مژگان نینوائی

Nurses are one of the most important categories of management in hospitals,The aim of this study was to investigate the views of nursing students on the status of clinical education in management at the Islamic Azad University of Kashmar. In this descriptive cross-sectional study,80 nursing students of Islamic Azad University, Kashmar branch, who had passed courses in nursing services management in the academic year of 2019,were selected by census method.Data were analyzed by a researcher-made questionnaire including five questions about demographic characteristics and 37 questions in different contexts of training management internship training status using descriptive and inferential statistics. The students studied the domain of "Nursing Services Management Internship Curriculum and Content"with mean and standard deviation(8.06±2.36)and the domain of "Performance and characteristics of clinical instructors" (7.48±2.94)And evaluated "performance and cooperation of hospital staff"(7.56±2.56)as good and"facilities and equipment of internship environment"(5.30±3.36)as moderate.Also, students interested in nursing gave a higher score to each of the areas of management training than those who were not interested and rated "performance and cooperation of hospital staff" more (P˂0.05). Establishing constructive interactions between university officials and health network officials and city hospitals can Provide adequate facilities for internships and cooperation and constructive mutual performance and respect for students to be effective and continuous supervision of the University Vice Chancellor and Director of Nursing Department on the performance of clinical instructors,holding briefings for tutors and further training of students in interpersonal interactions with patients And personnel are recommended.Keywords: Student Perspective,Management Internship,Nursing Student,Education

The purpose of this research is to identify the antecedents and consequences of digital transformation leadership in the education of the University of Medical Sciences.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of the research includes all managers and employees of Alborz University of Medical Sciences. The minimum sample size was estimated to be 203 according to Cochran's formula, and finally the same number of questionnaires were collected and analyzed. In this research, a questionnaire was used to collect information. Reliability was checked using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and content and form validity were checked and confirmed by the supervisor's opinion and construct validity. Also, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and Smart PLS4 statistical software.

The results showed that value creation has a positive and significant effect on digital transformation leadership, and digital transformation leadership, decision-making and digital challenges have a positive and significant effect on the organization's strategy. And digital delivery leadership has a positive and significant impact on learning.

In the age of digital transformation, the education industry has also been heavily influenced by technologies. As a result of this rapid growth in education sectors, universities are becoming increasingly digital.

Quality care in pregnancy and childbirth is associated with good results for mother and baby. The provision of some home prenatal care units reduces the stressors associated with these pregnancies and improves maternal health. The present study aimed to investigate maternal homecare for mothers and children in selected developed countries. In this review, all Persian and English articles and documents from 2006 to 2021 related to homecare services for mothers and children were reviewed using the keywords “Home care,” “Maternal child health services,” and “Home birth” in selected countries in reputable databases, namely PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, World Health Organization (WHO), and Science Direct. Articles that met the inclusion criteria were extracted and analyzed. The findings indicated that in selected developed countries, there are home delivery services and periodic regular home care of mother and child after delivery, a maternity manual, and a birth package with insurance coverage or free of charge. Therefore, it appears that incorporating home delivery options, along with the provision of infrastructure and postnatal care programs for mothers and children, into the Ministry of Health's plans is imperative to enhance the quality and contentment of mothers. These services should be regularly offered, either free of charge or with insurance coverage.

One of the most important factors in achieving the goals of any organization is human resources. Education organization is one of the most important organizations of societies. Since the people of this organization have very important effects on students and people of a society; Paying attention to the job satisfaction and working life of these people is very important.

This research was applied in terms of objective type and descriptive survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the research was made up of health educators and teachers of other male and female subjects in the first secondary public schools of Karaj city in the academic year of 2022-2023. Sampling of health educators and teachers of other subjects was done using the total number method (127 people) and the proportional stratification method (130 people). The research tools included Moghimi's job satisfaction questionnaires (2013) and Ilgan et al.'s (2014) quality of work life questionnaires. Data analysis was done using two-group independent t-test in SPSS26 software at the level of 0.05.

The results of the independent t-test at the significance level (α = 0.5) with 95% confidence level indicate a significant difference between the internal job satisfaction of health educators and teachers and a significant difference in the quality of work life in terms of opportunities at work and relationships with colleagues. It is between these two groups.

It is suggested that the necessary measures to improve these two components in health educators and teachers should be provided by education.

It is one of the most important and challenging tasks of leaders in the current era, which has led to a change in the competitive landscape for today's organizations. Therefore, the aim of the research is to design a leadership model for digital transformation in education.

