey assertiveness Scale, and analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Finding showed a significant difference between performance of both experimental and control groups in the scores of Job stress and Assertiveness in post-test stages (p < 0/001). Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that training program of mindfulness-based stress reduction is effective in reduce Job stress and increasing Assertiveness among employed women. Regarding the effectiveness of training, implementation of such educational programs by Managers of organizations and other family therapists is recommended.

 Domestic violence occurs in different ways in families. Parent abuse is a type of psychological, physical, or financial violence practiced by children against their parents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of parent abuse in high school boy students during the coronavirus pandemic.

The research method was descriptive-cross-sectional. The statistical population was all mothers of high school boy students in Khuzestan, Iran, in the academic year 2020-2021, of which 676 were selected by multistage cluster sampling. In this study, the Parent Abuse Scale (boy version) and demographic inventory were used. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, and percentage) and t-test using SPSS software (version 22).

The findings of this study showed that the prevalence of physical abuse is 6.2%, emotional abuse 5%, financial abuse 11.4% and parental abuse in Corona epidemics is 4.1%. In addition, the findings of this study compared to the studies before the Corona outbreak showed that the prevalence of parental abuse of high school boy students in Khuzestan province was lower in the context of the coronavirus epidemic.

Despite the fact that the number of parental abuses in Iranian society is significant, the rate of parental abuse in high school boy students during the Coronavirus in Khuzestan showed no increase. It is suggested to investigate strategies that have created and maintained positive interactions in the family.

Reducing depression based on mindfulness is a group program that is done with an Islamic approach based on verses and hadiths. Many studies have examined the effectiveness of mindfulness in various fields, but the main question is whether mindfulness training based on verses and hadiths is effective in reducing depression The present study aimed to investigate the effect of mindfulness training based on verses and hadiths on reducing students' depression.
This research was evaluated by quasi-experimental research method through pre-test and post-test and follow-up test with two groups, experimental and control. The statistical population of the study included all female high school students in Khorramabad in the academic year 1300-1400 and 50 people were selected as a statistical sample by random sampling method and randomly in two experimental groups and Witnesses were placed and evaluated in three stages: pre-test, post-test and follow-up. Beck Depression Inventory was used to collect data.. The intervention method was 8 sessions of mindfulness training based on verses and hadiths. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
The results of this study showed that mindfulness based on verses and narrations reduced the depression of students in the experimental group and this effect continued until the follow-up stage (p <0.01)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on anxiety and resilience in boy students with mobile phone addiction. The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a follow-up period of two months. The statistical population included all male students of the first secondary level of Borujerd city in the academic year of 2022-2023. Among them, 30 students were selected by purposive sampling and were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group underwent mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for two months. To collect data, the Mobile Phone Addiction Questionnaire (Savari, 2013), the Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS; Reynolds & Richmond, 1978), and the Resilience Scale (CD-RISC; Connor & Davidson, 2003) were used. became. Data analysis was done using repeated measurement variance analysis. The findings showed that the anxiety score in the intervention group decreased from the pre-test to the follow-up (P<0.05), but on the other hand, the resilience score increased from the pre-test to the follow-up (P<0.05). It can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has led to a decrease in anxiety and an increase in resilience in adolescents.

Marital satisfaction is related to some psychological variables, including attachment behaviors; Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of attachment behaviors on women's marital satisfaction with the mediating role of online surveillance.

Methods and Materials: 

The design of the current research is a correlation design of the structural equation modeling type, which was a multivariate correlation method. The statistical population in this research was all married women in Khuzestan province whose husbands used social networks. Using the non-discriminatory snowball sampling method, 350 married women with electronic literacy and familiar with using social networks were selected. Subjects responded to the scale of the modified version of the attachment behavior scale of Sandberg et al. 2012, the online surveillance scale of the modified version of Ellison 2007 and the marital satisfaction scale. SPSS version 27 statistical software and structural equation modeling using Amos version 24 software were used to evaluate the proposed model.

