نصرالله محمدی

The purpose of the current research was to identify and explain the relationship between the effective factors in creating an innovative sports organization and the performance of selected sports organizations. The research method was mixed (qualitative and quantitative) in which the phenomenological analytical model was used in the qualitative part and the descriptive-correlation analytical method was used in the quantitative part. The statistical sample in the qualitative section included 15 elites, academic researchers and managers of sports organizations who were selected theoretically and using a targeted quota method, and in the quantitative section there were 324 managers, experts and employees of sports organizations. The selected countries were selected by stratified-random sampling method. Data collection tools included interviews and questionnaires. In this research, the qualitative data analysis process was carried out in three stages of coding (open, central and selective) and in the quantitative part, Pearson's correlation coefficient test was used in the statistical software SPSS (version 25). The results of qualitative analysis showed that 6 core categories with titles (organizational, extra-organizational, behavioral, managerial, knowledge and technological characteristics) along with 23 sub-categories were effective in creating an innovative sports organization and the results of quantitative analysis showed that between sports organization Innovative with the performance of sports organizations (r=0.603, p=0.001) and its components (customer perspective (r=0.759, p=0.001), financial perspective (r=0.722, p=0.001) p=0.001), perspective of internal processes (r=0.401, p=0.001), perspective of learning and growth (r=0.449, p=0.001)) there is a significant relationship that this positive relationship and It is direct. Sports organizations that work only by relying on certain and fixed plans, maps and behaviors are a very vulnerable social system, while innovation opens a window of new opportunities for organizations and a sustainable competitive advantage. guarantees that it will be a factor to guarantee organizational performance.

This research is based on cognitive theory with the aim of identifying the antecedents affecting the behavioral intentions of fans of Iran's premier football leagueThe statistical population of the research was all the fans of football clubs in the Premier League of Iran. The sample size was obtained using Cochran's formula including 384 people and finally 410 questionnaires were statistically analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part was conducted with the aim of investigating the demographic characteristics of football fans such as age, gender and education level. The second part focused on fans' evaluation of skill performance, environment, and congeniality, passion of other consumers, consumer-to-consumer interaction, and behavioral intentions. To measure the research variables, Ko et al. skill performance questionnaire (2011) with three questions, Fu et al.'s Self-congruence questionnaire (2017) with four items, Ku et al. Ambience questionnaire (2011) with three items, Other consumers’ passion Chen and colleagues (2013) with three items, Consumer to consumer Interaction Kim et al. (2018) with three items and Jang and Namkung (2009) behavioral intentions with three items were used. The final model of the research using partial least squares technique and SmartP software. L. S was validated. The results of the hypothesis test showed that environmental factors, skill factors, interaction with other fans, enthusiasm of other fans and homophobia had the greatest effect on fans' behavioral intentions, respectively. Therefore, knowledge of the mentioned factors provides necessary conditions for managers and organizers of sports competitions for better management of fans.

The purpose of the current research was to determine the mediating role of international communication in the relationship between human resources and management approach with change management in the Ministry of Sports and Youth.

384 employees of the Ministry of Sports and Youth were selected in an available manner and completed the researcher-made questionnaires of international communication, human resources, management approach and change management. The data were analyzed with the help of correlation test, regression analysis and structural equations.

The results showed that there is a positive relationship between human resources and change management, between management approach and change management, between international communication and change management, and also between human resources and management approach with change management in the Ministry of Sports and Youth. Also, the results showed that international communication plays a mediating role in the relationship between human resources and management approach with change management in the Ministry of Sports and Youth

it was suggested that in order to improve change management processes in the Ministry of Sports and Youth, work on improving human resources, managerial approach and international communication.