Qualitative section, 15 experts, including top academic professors in the field of educational management and senior managers of medical sciences, who were selected in a targeted way. The analysis of the qualitative part was done using the theme analysis method and MaxQuda software. In order to fit the designed model, structural equation modeling approach was used by PLS software. The quantitative statistical population included 430 managers, experts and employees of Alborz University of Medical Sciences, who were selected by stratified random method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire based on qualitative findings, whose validity and reliability were confirmed.

The qualitative part showed that 6 main themes including: digital transformation leadership, value creation, decision making, organization strategy, digital challenges, learning and 12 sub-themes were identified. In the quantitative part, it was also determined that there is a significant relationship between the leadership of digital transformation and the factors, and the designed model has an acceptable fit.

The leadership of digital transformation in education can help to improve the quality of education and improve the level of knowledge and ability of students.

Improving the quality of mother and child care is still the first priority of the countries of the world. The International Conference on Population Development and the International Conference on Women have drawn global attention to the importance of men’s role in mother and child health. They believe that men should be considered half of the mother and child health equation and have a significant impact on the health of women and children. The purpose of this research is to study the participation of men in the mother and child care program in selected developed countries and Iran.The selected countries include ten developed countries in the field of maternal and child health from the continents of Asia, Europe and Australia, and the data collection tool includes a flash card and comparative table. The components of the research, after the initial review and reference to previous researches, included fathers’ leave, husband’s presence in prenatal classes and during childbirth.

This is an applied cross-sectional descriptive study which was done in 2018. The selected countries included ten developed countries in the field of maternal and child health from the continents of Asia, Europe and Australia, and the data collection tool included a flash card and comparative table. The components of the research, after the initial review and reference to previous researches, included fathers’ leave, husband’s presence in prenatal classes and during childbirth.

Men’s participation in the health program of developed countries is predicted in different ways and implemented by paying salaries. The duration of these holidays is different in the countries and sometimes it lasts until the child is twelve years old. Special structural arrangements have been made for the presence of the husband in the delivery room and prenatal classes in all public and private centers.

All three components under investigation have been clearly predicted and implemented in the selected developed countries. Since the importance of men’s participation in studies has been proven and recommended by the World Health Organization, the provision of its implementation infrastructure in Iran by the government can play a significant role in improving the health of mothers and children.

Students are considered as the main human resources of any society and attention to their health and health promotion is an investment for the future.In the present study, the aim was to make a comparative comparison of the primary school health educations in Iran, South Korea and Japan.

This research is applied in purpose and descriptive-analytical method based on the method of comparative studies in education according to the George Bradychr('39')s view. According to this, the collected data were analyzed in four stages including descriptive, interpretation, adjacency and comparison. To collect research data, an extensive search including English and Persian studies was conducted from 2005 to 2020 using valid databases and citations such as PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, WHO and Science Direct.Sampling was done selectively and primary health education in Iran, Japan and South Korea were reviewed and compared. According to the basic conceptual model, primary school health education was studied in the components of physical, mental and social health education.

In terms of mental health, bicultural acceptance, family relationships, parenting style; In terms of physical health, organized sports participation, active behaviors in school, adhere to diet, balance and agility, flexibility, muscle strength, endurance; in the social dimension, security, cohesion, empowerment and social support are among the different types of health education between Iran and the other two countries.

In Iran, less attention has been paid to the components of primary school health education in all three dimensions of social, physical and mental health and needs to replace the different components mentioned in the research findings in the primary school health education system and the school health educators’program.

The possible consequences of a sharp decline in fertility, has forced the community leaders and policy makers to revise policies in regard to encouraging the population to give birth to children. The aim of this study was to determine the satisfaction of the people from childbearing government policies in recent years. This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 300 women in the reproductive age (18-45 years) referring to Karaj health centers in 2012 using cluster random sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire and data analysis using Chi-square test (P = 0.05) and SPSS software (version 20). Of the 300 women with a mean age 35 years, 62% of women (186) did not agree to limit their access to contraceptives. 48% of women (144) reported inadequate information in regard to contraception. Intelligence sources in 37% of patients were families (111) and only 9% (27) were medical staff. Economic problems in 83% of patients are considered to be the greatest cause of unwillingness to have a children. Satisfaction with education, age, marriage age, family income and level of unwanted pregnancy correlated (p<0/05) and had no significant relationship with contraception method (p>0/05). Dissatisfaction with family planning policies has been seen in almost half of the women and the lack of awareness and gaining information from invalid sources still exist among Iranian women. In order to encourage the birth growth rate, it is necessary to create the welfare infrastructure first and then, with proper education, allow families to increase their awareness in raising their children.