The results of the findings showed that the direct effect of attachment behaviors on online marital supervision and the direct effect of online marital supervision on marital satisfaction is significant p<0.05. Also, the direct effect of attachment behaviors on marital satisfaction is significant p<0.05. The indirect effect of attachment behaviors on marital satisfaction through online surveillance is also significant p<0.05. Considering the significance of the effect of attachment behaviors on marital satisfaction in the model, it should be said that online surveillance plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between attachment behaviors and marital satisfaction.

According to the findings obtained from the present research, it can be said that attachment behaviors through online surveillance have an effect on the marital satisfaction of married women.

The purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of emotion regulation training and compassion-based therapy on psychological symptoms and risky behavior in working children.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design and control group. The statistical population of this research consisted of all the working children of Ahvaz city in 1400, and to collect data, 45 of the children were selected using a screening interview. They were selected in a purposeful way and after matching based on demographic characteristics in pairs and individuals and randomly assigned to 3 groups of 15 people, (experimental group with emotion regulation training (15 people), experimental group with compassion-based therapy) (15 people) and a control group (15 people) were assigned. At first, all participants completed the depression-anxiety-tension scale (Lavibond and Lavibond, 1995) and the risk-taking scale of Iranian adolescents (Zademohammadi et al., 2019), then the subjects The experimental groups were trained in emotion regulation and compassion-based therapy, while the subjects in the control group did not receive any intervention. After the interventions, all subjects completed the research questionnaires. To analyze the data, multivariate analysis of covariance and univariate analysis were used.

The results showed that emotion regulation training and compassion-based therapy are effective on psychological symptoms and risky behavior (p≥0.05) and as a result of these interventions can reduce psychological symptoms and behavior. Risky work in children. In addition, the results of follow-up tests showed that emotion regulation training had a greater effect on reducing risky behavior in working children compared to compassion-based treatment (p≥0.05).

It seems that both have the same effect on research variables; Although it has had a more lasting effect in the follow-up phase of emotion regulation training

The purpose of the current investigation was to ascertain the actual experiences of mothers who had applied sex education for their teenage sons and daughter. The research method was fundamental in terms of objective, whereas it was phenomenological in terms of strategy. In 2021, the research community at the Payame Noor University branch in Khouzestan comprised all females who had adolescent children. The researcher initiated the sampling procedure by selecting these mothers until all available information was exhausted. A total of 18 mothers participated in semi-structured interviews. The Colaizzi method was applied to the data of this study, which produced one main theme and four subthemes. The findings showed that the mothers tried to prevent or control the harms of puberty through various strategies, including limiting the adolescent’s sexual stimulation and curiosity, managing social communication, enhancing the parent-adolescent relationship, engaging in conversations with the adolescent to educate them about the risks associated with puberty, and managing social communication. These approaches predominated over others and were centered around adolescent-centered care and abstinence. Therefore, it would appear that professionals could benefit from an understanding of how parents handle the sexual concerns of their adolescents in order to develop more effective methods of educating them on the subject.

This study aimed to investigate the experience of spouse selection in children of divorce.

The present study was a qualitative phenomenological type. The present study's statistical population included 6 women and 4 men who wanted to divorce and had experienced the divorce of their parents in Kermanshah in 2022. The participants were selected by the available sampling method and the sampling continued until data saturation. The data were first recorded and coded to analyze the data, and then they were analyzed using the thematic analysis method.

The results of the research included 6 main themes and 19 sub-themes of the participants' experiences. The sub-themes included negative social attitude, problems of not being distinguished from the family, psychological problems, communication problems with the spouse and the spouse's family, feeling valuable as a person different from the parents, and adapting and building a life different from the parents.

The results of the research showed that the children of divorce have negative experiences during the formation of life and marriage, which can lead to wrong choices or incompatibility and mental health problems in them. On the other hand, they also have positive experiences that make them learn from their parent's mistakes and seek education and counseling services to improve their marital life satisfaction and lead a better life than their parents.