he study is to develop a model of an innovative sports organization in order to realize the vision document of Iran 1404 and its relationship with the performance of selected sports organizations. The research method was qualitative with interview with emphasis on phenomenological method and quantitative with questionnaire and descriptive-survey type. In the qualitative section, the statistical population consisted of 15 people who were selected by the snowball method of 10 elites and three coding steps (open, axial and selective) were performed. In order to answer the questionnaire, 324 professors of sports management used non-random sampling method. SPSS software and PLS software were used in small quantities.
According to the research results, effective strategies in creating an innovative sports organization, the effect of a positive and significant effect on the effective factors in creating an innovative sports organization (β=0/226, p=0/005) and a negative and significant effect on obstacles to creating an innovative sports organization (β=0/756, p=0/001). Also, the obstacles to creating an innovative sports organization are of a negative and significant effect on the effective factors in creating an innovative sports organization (β=-0/232, p= 0/001) and the model of an innovative sports organization in order to achieve the vision document (β=-0/626, p=0/001). Finally, the results showed that the effective factors in creating an innovative sports organization have a positive and significant effect on the model of an innovative sports organization in order to achieve the vision document (β=0/489, p=0/001).
As a result, it can be said that there is a relationship between the innovative sports organization in order to realize the vision document of Iran 1404 with the performance of selected sports organizations and its components.

This research is based on cognitive theory with the aim of identifying the antecedents affecting the behavioral intentions of fans of Iran's premier football leagueThe statistical population of the research was all the fans of football clubs in the Premier League of Iran. The sample size was obtained using Cochran's formula including 384 people and finally 410 questionnaires were statistically analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part was conducted with the aim of investigating the demographic characteristics of football fans such as age, gender and education level. The second part focused on fans' evaluation of skill performance, environment, and congeniality, passion of other consumers, consumer-to-consumer interaction, and behavioral intentions. To measure the research variables, Ko et al. skill performance questionnaire (2011) with three questions, Fu et al.'s Self-congruence questionnaire (2017) with four items, Ku et al. Ambience questionnaire (2011) with three items, Other consumers’ passion Chen and colleagues (2013) with three items, Consumer to consumer Interaction Kim et al. (2018) with three items and Jang and Namkung (2009) behavioral intentions with three items were used. The final model of the research using partial least squares technique and SmartP software. L. S was validated. The results of the hypothesis test showed that environmental factors, skill factors, interaction with other fans, enthusiasm of other fans and homophobia had the greatest effect on fans' behavioral intentions, respectively. Therefore, knowledge of the mentioned factors provides necessary conditions for managers and organizers of sports competitions for better management of fans.

In today's changing world, technology is changing and evolving with increasing speed. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing the promotion and growth of sports start-ups in different climates of Tehran. This descriptive-survey type of basic research was conducted in a mixed manner (qualitative and quantitative) using the systematic design of the database theory. The statistical community was investigated in two qualitative and quantitative parts. In the qualitative part, the sports spaces of Tehran city were selected according to the different climates from the northern and southern regions in the form of accessible sampling, and in the quantitative part, the statistical population includes managers, executive officials, professors and experts of sports places and spaces in Tehran, which according to Using the method of structural equations, 220 people were selected as a statistical sample in the form of available sampling. GIs software was used for analysis in the qualitative part. In the quantitative part of convergent validity and reliability tests, to check the normality The Klomogrove Smirnov test was used for the data and structural equations and pls software were used to check the relationships between the research variables. The results showed that the northern areas of Tehran have a more suitable situation for sports space startups. Since the strategic document of the country's comprehensive sports system did not particularly pay attention to start-up business and entrepreneurship, therefore, it is necessary to consider the mission of these newly emerging companies, strategies and priorities such as reducing administrative barriers to start new businesses. Entrepreneurial activities, teaching this type of start-up activities at all educational levels with a focus on physical education schools and strengthening the connection of scientific centers of universities with the sports industry should be considered for the country

Today, the tourism industry has become so significant that economists refer to it as a hidden export. This hidden export has seen rapid growth in recent years, and many countries consider it a major source of income. It’s important to note that the large economic cycles driven by tourism can directly enhance the economy and are often more efficient than other income sources for a country, such as oil (Kareemi & Karimi, 2017, p. 32). Desert tourism is a subset of sustainable tourism. For the purposes of this research, desert tourism is defined as “responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and improves the well-being of local people.” The outcomes of adopting a responsible approach to desert tourism include minimizing environmental impact, fostering environmental and cultural awareness and respect, providing positive experiences for both visitors and host communities, generating financial benefits for the protection of nature and natural resources, empowering local communities politically, and acquainting visitors with the political, environmental, and social climate of the host countries. South Khorasan province boasts numerous natural and historical attractions. Proper management of these attractions can significantly contribute to the development of the tourism industry in this province. This research aims to identify the factors that influence the appeal of sports tourism in the Ferdows desert region.

