نسرین باقری

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of the health promotion package based on the basic beliefs of kidney cancer patients.

The research method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population was all people with kidney cancer who were members of Tehran Kidney Cancer Association in 2001-2001, and 30 people were selected in a purposeful way and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group. Basic beliefs questionnaires (Catlin and Estein, 1992) were used to collect information. Data were analyzed with SPSS 22 software and using multivariate covariance analysis.

The results indicate that there was a significant difference between the mean world scores (p<0.001) and favorable self-belief (p<0.001) between the experimental and control groups in the post-test scores.

health promotion package based on flourishing on basic beliefs is effective. effective

Positive psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on personality strengths and behaviors that allow people to build meaningful and purposeful lives to move beyond survival to flourishing.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of positive psychology on the perspective of time and psychological capital of mothers of children with special learning disabilities.

This research was an experimental study with a semi-experimental design and a pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the present study was all the mothers of children with special learning disorders in Tehran. The sample size of the study was considered equal to 30 people using the available random sampling method. The method of data collection included: library and field. In this research, two psychological capital questionnaires by Lutans, Lutans Keely and Lutans Burt (2004) and Zimbardo and Boyd's (1999) time perspective were used as data collection tools. Research data were analyzed using the Statistical Package in Social Sciences, version 21 (SPSS). To describe the data, statistical indicators of mean and standard deviation were used in the pre-test and post-test phases. In order to check the normality of the research variables, the Kalmogorov Smirnov test was used and in order to check the homogeneity of the variances, the Levine test was used. Also, in order to compare the average scores of the two experimental and control groups and the effect of the pre-test scores and other intervening variables on the post-test, covariance analysis was used.

The results showed that positive psychology training has a positive and significant effect on the perspective of time and psychological capital of mothers of children with specific learning disabilities.

According to the results of the research, it can be said that positive psychology can improve the perspective of time and psychological capital of mothers of children with special learning disorders.

Adolescence includes significant social, cognitive and emotional development in adolescents. Although for many adolescents this period includes a number of positive developmental outcomes, early adolescence is a period of life when external problems such as behavioral problems as well as internal problems such as anxiety and depressive symptoms begin to manifest. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of the parent-adolescent educational package on communication patterns, stress and academic performance in girls of the first secondary school in Tehran.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test design with a control group and a two-month follow-up. A number of 30 students of the first secondary school in the 2nd district of Tehran, who had obtained the lowest scores in the parent-child relationship questionnaire, were selected and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups, then the mothers of these teenagers appeared to receive the intervention in the research. . The used questionnaires include communication patterns questionnaire (Ritchie and Fitzpatrick, 1990), academic stress questionnaire (Ang and Hwan, 2006), academic performance questionnaire (Pham and Taylor, 1999) and parent-child relationship questionnaire (Fine et al., 1983). was The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and SPSS software.

The results showed that the parent-adolescent educational package improved communication patterns (P<0.001), reduced academic stress (P<0.001) and increased academic performance (P<0.001) of girls in the first secondary school.

Based on the findings of the research, the parent-teen educational package can be used as an efficient method to improve communication patterns, reduce academic stress and increase the academic performance of students.

One of the most important periods affecting physical, mental and social growth and health is the adolescence period of every person, where personality formation and identification takes place in this sensitive period. The purpose of this study was to model happiness based on basic psychological needs with the mediation of adaptation in adolescents. The applied research method and the descriptive correlation method were based on the structural equation model. The statistical population consisted of all working female adolescents studying in the second year of high school, 352 of whom were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling and were asked to answer the questionnaires of Oxford Happiness (2002), basic psychological needs of Desi et al (2001), and Sinha and Singh (1993) students' adaptability. Data analysis was done using a structural equation model. The findings showed that the adaptation variable has been able to play a mediating role in the relationship between basic psychological needs and happiness. It can be concluded that when motivations or internal rewards are stronger than external motivations, the implementation of psychological needs becomes easier and has a positive effect on adolescent adaptation; because adaptation is achieved through internal incentives and reinforcements, and in this way, by creating a positive inner feeling in adolescence, it leads to an increase in happiness in teenagers; therefore, by providing a healthy and dynamic environment that fits the individual and personality needs of every teenager, it is necessary to promise well-being and happiness in teenagers.