This study aimed to investigate the lived experiences of divorced women in adjusting to divorce. The qualitative research method of phenomenology was used in this study. The statistical population included divorced women in Shiraz in 2019-2020. Purposive sampling was used to select the participants. Finally, ten divorced women were selected using semi-structured interviews and theoretical saturation. All interviews were recorded and analyzed using the thematic analysis method. The results of the qualitative data analysis revealed the main themes and 12 sub-themes. The main themes were 1) family as an effective source in achieving adjustment, 2) individual resilience, and 3) social resilience. The theme of family as an effective source in achieving adjustment included the two sub-themes: emotional support, material support, and the individual resilience theme comprised the five sub-themes of mourning, spirituality, accepting divorce, moving towards excellence, and controlling emotions. The theme of social growth included the three sub-themes of social communication management, economic stability, and job consolidation. The findings of this study indicate the need for thorough attention to the issues of divorced women after divorce and effective measures to empower them to achieve post-divorce adjustment.

Research has shown that marital satisfaction that is formed after marriage makes the family last and stable; therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of morbid jealousy and self-efficacy in using social networks on women's marital trust, with the role of online monitoring as a mediator.

The design of the current research is a correlation design of the structural equation modeling (SEM) type, which is a multivariate correlation method. The statistical population in this research was all married women in Khuzestan whose husbands use social networks. Using the non-discriminatory snowball sampling method, 350 married women with electronic literacy and familiar with using social networks were selected. Subjects responded to the revised version of the Facebook Morbid Jealousy Scale by Moyes et al. (2009), the self-efficacy scale of Chan (2022), the online monitoring scale of the modified version of Ellison (2007) and the marital trust scale of Rempel and Holmes (1986). SPSS/23 statistical software and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using AMOS/23 software were used to evaluate the proposed model.

The results showed that the indirect effect of morbid jealousy and self-efficacy on marital trust through online monitoring was significant -0.124 and 0.04, respectively. (P≤0.001).

Based on the results, it can be said that self-efficacy and morbid jealousy in the use of social networks affect marital trust through online monitoring.

Nowadays, marital enrichment programs have been applied extensively as a preventive intervention to enhance the relationship between couples. However; studies indicate that marital virtue is an effective factor in the relationship between couples and has a lot in common with other marital outcomes, they have been neglected in marital enrichment programs and studies. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of Emotional- focused Marital Enrichment Program on marital virtues enhancement in couples. Based on the single-case research method, three couples were selected from the couples of Izeh city by available sampling method. To collect research data, the Marital Virtues Profile was used. Here, single-case experimental of simultaneous multiple baselines was applied and subjects answered to the Marital Virtue Profile before (2 sessions), during (3 sessions), and during two follow-up sessions in 30 and 40 days. Data were analyzed via visual, improvement percentage, and Reliable Change Index. The results suggest that the emotion-focused enrichment on Improvement of marital virtues Admiration for male participants 1, female 1 and 2, understanding for all three male participants and female participants 2 and 3, sacrifice for all three male participants and for female 1 and 2, justice for all three female participants and forgiveness for male participants 1 and 3 and all three female participants was successful. As a result, it seems that the emotion-oriented marriage enrichment program is effective on improving the marital virtues of couples.

Family as a dynamic system embraces a number of subsystems, the most important of which is spouse subsystem. Couple’s ability in marital self-regulation is a significant factor determining the quality of their interactions. Marital self-regulation refers to the ability of couples to change their beliefs, emotions, and behaviors. It has two dimensions: communication regulation and communication effort. The ability of adapting needs, preferences, and expectations to spouse determines the ability of couples in marital self-regulation. Another determining factor governing couples’ relationship is emotional distress tolerance. According to Simons and Gaher (2005), distress tolerance consists of four aspects of tolerance, appraisal, absorption, and regulation. Distress tolerance is defined as the ability of experiencing and tolerating negative and stressful internal and environmental discomforts. Tavares and Aassve (2013) showed that low distress tolerance is related to poor marital relationship and is a factor of failure in marriage. Solution-focused approach has been taken by some therapists for a variety of family therapies, people with mental disabilities, domestic violence, people with substance abuse disorders, marital intimacy, and sexual disorders. This approach has been proved to be effective.  Since couples’ inability to tolerate marital distress and self-regulation causes disturbed marital interactions, this study was conducted to answer the following question: Does the effect of short-term solution-focused couples therapy on couples’ increasing marital self-regulation and emotional distress tolerance and its components last to the one-month follow-up stage?