The methodology employed in this research is descriptive, utilizing a survey approach. The statistical population encompasses all sports tourists in the desert area of Ferdous city. Ferdous is a city situated in the north of South Khorasan province. It includes two cities, Ferdous and Islamieh, and the villages of Baghistan, Barun, and Khanekuk, with Ferdous city as the center. The sampling method in this research is probabilistic. Given that the statistical population comprises all sports tourists in the Ferdous desert region, and considering the number of sports tourism areas in Ferdous, 10 sports tourism areas were initially selected. From each area, 40 individuals were randomly chosen as subjects from among the tourists. To determine the sample size for this research, Cochran’s formula was utilized. Based on the classification made in the community section, the number of the statistical sample was approximately 400 people, according to the unlimited statistical population. The questionnaire used in this research is researcher-made and consists of 24 questions. These questions are graded based on a 5-point Likert scale. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by five professors and sports management experts, and the construct validity was appropriately measured and reported through confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire was also calculated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. In this research, SPSS was used to measure descriptive statistics (such as abundance and frequency percentage), and the Structural Equation Model was used to measure inferential statistics with Amos software.

The model developed was validated for the purpose of first-order confirmatory factor analysis of the questionnaire on factors influencing the development of sports tourism, using standard coefficients. All indicators fall within the desired range, confirming the appropriateness of the research measurement model in fitting the collected data. Therefore, the structural model can be fitted to the data in the next step. The goodness of fit index was 0.041, confirming the model’s fit. Also, when the result of dividing the chi-square calculated by the degrees of freedom (df) value is less than 5, the model’s fit is confirmed. In this research, the value of this index is 1.66, supporting the model’s fit. Additionally, when the standard fit index, adaptive fit, criterion fit, relative fit, and goodness of fit are calculated to be higher than or equal to 0.9, the model's appropriate fit is confirmed. The three identified dimensions of factors affecting the development of sports tourism in this study, namely natural attractions, cultural and managerial factors, and infrastructural factors, have influence coefficients of 0.49, 0.34, and 0.19, respectively, on the explanation of this concept. These are high-impact factors and indicate that all three dimensions identified in the formation of the concept of sports tourism in the Ferdows desert region play a relatively similar role. All indicators fall within the desired range, confirming the appropriateness of the research's structural model in fitting the collected data. Therefore, this model can be used to respond to research hypotheses.

The primary objective of this study is to examine the factors that influence the development of sports tourism in the Ferdows desert region. The desert offers a lesser-known tourism potential. The tourism sector has been regarded as the driving force behind the development of cities on the fringes of the Iranian desert. This study assesses the factors that influence the development of sports tourism, and the study’s innovation lies in the application of these factors to desert sports. The results of this study indicate the influence of cultural and managerial factors on sports tourism, with a 34% impact rate. A proposed solution in this field is to invest effectively in cultural and managerial fields in desert regions, transforming half of Iran into a tourism hub in desert areas, attracting domestic and foreign tourists to these areas. Ferdows city, with its pristine desert location and natural attractions, can serve as a platform for desert-specific sports and multilateral desert tournaments. Additionally, considering the city’s cultural ambiance and effective management system, tourism, particularly sports tourism, can be integrated into urban development plans, enabling the construction of numerous recreational and tourist facilities in the region. Moreover, by training human resources, employing experts, and implementing proper management strategies and decisions, a significant step can be taken towards the development of this crucial sector.