 The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of problem-solving training on drug addiction, mental health, and sensitivity to rejection in drug-dependent individuals. The semi-experimental research method was pre-test, post-test with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this study included people with a history of opioid use who referred to one of Nasim-Shahr addiction treatment centers in 1400. 40 qualified people were selected based on the entry and exit criteria and using the available sampling method and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The data collection tool was substance abuse questionnaire (Salehifederdi and Barerfan, 2017), mental health questionnaire (Keyes, 2006) and rejection sensitivity questionnaire (Downey and Feldman, 1996). Both experimental and control groups were pre-tested using research tools. Then the experimental group received problem solving training during 8 sessions of 60 minutes, and no training was implemented for the control group. At the end of the interventions, both experimental and control groups were post-tested using research tools. A follow-up test was done after three months from both groups. The data were analyzed using the repeated measure analysis of variance test. The findings showed the effect of implementing the independent variable on the variables of craving for drugs (P = 0.001, F = 36.02), mental health (P = 0.001, F = 23.11) and sensitivity to rejection (F = 0.001). P = 0, F = 24/51) is significant.

Today, importance of mathematical knowledge in the history of science development and even the course of industrial and technical developments has been revealed to everyone. One factor that can impair the learning process of math and its associated positive factors is mathematical anxiety. Presence of mathematical anxiety can reduce students' academic motivation. Academic vitality refers to the student's ability to overcome the problems typically occurring in the daily academic life of most students and predicts the extent of absenteeism (negatively), homework, positive academic goals and objectives indicating desire to study. According to most studies existence of mathematical anxiety and lack of motivation and academic vitality seriously damage the development of the individual and the advancement of education. Given that the most vulnerability seems to occur in adolescence, it is necessary to seek new scientific theories and strategies to enhance mathematical self-efficacy, motivation and academic vitality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectivness of reverse class method on mathematical anxiety, academic motivation and students' academic vitality.

It was a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control and follow-up group for one month. Population of the study consisted of all female second grade of high school students in Tehran in 1399-1400 academic year. The statistical sample of the study included 30 high school students in mathematics who were selected through cluster sampling. Research instruments were standard questionnaires of Plick and Parker mathematical anxiety (1982), Harter academic motivation (1980) and Hosseinchari and Dehghani Zadeh academic vitality (2012). In order to analyze the data, repeated measures analysis of variance was used.

Findings showed that the reverse class method increases academic motivation and academic vitality and also reduces mathematical anxiety compared to the control group (P<0.05).

According to the results obtained from the research, applying the reverse class method increases academic motivation and vitality and reduces mathematical anxiety. Increasing teachers' information in the field of reverse teaching and holding in-service courses for teachers, providing reverse teaching information is one of the main recommendations of this research.

The aim of this research was to compare the effectiveness of problem-solving skills training with self-talk training on mental health and rejection sensitivity in individuals dependent on substance abuse.

The current study employed a quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments, using a control group. Among all 470 individuals seeking treatment for opioid use disorder at Nasim Rahaii Treatment Center in 2022, 60 participants were conveniently selected and randomly assigned to three groups of 20 individuals. The research instruments included the standard Mental Health Questionnaire (Keyes, 2002) and the Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire (Feldman, 1996). The first experimental group received 8 sessions of problem-solving skills training, the second experimental group received 10 sessions of self-talk training, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance.