This semi-experimental study used a pre-test, post-test, follow-up design. The statistical population includes all couples who visited private and government counseling centers in Ilam city in 2021. Purposive sampling method was used and participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, from among 25 volunteered couples (50 people), 12 couples (6 couples for experimental group and 6 couples for the control group, totally 24 people) were selected. Moreover, the treatment was conducted in 36 sessions, 90 minutes every session (6 sessions for each couple).Marital Self-regulation Questionnaire and Distress Tolerance Scale were used as the instruments of the study.  Marital self-regulation questionnaire (behavioral self-regulation for effective relationships scale) was developed by Wilson et al. (2005). This questionnaire consists of 16 items that evaluate communication regulation and communication effort. The Distress Tolerance Scale is a 15-item self-report measure of emotional distress tolerance developed by Simons and Gaher (2005). This questionnaire consists of four subscales of tolerance, appraisal, absorption, and regulation. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (ANCOVA).

The results of univariate covariance analysis for the post-test scores of marital self-regulation components showed that F for communication regulation is 381.374 (p<0.001) and communication effort is 248.74 (p<0.001). These results show that there is a significant difference between experimental and control groups regarding communication effort and communication regulation among couples in the post-test stage, and short-term solution-focused treatment improves couples’ communication effort and communication regulation. Moreover, F ratio of univariate covariance analysis for communication self-regulation (F=442.521 and p<0.001) and communication effort (F=779.855 and p<0.001) indicates the persistence of the effectiveness of this treatment until follow-up stage. The results of univariate covariance analysis on post-test scores of distress tolerance components for couples show that F ratio for tolerance is 8.262 (p<0.001), for absorption is 280.05 (p<0.001), for appraisal is 230.37 (p<0.001), and for regulation is 0.800 (p=0.383). The results of univariate covariance analysis on follow-up scores of distress tolerance components show that F ratio for tolerance is 622.403 (p<0.001), for absorption is 753.943 (p<0.001), for appraisal is 237.887 (p<0.001), and for regulation is 0.047 (p=0.831), which show the persistence of the effectiveness of the treatment until the follow-up stage.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of short-term solution-focused couple therapy on improving couples’ marital self-regulation and distress tolerance and their components. The results showed that this treatment had a significant impact on improving the aspects of couples’ marital self-regulation and tolerating general distress, and this impact lasts until the follow-up stage. But the effectiveness of this treatment was not confirmed for couples’ emotion regulation regarding distress tolerance. One can say that, through adopting a positive position and focusing on the present and future, solution-focused treatment can creates hope in couples. This therapy endeavors to guide couples towards a more compatible life by focusing on and identifying couples’ internal and external capabilities.

Single women as a result of divorce or the death of their husbands are in a twilight or ambiguity region in Eastern cultures, so that they are not condemned as much as other respected women such as divorce and do not have the right to a normal life like other women. Now, if this group of women is in a situation of remarriage, they will experience more serious challenges, and these challenges will be more serious when the children are also in the process of remarriage. In this study, the qualitative study of adolescents' compatibility with remarriage of mothers in Ahvaz was studied.

This research was conducted using a qualitative method with schematic analysis and theoretical sampling. The statistical population of this study was all adolescents with remarried mothers, of whom 10 adolescents were interviewed. The seven-step method and the MAXQDA software version 2020 were used to analyze the interview data.

The results of the analysis of the 187 primary codes were the seven main themes of psychological well-being, emotional support, emotional experiences, attitude to marriage, economic well-being, interpersonal relationships and acceptance of divorce, and eighteen sub-themes on compatibility with parent remarriage.