The present research is looking for the marketing outsourcing model in Iran’s football clubs. The current research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative selection. The statistical population was selected according to the purpose and framework of the research for two quantitative and qualitative phases. Number of 20 interviews until reaching to theoretical saturation.in the quantitative part, the statistical population includes professors and sport activists, and the statistical sample based on the sufficient number for modeling in PLS software was 400 people.in the qualitative phase, the exploratory interview tool was used, and in the quantitative part, Delphi techniques were used to identify and confirm the factors, as well as, the questionnaire extracted from the qualitative and fuzzy Delphi phase the statistical method and data analysis was used in the qualitative part of the research using the method or content analysis in the form of coding in quantitative part Coronbach Alpha method ,as well as, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to confirm the structure of the research al inferential statistical test are done in (SPSS 24) software and smart PLS software is used for structural modeling and measurement of multiple relationships between variables.in the qualitative and after coding the interweaves we found 94 effective components on marketing outsourcing exploratory factor analysis that identified 71 indicators in 13 categories ,technical and structural factor, managerial factor ,club culture, political and legal infrastructure, monitoring and evaluation, cost management ,sport industry ,pricing ,incentives ,football potential, sport success and market power. Finally, the result of the path analysis also showed that all factors of football marketing outsourcing have relationship and impact. In general, football outsourcing will not solve the existing problems in any way if it is not done in the right conditions and with effective and correct tools and methods. Therefore, it is suggested sports club managers provide the presence of marketing contractors in the club by creating technical and structural infrastructure and paying attention to the culture of the club and check their performance by timely monitoring and evaluation so that the clubs get the necessary financial resources and thus make the clubs successful.

Organizations and stores at a time when they are under different headings such as the age of knowledge, the age of information technology and the age of globalization, must always gain a competitive advantage by identifying and studying the behavior of individuals (1). One of the most important areas of studying sports consumer behavior is shopping behavior. It is the process that the buyer goes through to decide which sports product or service to buy ((6). Since sports customers are people with different and diverse characteristics, understanding and evaluating their buying behavior is a mental and complex process and requires a comprehensive and continuous review (7). The activities that a person engages in the purchase and use of products and services include various psychological and social processes that exist before and after the activities related to purchase and consumption (8). One of the factors that are of special importance in persuading people to buy is their psychological characteristics (9-11). Four factors of hedonism, uniqueness, perfectionism and materialism have been identified as psychological characteristics of individuals (13)).Vigneron and Johnson (2004) stated in their research that customers have special needs and customer needs such as uniqueness, desirability and attention should be met (16)). These needs may stimulate psychological characteristics and lead to consumer purchases or individuals. Lee and Hwang (2011) in their study on the relationship between demographic and psychological characteristics of consumers' attitudes toward luxury restaurants stated that customers who tend to be materialistic and hedonistic, desirable attitudes and people who tend to despise Being an individual have unfavorable attitudes toward attitudes (15)).  Zhang and Kim (2013) in their research showed that psychological characteristics including awareness of needs, the need to be unique and sensitivity to the normative effect on people's attitudes toward shopping (18). Dehravieh and Ashrafi (2018) also showed in their research that psychological characteristics such as having self-confidence, ability to manage stress, responsibility of people, having psychological abilities and emotional intelligence in finding innovative solutions can affect people's decisions (19).Due to the fact that many sports products enter the sports products market with famous brands every year, there is close competition between large domestic manufacturing companies, which examines the factors affecting the motivation of consumers, especially sports elites, to buy and increase their loyalty. Various sports provide valuable information to these companies and their agencies in the current competitive environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the dimensions of psychological characteristics and the encouraging of elite behavior.

This research is of descriptive-correlation type. The statistical population included all sports elites that 206 people were selected as a statistical sample based on the principles of determining the sample size and available method. Lee and Huang (2011) and Edwards (1993) Purchasing Behavior Questionnaire were used to collect data. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors and experts and the reliability of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the psychological characteristic’s questionnaire was α = 0.89 and the shopping behavior persuasion questionnaire was α = 0.76. Pearson correlation test and multiple regression with SPSS software version 25 were used to analyze the data.