The findings indicated that both training methods had a significant effect on reducing rejection sensitivity and improving mental health in individuals with opioid use disorder. Additionally, the follow-up analysis using Bonferroni test showed that problem-solving skills training was more effective than self-talk training in reducing rejection sensitivity. However, no significant difference was observed between the two methods in terms of their impact on mental health.

Consequently, addiction specialists and therapists can incorporate these training approaches alongside pharmacotherapy and other conventional methods to enhance psychological functioning and prevent relapse in individuals with substance dependence.

The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of parent-child interaction training on psychological well-being and response inhibition of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test and follow-up design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical research population of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were referred to the Rastin Clinic in the 3rd district of Tehran in 1400, 30 people were selected through available sampling based on the entry criteria in the first step and then randomly in the second step. A group of 15 people, including the experimental and control groups, were replaced by ten sessions of parent-child interaction training. The sessions were weekly and the control group was placed on the waiting list. Research tools were parent-child interaction protocol, psychological well-being questionnaire (Reif, 2002), and color-word test (Stroop, 1935).

The research findings showed that parent-child interaction training significantly increases the psychological well-being of mothers with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and children's response inhibition (P<0.001).

The present study emphasizes the importance of parent-child interaction training in increasing the psychological well-being of mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and providing new horizons in clinical interventions. Therefore, parent-child interaction training can be used  to create a positive and appropriate change in the mothers of children with attention deficit hyp eractivity disorder.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of self-compassion training and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on the cognitive flexibility of mothers of children with autism.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and semi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group and a follow-up phase and the statistical population included mothers of children with autism in Dost Autism Institute in Tehran in 2019. 45 people from this community were selected as a sample group using voluntary and non-probability sampling methods and replaced by simple random in three groups of 15 people which included two experimental groups and one control group. The first group of the experiment received eight sessions of self-compassion training and the second group of the experiment received eight sessions of acceptance and commitment training. The duration of the sessions for both groups was 45 minutes weekly, and the control group was placed on the waiting list. The research tools were the cognitive flexibility questionnaire, acceptance and commitment protocol, and self-compassion protocol. The data were analyzed using the method of multivariate analysis of covariance and repeated measurement.

The results showed that self-compassion training and therapy based on acceptance and commitment were effective on the cognitive flexibility of mothers of children with autism. Therefore, teaching self-compassion and treatment based on acceptance and commitment can have useful results in improving the mental health of these mothers.

Cancer patients face many challenges. They are trying to use spiritual approaches to adapt to these challenges. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a spiritual health promotion package based on the basic beliefs of kidney cancer patients in Tehran.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. The statistical population was all people with kidney cancer who were members of the Tehran Kidney Cancer Society in 2022-2023, and 30 people were selected in a targeted way and randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. The health promotion package based on spiritual prosperity was implemented in the experimental group. Catlin and Epstein's (1992) Basic Beliefs Questionnaire was used to collect information. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software and variance analysis or repeated measurement.

The results indicate that the mean scores of the patients' basic beliefs between the experimental and control groups have a significant difference (P<0.001) and the spiritual health promotion package based on prosperity increases the patients' basic beliefs in patients with kidney cancer in a stable manner (P<0.001).

According to the results, the spiritual health promotion package can be effective in improving the basic beliefs of kidney cancer patients.

Human flourishing can be a new goal of health care that nurses can apply to people with cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of the health promotion package based on flourishing on perceived stress and self-care of kidney cancer patients.

The research method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up plan with a control group. The statistical population was all people with kidney cancer who were members of the Tehran Kidney Cancer Society in 2001-2001, and 30 people were selected in a targeted way and randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. The health promotion package based on prosperity was implemented on the experimental group. Perceived stress (Cohen, 1983) and self-care (Han et al., 2014) questionnaires were used to collect information. The data were checked with SPSS 22 software and using variance analysis or repeated measurement.