Cancer is third leading cause of death in Iran and breast cancer is the most common cause of death in Iranian women. Early diagnosis can lead to effective treatment and improves the patient's quality of life. This study was performed with aim to determine the effect of demographic factors on women's Breast Self-Examination awareness in order to focus education on specific group's population in society women health management.
This is descriptive-analytic and correlational study was performed on 200 women referring to Karaj health care centers in 2015. Data was collected by using a self-made questionnaire about demographic factors (age, economic status and literacy) and interviews to determine the proper awareness about BSE. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 16).
Among 200 women with mean age of 35.5±9.7, 97 cases (48.5%) were aware of breast self-examination and performed it in correct way and103 (51.5%) didnt aware or performed it incorrectly. 29 cases (29.8%) of aware women and 68 (52.4%) of unaware women were illiterate and semi-literate. There was significant relationship between educational level and breast self-exam awareness (P0.05).
There is a lack of breast self-examination awareness in the Iranian women. For women health management, education to families with lower educational levels may highly effective to early diagnosis and reduce mortality from this disease.

Community women's health is more vulnerable than men due to various reasons, in addition to biological characteristics; it is influenced by cultural, social, economic and political factors. Nowadays,managing maternal health development is one of the World Health Organization priorities.This study was performed with aim to improve maternal and child health service package in Iran by providing variables derived from a comparative study conducted in selected developed countries.
In thiscomparative study, the studied countries(Singapore, Australia, England and Japan) wereselectedby comparingmaternal-child healthindicators from different continentsusing cluster sampling and with studying of their maternal and child health service package through referring to valid health documents, important variablesanddimensions were identified, and based on itand designed comparative tables, the conclusion was made.
Free sportsandtraining classeswiththe husband's presence, extensive maternal network emergency as specialized and boarding, varietyof vehicles fortransportto emergency centers,emotional supportpackages, home visit and delivery, newbornsfreesurgical facilitiesandcare, pregnant womenscreeningfacilitiesfor free, guideline booklet and unifiedrecording of servicesin allcountrycenters are the factorsidentified in successfulmaternal- child health servicespackage.
The role ofsome identified factors such as home visit and deliveryis loworabsent in Iran health service package. Implementation ofthesuggested factors canplay an important rolein promotingmaternal-child healthindicators inIran.

Women and children form two-thirds of the country’s population and the health of mothers and children is effective in improving the health of the entire community. Using the experience of successful countries in the world in this field, can improve maternal and child health indicators in Iran.
The present study aimed to improve maternal and child health services management system with design a model from a comparative study conducted in selected developed countries
This is a comparative quantitative - qualitative study. Countries are selected by comparing maternal and child health indicators in the world with cluster sampling and then study of management system has done in them, so relevant aspects of the conceptual model and important variables identified. The initial questionnaire was developed and the experts confirmed it. Then final questionnaire was given to 185 experts and the obtained data using statistical method (factor analysis) were analyzed and the final pattern extracted.
A total of seven factors were found to be effective in the management of maternal and child health services, including support systems, human resource management, provision of equipment, support policies (state and local), systematic system of maternal care, referral and unified registration system and physical and financial resource management. Supporting government policies, support system and human resource management factors with a load factor of 0/9 and 0/29 have maximum and minimum impact on it.
In proposed model, the greatest impact is from supports system and the government’s support policies.

IUD is one of the most effective and reversible methods of contraception with the widespread use worldwide. Spotting is the most important side effect of this method that due to discontinuing and removal of IUD. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are effective for treatment of spotting، but in previous study have not identified which one of these drugs is most effective. The aim of this study is to comparison the effects of naproxen، indomethacin and ibuprofen in treatment of spotting due to IUD insertion. This semi-experimental study was done in 2010. 943 women randomly allocated to naproxen group (250 mg/q 8 hrs)، indomethacin group (25 mg/q 12 hrs) or ibuprofen group (200 mg/q 6 hrs). Samples are women with IUD Cu T 380 A insertion during a month ago، referring to health centers of Karaj، Iran. All of samples completed 5 days duration of treatment and then they evaluated for spotting. Data analyzed using SPSS16 software with qui-square test، ANOVA and t-test. Significance level was considered 0. 95. All of three drugs were effective in treatment of spotting but base on qui-square test naproxen is the most effective one (p<0. 0001). The findings of this study show that naproxen is more effective than indomethacin and ibuprofen in treatment of spotting due to IUD insertion. Therefore we suggest 5 days protocol of naproxen for curing spotting due to IUD insertion.