The reasons for incompatibility with maternal marriage in adolescents are in a wide range of psychological, social, personal, social, etc. factors that should be considered and considered in prevention programs. There seems to be an interactive pattern between the reasons for incompatibility or adaptation to remarriage of mothers. Further study to discover the bas

In recent years, with the appearance of new lifestyles, the family has been subjected to various disturbances. The increasing collapse of marital ties has become one of the devastating challenges of family life in our country. Attitudes towards infidelity can play a significant role in couples' tendency toward marital infidelity and divorce. Marital infidelity potentially disrupts couples' relationships and causes numerous disorders and psychological problems between individuals. Marital infidelity potentially disrupts couples' relationships and causes multiple disorders and psychological problems between individuals. Accordingly, appropriate interventions to reduce its negative effects seem very important. Thus, this study aimed to compare the impact of solution–focused therapy (SFT) and emotionally–focused therapy (EFT) on attitudes toward marital infidelity in married.

The present quasi–experimental study has a single–subject in a multiple baseline design. The statistical population included all couples referred to counseling centers in Bushehr City, Iran, in 2019. From this population, 8 couples (16 men and women in total) entered the study by voluntary sampling method, and couples were randomly assigned to two gorups: solution–focused therapy (4 couples) and emotionally–focused therapy (4 couples). The inclusion criteria were as follows: having a positive attitude towards marital infidelity based on the Attitudes Toward Infidelity Scale (ATIS) (Whatley, 2008) obtaining a score higher than 48, lacking a mental disorder confirmed by a clinical psychologist through an interview, lacking drug or alcohol addiction, no personality disorders, holding at least a diploma, being at least 20 years and at most 40 years old, living at least 3 years and at most 10 years of cohabitation at the time of research. The exclusion criteria were as follows: unwillingness to cooperate, not doing homework, participating in other programs simultaneously, and not participating in treatment sessions. Eight solution–focused therapy based and 10 emotionally–focused therapy sessions were each held for 90 minutes for both treatment groups. The data collection tool was the Attitudes Toward Infidelity Scale (ATIS) (Whatley, 2008). For statistical analysis of data and scores obtained from evaluations in three stages of baseline, treatment, and a two–month follow–up, the visual drawing method, reliable change index (RCI), and recovery percentage formula were used.

The decreasing trend of marital infidelity attitude scores in the follow–up stage compared to the early stages and treatment in both groups showed the effectiveness of solution–focused therapy and emotionally–focused therapy on the marital infidelity attitude of the studied individuals. The results also showed that emotionally–focused therapy, with 38.12%, was more successful in reducing attitudes toward marital infidelity than solution–focused therapy, with 23.22%.

Based on the study findings, solution–focused and emotionally–focused therapies reduced attitudes toward marital infidelity in married individuals. However, emotionally–focused therapy was more successful in lowering attitudes toward marital infidelity in married people than solution–focused therapy.

Addiction is one of the most important problems of human society. The problem has emerged as pervasive and endangered millions of people's lives. Every year, governments spend large national capital to combat this ominous phenomenon. Anxiety, depression, and maladaptive schemas formed in childhood are cited as important and influential factors in the development and continuance of drug use. Research has shown that people suffering from mental disorders such as anxiety and mood disorders are more likely to get addicted than the general population. Also, drug addicts suffer more from mood disorders and anxiety than the general population. One of the effective psychological treatments to adjust cognitive, emotional, emotional, and behavioral experiences in drug abusers is schema therapy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of schema therapy on the life quality and anxiety of recovered addicts using methadone referring to addiction treatment centers in Ahvaz City, Iran.

The present study was conducted by quasi–experimental method with a pretest–posttest and follow–up design employing a control group. The statistical population included all drug users referred to welfare–related medical centers in Ahvaz from March 2020 to March 2021. For the present study, one center was chosen with 40 individuals. They were randomly selected and assigned to the experimental and control (each group=20). The inclusion criteria included male individuals aged 20 to 50 years who had not participated in other psychological treatments without obvious physical and mental illness. The exclusion criteria were individuals who failed to cooperate in any research stages or did not attend the training sessions. The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL–BREF) Questionnaire (1996) brief form and Four Systems Anxiety Questionnaire (FSAQ) (Koksal & Power, 1990) were used to collect data. The experimental group received 12 sessions (each lasting 95 minutes) of schema therapy, and the control group continued drug therapy without psychological intervention according to the center's routine. In the current research, data analysis was done using SPSS version 22 software in descriptive and inferential statistics. At the level of descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation were used. Then, multivariate and univariate analyses of covariance tests were used to analyze the data at a significance level of 0.05.