The results indicate that between the average scores of positive stresses (ᶯ2=0.56), negative stress (ᶯ2=0.28), diet (ᶯ2=0.18), drug regimen (ᶯ2=0.22) A significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups. However, no significant difference was observed between the average food label and disease management between the experimental group and the control group. The health promotion package based on flourishing has reduced the perceived stress in kidney cancer patients in a stable manner and has increased the diet and drug regimen in a stable manner.

The health promotion package based on flourishing on perceived stress and self-care behaviors such as diet and medication compliance are beneficial for kidney cancer patients.

In today's world, it is believed that one should have global thinking, but implement these global thoughts locally. This can also be considered as the localization of global thoughts and ideas. The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of critical thinking training and social cognitive training on the emotional creativity of female students of the first secondary school.

The current research method was quasi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a one-month follow-up, which was conducted in Sabzevar high schools in 2021-22. The statistical population was made up of all the students of the first secondary school age range, who were selected as available and according to the sample size of 98 female high school students. The tools for collecting information were library studies, questionnaires and documents. In the collection of information, a questionnaire measuring emotional creativity was used as a tool. The sampling method in the present study was available by sampling method. The sample size included 66 people, that is, 33 people were considered for each group. In this research, the components and the total score of emotional creativity were the dependent variables, and the information related to them was collected in the three stages of pre-test, post-test and follow-up from the participants of the experimental and control groups, and to test the effectiveness of the implementation of the independent variable on the dependent variable of the method Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used. The software used is SPSS version 26.

The difference in the average scores of the components and the total score of emotional creativity in the pre-test-post-test and pre-test-follow-up stages was statistically significant, but the difference in the average scores in the post-test-follow-up stages was not significant. The difference in the mean of the components and the total score of emotional creativity in the two groups of critical thinking and control is statistically significant. The difference in the effect of two methods of social cognitive education and critical thinking on the components of readiness, innovation, effectiveness and the total score of emotional creativity was significant.

According to the results of the research, critical thinking and social cognitive training has increased the emotional readiness of female students in the first year of high school. Critical thinking training created a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in terms of the variable of emotional creativity. And critical thinking and social cognitive training has improved innovation in female students of the first year of high school. Teaching critical thinking and social cognition has not had a significant impact on students.

The primary objective of this study was to assess the impact of cognitive-social education and coaching education on self-awareness among female high school students. The research employed a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest-posttest design involving a control group. The study's target population encompassed all female high school students in District 2 of Tehran in 2022. A total of 45 participants were included in the study (with 15 individuals in each group, comprising 15 in Experimental Group 1, 15 in Experimental Group 2, and 15 in the Control Group). The research instrument employed in this study consisted of the Copper Self-Awareness Questionnaire. In the experimental groups, both the Cognitive-Social Education program and the Coaching Training program were administered, while the control group did not receive any intervention. The findings revealed that both cognitive-social education and coaching training had a significant impact on self-awareness scores. Furthermore, the results indicated that cognitive-social education was more effective in enhancing students' self-awareness compared to coaching education. Consequently, cognitive-social education proved to be a more effective approach for enhancing students' self-awareness. Overall, the results of this study offer valuable insights for psychologists and school counselors, providing effective strategies for boosting self-awareness among high school students.

Adequate attention to the lifestyle of students and its promotion in building the future of the country is a necessity; therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of developing an educational package to improve students' lifestyles and its effectiveness on self-direction in learning.

The present study was a combination and based on a variable exploratory design - a classification model. To compile the training package, the word / symbol and theme unit was used in content analysis. The statistical population in the qualitative section were the faculty members of the university who were purposefully selected based on the expertise indicators of twelve people as a sample size. In order to investigate the effect of the educational package on self-directed learning, 34 students were selected by voluntary sampling method in the academic year 1399-1400 and were divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group was trained in nine 60-minute sessions. Data obtained from the self-directed test in learning Fisher et al. (2001) were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

Based on the findings, 54 factors were identified and classified into three categories of mental, individual and social abilities and were presented as an educational package through a network framework. Also, lifestyle education package training has been able to be significantly effective in improving students' self-directed learning (self-management, self-control and willingness to learn).