The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between the psychological characteristics of elites and their purchasing behavior. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that only the components of uniqueness, perfectionism and hedonism have a significant effect on encouraging buying behavior that uniqueness (β = 0.858) had a greater effect than other components.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the psychological characteristics of elites and their purchasing behavior. Also, the results of regression analysis showed that only the components of uniqueness, perfectionism and hedonism have a significant effect on encouraging buying behavior that uniqueness had a greater effect than other components. The findings of this study were consistent with the results of Previous research (15,16). Individuals and elites who seek to be unique consider themselves unique rather than similar to others, and avoid products that have already been accepted and purchased by others. This self-perception can have a positive effect on the attitude towards buying products and motivate him to buy products. In addition, there is a positive and significant relationship between pleasure-seeking and attitudes towards luxury restaurants. This finding is similar to the study of Tissa (2005) In studying the effect of personal orientation on the values ​​of commercial luxury shopping, he found a positive relationship between self-centered pleasure resulting from pleasure-seeking experiences and luxury brand consumption. The findings show that consumers who enjoy emotional pleasure expect to satisfy their pleasure needs with a variety of luxury restaurant features (27). Lee and Huang (2011) also showed that customers who value emotional pleasure expect their pleasure needs to be met with a variety of location or product features. Previous studies have reported that perfectionist consumers prefer high-quality brands to unreliable, low-quality products (27,28). Therefore, due to the effect of psychological characteristics on the motivation of elites to buy products and goods, it is necessary for shop owners and business managers to pay more attention to their psychological characteristics and motivations, such as uniqueness, hedonism and perfectionism. To. However, it is necessary to pay attention to their materialistic motives. Materialists, for example, view goods and products as symbols of various aspects of social identity that include social class and social prestige. In accordance with the unique motivation of monopoly and scarcity of products, high price and priority for it increases. In fact, their desire to monopolize is when they realize that the consumption and use of certain products are given to them, in other words, certain people. These people want to adapt to new products in order to show themselves unique from others. Therefore, this encourages them to buy products. According to the characteristic of hedonism, people are looking for products that, in addition to the desired quality, create intangible benefits and positive emotional value for them. The pursuit of pleasure and happiness is a natural desire for all people. However, society and those moving towards individualism will have higher levels of hedonic motivation to consume and persuade to buy. Because by buying their products, they create a kind of pleasure in themselves. According to the results, it is necessary to pay more attention to the psychological characteristics of people, such as uniqueness, perfectionism and hedonism in order to encourage people's buying behavior.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the development of NAJA championship sports based on grounded theory approach. The statistical population included professors and faculty members of sports management, managers and experts of NAJA championship sports. A total of 10 members of the qualitative community purposefully selected as statistical samples. The research measurement tool was a semi-structured interview. The reliability of the interviews was 0.83 by the method of intra-subject agreement. For data analysis, a continuous comparison method was used during the three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The results showed that 205 codes were obtained in the open coding stage and 6 axes in the axial coding, and finally 6 political, social, economic, sports participation, environment, and technology development factors were determined in the development of Naja championship sports. The research results can be useful for managers and decision makers in Naja championship sports to achieve success and reach the desired state

The purpose of this study was to present a model of startup business management in sports. Therefore, this research is based on the purpose of basic research and has been done in terms of collecting exploratory information using the foundation data theory method. The statistical population included experts, professors, managers, business owners, entrepreneurs, and sports consultants in the sports industry and targeted sampling method with snowball techniques. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, and the final pattern was extracted. The final model of the total conditions of causal (28 concepts and 2 categories), axial (33 concepts and 2 categories), substrates and fields (21 concepts and 2 categories), strategies (20 concepts and 2 categories), intervention (4 concepts and 1 category), and implications (17 concepts and 2 categories) manage business startup businesses in sport. The Kappa Cohen method was used to measure reliability and quality control. The kappa coefficient was calculated to equal to 0.789, which is located at a valid agreement level. According to the final pattern of research, the role of resources in business maturation is complex and is a function of how effective and effective use in the market ecosystem and company share.

Achieving success and good performance of athletes in sports competitions is one of the topics that have attracted the most attention of sports organizations in different countries. The aim of the study was to identifying the factors influencing the success of Iranian basketball with the foundation's data approach. The present study was applied in terms of practical purpose and was of qualitative research type with Grand Theory method (Foundation Data Theory). The statistical population consists of experts who have scientific, executive or both specializations in the field of sports management. In the present study, the opinions of 15 experts were collected during a semi-structured interview in a targeted manner to reach theoretical saturation. The reliability of the interviews was also obtained by using the method of studying the agreement within the subject matter of 0.78. To analyze the data, continuous comparison method has been used during three stages of open, central and selective coding. The results showed that 205 codes were obtained in the open source code phase and 11 axes in axial coding, and finally the model of Iran's basketball success paths was presented with eight factors: talent search, management, economic, political, social and cultural, education, environment and athlete. Therefore, supporting basic teams, defining a specific process for identifying brilliant talents and observing justice in the distribution of facilities, forming an think tank to support sports champions, a central program for generating income is suggested.