The multivariate covariance analysis indicated that schema therapy significantly affected at least one of the variables of quality of life and anxiety in the experimental group (p<0.01). The eta coefficient was 0.91. The results of univariate covariance analysis indicated that, after removing the effect of the pretest, the differences between the experimental group and the control group were significant in the quality of life (p<0.001) and anxiety (p<0.001) variables in the posttest. Schema therapy (independent variable) contributed 90% to increasing the quality of life and 92% to reducing anxiety.

Schematic therapy increases the quality of life and reduces the anxiety of recovering addicts using methadone in Ahvaz, and this treatment can be used in addiction treatment centers.

 The COVID–19 epidemic and its resulting restrictions created challenging conditions for all human societies. One of the research areas has been the effect of the COVID–19 pandemic on the emotional relationships of couples. Quarantine situation, distancing and limitation of social relationships, economic problems, and demanding responsibilities at home and family caused stresses, extending over all extramarital areas to the interpersonal space of couples. However, the emotional relationships of spouses in general and marital love in particular have a fantastic potential to motivate couples to deal with problems positively, provide strong support, and develop dyadic strategies to counteract crises. Love of couples in the era of COVID–19 is a transformer and transformable phenomenon, creating an evolution in couples' responses to the crisis. This research aims to study the evolution of love in the COVID–19 era based on the lived experience of couples with enduring marriages.

 The current research was conducted in 2023 and employed a qualitative approach. Focusing on the participants' lived experiences, we used the interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) method to analyze the study data. The statistical population included couples with stable marriages and experienced love in their married life. Sampling was done in a purposeful way and with the snowball method. The adequacy of the sample size was achieved based on the theoretical saturation criterion from interviews with 15 couples. Each research unit included a couple (husband and wife). We employed in–depth semi–structured interviews to access the couples' experiences and collect data. The interviews for each couple consisted of two individual sessions and one joint couple session, held in virtual or physical space between 60 and 90 minutes. A written consent form was taken from the couples to record the sessions. After the interview, it was transcribed, and open identifiers were extracted. In the next step, all the available identifiers were placed in conceptually similar classes under the title of primary concepts. Then, sub–themes emerged by classifying primary concepts under general and abstract classes. In the final stage, the research themes were obtained by categorizing the sub–themes based on a systematic pattern. The research was validated based on the reliability criteria of Lincoln and Guba (1985) with five components: credibility, transferability, dependability, confirmability, and inferential adequacy.

 The findings of this research consisted of 280 open identifiers, 81 primary concepts, 11 sub–themes, and 3 themes. The discovered sub–themes included being together, inclusive care, self–sacrifice, sexual relationship rearrangement, adjustment of individuality–intimacy, mutual responsibility, cooperation and sharing, management of emerging conflicts, dyadic cohesion, creativity, and flexibility, and making marital purposeful. In the final stage of this process, 3 main themes were obtained: expansion of intimacy, evolution of interactive strategies, and dyadic adaptation and coping. In the data analysis process, two dimensions of couples' experiences emerged: internal experiences and relational experiences.

 During the COVID–19 era, the experience of love in the lives of couples with a history of romantic relationships was continuously and positively circled, encompassing the effects of romantic emotions on coping with the crisis and the effects of couples' dyadic coping on the expansion of romantic emotions. These experiences show the evolution of love in dealing with the challenge of the COVID–19 disease and the value of romantic investments in crisis management.