The findings of this study as a whole confirmed the effectiveness of the educational package of lifestyle promotion on self-direction in students' learning.

Today, with the expansion of metropolises and the complexity of life, the problems of life are increasing day by day. Problems that require skill and ability to face. The purpose of this research was to compile and validate a skills training package for marginalized  women.

The training package was designed based on cognitive-behavioral theory. The design of the package consisted of 5 stages of interviewing experts in the field and using nomial group method to identify the priority life skills needs, reviewing the literature, holding a brainstorming session and preparing the initial draft, determining the validity and modifying the initial draft of the package. The content validity of the package was measured using the expert opinion and was measured by the content validity index and the relative coefficient of content validity.

The results showed that the designed educational package has a high validity level. Also, the relative content validity coefficient of the package was equal to 0.714.

The educational package is suitable for training in the three skills of self-awareness, effective communication, and emotion regulation in order to provide a platform for entering and using these skills in the real life of  women living in marginalized areas.

Exam anxiety is a type of anxiety related to the situation and is experienced as an unpleasant experience and hinders the growth and academic progress of the student. Therefore, it is very important to identify the factors that can prevent exam anxiety. The aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of cognitive and metacognitive strategies in the relationship between parent-child relationship perception and test anxiety.

The research method was descriptive-correlational type. The statistical population of this research included all the female students of the second secondary school in Tehran in the academic year 2018-19, of which 330 were selected using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The research tools include parent-child relationship questionnaire; Sarason et al.'s test anxiety scale (1956) and Dawson and McInnery's (2004) cognitive and metacognitive strategies questionnaire. The structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data.

The findings of the research showed that the perception of the father-child relationship (P=0.001, β=-0.120) and the perception of the mother-child relationship (P=0.001, β=-0.161) are indirectly related to exam anxiety.

It can be concluded that cognitive and metacognitive strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between the perception of parent-child relationship and test anxiety in girls.

The phenomenon of bullying in schools is one of the things that can threaten the safety of students and consequently cause educational issues. The present study aimed to evaluate the structural model of the relationship between the dimensions of personality pathology and bullying through conditional self-handicapping among high school students.

This research was conducted using the structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of the present study included all high school girls of District 2 of Tehran in the academic year 2021-22, who were 145,398 students, according to the Tehran Department of Education. According to the Michel (1993) criteria and the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 300 people were selected as a sample. They completed the following instruments: Schwinger, & Stiensmeier-Pelster self-incapacitation questionnaire (2011), Olweus bullying questionnaire (1986), and the short form of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Personality Questionnaire (PID-5-BF). Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling with SPSS and Lisrel software.  

The findings of the structural model test showed that personality dimensions have a positive relationship with self-handicapping (β=0.43; P<0.001) and bullying (β=0.33; P<0.001). Also, the relationship between self-handicapping and bullying was positive (β=0.25; P<0.001). The results of mediation effects showed that academic self-handicapping plays a mediating role in the relationship between abnormal personality dimensions and bullying (P<0.001).

The results generally showed that the tested model has a good fit with the conceptual model

Paying attention to the mental health and optimal cognitive function of children and adolescents is of great importance in societies. Therefore, the current study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of neurofeedback and transcranial electrical stimulation on students' attention and concentration skills and mathematical progress.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the form of pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up with a control group. 51 students were randomly divided into three groups; two experimental groups including neurofeedback and transcranial electrical stimulation and the control group (n= 17 each group). Participant included all students aged 8 to 16 in Tehran in the year 2021. The data collection tool included IVA-2 software and Dr. Asgari's math achievement test. A mixed analysis of variance test was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that both neurofeedback and transcranial electrical stimulation were effective in increasing and improving attention and concentration and mathematical progress.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that neurofeedback and transcranial electrical stimulation are effective in improving students' attention and concentration skills and mathematical progress. The mentioned findings can help therapists to choose the type of treatment.