Providing access to comprehensive tourism information is one of the major challenges. Undoubtedly, the most important factor accelerating tourism is the use of information technology, access, storage, and retrieval of information in the tourism distribution system. Therefore, the present study aimed to design a smart tourism model in the sports industry.

The present study is based on the purpose of basic research and is exploratory in terms of data collection. The data collection tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview. The statistical population included university professors who were familiar with the subject of tourism as well as tourism executives, and a targeted sampling method with the snowball technique was used. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, and the final pattern was extracted.

The final model consists of a set of central categories, causal conditions, necessary contexts, intervening variables, strategies, and consequences of smart tourism for the sports industry.

In general, it can be said that the use of digital tools will bring countless benefits to businesses and activists in the sports tourism industry. Including the development of tourism to reduce reliance on oil and exit the mono-product economy. Also, the sports tourism industry with its unique value chain on the one hand is faced with digitally transformed tourists and on the other hand with basic spaces such as the origin of travel, travel route, tourist destination, and its external environment.

Establishing stable security in major sports events is one of the important challenges of those in charge of organizing them in the country. Therefore, the current research seeks to identify factors affecting sustainable security in major sports events in Iran.

This research is practical and exploratory with a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative). In the qualitative part of the data base theory (Strauss and Corbin 1990) and semi-structured interview with 20 experts who were selected by non-random sampling and face validity and reliability (retest) were used. In the quantitative part of the research, 250 people participated and were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha coefficient 89%) were confirmed and analyzed by multivariate regression test.

Based on the findings, causal factors include proper management, disciplinary and security measures, inter-organizational communication; Background factors include management of fans' emotions, emotional and psychological support; Intervening factors include the implementation of laws and regulations, monitoring of media and virtual space, and sports policies; The strategies included the promotion of culture, social integration, correct education, sports diplomacy, improving welfare and sports infrastructure, investment and financial assistance, technology and information, and the consequences included sports, security and cultural consequences.

It is suggested that the country's sports custodians establish a constructive and unifying determination to create sustainable security by creating unity and empathy by changing the attitude in the country's sports community and with a coordinated management centered on security forces.

Achieving sustainable security in major sporting events is one of the most important challenges in the world. In Iran, due to special national and regional conditions, it is more important. The purpose of this study is to design a sustainable security model in major sporting events in Iran. This study uses qualitative method and foundation data theory (Strauss & Corbin 1990) and semi-structured interviews with 20 experts; sports management (9 people), security and law enforcement (8 people) elites of sports offices (3 people) were performed through purposive non-random sampling. Information was collected through the study of previous research and interviews. The results of the study were presented to the participants, and their opinions were applied. In addition, face and content validity were determined and retest method was used to check the reliability. The mean reliability of retest (82%) was reported. Based on the findings, causal factors include proper management and planning, law enforcement and security control, interaction and organizational communication; underlying factors include fans' emotion management, which was psychological support. Further, interfering factors include weak enforcement of laws and regulations, poor control of the media, and cyberspace, and poor sports policy. Strategies include promoting culture, social integration, proper education, sports diplomacy, improving welfare and sports infrastructure, investment and financial aid, technology and information. It is suggested that sports authorities, by creating national determination and changing the attitude of the country's sports community with management integrated and coordinated with the focus of the police, build a constructive and unifying interaction to create lasting security.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Action-centered team leadership on the development of team synergy by considering the mediating role of self-efficacy and organizational trust of the staff of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Mazandaran Province. The type of descriptive research was correlation. The statistical population included all employees of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Mazandaran Province (139 people). The sampling method was census and finally the questions of 117 questionnaires were completed and returned correctly. In the research, the survey method and a questionnaire with five Likert options were used to collect background data. The data analysis algorithm was used to measure the effect of research variables by the partial least squares method, which included the measurement models and the fit of the structural model. Proper fit of both parts of the data algorithm indicated the desirability and acceptability of the questionnaires and the latent structure at the level of indicators and questions used. The research results showed a 95% confidence level; Action-centered team leadership has a positive and significant effect on the development of self-efficacy team synergy, organizational trust of employees. Organizational self-efficacy and trust also had a positive and significant effect on the development of team synergy. As a result we can say; Practice action-oriented team leadership, develop team synergy; self-efficacy and organizational trust of the staff of the General Department of Sports and Youth of Mazandaran Province will increase.