One of the important issues of family and married life that can affect the future of children is the issue of parents' divorce. In this regard, the main goal of the present study was to analyze the lived experience of secondary school students of mothers' remarriage, emphasizing the education of their children. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of implementation method. The study population consisted of second grade male high school students in Ahvaz in the academic year 2020-2021, in which 16 people were purposefully selected based on theoretical saturation method. The research tool was semi-structured interviews. To validate the findings, the coding process was first reviewed by experts (face validity). The researcher also re-examined the coding process. Reliability was also obtained with a coding agreement coefficient performed by two coders. The content analysis method in MAXQDA software version 2020 was used for data analysis. The results showed that five central themes including (emotional support, emotional experiences, economic well-being, interpersonal relationships and acceptance of divorce) were identified for the issue of mothers' remarriage and its various effects on children's education. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that the mother's remarriage can have an impact on the child's life. These effects are more visible with negative effects such as the child's emotional problems, academic weakness and reluctance in academic activities.

 Family formation begins with the union of a man and a woman, and one of the manifestations of a successful married life is the establishment of constructive interactions between husband and wife (1) Marriage plays an important role in the mental health of individuals, and if married life does not meet the needs of couples, not only will mental health not be realized, but it will also have negative consequences (2) Evidence shows that dissatisfaction in marital relationships and emotional breakdown between couples leads them to divorce or divorce (3). The goal of couples participating in family and couple therapies is to improve exchanges, increase trust, resolve conflicts and strengthen intimacy between themselves despite the persistence of problems (8). When the family is considered as a system, the processes of this system such as communication, exchange patterns and boundaries, hierarchy, adaptation and family functioning are better understood. Families and couples change their growth path in response to stressful situations, and Olson's complex circular pattern can well illustrate these changes. The complex cyclical pattern of family and marital systems expanded to fill the gap between research, theory, and practice in systems theory. This model focuses on communication systems and integrates three dimensions of the family. These three dimensions have been repeatedly discussed in family therapy perspectives and models. These three dimensions include cohesion, adaptability, and communication (9). Consistency addresses the issue of how systems strike a balance between separation and coexistence (5, 6). Adaptability refers to the degree to which family members or couples are able to change relationships, plans, and rules (5). Communication The third dimension is a complex circular pattern that is considered as a facilitator dimension. Using positive communication skills helps couples and families change their levels of attachment and adaptability so that they can meet their situational and developmental needs (11).
Different theories and perspectives have been proposed on marital and family conflicts and the intervention methods have been developed based on these approaches, one of which is the structural family therapy approach. The emphasis of family therapy is on the family as a whole, which consists of subsystems within the family (12). The effectiveness of this approach has been shown in research in solving couples' problems (14, 15). Another approach to couple therapy is Guttman couple therapy (16,17). The effectiveness of Guttman couple therapy has been shown in several studies, including in solving couples' problems (23-25).
Given the importance of Olson's Circumplex Model, it seems necessary to use approaches that can bring the couple's cohesion, adaptability, and level of communication to a desirable level, Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the compare the effectiveness of Structural Family Therapy and Gottman Couple Therapy on the cohesion, adaptability and communication of incompatible couples.

The population of this study includes of non-adjustment couples referring to Behbahan Education Counseling Clinic in the first half of 1398, sample of 45 couples from this community was selected by available method and randomly divided into two experimental groups and one control group. The quasi-experimental research design was pre-test, post-test and follow-up with a control group. First, pre-test was taken from all three groups and then the experimental groups were exposed to Structural Family Therapy and Gottman Couple Therapy for 8 sessions and 90 minutes each session (one session per week). At the end of the sessions, all three groups underwent post-test and 1.5 months later underwent follow-up test. Participants completed the family adaptability and cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES-III) and the Communication level subscale of the ENRICH Scale. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate covariance analysis.

The results showed that Structural Family Therapy and Gottman Couple Therapy significantly improved the cohesion, adaptability and communication of non-adjustment couples, Also, comparing the effectiveness of the two approaches shows a significant difference in favor of Gottman couple therapy group in the variables of cohesion and adaptability, and structural family therapy in the variable of communication. The results also showed that the effectiveness of these two approaches continued until the follow-up stage. The results were discussed in detail on the effectiveness of these approaches.