This study is aimed at developing an education program based on parent-child interactions and examining its impact on psychological wellbeing and parental self-efficacy of mothers of children with ADHD.

This study was a mixed study, in which Grounded theory was used in the qualitative section and the experimental method was used in the quantitative section. Purposive sampling was used in the quantitative section and convenience sampling was used in the qualitative section. Ten sessions aimed at 1. introducing the program, 2. meditation, 3. recognizing the disorder, 4. stimulus control, 5. empathy skill, 6. dealing with environmental modifications, 7. increasing attention, 8. social support, 9. response inhibition and 10.

review were respectively recognized based on the results obtained from the interviews conducted in the qualitative section. These were then carried out for the experimental group in the qualitative section. Participants answered to the parental self-efficacy scale questionnaires (Domka et al., 1996) and psychological well-being (Ryff, 2002) in the quantitative study using pre-post tests and follow-up.
Discussion and

Findings obtained from within-subjects between-subjects design variance test revealed that family-centered therapy was effective in increasing psychological well-being (P<0.001) and parental self-efficacy scores (P<0.001) in post-test. The increase has maintained its stability in the follow-up stage. In addition, results showed that the education program developed in the current study has good validity and can be applied to psychological well-being and parental self-efficacy of mothers of children with ADHD.

Having a child with autism spectrum disorder causes many problems for the mothers of these children, including decrease in resilience and life expectancy. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of assertiveness training and logo therapy training on resilience and life expectancy in mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder.

The current research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up design with a control group. The research population consisted of mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder in Tehran city in the academic years 2022-2023, which number of 60 people of them were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to three equal groups. Each of the experimental groups underwent assertiveness training and logo therapy training in 8 sessions of 2 hour, separately and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. The data were collected with the resilience scale (Connor and Davidson, 2003) and life expectancy questionnaire (Miller JF, Powers, 1988) and were analyzed with the methods of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS software.

The analyzes showed that both methods of assertiveness training and logo therapy training in compared to the control group increased resilience and life expectancy in mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder, and the results were maintained in the follow-up phase (P<0.001). Also, there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of assertiveness training and logo therapy training in increasing their life expectancy (P>0.05), but the effectiveness of logo therapy training method in compared to the assertiveness training method was higher in increasing their resilience (P>0.001).

Considering the difference in the effectiveness of methods of assertiveness training and logo therapy training on resilience and life expectancy in mothers with children with autism spectrum disorder, counselors and therapists can use the more effective method, means logo therapy training for their psychological interventions.

Marital conflict reduces psychological capital, and it has adverse effects on the physical and mental health of the spouses. Previous research has shown the effect of the approach based on choice theory and transactional analysis in reducing marital conflict between spouses.

   The present study aims to compare the effect of the approach based on choice theory and transactional analysis on the psychological capital of couples who have marital conflicts.

This research was conducted by experimental method with pre-test and post-test design and with an unbalanced control group with more than one experimental group. For this purpose, out of all couples with marital conflicts who were referred to counseling centers in the third district of Tehran with at least one year of living together with the available sampling method,30 couples(60 husbands & wives) were selected and randomly substituted into three groups of experimental 1, experimental 2, and control. The data before and after the experiment were gathered by the Psychological Capitals Questionnaire )Luthans, Youssef, & Avolio, 2007(. 

The data analysis with covariance analysis showed that interventions of choice theory and transactional analysis have a significant effect on the components of self-efficacy (P <0.01, F = 10.15) and hope (P <0.01, F = 14.18) and optimism (P <0.01, F = 9.72) psychological capital at the level of 0.01 and resilience (P <0.05, F = 4.78) was significant. But the difference in the effect of the independent variable on any of the components of psychological capital was not significant.