The purpose of this study is to present the model of fan development in the Iranian Football Premier League. The research method is qualitative-quantitative mixed with exploratory approach. The statistical population included experts in the qualitative section and spectators in the Premier League stadiums in the quantitative section in the (98-99) season. The statistical sample in the qualitative section included 15 experts, professors, faculty members of sports management, coaches, referees, federation officials and people familiar with football, and 400 people in the quantitative section formed the statistical sample by available methods. The data collection tool in the qualitative part was a semi-structured interview with experts which was continued by snowball method until theoretical saturation and the results of this interview were used in the form of a questionnaire with 13 main factors in the quantitative part. In this study, for content validity from the point of view of experts and structural validity, to determine the reliability of the model from the two indicators of hybrid reliability and Cronbach's alpha and from the indicators of divergent and convergent narrative (Ave) and modeling of structural equations SPSS software version 23 and PSL2 were used. The GOF = 0.65 fitness index was reported and the final model research resulted in 13 factors of public relations, location and facilities, distribution channels, product, quality and process, law enforcement, pricing, incentives, market power, planning. Recruitment, fan management, staff and fan interaction, and promotion were approved. It is necessary to invest and pay attention to these areas.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing the acquisition of seats in the International Military Sports Council (CISM). The research method is of mixed type and from the objective, it is applicable research. The statistical population of the study included all experts of International Relations of Sport, experts of Military Sports, Heroes of CISM and sport Managers of the military organizations of the country. In the qualitative part of the research, sampling was done by snowball method and interviewing the experts continued until theoretical saturation. In the quantitative section, according to Morgan table, 385 people of Heroes of CISM and sport Managers of the military organizations of the country were selected by random sampling. The research tool consisted of semi-structured interview and researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods by SPSS V23 statistical packages. Based on the findings of exploratory factor analysis and one-sample t-test, 9 factors contains managerial, communication, professionalism, socio-cultural, political, equipment and technology, human resources, economic and marketing and development of sports facilities as effective factors on the acquisition of seats in the CISM was identified and all had a significant role in the acquisition of seats in the CISM.

Considering the problems that sports marketers face with internal brands, attention to ethics in social marketing can be effective in improving consumer buying status. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the role of ethics in social marketing in encouraging sports elites to internal brands.

This is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all sport elites. 206 individuals were selected as the sample based on the principles of sample size determination and available method. Ethical questionnaire for social marketing and consumer buying ethics questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and path analysis with SPSS and Amos software.

The results of Pearson correlation test showed that there is a significant relationship between ethics in social marketing and its dimensions with the induction of sporting elites to buy in-house brands. Sport has a significant positive effect on buying in-house brands that customer orientation (β = 0.858) has a greater impact on persuading sporting elites to buy in-house brands than adhering to ethical principles and values in sales (β = 0.345).

Based on the results of ethical principles in social marketing by executives of sports brand businesses can have an impact on shaping behavior and encouraging purchase of consumers and sport elites

This study aimed to develop a model of Iranian basketball success paths. A combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used, involving the level managers of the basketball federation and the country's sports management specialists in the qualitative section. In the qualitative section, a semi-structured interview was conducted with 15 members of the qualitative community to achieve theoretical saturation. In the quantitative part, considering that between 5 to 10 samples were required for each question, 322 people were considered as the sample size by stratified random sampling method. The research measurement tool in the qualitative part included a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part a questionnaire consisted of 59 questions taken from the interview. Exploratory factor analysis was used to psychometric the research structures. In order to ensure the validity of the structure and to confirm the factors identified in the previous step (exploratory factor analysis), the factors were used using the confirmatory factor analysis test by partial square method. It is concluded that 7 factors of management, environment, social and cultural, education, economic and political, talent identification and athlete affect the success of Iranian basketball.

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting the management of fans of Iranian basketball clubs. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative research using the grounded theory method. The population included top-level managers of the basketball federation, sports management specialists, coaches, experts, and elites aware of the research literature in the field of basketball. The statistical sample consisted of 14 members of the qualitative community, to achieve theoretical saturation of the semi-structured interview. The research measurement tool in the qualitative section included a semi-structured interview. The reliability of the interviews was 0.78 by the method of intra-subject agreement. To analyze the data, a continuous comparison method was used during the three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. According to the results, 178 codes were obtained in the open coding stage, and 9 axes were identified in the axial coding stage. Finally, 9 factors were identified: welfare facilities, fan center, safety and security, cultural and social, information technology, design and aesthetics of stadiums, marketing, relationships, and evaluation.