The results showed that both approaches improved the cohesion, adaptability and level of communication in the experimental group. The findings of this study were consistent with the results of Previous research (23،24،30). From the point of view of structural family therapy, changing the organization or structure of the family leads to better communication between family members and the construction of family boundaries, one of which is the pattern of marital communication, leads to healthy family functioning (13). Explaining the effect of structural family therapy on couple cohesion, adaptability and communication, we can say; Structural theory, by creating harmony between family members, especially the sub-system of marriage, creates a suitable structure and increases the closeness and cohesion of couples (13). This approach contributes to the health of couples and makes them feel better together by influencing family boundaries and making the boundaries within the family healthier. Structural family therapy helps couples to have a sense of individuality and a sense of belonging to the group by teaching them sufficient flexibility within clear boundaries and with proper functioning. In proper demarcation, the couple forms a stable system that helps them to show greater flexibility in making decisions and changing relationships and patterns.
On the other hand, the findings of this study were consistent with the results of Previous research that have proven the effectiveness of Guttman's approach in solving couples' problems. (23،24،30). Explaining the significance of the effectiveness of Guttman couple therapy on cohesion, adaptability and couple’s communication, it can be said that according to Guttman, expressing interest, admiration and respect helps couples to get closer to each other and to Perform joint activities together on a daily basis. In a lasting marriage, the couple usually compromises and gently resolves their issues in favor of the parties (31). Also, teaching couples common sense leads them to establish a relationship with each other and to support their spouse's rules and suggestions. The effect of Guttman couple therapy on couple’s communication can also be said; Communication is a vital and important dimension in a couple's functioning, training in positive communication skills helps couples to meet their developmental needs. One of the things that hurts a couple's positive relationship is conflict. Conflict is inevitable in marital relationships. Guttman's theory teaches how to resolve conflicts and targets negative emotions during conflicts. Also, the results of comparing the two approaches showed that Guttman couple therapy has a greater effect on couples' cohesion and adaptability than structural family therapy. This difference in effectiveness can be related to the nature of Guttman couple therapy approach. On the other hand, the results showed that structural family therapy has a greater effect on couples' communication than Guttman couple therapy, which is also due to the structural emphasis on concepts such as family structure, interactions between members and family reconstruction (12). The statistical population, available sampling, and the design of the present study present limitations on the generalizations and interpretations that need to be considered. According to the results, it seems that structural family therapy and Guttman couple therapy can help to improve the psychological and marital characteristics of couples seeking divorce.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness group counseling through group therapy with group cognitive-behavioral therapy on the feeling of loneliness and life expectancy among students suffering from depression disorder. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test with control group and follow-up test. The statistical population consisted of 75 students referred to the counseling center who had depressive disorder, among them 45 who were in addition to their inclusion criteria in the Loneliness Scale of University of California at Los Angeles (1980) and  Beck Depression Inventory (1996) Scale and lower Hope in Miller Hope Scale  (1988) in a randomized design in three groups of 15 each. Allocated. The experimental group received Cognitive-Behavioral group counseling. After completion of the post-test, follow-up test was performed one month later. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of pre-test and post-test in experimental and control groups (P <0.0001). Both treatments were effective and continued until follow-up. Comparison of treatment groups indicates the same effect of group counseling on reducing loneliness and life expectancy. Group counseling in a cognitive-behavioral and cognitive-behavioral way can be an effective psychological treatment to reduce feelings of loneliness and increase the life expectancy of people with depression.

Marital satisfaction in life can be related to overall life satisfaction and examining the factors affecting it is very important. This study aimed to predict the marital satisfaction based on self-compassion, compassion for others, and emotional intelligence. The statistical population of the study included all married women in Ahvaz who were living in Ahvaz during the study period in 2018. The sample consisted of 300 married women selected by convenience sampling method. The research tools were Self-Compassion Scale short form, Compassion Scale, Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Relationship Assessment Scale. Statistical analysis used for this research was correlational coefficient. The data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. The results of this study indicated that self-compassion, compassion for others, and emotional intelligence had significant relationship with marital satisfaction and also the results of regression analysis showed that emotional intelligence and self-compassion were sufficient predictors for marital satisfaction. It can be concluded that factors such as emotional intelligence and compassion for oneself and others affect marital satisfaction. It is suggested that therapists and family counselors pay more attention to these factors in providing solutions to promote marital satisfaction.