 The results showed that the difference between the effectiveness of both independent variables on the increasing of the components of psychological capital was not significant. Therefore, applying both methods by counselors and psychotherapists to increase the psychological capital of couples involved in marital conflict can be recommended.

Adequate attention to the lifestyle of students as a potential human capital in society and its improvement in building the future of the country is a necessity. Therefore, this study aims to provide a conceptual framework for the lifestyle improvement factors of students in Iranian society. The orientation of the present study was developmental with a qualitative methodology. The strategy chosen in the qualitative methodology was an example of a purposeful combination of analogy and induction called content-guided and cumulative analysis. The unit of analysis for studying theoretical and experimental texts was based on the unit of analysis of word/symbol and theme. The study’s statistical population was the faculty members of the university. Of them, twelve were purposefully selected by the chain method as the sample size. Text analysis and semi-structured interviews were also used for data collection. The quality control of content analysis was conducted by receiving the opinions of experts as a specialized committee and the coefficient of agreement between the coders. With the approval of the specialized committee and the estimation of the coefficient of agreement of 0.87, our findings had the necessary validation and trust. According to the findings, 54 semantic codes were classified into three main categories of mental, individual, and social capabilities and presented in a NET framework as lifestyle improvement factors of students in Iranian society.

human power is the most valuable capital of any country, and due to the fundamental change in the structure of organizations, the importance of human power as the most important and valuable asset of organizations has doubled. This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the ambiguity, conflict and role burden between the headquarters and operational staff of the Tehran police force.The present research was of a comparative nature in terms of applied purpose and in terms of nature and descriptive method. The statistical population of the research was formed by all the headquarters and operational personnel of the Tehran police force in the first half of 2019, and 50 headquarters and 50 operational personnel were selected through available sampling. The research tool was House et al.'s (1983) Role Ambiguity-Conflict Scale and Bakarash et al.'s (1990) Role Prejudice Questionnaire. The data was analyzed using t-test of independent groups and analysis of covariance with SPSS version 22 software.The findings showed that there is a difference between the two groups of staff and operational staff of the Tehran police force in terms of ambiguity, conflict and role burden (P<0.05).According to the findings of the research, it can be said that the employees of the operational department have more role conflict and the staff of the headquarters have more role ambiguity and role burden.

Nowadays, with the expansion of metropolises and the complexities of life, the problems of life are increasing day by day. These problems require skills and abilities to deal with them. The main purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the individual skills training package in improving the cognitive-behavioral abilities of girls and women aged 20-30 years in the marginal areas of the cities of Isfahan, Tehran), Zahedan and Mashhad.The experimental intervention method is based on a semi-experimental method of pre-test-post-test type with a control group and with the intervention of training individual skills improvement package. It was based on a sample consisting of two groups of 60 individuals from the women's community living in marginal areas, who were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The results obtained from the multivariate covariance analysis test showed that the mean scores of the participants in the emotional regulation, self-awareness and effective communication was significantly different among experimental and control groups, after intervention. In other words, individual skills’ training has significantly improved the cognitive-behavioral abilities of the participants.

This study aimed to investigate the role of behavioral brain systems, belief in a just world, and loneliness in predicting corona anxiety. This study was correlational and the statistical population consisted of parents referred to the Department of Family Education Sessions, Child Counseling, and Golestan Counseling Center in Gorgan, where 100 people were selected by the convenience sampling method. Data collection was done by using Alizadeh Fard’s Corona Anxiety Inventory, Carver and White’s behavioral brain Systems questionnaire, Russell’s Loneliness Questionnaire, and Salton and Douglas’ Belief in a Fair World Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests. Findings showed that behavioral brain systems, belief in a fair world, and feeling lonely have a significant relationship with corona anxiety (p<0.05). Behavioral brain systems, belief in a fair world and loneliness also can predict corona anxiety (p<0.001). According to the findings of the present study, managers, and officials of healthcare systems, taking into account cognitive characteristics, can play an important role in controlling the mental health of people during the corona epidemic.