Due to the lack of sufficient infrastructure to create smart tourism and poor planning for the use of technology in the tourism industry, Iran has serious problems in this area. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design a smart tourism model in the sports industry. This research is based on the collection of exploratory information and based on the purpose of the type of basic research and has been done using the data theory of the foundation. The data collection tool was a semi-structured in-depth interview. The participating community consisted of university professors who were familiar with the subject of tourism as well as tourism managers and the method of purposeful sampling with a snowball technique was used. The collected data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding, and the final pattern was extracted. The final model consists of a set of central categories, causal conditions, necessary contexts, intervening variables, strategies, and consequences of smart tourism for the sports industry. In general, it can be said that the use of digital tools will bring countless benefits to businesses and activists in the sports tourism industry. Including the development of tourism to reduce reliance on oil and exit the mono-product economy. Also, the sports tourism industry with its unique value chain, on the one hand, is faced with digitally transformed tourists and on the other hand with basic spaces such as the origin of travel, travel route, tourist destination, and its external environment.

The purpose of this study is to design a model for the development of NAJA championship sports. The research method was mixed (qualitative and quantitative). The statistical population was in the qualitative part of professors and faculty members of sports management, managers and experts of NAJA championship sports and in a small part included managers, coaches and athletes of NAJA sports. Statistical sample in the qualitative part of 10 members of the qualitative community, purposefully and in the quantitative part for each question a questionnaire between 5 to 10 people was needed, 324 people were considered by the available method. The measurement tool of this research was a researcher-made questionnaire developed by NAJA Championship Sports. Exploratory factor analysis was used to reduce the initial questionnaire and to fit the model, structural equation path analysis was used using SPSS software version 20 and PLS version 2. The results of structural equation modeling showed that political, social, economic, educational, environmental, social and technology perspectives are effective in the development of NAJA championship sports. The results of the research can be useful for managers and decision makers in NAJA championship sports to achieve success.

This research is to develope a model of factors affecting the behavioral intentions of Premier League Football fans. So, this research has been done through qualitative method and using the Grounded Theory. Targeted sampling was performed with 20 sports management professors, marketing experts and athletes and to the extent of theoretical saturation. The analysis of the data from the interviews was coded in three stages in accordance with the research strategy. Content analysis, coding, and Delphi technique were used to analyze the data. The results showed that the proposed model and model of research on the factors affecting the behavioral intentions of Premier League Football fans consists of 38 pivotal categories, which is a combination of about 218 basic concepts. Using the Delphi technique, the indicators were screened and 34 indicators were obtained. Accordingly, the behavioral intentions of fans in football as a central category were based on the 5 causal conditions of fan communication management, support conditions, club conditions, stadium conditions and security factors and through management strategies, fans' currency, periodic and continuous fan support, adaptation of watches and training with fan demands

The purpose of this study was to present the management model of Iranian basketball club fans. The research method was mixed (qualitative-quantitative. The research approach was mixed (qualitative-quantitative) by exploratory method. In the quantitative section also included managers of the basketball federation, sports management specialists, coaches and players of the Premier League, fans of Iranian basketball clubs. In the qualitative section, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 members of the qualitative community to achieve theoretical saturation, and in the quantitative section, considering that between 5 and 10 samples are required for each question, 428 people were selected as the sample size. The stratified sampling method was considered: the measurement tool of the research in the qualitative part included a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part of the questionnaire was 63 questions taken from the interview.Exploratory factor analysis was used to psychometric the research structures. The validity of the structure and the confirmation of the factors identified in the previous stage (exploratory factor analysis), the factors were used using the confirmatory factor analysis test by partial squares method. The model fit index was reported to be GOF = 0.42 and the Nash results He said that 9 factors of welfare facilities, fan center, safety and security, cultural and social, information technology, design and attractiveness of the stadium space, marketing, public relations, evaluation affect the management of fans of Iranian basketball clubs.